A BEAUTY CONTEST OF REFEREE PROCESSES OF ECONOMICS JOURNALS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS By Christian Seidl, Ulrich Schmidt, Peter Grösche Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Germany 1. SURVEY In the time between November 21st, 2001, and December 8th, 2001, we addressed some twenty thousands of economists by e-mail asking them for their responses to seven questions concerning their experience with the referee process of economics journals. For their responses, they were referred to an online-questionnaire. No less than some 5,300 persons had a look at our questionnaire, but only 460 of them could bring themselves to fill in the first question of our questionnaire and provide usable responses. This induced us to launch a follow-up request for responses starting in April 29th, 2002. This second wave brought us about another 1,500 looks at our questionnaire with 170 usable responses to the first question. We have now finished a preliminary account of the results based on 630 usable responses. As it will take some time to complete a paper, and get it over the hurdles of a referee process (you know), we feel that we owe all persons bothered by our plea, and – even more so – all persons who responded to our questionnaire, at least preliminary information about our results. Here they are! 2. JOURNALS In our survey we had two groups of journals; first, what we call invited journals, and, second, contributed journals. The invited journals centred on the famous Diamond (1989) list comprising 27 economics journals, which was enlarged by 49 journals taken from the A and B categories of the VSNU (Vereniging van Samenwerkende Nederlandse Universiteiten - Association of Universities in the Netherlands) economics journals ranking list, which we considered as important enough to be included. This makes 76 invited journals. Second, we allowed our respondents to add journals which they considered as important enough to be added to the journals list. The invited journals are marked with an asterisk, the journals of the Diamond list among them with a diamond, and the contributed journals are unmarked. In Table 1 we list all journals for which the first question was answered (respondents could answer subsequent questions only by passing Question 1 first). This table shows a list of 359 journals. Moreover, Table 1 also shows that our choice of 76 invited journals provided a good match with respondents’ experience with paper submission. Among the 73 journals having at least 10 responses to Question 1, only four were not listed among the invited journals. Notice, furthermore, that all 10 journals which attracted one hundred or more responses are also in the Diamond list. All journals of the Diamond list, with the exception of the Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, elicited at least 11 responses to the first question. Table 1 also shows that some renowned, mostly non-American journals, which existed well before 1989, were not included in the Diamond list. Of course, it does not make much sense to release data on journals for which only few responses were registered. As our documentation is purely descriptive, no valid criterion exists which imperatively prescribes a cut-off benchmark. Hence we arbitrarily settled on five valid responses to a question to include a journal into an evaluation result to be released. As some respondents had chosen to drop out during the survey, the set of journals decreases somewhat for later posed questions. 3. RESPONDENTS A survey of researchers’ experience with referee processes can follow several routes. One possibility is to address successful authors who managed to get their papers published in a journal. Alas, this approach is endangered of biasing responses in favor of the respective journal because one asks the lucky ones whose work has been accepted. The other way is to address economists at large and thus collect also the experience of the less lucky ones which is, however, crucial for a valid picture of the performance of referee processes. We took the second route and asked several institutions for e-mail addresses of economists. Fortunately for our survey, many of them lent us their help. We are very much indebted to the European Economic Association, to the Verein für Socialpolitik, to the editorial board of the Economics Bulletin, to the IZA [Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit – Institute for the Study of Labor] and to Inomics for having helped us with a link to our questionnaire, and to many colleagues who helped us with e-mail addresses. Some e-mail addresses of economists were collected by us. For helpful comments we are also indebted to our faculty colleagues Sönke Albers and Joachim Wolf. Several institutions denied their cooperation. The American Economic Association did not answer our pleas addressed both to the President of the AEA and to its office. Neither did we receive a reply from the Royal Economic Society. We received negative answers from the Econometric Society (having asked the responsible person for making the society’s e-mail announcements) and from North-Holland Publishing Company (which disposes of a huge amount of e-mail addresses of economists addressed by Economics Alert). Some other minor institutions either denied their cooperation or did not answer to our request for addresses. This refusal of cooperation implies that American, Asian and Pacific economists are somewhat underrepresented in our survey (cf. Table 2). The data of all respondents were screened by hand. This led to the elimination of the data of 13 respondents on various reasons. For instance, one respondent proposed a journal, inserted into the questionnaire that (s)he had not submitted any paper, but reported that (s)he had received two referee reports on this nonsubmitted paper. Nine respondents had to be eliminated because of untrustworthy data (for instance, one respondent had claimed to have waited 999,999 weeks for a response from the editor of a journal; another one indicated to have received 26 referee reports on average from a journal). As these were attempts at manipulation, the data of 13 subjects had to be eliminated, leaving us with 630 usable responses to the first question. Of these, 551 participated in the survey through to the seventh question. In addition to that, we listed respondents with respect to multiple uses of the same computers. If indeed somebody tried manipulation in favor or disfavor of some journals, (s)he is likely to have addressed our questionnaire repeatedly and inserted similar ratings for selected journals. So we listed the responses according to computer IP addresses and checked for similar evaluations. Although we observed multiple uses of the same computers in several cases (which is completely understandable, as not sufficiently many computers are available in all departments, and as some respondents may have availed themselves of the help of some other persons, using their computers), we did not observe suspicious similarities of responses in the cases of multiple uses of the same computers. 4. REACTIONS We are indebted to many persons for their comments and suggestions. The tenor of the reactions was either helpful, sympathetic, or critical. Many helpful comments drew our attention to related work, of which we were in some cases not aware of, as respective work was published in sundry journals far outside economics. In this presentation of preliminary results, we cannot deal with related work, which has to be deferred to our later paper, but, for the benefit of interested scholars, we enclose here a list of references to related papers. Numerous sympathetic reactions came from all strata of respondents. Some responses were quite enthusiastic, such as this one from a female economist: “…great to see you have embarked on this”. Many commentators argued that we should have posed more and more detailed questions. Yet, it is true that we started originally from a far more comprehensive list of questions, but decided to confine us to but seven questions for fear of too many drop-outs. Our experience with this survey showed ample evidence that we were right in doing so: Only about eight per cent out of all persons originally interested in our survey embarked on responding to all questions. However, we conjecture that some drop-outs might have been caused by inefficient web services in some countries. For instance, no Indian economist managed to respond to our survey, although several had a look into our homepage. This might have been caused by an extremely slow web service in India. Interestingly enough, we registered also some interest on the part of an economist from Nepal, but (s)he seems to have given up for similar reasons. Other sympathetic scholars took the occasion of our survey to broach their own uneasiness with the current referee situation. For instance, a prominent senior American economist sent us the following comment: The problem I have had is the inability or unwillingness of top mainstream journals to provide competent refereeing for papers that differ substantially in their theoretical starting point from the, broadly speaking, neoclassical mainstream. Thus papers that explore classical closures of economic models, that look at growth theory without the framework of a Cobb-Douglas production function, that address Marx’s theory of value and money, and the like, meet with hostility from editors or incomprehension from referees. The effect of this situation is to discourage people, and particularly younger scholars, working in these traditions from even submitting papers to these journals. Thus the blandness and theoretical homogeneity they present is just the tip of the iceberg. This has been a long-standing problem in economics, and as far as I can tell it is probably getting worse rather than getting better. Arguing along the same lines, another respondent coined the expression “Terror der Mainstream-Refereed-Journal-Anhänger”. However, these laments do not pertain to economics alone. It seems to be a feature of all sciences to stifle innovative papers [see, for instance, Barber (1961), Kuhn (1962), Goodstein and Brazis (1970), Abramowitz et al. (1975), Mahoney (1977), Garcia (1981), Epstein (1990), Horrobin (1990), Gans and Shepherd (1994), Companario (1995)]. Critical comments were received exclusively from top prominent economists. For instance, one of the world’s leading game theorists urged us: “please stop sending me reminders about this research. such research projects are dangerous and misleading!” Comments such as this suggest that research directed at referee processes of learned journals is likely to stir up a hornet’s nest among the incumbents of the profession’s most influential positions. The pioneering study, which drew much fire, was certainly the paper by Peters and Ceci (1982a). They resubmitted twelve already published papers under fictitious