DOE/RL-2003-61 Rev. 0 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope United States Department of Energy TRADEMARK DISCLAIMER Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. This report has been reproduced from the best available copy. Available in paper copy and microfiche. Available for a processing fee to U.S.Department of Energy and its contractors from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 (865) 576-8401 fax: (865) 576-5728 email: reportsOadonis.osti.gov online ordering: http://www.doe.gov/bridge Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: US. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 (800) 553-6847 fax: (703) 605.6900 email: ordersQntis.fedworld.aov online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed in the United States of America DISCLM-5.CHP (1 1/99) DOE/RL-2003-61 Rev. 0 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 United States Department of Energy P.O. Box 550, Richland, Washington 99352 DOERL-2003-6 1 Rev . 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 GUIDING PRINCIPLES .................................................................................................. 2 2.1 CONSISTENCY WITH CERCLA DOCUMENTATION AND GUIDANCE...... 2 2.2 OPEN COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................ 3 3.0 SCOPING STATENZENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS ....................................................... 3 4.0 DELIVEUBLES AND SCHEDULE............................................................................. 6 5.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 12 FIGURES 1. 2. 3. 4. Integrating the Assessments Across the Hanford Site......................................................... 8 Deliverable Documents and Risk Assessment Schedule for the 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment............................................ 9 River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment Components................................................... 10 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment Process........................................................................................................... 11 IO0 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 1 DOERL-2003-61 Rev. 0 ACRONYMS CERCLA DOE DQO Ecology EPA HAB ISS NPL RCBRA RL ROD SAP Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of I980 U.S. Department of Energy data quality objective Washington State Department of Ecology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Hanford Advisory Board interim safe storage National Priorities List River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment DOE, Richland Operations Office record of decision sampling and analysis plan 100Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 .. 11 DOE/RL-2003-61 Rev. 0 1.0 INTRODUCTION The 100 and 300 Areas are two of four areas at the Hanford Site placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) of waste sites in 1989 under authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement) (Ecology et al. 1998) was developed to achieve compliance with CERCLA, including the SuperJfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 remedial action provisions, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976. In 1991, the Tri-Parties, which included the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U S . Department of Energy (DOE) agreed to a “bias for action” approach to the CERCLA process for all of Hanford’s NPL sites, including the 100 Area and 300 Area. The agreement, known as the Hanford Past-Practice Strategy (DOE-RL 199l), expedited the remedial investigation/feasibility study process to start remediation earlier than under the traditional CERCLA process. Interim action records of decision (RODS)were developed to define cleanup goals using qualitative risk assessments and initiate the remediation process for the 100 Area and 300 Area waste sites. One of the key evaluations needed to complete CERCLA actions is a baseline risk assessment to determine what cleanup levels are protective of human health and the environment. A baseline risk assessment characterizes the current and potential threats to human health and the environment that may be posed by contaminants released into the environment. To support final decision making and completion of the CERCLA process for the 100 Area and 300 Area, the DOE, Richland Operations Office (RL) is conducting a baseline risk assessment that addresses all of the hazardous substances released from waste sites along the Columbia River Corridor. The River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment (RCBRA) will be a multi-step process that will include the compilation of existing data, preparation of remedial investigation work plans, identification of issues and data gaps through the data quality objective (DQO) process, identification of appropriate receptors and endpoints, development of sampling and analysis plans (SAPS), data collection and analysis, and calculation of risks measurement endpoints specified in the DQO. Results of data collection, analysis, and risk evaluation will be published in a final risk assessmenthemedial investigation report. The DOE is responsible for assessing risks to human health and the environment from releases of contaminants to the environment. Contaminants have been released at the Hanford Site for more than 50 years, and contamination will remain onsite for thousands of years. DOE must assess the risk from contaminants remaining onsite, as well as the offsite locations where contaminants remain or will come to be located. The DOE fulfills this responsibility via several risk assessments to address the various facets of this effort. One of the top priorities for risk work is the protection of the Columbia River, including its ecological resources and the humans who use it. The scope of the baseline risk assessment is to assess the risk to the upland, riparian, near-shore, and river environments resulting from contaminant releases. 