names to prestigious psychology journals. Only three of them were detected, eight of the rest were rejected, and only one was accepted. As to the rejected papers, no referee remonstrated lack of novelty of the respective findings. Armstrong (1982b, p. 63) reports: Many people are not enthusiastic about the P&C paper. Earlier versions of the paper had been rejected by Science and by the American Psychologist. Many of the editors of the twelve journals involved in the P&C experiment were upset. Some of them withheld relevant information, making it more difficult to interpret the findings. One editor tried to sabotage the study by informing other editors [Peters and Ceci 1982b]. Many of the commentators were also critical, particularly about the ethics of deceiving editors. (Experimental study often requires deception, but the matter seems especially serious when editors are deceived.) Apparently, P&C are tampering with religion. Those who point out shortcomings in this religion are dangerous people. For example, Michael Mahoney [1982] reported that, his 1977 experiment on journal reviewing practices led to attempts to haven him fired. Other examples are provided by Manwell and Baker [1982]. They describe cases where plagiarists recycled work that had been previously published in other journals. Two academic “whistleblowers” who spotted the plagiarism were dealt with harshly (one of them was fired). The plagiarists were not punished. Apparently shortcomings in the review system are tolerated, but pointing out shortcomings is not. In a reply to Armstrong (1982b), Herbert F. Ayres, then President of TIMS, remarked: The cited, unsaintly negative reactions of the editors and their friends were because they – entirely correctly – saw the checks on “Journal Reviewing Practices” as criticism of themselves and the structure of their system. They are responsible because they are in charge. Do you expect referees to be saintly while their oxen are gored when editors are not? 5. RESULTS The results of our survey are summarized in Tables 3-9. For each question posed, we enumerate the journals with at least five valid responses in the order of desirability, using the mean responses as the criterion of ranking. For identical mean responses, the respective journals are assigned the same rank, and, within this rank, are arranged in an alphabetic order. When it comes to single out particular journals, we focus on the most prestigious ones because it is these journals which should represent patterns of exemplary referee processes. There is widespread agreement in the profession that the core journals of the most prestigious journals are represented by those in the Diamond list. Therefore, journals from the Diamond list receive special attention in the comments on our results. Note that the responses to Questions 1-3 are numbers such as the spell to get a first reply, numbers of referee reports received, and numbers of papers submitted and accepted. In contrast to that, the responses to Questions 4-7 result from mouse click to one out of seven fields on Likert scales. In our results, the worst value is coded with a 0, and the best with a 6, so that 3 forms the mean coded value of each Likert scale if all values were clicked with equal frequency. 5.1 QUESTION 1: “AFTER SUBMISSION OF YOUR PAPER, HOW LONG DID IT TAKE ON AVERAGE TO GET A REPLY OTHER THAN JUST A CONFIRMATION THAT YOUR PAPER HAD BEEN RECEIVED?” Table 3 contains the responses to this question, ordered with respect to the mean spell of a reply measured in weeks. The Quarterly Journal of Economics stands out as the speediest one. With a mean spell of 0.613 weeks it is an outlier with respect to fast response. However, given the high rejection rate of this journal, which places it at the very end of Table 5, the Quarterly Journal of Economics’ pretence of being a thoroughly refereed journal is disproved by the facts. Even the speediest referee process takes hardly less than two weeks. This means that the managing editor(s) of the Quarterly Journal of Economics reject(s) many of the submitted manuscripts without ever having consulted a single referee as to rejection or acceptance of a paper. This provokes at least two questions: 1. Why have referee processes been introduced at all in the economics profession, if some managing editors return to those dictatorial practices which in days of yore have exposed Alfred Marshall and John M. Keynes to the reproach of having suppressed all work they disapproved from publication in the Economic Journal? 2. Why are journals, which violate the rules of decent referee processes, any longer listed as refereed journals? It seems that we are in strong need of a certification agency which monitors and certifies the property of being a refereed journal. [Indeed, Herbert F. Ayres, then the President of TIMS, proposed in 1982 the establishment of a Rejection Review Board; cf. Armstrong (1982b).] A related problem to be raised is the long spell of economics journals to reach a decision. Hardly any journals decide below 10 weeks, and more than half of them need 20 weeks and more to take a decision. 20 journals of the Diamond list (out of the 26 remaining ones) need more than 20 weeks to make a decision. This seems to be a defect which primarily befalls economics journals. In a recent letter to the Royal Economic Society Newsletter, Paul Omerod (2002) remonstrates the long spell of decision processes of the Economic Journal. In the year 2000, it took this journal 18 weeks to reject a paper and 28 weeks to offer a revision of a paper. [Taking our respondents’ mean acceptance rate of 0.296 of Table 5, this gives a mean spell of 20.96 weeks, which is in line with the 21.583 weeks for the Economic Journal in Table 3.] Omerod contrasts this with the experience he had made with five articles submitted to world class physics journals and with two submitted to mathematical finance journals. Six out of these seven papers were accepted. The average time to make a decision was 4.5 weeks, the largest being 8 weeks. Moreover, Omerod reports that, from discussion with people, who have submitted regularly to such journals over the years, this experience is entirely typical, and is not simply a matter of small sample bias One might object that papers in economics are typically longer than papers in physics, yet even an economics journal which confines itself to short papers only, such as Economics Letters, takes a mean spell of 14.774 weeks to reach a decision. Moreover, this journal, too, takes some decisions based on the discretion of the managing editor only without entering the papers into a referee process. This is evidenced by its meagre average number of referee reports, which is taken up in the next subsection. A mean spell of more than one year was reached by three journals only. However, note that the standard deviation of some journals is rather high. 5.2 QUESTION 2: “HOW MANY REFEREE REPORTS DID YOU RECEIVE ON AVERAGE?” Table 4 shows that the more reputed journals tend to provide less referee reports than the less reputed journals. For instance, only two journals from the Diamond list figure below rank 20, viz. Econometrica and Economic Inquiry. The Spanish Economic Review (rank 18 out of 88) is the last journal with a mean of two referee reports per respondent. The Quarterly Journal of Economics is ranked 79 with a mean of 1.252 referee reports per respondent. Taken together with the results of Section 5.1, it seems as if most respondents considered the managing editors’ rejection as a valid referee report. Economics Letters ranks last among the journals from the Diamond list (0.86 referee reports per respondent). As this is less than one referee report per respondent, this reflects that papers are rejected by the managing editor without ever having been entered into an ordinary referee process. 5.3 QUESTION 3: “HOW MANY PAPERS DID YOU SUBMIT TO THIS JOURNAL AND HOW MANY PAPERS WERE ACCEPTED?” Table 5 reports the paper acceptance rates. The aggregate acceptance rates can immediately be calculated by dividing the entries of the sixth column by the entries of the fifth column. However, it is more interesting to take the acceptance rates of the individual respondents and compute their mean, median, and standard deviation using the individual data. Several journals release data on acceptance rates. For other journals, one can easily get information. Comparing these figures with the acceptance rates of Table 5, we find them up to more than doubly as high as the real acceptance rates. Thus, our data seem to be biased by two effects: 1. Trend effect: True acceptance rates fell with the lapse of time. Respondents who remember their submission history of papers amalgamate past with present experience, which biases the present rejection rates upwards. 2. Selection effect: It seems that the more successful (and, perhaps, also the more active) scholars felt more attracted by our survey than the less successful ones. Unfortunately, we cannot control for these affects, but notice that they are at work. This may well imply that the results presented in Tables 6-9 suffer from an upward bias. However, as we did not pre-select our respondents a priori from the set of the successful ones, this upward bias is certainly less than it would have been, had we addressed only people whose papers were actually accepted for publication (e.g., by way of taking only the e-mail addresses of respondents from publications in journals). On the other hand, a survey such as ours is endangered of attracting primarily frustrated respondents who wish to deal a blow to those journals which they consider to have treated them unfairly. The figures in Table 5 show that this is certainly not the case Table 5 shows that the more reputed journals have higher rejection rates. There are some spectacular exceptions to this regularity. For instance, four journals of the Diamond list rank below 50 (out of 94 ranks). However, 17 journals out of the Diamond list figure on the last 25 ranks. It seems that rejections rates of papers are exceptionally high in economics and in the social sciences at large. Comparing the Economic Journal’s rejection rates with journals in fields other than economics, Omerod (2002) reports his experience with five articles submitted to world class physics journals and with two submitted to mathematical finance journals. Six out of these seven papers were accepted. Omerod’s experience fits with Armstrong’s (1982b, p.64) observation that “Peer review is greatly relied upon in the management sciences where almost 80% of the papers are rejected by the prestigious journals. (In physics, on the other hand, almost 80% are accepted.)” [Even this bright view on physics does not guarantee that important research findings are published of necessity. For instance, the first publication on the famous scanning tunnelling microscope, which led subsequently to a Nobel Prize in physics, failed in 1981 because a journal referee found the paper “not interesting enough”; see Fisher (1989). For more general examples in science at large, see Companario (1995).] 5.4 QUESTION 4: “WERE THE REFEREE REPORTS COMPETENT?” Table 6 contains the respective results. Surprisingly enough, our preliminary impression is that the competence of referee reports is not positively correlated with the reputation of a journal. Both the journals of the Diamond list and of the invited journals do neither bunch at the upper not at the lower end. They appear to be rather evenly distributed among the ranks. For instance, considering the mean rank of 44, 14 journals of the Diamond list rank ahead of, and 12 rank behind the mean rank. Moreover, prima facie there seems to be no significant correlation with the rejection rates of the respective journals. In view of rumors that some editors, being snowed down with papers, encourage their referees to write negative referee reports, high rejection rates may precipitate as less competent referee reports. However, more detailed investigations have to be deferred to subsequent analyses of the data. 5.5 QUESTION 5: “DID THE DECISION OF THE EDITOR MATCH THE REFEREE REPORT?” The responses to this question, summarized in Table 7, suggest that most journals score rather good with respects to the matching of the managing editors’ decisions with the recommendations of the referee reports. Concerning the journals’ rankings, some prestigious journals with, as it seems, high backlogs of manuscripts, such as the American Economic Review, the Journal of Political Economy, the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Public Economics, the Economic Journal, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, and some others, rank in the rear, possibly because of the editors’ zeal to curb the growth of the queues of papers agreed to be published. However, a good match of managing editors’ decisions with the recommendations of the referees need not be a proxy for fair refereeing because referee hostility or incompetence is but insufficiently monitored by the editor. Notwithstanding that referees’ recommendations may be highly contradictory [Cicchetti (1991)], editors tend to reject papers if only one referee recommends rejection irrespective of other referees’ judgments [see, for example, Munley, Sharkin, and Gelso (1988), Marsh and Ball (1989), Bakanic, McPhail, and Simon (1990), Kupfersmid and Wonderly (1994, p.56)]. 5.6 QUESTION 6: “WERE THE REFEREE REPORTS CAREFULLY DONE?” Table 8, which contains the results to this question, shows a less optimistic picture than Table 7. 66 out of 106 journals have scores less than 4. Only 6 out of the 26 journals of the Diamond list (as the Brooking Papers dropped out) score at 4 or better than 4. Many reputed journals are among the 20 last ranks of carefully done referee reports, viz. the European Economic Review, the Oxford Economic Papers, Economics Letters, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, Economica, the Journal of Political Economy, and the Journal of Financial Economics. 5.7 QUESTION 7: “HOW WAS YOUR OVERALL SATISFACTION WITH THE PROCEDURE OF PAPER SUBMISSION TO THE RESPECTIVE JOURNAL?” This question was meant to summarize respondents’ overall satisfaction with the whole procedure of paper submission. The results, arranged in Table 9, are disappointing for the prestigious journals. Out of 106 journals, 36 score at 4 or better, among them only five journals from the Diamond list. Out of the 106 journals, 23 score worse than 3, among them eight journals from the Diamond list, to wit, the European Economic Review, Economica, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the Journal of Labor Economics, the Economic Journal, the Journal of Monetary Economics, the Journal of Financial Economics, and the Journal of Political Economy. 6. SUMMARY OF RESULTS 1. Some journals which pretend to be refereed journals are in fact only semi-refereed journals. 2. The most prestigious journals (e.g., those from the Diamond list) are not the leading ones in the evaluation questions 4-7. 3. The mean spell of reply is about 20 weeks, which is four times longer than for leading journals of, e.g., physics. The most prestigious journals (20 out of the remaining 26 of the Diamond list) need more than 20 weeks for making a decision. 4. 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Pressman, S.(1994), Simultaneous Multiple Journal Submissions: The Case Against, American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53, 316-333. Ross, C. (1982), Rejecting Published Work: Similar Fate for Fiction, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5, 236. Ross, C. (1979), Rejected, New West 4, 39-41. Rowney, J.A., and Zenisek, T.J. (1980), Manuscript Characteristics Influencing Reviewers’ Decisions, Canadian Psychology 21, 17-21. Rushton J.P., and H.L. Roediger (1978), An Evaluation of 80 Psychology Journals based on the Science Citation Index, The American Psychologist 33, 520-23. Shepherd, G. (ed.) (1995), Rejected: Leading Economists Ponder the Publication Process. Thomas Horton and Daughters, Sun Lakes, Arizona. Simon, R., Bakanic, V., and McPhail, C. (1986), Who Complains to Editors and What Happens, Sociological Inquiry 56, 259-271. Skeels, J.W., and R.A. Taylor (1972), The Relative Quality of Economics Journals: An Alternative Rating System, Western Economic Journal 10, 470-73. Speck, B.W. (1993), Publication Peer Review: An Annotated Bibliography, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, Connecticut. Stigler, G.J., S.M. Stigler, and C. Friedland (1995), The Journals of Economics, Journal of Political Economy 103, 331-59. Szenberg, M. (1994), Disseminating Scholarly Output: The Case for Eliminating the Exclusivity of Journal Submissions, American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53, 303-315. Voos, H., and K.S. Dagaev (1976), Are all Citations Equal? Or Did We Op Cit Your Idem?, Journal of Academic Librarianship 6, 19-21. White, M.J., and K.G. White (1977), Citation Analysis of Psychology Journals, The American Psychologist 32, 301-05. Wilson, J.D. (1978), Peer Review and Publication, Journal of Clinical Investigation 61, 16971701. Yankauer, A. (1990), Who are the Peer Reviewers and How Much do they Review?, Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 1338-1340. Yankauer, Y. (1985), Peering at Peer Review, CBE Views 8, 7-10. 8. TABLES Table 1: Frequency of Journal Nomination (Usable Responses to Question 1) No. Rank * ♦ Journal 1 1 * ♦ European Economic Review 2 2 * ♦ Economics Letters 3 3 * ♦ American Economic Review 4 4 * ♦ Quarterly Journal of Economics 5 5 * ♦ Economic Journal 6 6 * ♦ Journal of Public Economics 7 7 * ♦ Econometrica 8 8 * ♦ Journal of Economic Theory 9 9 * ♦ Journal of Political Economy 10 10 * ♦ Review of Economic Studies 11 11 * ♦ International Economic Review 12 12 * European Journal of Political Economy 13 13 * ♦ Review of Economics and Statistics 14 14 * Scandinavian Journal of Economics 15 15 * Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) 16 16 * Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 17 17 * Games and Economic Behavior 18 18 * ♦ Rand Journal of Economics 19 18 * Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 20 19 * ♦ Economica 21 20 * ♦ Journal of International Economics 22 20 * Public Choice 23 21 * Kyklos 24 22 * ♦ Oxford Economic Papers 25 23 * Economic Theory 26 24 * Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 27 25 * Journal of Industrial Economics 28 26 * ♦ Journal of Development Economics 29 27 * Empirical Economics 30 28 * Finanzarchiv 31 29 * ♦ Canadian Journal of Economics 32 30 * Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 33 31 * ♦ Journal of Monetary Economics 34 32 * ♦ Journal of Labor Economics 35 32 * Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 36 33 * Management Science 37 34 * Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 38 34 * Mathematical Social Sciences 39 35 * Journal of Human Resources 40 35 * Journal of Public Economic Theory 41 35 * Social Choice and Welfare 42 36 * International Journal of Game Theory 43 37 * Journal of Finance 44 37 * Theory and Decision 45 38 * Journal of Applied Economics 46 38 * Southern Economic Journal 47 39 * ♦ Economic Inquiry 48 39 * ♦ Journal of Mathematical Economics 49 40 * Journal of Population Economics 50 41 * ♦ Journal of Econometrics 51 41 * Scottish Journal of Political Economy 52 42 * Cambridge Journal of Economics 53 42 * Metroeconomica 54 43 * ♦ Journal of Law and Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All others are contributed journals No. of Responses 216 197 193 137 134 126 113 110 103 102 93 89 84 83 82 79 76 72 72 68 67 67 64 63 62 59 58 52 50 44 43 41 40 38 38 37 36 36 35 35 35 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 27 27 21 21 20 Table 1: Frequency of Journal Nomination (Usable Responses to Question 1) 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 47 48 48 49 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 International Journal of Industrial Organization Journal of Common Market Studies Journal of Economic Psychology Journal of Health Economics Public Finance Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance Journal of Business Journal of Risk and Uncertainty Journal of Urban Economics Review of Income and Wealth Review of International Economics * ♦ Journal of Financial Economics * Australian Economic Papers * ♦ Journal of Economic Literature * Regional Studies Applied Economics * Econometric Theory Journal of Business and Economic Statistics * Public Finance Quarterly International Tax and Public Finance Journal of Macroeconomics * National Tax Journal * Economic Record Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Journal of Economics and Management Strategy Labour Economics Regional Science and Urban Economics Research Policy Academy of Management Journal Economic Modelling German Economic Review Industrial and Labor Relations Review Journal of International Money and Finance Open Economies Review * Pacific Economic Review Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev * Annals of Regional Science Economic Systems Health Economics Journal of Applied Econometrics Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Konjunkturpolitik Ecological Economics Economic Systems Research Empirica Environmental and Resource Economics International Review of Law and Economics Investigaciones Economicas Journal of Banking and Finance * Journal of Consumer Research Journal of International Business Studies Journal of Policy Modelling Journal of Regional Science Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations Spanish Economic Review * * * * * * * * * * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All others are contributed journals 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 15 15 13 13 12 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Table 