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 1 DOEYRL-2003-61 Rev. 0 The results of additional Hanford Site risk assessments and studies that will be included in the RCBRA remedial investigation report include the following: An evaluation of the impacts of 200 Area plumes reaching the 100 Area and 300 Area in the future (see Figure 1). o A risk assessment of aquatic and riparian receptors at the 100-N Area, fulfilling an interim action ROD requirement (EPA 1999b). The 100-B/C Pilot Project study, which addresses the baseline risk assessment needs at the 100-B/C Area. Data relevant to the RCBRA efforts that are gathered from the above-mentioned Hanford Site assessment projects will be evaluated and integrated, as appropriate. 2.0 GUIDING PRINCIPLES The following subsections outline the guiding principles for communications while conducting the RCBRA, and identify the applicable state and federal guidance documents that are to be followed. 2.1 CONSISTENCY WITH CERCLA DOCUMENTATION AND GUIDANCE The RCBRA will follow and be consistent with CERCLA documentation, including the following: 0 o Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA (EPA 1988). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual (EPA 1989). Ecological Risk Assessment Guidancefor Superfund: Process for Design and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments (EPA 1997a). 0 EPA Region 10 Supplemental Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (EPA 1997b). Superfund Program Representative Sampling Guidance Volume 3: Biological (EPA 1997c). Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment (EPA 1998). 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 2 DOE/RL-2003-41 Rev. 0 0 Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management Principles for Supel-fund Sites (EPA 1999a). Reuse Assessments: A Tool to Implement the Superfund Land Use Directive (EPA 2001). To maintain consistency with state regulations, the assessment will also follow specific provisions of the Model Toxics Control Act Cleanup RegulationsRerrestrial Ecological Evaluation Procedures (WAC 173-340-7490 through 7494), as appropriate. 2.2 OPEN COMMUNICATIONS Communications for this project will be conducted in accordance with the Community Relations Plan for the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Ecology et al. 2002). The following key principles of open communication were identified in meetings with the regulatory agencies, the Tribes, the Hanford Advisory Board (HAB), and the Natural Resource Trustee Council. The baseline risk assessment project will be an open process, 0 The project will actively consult with the Tribes in accordance with the provisions of the “Structured Process,” which is being developed between RL and the Tribes. 0 The project will actively coordinate with the Natural Resources Trustee Council; a trustee coordination plan is being developed. 0 The project will maintain an open dialogue to provide frequent updates and receive input from interested parties, including the HAB and the public. All the pertinent input will be considered by the risk assessment decision-makers (EPA, Ecology, and DOE), who will make the final decision as to how the input is incorporated. Portions of the assessment, where scientific conclusions are considered paramount, may also be subjected to independent scientific review to resolve issues. o Response to input will be communicated back to the reviewers in a timely manner. 3.0 SCOPXNG STATEMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS The 100 Area and 300 Area component scoping process has been initiated through the distribution and discussion of guiding principles and draft scoping statements in meetings with the regulatory agencies, the Tribes, the HAB, and the Natural Resource Trustee Council. This document, the 100Area and 300 Area River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope, presents these guiding principles and scoping statements to facilitate development of the risk assessment. The scoping statements are designed to focus the 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 3 DOERL-2003-6 1 Rev. 0 baseline risk assessment to the project area and pathways necessary to obtain final remedial action RODs for the 100 Area and 300 Area NPL sites. Figure 2 shows a schedule for the major tasks required to complete the assessment. The 100 Area and 300 Area component work plan will provide a more detailed list of tasks, deliverables, and schedule that are required to complete the project. The work plan, to be completed in 2004, will follow EPA CERCLA guidance. For example, DOE will adhere to the following six principles for CERCLA and ecological risk assessments per EPA (1999a). 1. Reduce ecological risks to levels that will result in the recovery and maintenance of healthy local populations and communities of biota. 2. Coordinate with Tribes, Natural Resource Trustees, and the HAB. 3. Use site-specific ecological risk data to support cleanup decisions. 4. Characterize site risks. 5 . Communicate risks to the public. 6. Remediate unacceptable risks. A baseline risk assessment of the Columbia River, with respect to Hanford’s contribution of contaminants, will determine if there is a substantial endangerment to public health or the environment resulting from Hanford Site contaminants. The RCBRA will be integrated with the following two main components. 