1: Frequency of Journal Nomination (Usable Responses to Question 1) 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 Applied Economics Letters Bulletin of Economic Research De Economist Economics and Politics International Trade Journal Journal of Economic Integration Journal of Productivity Analysis Kredit und Kapital Review of Economic Design Review of Financial Studies Strategic Management Journal Atlantic Economic Journal * ♦ Brooking Papers on Economic Activity Economic Development and Cultural Change Economic Notes Economics and Philosophy Economics of Education Review Economics of Governance Energy Journal European Journal of Law and Economics European Journal of Operational Research History of Political Economy IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftswissenschaften Journal of African Economies Journal of Applied Social Science Studies (Schmollers Jahrbuch) Journal of Comparative Economics Journal of Economic Growth Journal of Economic Methodology Journal of Economic Surveys Journal of Economics and Business Journal of Evolutionary Economics Management International Review Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik R&D Management Research in Economics Resource and Energy Economics Review of Economic Dynamics Review of Industrial Organization * Urban Studies World Development World Economy Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften Academy of Management Review Annales de Economie et de Statistique Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review British Journal of Industrial Relations Central European Journal of Operations Research Computational Economics Constitutional Political Economy Econometric Reviews Econometrics Journal Economics of Innovation and New Technology Energy Economics European Environment * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All others are contributed journals 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Table 1: Frequency of Journal Nomination (Usable Responses to Question 1) 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 European Journal of Finance European Journal of The History of Economic Thought European Union Politics Fiscal Studies Ifo-Studien International Advances in Economic Research International Game Theory Review International Journal of Technology Management Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft Journal of Business Research Journal of Cultural Economics Journal of Economic Studies Journal of European Integration Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis Journal of Legal Studies Journal of Regulatory Economics Journal of World Business Louvain Economic Review Macroeconomic Dynamics Managerial and Decision Economics Manchester School Mathematics of Operations Research Organization Studies Papers in Regional Science Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance Review of Development Economics Review of Political Economy Revue Economique Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali Administrative Science Quarterly Advances in Human Resource Development Agricultural Economics Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv American Journal of Agricultural Economics American Journal of Economics and Sociology American Journal of Evaluation American Law and Economics Review American Review of Law and Economics Applied Econometrics Applied Economic Letters Applied Financial Economics Berkeley Electronic Journals of Theoretical Economics Business History Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy Climate Policy Cognitive Science Contemporary Economic Policy Die Betriebswirtschaft Economia Economia Internazionale Economia Politica Economics Bulletin Economics of Transition Energy and Environment Energy Policy Environment and Development Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All others are contributed journals 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table 1: Frequency of Journal Nomination (Usable Responses to Question 1) 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Environment and Planning Environmental Management European Accounting Review European Journal of Housing Policy European Journal of Industrial Relations European Review of Agricultural Econoimics Experimental Economics Financial Analysts Journal Financial Management Finnish Economic Papers Giornale Degli Economisti Global Environmental Change History of Economic Ideas Homo Oeconomicus Human Resource Development International Human Resource Development Quarterly Human Resource Development Review IBR (International Business Review?) Industrial and Corporate Change Industrial Labor Relations Review Industrial Relations Información Comercial Española Inquiry Intereconomics International Environmental Agreements International Journal for Sustainable Development International Journal of Finance and Economics International Journal of Forecasting International Journal of Human Resources Management International Journal of Manpower International Journal of Production Economics International Journal of Social Economics International Organization International Review of Applied Economics International Review of Econmics and Finance International Review of Economics and Business Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte Jahrbücher für Wirtschaftswissenschaften Japan and The World Economy Journal of Productivity Analysis Journal of Accounting and Economics Journal of African Finance and Economic Development Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics Journal of Agricultural Economics Journal of Applied Corporate Finance Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences Journal of Business Venturing Journal of Climate Change Journal of Computational Economics Journal of Conflict Resolution Journal of Economic Education Journal of Economic History Journal of Economic Issues Journal of Economics and Finance Journal of Engineering and Technology Management * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All others are contributed journals 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table 1: Frequency of Journal Nomination (Usable Responses to Question 1) 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning Journal of Financial Intermediatio Journal of Financial Markets Journal of Forecasting Journal of Futures Markets Journal of Global Business Journal of Housing Economics Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade Journal of Interdisciplinary History Journal of Internation Development Journal of International Development Journal of International Marketing Journal of Leadership Studies Journal of Management Journal of Management Studies Journal of Marketing Management Journal of Marketing Research Journal of Media Economics Journal of Official Statistics Journal of Operations Management Journal of Organizational Behavior Journal of Risk Research Journal of Small Business Management Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science Journal of The Japanese and International Economies Journal of The Market Research Society Journal of Theoretical Politics Journal of Time Series Analysis Journal of Transport Economics and Policy Journal of World Trade Lateinamerika Archiv Long Range Planning Management International Review Marine Policy Marine Resource Economics Marketing Science Mathematical Finance Mathematiques, Informatiques et Sciences Humaines Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung MittA Multinational Business Review National Institute Economic Review Netnomics Norwegian Journal of Economics Optimal Control Applications and Methods OR Spektrum Organization Science Oxford Review of Economic Policy Population and Development Review Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture Review of International Political Economy Review of Regional Studies Review of Social Economy Riecerche Economice Risk Management and Insurance Review * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All others are contributed journals 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table 1: Frequency of Journal Nomination (Usable Responses to Question 1) 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Sankhya: The Indian Journal of Statistics Scandinavian Journal of Management Simulation & Gaming Singapore International Insurance and Actuarial Journal Small Business Economics Social Science Quarterly Socio-economic Planning Sciences South African Journal of Economics Statistics and Probability Letters Structural Change and Economics Dynamics Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics System Dynamics Review Technological Forecasting and Social Change The American Economist Transport Policy Turkish Studies Wirtschaftsinformatik World Bank Reserch Observer Zagreb Journal of Economics Zeitschrift für Angewandte Umweltforschung Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Zeitschrift für Planung Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftswissenschaften * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All others are contributed journals 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table 2: Residence Countries of Participants Having Responded to Question 1 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Country of Residence Participants Argentina 1 Australia 3 Austria 31 Belgium 19 Brazil 3 Canada 10 Croatia 1 Czech Republic 1 Denmark 16 Finland 3 France 28 Germany 167 Greece 1 Hong Kong, China 1 Iceland 1 Ireland 2 Israel 9 Italy 33 Japan 3 Korea 1 Madagascar 1 Netherlands 21 New Zealand 1 Nigeria 1 Norway 13 Poland 2 Portugal 9 Romania 2 Spain 38 Sweden 16 Switzerland 27 Tunisia 1 Turkey 5 United Kingdom 44 USA 113 no identification 2 Sum 630 Table 3: Responses to Question 1 (in weeks) "After Submission of your paper, how long did it take on average to get a reply other than just a confirmation that your paper had been received?" No. Rank * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 30 * * * ♦ Journal ♦ Quarterly Journal of Economics ♦ * * * ♦ * * * * ♦ * * * * ♦ * * * * Economic Systems Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance Kyklos Journal of Financial Economics Economic Systems Research Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev. National Tax Journal Spanish Economic Review Journal of Finance Journal of Law and Economics Konjunkturpolitik Health Economics Finanzarchiv Journal of Banking and Finance Journal of Common Market Studies Journal of Consumer Research Journal of Economic Literature Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Regional Science and Urban Economics Journal of Health Economics Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Economics Letters Academy of Management Journal Annals of Regional Science Review of Income and Wealth Australian Economic Papers Industrial and Labor Relations Review Journal of Business Ecological Economics Journal of Regional Science Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals n Mean Median Stddev. 137 6 15 64 12 5 7 9 5 32 20 6 6 44 5 17 5 11 8 8 16 82 72 197 7 6 13 11 7 15 5 5 6 0.613 8.667 9.267 10.063 11.000 11.200 11.286 11.333 11.600 12.438 12.550 12.667 13.167 13.245 13.600 13.882 14.000 14.000 14.125 14.125 14.563 14.579 14.708 14.774 14.857 15.333 15.385 15.636 15.714 15.733 16.000 16.000 16.167 0 9 8 8 9 12 8 10 8 12 10 11 8 12 10 12 12 10 13.5 8 10 12 12 12 8 12 12 15 15 15 16 13 17.5 3.699 3.204 7.116 8.317 9.468 8.319 11.884 6.519 8.050 8.044 8.817 7.967 12.007 7.263 10.262 10.167 12.708 10.583 7.511 14.808 13.919 11.582 13.733 10.700 15.657 12.061 10.767 7.514 6.601 12.401 6.164 7.450 8.060 Table 3: Responses to Question 1 (in weeks) "After Submission of your paper, how long did it take on average to get a reply other than just a confirmation that your paper had been received?" 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * ♦ * * * * * ♦ * ♦ ♦ Public Choice Scottish Journal of Political Economy Journal of International Business Studies Journal of Economic Psychology Open Economies Review Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics Metroeconomica Journal of Urban Economics Mathematical Social Sciences Cambridge Journal of Economics Journal of Risk and Uncertainty Economic Record Econometric Theory Journal of Macroeconomics Economic Inquiry Southern Economic Journal Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking Journal of Human Resources Research Policy Scandinavian Journal of Economics Management Science Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Canadian Journal of Economics European Journal of Political Economy Journal of International Money and Finance Empirica Economic Theory Economic Modelling Review of Economics and Statistics Pacific Economic Review Oxford Economic Papers Journal of Industrial Economics International Tax and Public Finance Economic Journal * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals 67 27 5 17 6 59 21 15 36 21 15 8 10 9 30 31 36 35 8 83 37 38 6 43 89 7 5 62 7 84 7 63 58 9 134 16.194 16.333 16.400 16.471 16.500 16.763 17.143 17.467 17.556 17.667 17.867 17.875 18.100 18.333 18.567 18.645 18.667 19.286 19.750 19.981 20.027 20.105 20.333 20.581 20.652 21.143 21.200 21.224 21.286 21.357 21.429 21.476 21.500 21.556 21.583 12 15 12 12 18.5 16 16 12 16 10 16 14 17.5 15 15.5 15 17 15 20 17 15 22 20 20 18 25 14 16 16 20 15 20 19 10 20 14.329 11.486 13.740 14.608 9.566 10.202 12.146 14.476 11.180 16.575 13.580 16.643 9.574 9.028 13.374 14.527 11.878 14.064 9.362 12.407 17.139 11.079 2.658 11.885 17.245 10.653 17.697 19.646 24.743 13.987 20.558 14.001 16.102 22.661 13.544 Table 3: Responses to Question 1 (in weeks) "After Submission of your paper, how long did it take on average to get a reply other than just a confirmation that your paper had been received?" 69 66 * 70 67 * 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 * * * * 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 * 86 83 * 87 88 89 90 91 84 85 86 87 88 * * * * * ♦ American Economic Review ♦ Journal of Public Economics ♦ Econometrica ♦ * * * * 193 21.637 20 15.832 126 21.664 20 11.914 Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control Journal of Population Economics Regional Studies Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Journal of Economics and Management Strategy Journal of Public Economic Theory Economica 113 41 29 11 10 8 35 68 22.044 22.073 22.103 22.273 22.400 23.000 23.143 23.207 20 16 20 20 27 21 20 20 14.567 18.253 12.896 13.335 13.426 12.604 12.367 14.208 Empirical Economics Theory and Decision International Journal of Industrial Organization Journal of Applied Econometrics Social Choice and Welfare International Review of Law and Economics Journal of Econometrics 50 32 18 6 35 5 27 23.220 23.250 23.444 23.500 23.714 24.400 24.444 20 18 20 18.5 20 16 20 17.817 19.429 14.288 16.873 16.502 17.111 16.787 72 24.492 22 16.138 216 79 67 8 38 25.080 25.114 25.136 25.375 25.789 24 20 24 26 20 16.658 19.295 13.202 13.212 17.664 110 76 103 5 93 7 102 5 30 13 25.855 26.224 26.768 27.600 27.784 28.286 28.328 29.000 29.067 29.923 23.5 25.5 20 24 25 18 25 25 22 29 17.001 16.231 21.279 15.126 15.199 22.699 17.720 13.304 29.700 14.251 ♦ ♦ Rand Journal of Economics ♦ European Economic Review ♦ Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Journal of International Economics Labour Economics Journal of Labor Economics ♦ ♦ Journal of Economic Theory 92 89 * 93 90 * Games and Economic Behavior 94 91 * ♦ Journal of Political Economy 95 92 Investigaciones Economicas 96 93 * ♦ International Economic Review 97 94 German Economic Review 98 95 * ♦ Review of Economic Studies 99 96 Environmental and Resource Economics 100 97 * ♦ Journal of Mathematical Economics 101 98 Review of International Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Table 3: Responses to Question 1 (in weeks) "After Submission of your paper, how long did it take on average to get a reply other than just a confirmation that your paper had been received?" 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 * * * * * * Public Finance Quarterly ♦ Journal of Development Economics International Journal of Game Theory ♦ Journal of Monetary Economics Applied Economics Journal of Applied Economics Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations Journal of Policy Modelling Public Finance * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals 10 52 33 40 10 31 5 5 16 31.700 32.473 33.758 36.650 38.200 38.484 56.800 59.200 61.500 22.5 25.5 25 25.5 24 40 10 48 40.5 25.206 24.289 30.346 30.806 27.316 28.350 64.084 40.536 71.018 Table 4: Responses to Question 2 "How many referee reports did you receive on average?" No. Rank 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 9 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 11 15 12 16 13 17 14 18 15 19 16 20 17 21 18 22 18 23 18 24 18 25 19 26 20 27 20 28 21 * ♦ Journal * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ ♦ Journal of Regional Science Academy of Management Journal Journal of International Business Studies Industrial and Labor Relations Review Ecological Economics Research Policy Management Science Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Environmental and Resource Economics Journal of Consumer Research Economic Systems Health Economics Konjunkturpolitik Journal of Health Economics Journal of Urban Economics Econometrica(***) International Tax and Public Finance Cambridge Journal of Economics Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control Economic Inquiry Economic Record Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance Investigaciones Economicas Spanish Economic Review Scandinavian Journal of Economics International Journal of Industrial Organization Journal of Econometrics ♦ ♦ Journal of Economic Literature ♦ Journal of International Economics 29 21 * 30 22 Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 31 22 * Public Finance Quarterly 32 23 * ♦ Economic Journal 33 24 * Journal of Population Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals n 5 7 5 7 5 8 36 6 5 5 6 6 6 13 14 111 9 21 38 28 7 13 5 5 78 18 27 Mean 3.000 2.857 2.800 2.429 2.400 2.375 2.361 2.333 2.200 2.200 2.167 2.167 2.167 2.154 2.143 2.120 2.111 2.095 2.079 2.036 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 1.949 1.944 1.944 Median 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Stddev. 0.000 0.378 0.447 0.535 0.548 0.518 0.875 0.516 0.837 1.304 0.753 0.408 0.408 0.966 0.535 0.799 1.054 0.875 0.882 0.429 0.816 0.913 0.000 0.000 0.507 0.416 0.738 11 1.909 2 1.578 66 10 10 128 28 1.909 1.900 1.900 1.898 1.893 2 2 2 2 2 0.481 1.101 0.316 0.780 0.629 Table 4: Responses to Question 2 "How many referee reports did you receive on average?" 34 35 25 26 * * 36 27 * 37 28 * 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 40 41 42 * * 55 56 57 58 43 43 43 44 * 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 51 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ European Journal of Political Economy International Economic Review 85 89 1.888 1.885 2 2 0.599 0.882 Journal of Public Economics 125 1.884 2 0.536 European Economic Review 206 1.884 2 0.613 Review of Economic Studies Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) Journal of Economics and Management Strategy Labour Economics Journal of Industrial Economics American Economic Review Social Choice and Welfare Journal of Development Economics Journal of Economic Psychology Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics Journal of Public Economic Theory Empirical Economics Economic Systems Research International Review of Law and Economics Journal of Banking and Finance Econometric Theory Economica 98 79 8 8 54 188 34 50 16 53 31 49 5 5 5 9 63 1.881 1.880 1.875 1.875 1.861 1.853 1.824 1.820 1.813 1.811 1.806 1.802 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.778 1.754 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.663 0.642 0.354 0.641 0.586 0.750 0.706 0.560 0.544 0.709 0.477 0.532 0.447 1.095 0.837 0.441 0.602 Regional Science and Urban Economics Regional Studies Canadian Journal of Economics 60 8 10 39 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.744 2 2 2 2 0.661 0.886 0.717 0.549 Journal of International Money and Finance Games and Economic Behavior Journal of Economic Theory Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking Mathematical Social Sciences Journal of Macroeconomics National Tax Journal 79 7 73 107 34 35 9 9 1.728 1.714 1.705 1.704 1.691 1.686 1.667 1.667 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.702 0.488 0.564 0.718 0.603 0.728 0.500 0.707 ♦ ♦ Oxford Economic Papers ♦ ♦ Review of Economics and Statistics ♦ * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Table 4: Responses to Question 2 "How many referee reports did you receive on average?" 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 60 61 62 63 63 64 65 65 65 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 * * * * * * * ♦ Rand Journal of Economics * * * * * ♦ ♦ ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ ♦ * * * ♦ Journal of Human Resources Metroeconomica Journal of Law and Economics Journal of Risk and Uncertainty International Journal of Game Theory Finanzarchiv Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Journal of Labor Economics Annals of Regional Science Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Journal of Mathematical Economics Review of Income and Wealth German Economic Review Journal of Business Southern Economic Journal Journal of Applied Econometrics Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Open Economies Review Pacific Economic Review Journal of Applied Economics Scottish Journal of Political Economy Journal of Monetary Economics Public Choice Journal of Political Economy Economic Theory(***) Theory and Decision(***) Journal of Finance Empirica Journal of Common Market Studies Australian Economic Papers Review of International Economics Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev. Quarterly Journal of Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals 69 32 20 17 14 33 42 8 35 5 75 28 12 7 14 27 6 6 6 6 27 25 39 66 97 58 29 31 5 16 11 13 7 129 1.667 1.656 1.650 1.647 1.643 1.636 1.626 1.625 1.614 1.600 1.600 1.589 1.583 1.571 1.571 1.556 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.481 1.480 1.462 1.424 1.423 1.419 1.414 1.403 1.400 1.375 1.364 1.308 1.286 1.252 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.700 0.865 0.813 0.786 0.633 0.641 0.489 0.744 0.595 0.548 0.731 0.828 0.669 0.535 1.016 0.641 1.049 0.837 0.548 0.548 0.802 0.653 0.720 0.609 0.592 0.622 0.733 0.554 0.548 0.806 0.505 0.480 0.756 0.820 Table 4: Responses to Question 2 "How many referee reports did you receive on average?" 