100 Area and 300 Area Component. The subject of this document and which addresses the 100 Area and 300 Area (including the near-shore zone of the Columbia River at the 100 Area and 300 Area) (see Figure 3). (To be completed by the Environmental Restoration/River Corridor Contractor.) Columbia River Component. Several organizations have conducted numerous ecological and contaminant studies along the Columbia River beyond the 100 Area and 300 Area near-shore zone. However, the information still needs to be compiled, analyzed, and peer reviewed to verify its appropriateness and adequacy for a baseline risk assessment. Should existing data prove to be adequate, the analyses can be used as part of the basis for the 100 Area and 300 Area final remedy RODs. 100Area and 300 Area component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 4 DOE/RL-2003-6 1 Rev. 0 The scoping statements below primarily address the 100 Area and 300 Area component. Separate scoping statements will be developed for the Columbia River component. 1. The RCBRA will follow the CERCLA process to evaluate the protection of human health and the environment, as required for final remedy decisions for the 100 Area and 300 Area RODs. 2. The 100 Area and 300 Area component will extend into the Columbia River only to the point where the contaminant releases specific to the 100 Area and 300 Area no longer pose an unacceptable risk, as defined by CERCLA. The Columbia River component will evaluate impacts beyond this point. 3. The 100 Area and 300 Area component will evaluate the current conditions of the groundwater in the river corridor, including remnant plumes currently beneath the 100 Area and 300 Area that originated in the 200 Area. Analysis of plumes originating from the 200 Area that may reach the 100 Area and 300 Area shorelines will be included in this risk assessment as the modeling results become available. 4. Hanford Generating Plant sites, part of the 100-NR-1 Operable Unit, will be included in the risk assessment. 5. Exposure scenarios will be based on current and reasonably anticipated future use(s) for the river corridor. Selection of scenarios will be based on existing cleanup decisions, tribal uses, National Monument status, and the Hanford Site Risk-Based End State Vision that is currently under development in accordance with DOE Policy 455.1. The Hanford Site RiskBased End State Vision, based on land use decisions made through the Revised Draft Hanford Remedial Action Environmental Impact Statement and Comprehensive Land Use Plan (DOE 1999) and Record of Decision: Hanford Comprehensive Land-Use Plan Environmental Impact Statement (HCP EIS) (6450-01-P), is scheduled for completion in January 2004. 6. Outfall pipelines that extend into the Columbia River (riverlines) and D-Island will be included in the 100 Area and 300 Area component. 7 . Most of the 100 Area and 300 Area liquid waste sites have been remediated to meet the remedial action goals as stated in the interim action RODs. Final cleanup verification sampling results are available for these sites, and these results can be used in the risk assessment. However, the remedial actions at solid waste burial grounds and remaining sites are still in progress. Because interim action RODs specifying remedial action goals have already been signed for these waste sites, the sites will be evaluated for the risk assessment as if they have already been remediated in accordance with the RODs. As remediation on these waste sites is completed, the actual verification sampling results will be incorporated into the risk assessment. Additional characterization of currently unremediated sites is not required for this risk assessment. IO0 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 5 DOE/=-2003-6 1 Rev. 0 8. Reactor cores and waste sites in the “shadow” of the reactor core (within approximately 25 m [82 ft] of the edge of the safe storage enclosure facility) will be considered as completed interim safe storage (ISS) projects. No additional characterization of these sites or the ISS enclosures will be performed for this risk assessment. (It is assumed ISS will be completed for the 100-N Reactor, but a final decision has not been made.) Because interim action RODs and Action Memorandums specifying remedial action goals have already been signed for these waste sites and the reactors, the sites will be evaluated for the risk assessment as if they have already been remediated in accordance with the RODs. 9. The ongoing 100-B/C Pilot Project Ecological Risk Assessment (100-B/C Pilot Project) will be used to help focus this assessment, including conceptual models, computational methods, and appropriate “lessons learned.” 10. Some of the sampling is seasonally restricted. Plants are best sampled just before full bloom, which, depending on the species, occurs from early spring through late fall. The river is best sampled in fall when the river flow is low. Scoping for problem formulation will include fall sampling to ensure the low-river flow period is not missed. A preliminary SAP, based on the 100-B/C Pilot Project sampling and initial DQO discussions, will likely be used to initiate this scoping process. 11 A gamma radiation survey of the Columbia River shorelines at the applicable reactor areas will be started in the winter of 2003/2004 to focus the DQO process. (A similar survey was a valuable asset to the lOO-B/C Pilot Project for locating samples at the points of highest radiation readings.) 12. Sampling may take 2 years to complete. Two sampling phases, Phase I and Phase 11, are identified for the baseline risk assessment effort. Scopes and schedules for these efforts will be developed in the 100 Area and 300 Area component work plan, DQO, and SAP. It is possible that sufficient data will be collected during Phase I, the first year of sampling, so that Phase I1 will not be necessary and the risk assessment can be completed ahead of schedule. 