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 80 81 82 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 * * * * * * Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv ♦ Journal of Financial Economics ♦ Applied Economics Journal of Policy Modelling Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics Public Finance Kyklos Economics Letters Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations Economic Modelling (***) Modification to compute average correctly * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals 66 11 10 5 36 16 61 187 5 7 1.250 1.227 1.200 1.200 1.194 1.156 1.107 0.860 0.800 0.714 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.556 0.518 0.422 1.304 0.856 0.625 0.759 0.550 0.447 0.488 Table 5: Responses to Question 3 "How many papers did you submit to this journal and how many papers were accepted?" Individual Acceptance Rates Empirica Konjunkturpolitik Economic Systems Research Health Economics Metroeconomica Journal of Policy Modelling Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev. Applied Economics Journal of Mathematical Economics Economic Modelling Pacific Economic Review Research Policy Australian Economic Papers Journal of Banking and Finance Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik German Economic Review Open Economies Review Public Finance Quarterly n 5 6 5 6 19 5 5 10 26 7 6 7 10 5 8 7 6 10 Total of Papers submitted 13 7 13 8 30 7 6 17 52 8 6 18 15 5 14 10 8 12 Total of Papers accepted 13 7 12 7 28 6 5 15 48 7 5 15 12 4 11 6 6 9 Journal of Population Economics Review of International Economics Finanzarchiv 24 13 41 36 16 77 34 7 5 5 44 8 25 11 ♦ Journal No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Rank 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 13 13 * 19 20 21 14 15 16 * 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 * * Social Choice and Welfare Journal of International Money and Finance Economic Systems Investigaciones Economicas Empirical Economics International Tax and Public Finance Journal of Applied Economics 29 23 * Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance * * * * * * * ♦ * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Mean Median Stddev. 1.000 1.000 0.960 0.944 0.930 0.900 0.900 0.867 0.865 0.857 0.833 0.833 0.800 0.800 0.788 0.786 0.750 0.750 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.089 0.136 0.238 0.224 0.224 0.322 0.333 0.378 0.408 0.373 0.422 0.447 0.364 0.393 0.418 0.425 25 12 58 0.743 0.731 0.729 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.399 0.439 0.381 67 10 10 10 62 9 36 53 8 8 6 46 6 27 0.721 0.714 0.700 0.700 0.693 0.688 0.687 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.408 0.488 0.447 0.274 0.443 0.458 0.452 13 8 0.682 1.000 0.462 Table 5: Responses to Question 3 "How many papers did you submit to this journal and how many papers were accepted?" 30 24 * 31 25 * 32 26 33 34 35 36 37 ♦ Economic Inquiry 23 38 25 0.681 1.000 0.389 Theory and Decision 26 39 26 0.673 1.000 0.426 * Journal of Economic Psychology 14 20 13 0.667 1.000 0.453 27 * Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) 75 129 84 0.658 1.000 0.431 28 * Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 52 81 57 0.656 1.000 0.444 29 30 31 * Industrial and Labor Relations Review Journal of Macroeconomics Journal of Econometrics 7 9 24 9 13 63 5 8 47 0.643 0.639 0.636 1.000 1.000 0.850 0.476 0.486 0.440 38 32 * Review of Income and Wealth 12 16 11 0.625 1.000 0.483 39 33 * Mathematical Social Sciences 33 59 39 0.623 1.000 0.452 40 34 * Econometric Theory 9 14 10 0.611 1.000 0.486 41 35 * European Journal of Political Economy 82 107 65 0.608 1.000 0.467 42 43 44 36 37 38 * * Journal of Urban Economics Spanish Economic Review Public Finance 13 5 15 21 7 22 15 5 13 0.603 0.600 0.589 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.498 0.548 0.475 45 38 * Regional Studies 9 15 9 0.589 0.800 0.470 46 39 * Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 37 48 30 0.581 1.000 0.464 47 48 49 50 51 40 41 42 43 44 * * Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Journal of International Business Studies Journal of Risk and Uncertainty Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Economic Theory 73 5 13 9 56 114 17 30 11 87 66 9 16 6 50 0.561 0.558 0.558 0.556 0.542 0.750 0.500 0.667 1.000 0.500 0.470 0.276 0.463 0.527 0.449 52 45 * Public Choice 61 100 57 0.537 0.571 0.462 53 46 * Economic Record 7 20 8 0.518 0.625 0.502 54 55 56 57 58 47 48 48 48 48 * Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv International Review of Law and Economics Journal of Economics and Management Strategy Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization National Tax Journal 62 5 7 6 9 110 12 9 9 11 61 8 4 4 6 0.513 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.455 0.500 0.500 0.447 0.500 59 49 * 174 331 184 0.498 0.500 0.441 31 35 17 0.484 0.500 0.491 * * ♦ ♦ Economics Letters 60 50 * Journal of Public Economic Theory * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Table 5: Responses to Question 3 "How many papers did you submit to this journal and how many papers were accepted?" 61 51 * 62 52 * 63 53 * 64 54 * 65 55 * 66 67 68 69 70 56 57 58 59 60 * 71 Cambridge Journal of Economics 20 38 19 0.473 0.350 0.481 16 25 14 0.469 0.250 0.499 22 30 14 0.466 0.125 0.502 38 54 27 0.447 0.250 0.476 9 14 4 0.444 0.000 0.527 * Management Science Ecological Economics Games and Economic Behavior Regional Science and Urban Economics Scandinavian Journal of Economics 34 5 70 7 76 64 10 133 8 102 29 5 69 4 42 0.440 0.433 0.429 0.429 0.428 0.313 0.500 0.333 0.000 0.167 0.463 0.435 0.430 0.535 0.461 61 * International Journal of Game Theory 31 66 32 0.426 0.444 0.436 72 62 * Southern Economic Journal 23 43 14 0.424 0.000 0.485 73 63 * 56 74 64 * 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 65 65 66 67 68 68 69 * 82 70 83 ♦ Journal of Law and Economics Scottish Journal of Political Economy ♦ Canadian Journal of Economics ♦ Journal of Economic Literature * ♦ Economica 81 34 0.421 0.000 0.465 Journal of Human Resources Annals of Regional Science Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations International Journal of Industrial Organization Journal of Development Economics Academy of Management Journal Labour Economics Review of Economics and Statistics 30 37 15 0.417 0.000 0.493 5 5 17 45 6 8 75 7 5 40 74 17 10 118 3 2 17 27 7 4 50 0.400 0.400 0.387 0.383 0.375 0.375 0.362 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.125 0.250 0.000 0.418 0.548 0.354 0.439 0.494 0.443 0.437 * Kyklos 57 80 33 0.355 0.000 0.458 71 * Journal of Business 14 19 8 0.345 0.000 0.455 84 72 * Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 32 46 19 0.341 0.000 0.459 85 73 * Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 33 43 17 0.338 0.000 0.448 86 74 * Journal of Public Economics 118 234 93 0.338 0.000 0.404 87 75 * International Economic Review 83 125 47 0.321 0.000 0.440 88 76 * Journal of Economic Theory 103 273 121 0.315 0.000 0.369 89 77 * European Economic Review 193 326 116 0.314 0.000 0.409 90 78 * Oxford Economic Papers 53 77 24 0.313 0.000 0.431 * ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Table 5: Responses to Question 3 "How many papers did you submit to this journal and how many papers were accepted?" 91 79 * ♦ Journal of Financial Economics 11 17 5 0.303 0.000 0.400 92 80 * Journal of Industrial Economics 48 77 25 0.295 0.000 0.389 93 81 * 34 44 13 0.285 0.000 0.409 94 82 ♦ Journal of Monetary Economics * ♦ Economic Journal 118 197 65 0.269 0.000 0.412 95 83 * 15 15 4 0.267 0.000 0.458 96 84 * 59 94 29 0.255 0.000 0.381 97 98 99 85 86 87 108 8 137 26 2 39 0.228 0.222 0.221 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.383 0.404 0.379 100 88 ♦ * ♦ Econometrica 65 6 87 103 231 64 0.202 0.000 0.313 101 89 * Journal of Health Economics 12 20 5 0.194 0.000 0.324 102 90 * 32 45 10 0.190 0.000 0.351 103 91 176 333 65 0.168 0.000 0.327 104 105 106 92 93 93 ♦ Journal of Labor Economics * ♦ American Economic Review * ♦ Journal of Political Economy 89 5 30 145 7 36 28 1 3 0.149 0.100 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.326 0.224 0.305 107 94 117 196 19 0.071 0.000 0.211 Journal of Common Market Studies ♦ Journal of International Economics * ♦ Rand Journal of Economics * * * Journal of Applied Econometrics Review of Economic Studies Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Journal of Finance ♦ Quarterly Journal of Economics Dropped-out Journals: Journal of Consumer Research Environmental and Resource Economics Journal of Regional Science * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals n=4 n=4 n=4 Table 6: Responses to Question 4 "Were the referee reports competent?" No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rank * ♦ Journal 1 Journal of International Business Studies 2 Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 3 Health Economics 4 Academy of Management Journal 4 Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 5 International Tax and Public Finance 6 Economic Systems Research 6 Empirica 7 * Econometric Theory ♦ Journal of Economic Literature n 5 7 6 6 9 8 5 5 9 Mean 5.000 4.857 4.833 4.667 4.667 4.625 4.600 4.600 4.556 Median 5 5 5 5.5 5 5 5 5 5 Stddev. 0.000 0.900 1.169 1.966 1.118 1.768 0.894 0.894 1.878 7 4.429 5 1.902 10 8 * 11 9 * Mathematical Social Sciences 31 4.387 5 1.498 12 10 * Social Choice and Welfare 33 4.364 5 1.319 13 11 * 23 4.304 5 1.550 14 12 ♦ Economic Inquiry * ♦ Econometrica 98 4.296 5 1.906 15 13 * 17 4.294 4 1.047 16 14 * 24 4.292 5 1.429 17 15 ♦ Journal of Econometrics * ♦ Journal of Mathematical Economics 23 4.261 4 1.356 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 16 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 22 Economic Systems Investigaciones Economicas Industrial and Labor Relations Review Journal of International Money and Finance * Journal of Public Economic Theory * Journal of Risk and Uncertainty * ♦ Review of Economic Studies * Games and Economic Behavior * Australian Economic Papers Ecological Economics Journal of Banking and Finance 5 5 7 7 30 11 84 70 10 5 5 4.200 4.200 4.143 4.143 4.133 4.091 4.083 4.057 4.000 4.000 4.000 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4.5 4 4 5 1.924 1.483 1.345 1.345 1.137 1.700 1.416 1.693 1.054 1.581 1.414 29 22 * 15 4.000 5 1.732 30 22 7 4.000 4 1.528 Metroeconomica ♦ Journal of Law and Economics Regional Science and Urban Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0 = very incompetent, 6 = very competent Table 6: Responses to Question 4 "Were the referee reports competent?" 31 22 Research Policy 7 4.000 5 2.236 32 23 * Economic Theory 55 3.982 4 1.521 33 24 * Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 35 3.943 4 1.589 34 35 36 37 38 39 25 26 27 28 29 30 * Journal of Urban Economics Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik * ♦ American Economic Review Journal of Applied Econometrics * Finanzarchiv * Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 13 8 171 6 38 50 3.923 3.875 3.860 3.833 3.816 3.780 4 4 4 4 4 4 1.038 1.458 1.709 1.722 1.430 1.389 40 41 42 31 31 31 * * Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance Journal of Macroeconomics Review of Economics and Statistics 9 9 72 3.778 3.778 3.778 4 4 4 1.202 1.202 1.558 43 32 * Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) 71 3.775 4 1.466 44 33 * 30 3.767 4 1.382 45 34 99 3.758 4 1.768 46 35 Labour Economics 8 3.750 4.5 2.252 International Journal of Game Theory 30 3.733 4 1.701 58 3.690 4 1.667 ♦ Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Journal of Human Resources International Economic Review 58 25 76 3.690 3.680 3.671 4 4 4 1.501 1.600 1.636 ♦ Journal of Industrial Economics Journal of Population Economics Journal of Public Economics 47 23 117 3.660 3.652 3.641 4 4 4 1.403 1.526 1.573 ♦ ♦ Journal of Labor Economics * ♦ Journal of Economic Theory 47 36 * 48 37 * 49 50 51 37 38 39 * * * 52 53 54 40 41 42 * * * 55 43 * Management Science 33 3.636 4 1.729 56 44 * Empirical Economics 43 3.605 4 1.620 57 45 International Review of Law and Economics 5 3.600 4 2.074 58 46 * Review of Income and Wealth 12 3.583 4 1.621 59 47 * European Journal of Political Economy 80 3.563 4 1.621 60 48 * Regional Studies 9 3.556 4 1.740 129 3.550 4 1.807 ♦ Rand Journal of Economics 61 49 * ♦ Economics Letters * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0 = very incompetent, 6 = very competent Table 6: Responses to Question 4 "Were the referee reports competent?" 62 50 * 63 51 * 64 52 * 65 53 * 66 67 68 69 70 54 55 56 56 57 * * 71 58 72 59 * 73 60 * 74 75 76 61 61 61 * 77 78 79 80 81 62 63 64 65 66 82 ♦ Canadian Journal of Economics 37 3.514 3 1.426 Journal of Economic Psychology 14 3.500 4 1.454 ♦ Journal of International Economics 59 3.475 4 1.546 National Tax Journal 9 3.444 3 2.007 Kyklos Theory and Decision German Economic Review Journal of Applied Economics Quarterly Journal of Economics 43 25 7 21 91 3.442 3.440 3.429 3.429 3.418 3 4 4 3 4 1.548 1.583 1.718 1.690 1.904 Spanish Economic Review 5 3.400 4 2.074 113 3.398 4 1.714 Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 69 3.391 4 1.638 Journal of Health Economics Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Open Economies Review 12 6 6 3.333 3.333 3.333 4 3.5 3.5 1.875 1.862 2.160 Review of International Economics * ♦ Journal of Monetary Economics * Public Choice * ♦ European Economic Review * Journal of Finance 13 34 58 186 29 3.308 3.294 3.276 3.263 3.241 3 3.5 3 3 3 1.109 1.915 1.684 1.556 1.704 67 * Scottish Journal of Political Economy 22 3.227 3.5 1.798 83 68 * Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 23 3.217 3 1.757 84 69 * Scandinavian Journal of Economics 73 3.205 3 1.683 85 86 87 88 89 90 70 71 72 73 74 75 * * * Journal of Environmental Economics and Management International Journal of Industrial Organization Konjunkturpolitik Journal of Development Economics Journal of Common Market Studies Economica 5 17 6 43 13 56 3.200 3.176 3.167 3.163 3.154 3.107 4 4 4 4 3 3.5 2.168 1.811 2.229 1.731 1.864 1.755 91 76 50 3.060 3 1.823 20 3.050 3 1.572 * * ♦ ♦ Economic Journal ♦ ♦ * ♦ Oxford Economic Papers 92 77 * Cambridge Journal of Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0 = very incompetent, 6 = very competent Table 6: Responses to Question 4 "Were the referee reports competent?" 93 78 * Pacific Economic Review 6 3.000 3 0.894 94 95 96 78 79 80 * * * Southern Economic Journal Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking Journal of Political Economy 22 31 88 3.000 2.968 2.886 2.5 3 3 1.952 1.703 1.908 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 81 82 83 84 85 86 86 * Public Finance Quarterly * Journal of Business * ♦ Journal of Financial Economics * Economic Record * Public Finance Applied Economics Journal of Policy Modelling 10 12 11 7 13 10 5 2.800 2.500 2.455 2.429 2.308 2.200 2.200 3 3 3 3 2 2.5 2 1.932 1.446 2.018 1.813 2.016 1.619 1.924 104 105 106 86 87 88 5 7 5 2.200 1.857 1.800 3 1 1 1.643 2.545 1.643 ♦ Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations Economic Modelling Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev. Dropped-out Journals: Journal of Consumer Research Environmental and Resource Economics Journal of Regional Science Annals of Regional Science * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals n=3 n=4 n=4 n=4 Likert-Scale: 0 = very incompetent, 6 = very competent Table 7: Responses to Question 5 "Did the decision of the editor match the referee report?" No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rank * ♦ Journal 1 Empirica 2 Health Economics 3 Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 4 Industrial and Labor Relations Review 5 * Review of Income and Wealth 6 Spanish Economic Review 7 * ♦ Journal of Mathematical Economics n 5 6 5 7 12 5 23 Mean 5.800 5.667 5.600 5.571 5.500 5.400 5.391 Median 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 Stddev. 0.447 0.516 0.548 0.787 0.798 0.548 1.305 8 8 * Metroeconomica 16 5.375 6 0.806 9 9 * ♦ Economics Letters 125 5.360 6 1.132 10 10 * Games and Economic Behavior 68 5.353 6 0.974 11 11 * Econometric Theory 9 5.333 5 0.707 12 12 * Public Finance Quarterly 10 5.300 5.5 0.949 13 13 * 14 15 16 14 15 16 * 17 18 19 20 ♦ Journal of Law and Economics 15 5.267 5 0.799 * International Journal of Game Theory Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Social Choice and Welfare 29 9 32 5.241 5.222 5.219 6 5 5 1.123 0.972 1.184 17 * Journal of Public Economic Theory 30 5.200 5 0.847 18 18 19 * Economic Theory Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Kyklos 54 6 42 5.167 5.167 5.143 6 5.5 5.5 1.424 0.983 1.221 * 21 20 * Journal of Population Economics 23 5.130 5 1.100 22 23 24 21 22 23 * Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) Applied Economics Journal of Economic Theory 69 10 96 5.116 5.100 5.094 6 5 5 1.378 0.994 1.161 25 24 * Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 56 5.054 5.5 1.367 26 25 * Mathematical Social Sciences 29 5.034 6 1.546 27 26 * Public Choice 57 5.018 5 1.232 28 27 * Australian Economic Papers 9 5.000 5 1.000 29 27 * ♦ Canadian Journal of Economics 37 5.000 6 1.333 * ♦ * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert Scale: 0= totally contrary with referee reports, 6= totally in line with referee reports Table 7: Responses to Question 5 "Did the decision of the editor match the referee report?" 30 31 32 33 34 27 27 27 27 27 * German Economic Review International Tax and Public Finance Investigaciones Economicas Journal of Applied Econometrics Journal of Applied Economics 7 8 5 6 21 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5 5 5 5.5 5 1.155 1.069 1.225 1.265 1.049 35 27 * Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 30 5.000 5 1.232 36 27 * Journal of Urban Economics 13 5.000 5 1.225 37 28 * Finanzarchiv 38 4.974 5 1.197 38 29 * 23 4.957 6 1.745 39 30 * Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 23 4.957 5 1.186 40 31 * Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 34 4.941 6 1.613 41 32 * 33 4.939 5 1.413 42 33 * Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 49 4.939 5 1.281 43 44 45 34 35 35 * * Scottish Journal of Political Economy Journal of Macroeconomics Regional Studies 21 9 9 4.905 4.889 4.889 6 5 5 1.640 0.928 0.782 46 36 * Theory and Decision 47 37 * 48 ♦ Economic Inquiry ♦ Journal of Monetary Economics 25 4.880 5 1.641 95 4.874 5 1.362 38 ♦ Econometrica * ♦ International Economic Review 70 4.871 5 1.413 49 39 * Southern Economic Journal 22 4.864 5 1.356 50 40 * ♦ Journal of Economic Literature 7 4.857 5 1.069 51 41 * Public Finance 13 4.846 5 1.281 52 42 * Empirical Economics 42 4.833 5 1.413 53 42 * Pacific Economic Review 6 4.833 5.5 1.472 54 43 * Journal of Industrial Economics 46 4.826 5 1.141 55 56 57 44 45 46 * * Management Science Economic Systems Research European Journal of Political Economy 31 5 77 4.806 4.800 4.727 5 4 5 1.579 1.095 1.544 58 46 * Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 11 4.727 5 1.272 59 47 * 81 4.716 5 1.575 ♦ Review of Economic Studies * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert Scale: 0= totally contrary with referee reports, 6= totally in line with referee reports Table 7: Responses to Question 5 "Did the decision of the editor match the referee report?" 60 61 62 63 64 48 48 48 49 50 * Economic Record Journal of Economics and Management Strategy Research Policy Review of International Economics European Economic Review 7 7 7 13 182 4.714 4.714 4.714 4.692 4.676 5 5 5 5 5 1.799 1.113 1.113 1.750 1.398 65 51 ♦ * ♦ Journal of Development Economics 42 4.667 5 1.426 66 52 * Journal of Economic Psychology 14 4.643 5 1.277 67 53 * Scandinavian Journal of Economics 72 4.639 5 1.513 68 54 * 69 55 * 22 4.636 5 1.399 30 4.633 5 1.650 70 56 * 19 4.632 5 1.892 71 57 * 51 4.627 5 1.483 72 73 74 75 76 58 59 59 59 60 * 67 5 5 5 56 4.612 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.589 5 4 5 6 5 1.604 1.342 1.517 2.608 1.372 77 61 ♦ * ♦ Journal of International Economics 57 4.561 5 1.376 78 62 * 79 63 * Journal of Health Economics 11 4.545 5 1.753 Journal of Finance 28 4.536 5 1.666 80 64 * Journal of Common Market Studies 12 4.500 5 1.784 81 65 * American Economic Review 167 4.491 5 1.613 Journal of Political Economy 85 4.471 5 1.715 68 ♦ * ♦ * ♦ * ♦ 82 66 83 67 84 85 69 * 86 70 * 87 71 * * ♦ Journal of Econometrics ♦ Journal of Labor Economics Cambridge Journal of Economics ♦ Economica Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Ecological Economics Journal of Banking and Finance Journal of Policy Modelling Rand Journal of Economics * Review of Economics and Statistics 68 4.456 5 1.597 Journal of Public Economics 112 4.446 5 1.524 National Tax Journal 9 4.444 5 2.068 Journal of Business 12 4.417 5.5 2.021 108 4.380 5 1.722 ♦ Economic Journal 88 72 * Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance 8 4.375 5 89 72 Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 8 4.375 4 90 73 Academy of Management Journal 6 4.333 4.5 * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List Likert Scale: 0= totally contrary with referee reports, 6= totally in line with referee reports All Others: Contributed Journals 1.923 1.302 1.862 Table 7: Responses to Question 5 "Did the decision of the editor match the referee report?" 