4.0 DELIVERABLES AND SCHEDULE The deliverable documents and a schedule for the 100 Area and 300 Area component are shown in Figure 2. The documents and estimated completion dates are as follows: 0 0 0 0 A remedial investigation work plan (September 2004) Existing data compilation (April 2004) Phase I DQO summary report (December 2004) Phase I SAP (December 2004) Risk assessmenthemedial investigation report (April 2007). IO0 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 6 DOE/RL-2003-61 Rev. 0 An overview of the process for completing the 100 Area and 300 Area component is shown in Figure 4. The risk management evaluation and decisions will be made after the risk assessment is completed, and will be made as part of the feasibility study and final remedial action RODS for the 100 Area and 300 Area. 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 a DOERL-2003-6I Rev. 0 Figure 1. Integrating the Assessments Across the Hanford Site. IO0 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 DOERL-2003-61 Rev. 0 Figure 2. Deliverable Documents and Risk Assessment Schedule for the 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment. 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R2140 0 0 2UANOS R2150 0 0 31JUL05' R?lBO 0 0 16JM' 01OCT03 iEJANo6 $2FEBM' I00 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 9 DOE/RL-2003-61 Rev. 0 Figure 3. River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment Components. Component 2- e- * I00 and 300 Area Columbia River Outside the near-shore river area UplandArea 4 (source operable units) L 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 10 DOE//RL-2003-61 Rev. 0 Figure 4. 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the River Corridor Baseline Risk Assessment Process. Extensive outreach to idanti Update OQO, SAP Proposed Pla Final ROD anagement Decisions) 100Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 11 DOE/R.L-2003-61 Rev. 0 5.0 RETERIENCES 6450-0 1-P, Record of Decision: Hanford Comprehensive Land- Use Plan Environmental Impact Statement (HCP EIS) (1999), U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. 9601, et seq. DOE P 455.1, Use of Risk-Based End State, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. DOE, 1999, Revised Draft Hanford Remedial Action Environmental Impact Statement and Comprehensive Land Use Plan, DOE/EIS-O222D, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. DOE-RL, 1991, Hanford Past-Practice Strategy, DOERL-9 1-40, Rev. 0, U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office, Richland, Washington. Ecology, EPA, and DOE, 1998, Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, 2 vols., as amended, Washington State Department of Ecology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Energy, Olympia, Washington. Ecology, EPA, and DOE, 2002, Community Relations Plan for the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, Washington State Department of Ecology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Energy, Olympia, Washington. EPA, 1988, Guidancefor Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA, EPA/540/G-89/004, OSWER Directive 9355.3-01, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA, 1989, Risk Assessment Guidancefor Superfund: Volume 1, Human Health Evaluation Manual, EPA/540/1-89/002, Interim Final, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA, l997a, Ecological Risk Assessment Guidancefor Superfund: Process for Design and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments, EPA/540/R-97/006, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA, 1997b, EPA Region 10 Supplemental Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfiund, EPA/910/R-97/005, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA, 1997c, Superfund Program Representative Sampling Guidance, Volume 3: Biological, Interim Final, EPA 540/R-97/028, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 100 Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 12 DOEYRL-2003-61 Rev. 0 EPA, 1998, Guidelinesfor Ecological Risk Assessment, EPA/630/R-95/002F, Risk Assessment Forum, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA, 1999a, Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management Principlesfor Superfund Sites, OSWER Directive No. 9285.7-28P, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA, 1999b, Interim Remedial Action Record of Decision for the 100-NR-I and 100-NR-2 Operable Units, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. EPA, 2001, Reuse Assessments: A Tool to Implement the Superjimd Land Use Directive, QSWER 9355.7-06P, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976,42 U.S.C. 6901, et seq. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986,42 U.S.C. 9601, et seq. WAC 173-340, “Model Toxics Control Act--Cleanup,” Washington Administrative Code, as amended. 100Area and 300 Area Component of the RCBRA: Basis and Assumptions on Project Scope December 2003 13 DOEIRL-2003-61 Rev. 0 DISTRIBUTION U.S. Department of Energy Richland Operations Office H. E. Bilson K. V. Clarke E. B. Dagan A. P. Larsen (10) J. G. Morse A. L. Rodriguez (13) J. P. Sands (5) Y. T. Sherman (5) C. V. Smith K. M. Thompson J. Zeisloft A3-04 A7-75 A5- 15 A2- 15 A6-38 A5- 15 A3-04 A7-75 A4-52 A6-38 A3-04 ERC Team G. C. Campbell, BHI P. G. Doctor, BHI K. A. Gano, BHI C. W. Hedel, CHI M. C. Hughes, BHI J. K. Linville, CHI T. E. Marceau, BHI N. B. Myers, BHI D. D. Teel, BHI B. L. Vedder, BHI S. G. Weiss, BHI h0-11 h0-23 h0-23 H9-02 h0-23 H9-0 1 h0-23 HO- 14 h0-23 h0-02 h0-20 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory R. W. Bryce T. M. 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