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 73 74 75 76 77 77 78 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 79 80 81 82 83 83 84 85 86 Konjunkturpolitik 6 48 7 11 5 5 25 4.333 4.313 4.286 4.273 4.200 4.200 4.080 4.5 5 4 5 5 6 5 1.366 1.800 1.704 2.102 1.789 2.683 2.197 Labour Economics International Journal of Industrial Organization Regional Science and Urban Economics Journal of International Business Studies Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations Open Economies Review Economic Modelling Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev. 89 8 17 7 5 5 6 7 5 4.079 4.000 3.941 3.857 3.800 3.800 3.500 3.429 2.800 5 5 4 5 4 6 4.5 4 2 2.018 2.138 1.919 2.035 1.643 3.033 2.811 2.573 2.588 Dropped-out Journals: Journal of Consumer Research Environmental and Resource Economics Journal of Regional Science Annals of Regional Science n=3 n=4 n=4 n=4 * ♦ Oxford Economic Papers * ♦ Journal of Financial Economics Journal of International Money and Finance * * Economic Systems International Review of Law and Economics Journal of Human Resources ♦ Quarterly Journal of Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert Scale: 0= totally contrary with referee reports, 6= totally in line with referee reports Table 8: Responses to Question 6 "Were the referee reports carefully done?" * ♦ Journal Academy of Management Journal Health Economics * Econometric Theory Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Journal of Economics and Management Strategy International Tax and Public Finance Empirica * Regional Studies Research Policy Economic Systems Research Journal of Banking and Finance * ♦ Journal of Mathematical Economics n 6 6 9 9 7 8 5 9 7 5 5 22 Mean 5.167 5.000 4.889 4.778 4.714 4.625 4.600 4.444 4.429 4.400 4.400 4.364 Median 5.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 Stddev. 1.169 0.894 1.364 0.972 0.756 1.302 1.140 1.130 2.070 1.949 1.342 1.529 12 * Mathematical Social Sciences 29 4.345 5 1.518 13 * Journal of Public Economic Theory 29 4.310 5 1.285 15 16 17 18 14 15 15 16 * Social Choice and Welfare Industrial and Labor Relations Review Journal of International Money and Finance Journal of Urban Economics 31 7 7 13 4.290 4.286 4.286 4.231 5 5 4 4 1.575 1.380 1.496 1.481 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 18 18 18 18 19 * * Ecological Economics Economic Systems Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Journal of International Business Studies Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 93 5 5 5 5 49 4.226 4.200 4.200 4.200 4.200 4.163 5 4 4 5 4 5 1.883 1.304 1.483 1.643 1.483 1.463 25 20 * Finanzarchiv 38 4.158 4 1.386 26 21 * ♦ Journal of Economic Literature 7 4.143 4 2.193 27 22 * Australian Economic Papers 8 4.125 4 0.991 28 22 * Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance 8 4.125 4 1.246 29 22 * Metroeconomica 16 4.125 5 1.628 30 23 * 22 4.091 5 1.659 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 13 14 * ♦ Econometrica ♦ Journal of Econometrics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very sloppy, 6= very careful Table 8: Responses to Question 6 "Were the referee reports carefully done?" 31 24 * Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 56 4.089 4 1.225 32 25 * Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) 69 4.087 4 1.411 33 25 * Journal of Population Economics 23 4.087 5 1.443 34 26 * Review of Income and Wealth 12 4.083 4 1.782 35 27 * Journal of Industrial Economics 46 4.043 4 1.382 36 28 * Economic Theory 52 4.038 5 1.703 37 29 * 79 4.025 4 1.527 38 39 40 41 30 30 30 31 German Economic Review Journal of Macroeconomics Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 23 7 9 34 4.000 4.000 4.000 3.971 5 4 4 4.5 1.834 1.915 1.323 1.817 42 43 44 32 33 34 * Empirical Economics Labour Economics Journal of Public Economics 42 8 111 3.905 3.875 3.829 4 4.5 4 1.605 2.295 1.683 45 35 * Games and Economic Behavior 67 3.806 4 1.828 46 36 * 36 3.806 4 1.470 47 48 49 37 38 39 Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Journal of Economic Theory 40 8 93 3.775 3.750 3.731 4 4 4 1.717 1.669 1.912 50 40 * Management Science 31 3.710 4 1.697 51 52 53 41 42 43 * * Review of International Economics International Journal of Game Theory 69 13 29 3.696 3.692 3.690 4 4 4 1.593 1.797 1.834 54 44 * Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 29 3.690 4 1.966 55 56 57 58 45 46 46 47 * European Journal of Political Economy Konjunkturpolitik Open Economies Review Rand Journal of Economics 77 6 6 56 3.675 3.667 3.667 3.661 4 4.5 4 4 1.610 1.751 2.160 1.919 59 48 * Theory and Decision 25 3.640 4 1.604 60 49 * Scandinavian Journal of Economics 72 3.639 4 1.730 19 3.632 4 1.802 ♦ Review of Economic Studies * ♦ Economic Inquiry * * ♦ ♦ Canadian Journal of Economics * ♦ Journal of Development Economics * * ♦ ♦ International Economic Review ♦ 61 50 * Cambridge Journal of Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very sloppy, 6= very careful Table 8: Responses to Question 6 "Were the referee reports carefully done?" 62 51 * Journal of Applied Economics 21 3.619 4 1.687 63 51 * Scottish Journal of Political Economy 21 3.619 4 1.910 64 52 * Economic Record 7 3.571 4 1.718 65 66 67 52 52 53 * Journal of Economic Psychology Regional Science and Urban Economics Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 14 7 23 3.571 3.571 3.565 3.5 5 3 1.016 2.637 1.830 68 54 * 69 * 67 3.552 4 1.820 55 ♦ Review of Economics and Statistics * ♦ American Economic Review 163 3.552 4 1.860 70 56 * 42 3.548 4 1.742 71 57 * 57 3.544 3 1.582 72 58 * 73 74 75 59 60 61 * 76 77 78 79 62 62 62 63 * 80 81 82 83 64 65 65 66 * 84 67 85 86 87 70 88 71 ♦ European Economic Review * ♦ Oxford Economic Papers * ♦ Economics Letters 89 72 * 90 73 91 74 Kyklos ♦ Journal of International Economics Journal of Finance 28 3.536 3 1.621 15 17 67 3.533 3.529 3.507 4 4 4 2.066 1.940 1.862 ♦ Journal of Applied Econometrics Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Journal of Labor Economics 108 6 6 30 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.433 4 3.5 3.5 4 1.862 2.429 2.074 1.813 ♦ Journal of Common Market Studies Investigaciones Economicas Spanish Economic Review Journal of Monetary Economics 12 5 5 33 3.417 3.400 3.400 3.394 3 4 3 4 1.621 2.408 2.302 2.120 * Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 11 3.364 4 2.248 68 * Journal of Human Resources 69 * ♦ Journal of Law and Economics International Journal of Industrial Organization Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization * * * ♦ Economic Journal 25 3.360 4 1.868 181 3.320 4 1.728 47 3.277 3 1.930 123 3.268 3 1.882 Pacific Economic Review 6 3.167 3 1.472 * Public Choice 57 3.158 4 1.869 * Journal of Health Economics 11 3.091 4 1.973 * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very sloppy, 6= very careful Table 8: Responses to Question 6 "Were the referee reports carefully done?" ♦ Quarterly Journal of Economics * ♦ Economica 88 3.080 4 2.030 53 3.075 3 1.910 77 78 78 79 79 * * Southern Economic Journal International Review of Law and Economics Journal of Business Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations Public Finance Quarterly 21 5 12 5 10 3.048 3.000 3.000 2.800 2.800 3 4 3 3 3 1.962 2.828 1.859 1.643 1.989 99 80 * Public Finance 13 2.615 3 2.399 100 81 * 84 2.607 3 1.957 101 102 103 104 105 106 82 83 84 85 86 87 * National Tax Journal Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev. Economic Modelling Applied Economics Journal of Policy Modelling Journal of Financial Economics 8 5 7 10 5 11 2.500 2.400 2.286 2.200 2.000 1.818 1 2 2 3 1 1 2.070 2.074 2.498 1.814 2.550 1.991 Dropped-out Journals: Journal of Consumer Research Environmental and Resource Economics Journal of Regional Science Annals of Regional Science n=3 n=4 n=4 n=4 92 75 93 76 94 95 96 97 98 * * * ♦ Journal of Political Economy ♦ * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very sloppy, 6= very careful Table 9: Responses to Question 7 "How was your overall satisfaction with the procedure of paper submission to the respective journal?" No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rank * ♦ Journal 1 Ecological Economics 2 Empirica 2 Research Policy 3 Health Economics 3 * Pacific Economic Review 4 Economic Systems Research 5 * Econometric Theory n 5 5 7 6 6 5 9 Mean 5.200 5.000 5.000 4.833 4.833 4.800 4.667 Median 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 Stddev. 0.837 1.225 1.826 1.169 1.169 1.095 1.225 8 5 * Regional Studies 9 4.667 5 1.118 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 7 7 8 * Finanzarchiv Academy of Management Journal Metroeconomica Open Economies Review Mathematical Social Sciences 38 6 18 6 30 4.526 4.500 4.500 4.500 4.467 5 5 5 4.5 5 1.428 2.258 1.689 1.049 1.814 14 9 * 9 4.444 5 2.007 15 16 17 18 10 10 11 12 * * 8 8 9 70 4.375 4.375 4.333 4.329 4.5 4.5 5 5 1.188 1.685 1.581 1.666 19 13 * 24 4.250 5 1.775 20 14 * Journal of Urban Economics 14 4.214 5 1.528 21 15 * Scottish Journal of Political Economy 20 4.200 5 1.908 22 16 * Social Choice and Welfare 32 4.188 5 1.712 23 24 25 26 17 18 18 19 * * Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics Industrial and Labor Relations Review Journal of Economics and Management Strategy Economic Inquiry 49 7 7 24 4.184 4.143 4.143 4.125 5 5 4 5 1.495 2.116 1.069 1.895 27 19 * Geneva Papers of Risk and Insurance 8 4.125 4 1.642 28 20 * Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 33 4.091 5 2.067 29 21 * 23 4.087 5 2.043 16 4.063 5 1.948 * * ♦ Journal of Economic Literature Australian Economic Papers International Tax and Public Finance Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Journal of Economics (Zeitschr. f. Nat.ök.) ♦ Journal of Mathematical Economics ♦ ♦ Journal of Econometrics * ♦ Journal of Law and Economics 30 22 * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very unsatisfied, 6= very satisfied Table 9: Responses to Question 7 "How was your overall satisfaction with the procedure of paper submission to the respective journal?" 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 23 24 24 24 24 24 25 38 26 39 * * Journal of Public Economic Theory Economic Systems Journal of Banking and Finance Journal of Macroeconomics Konjunkturpolitik Spanish Economic Review Journal of Population Economics 29 5 5 9 6 5 24 4.034 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 3.917 4 5 5 4 5 5 4.5 1.569 1.732 2.000 1.323 2.191 2.550 1.742 * Review of Income and Wealth 14 3.857 4.5 1.791 27 * Economic Theory 51 3.843 5 1.963 40 28 * European Journal of Political Economy 76 3.842 4 1.674 41 29 * 98 3.816 4 1.907 42 43 44 45 30 31 32 33 * Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Investigaciones Economicas Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Canadian Journal of Economics 62 5 8 37 3.806 3.800 3.750 3.730 4 4 4 4 1.773 2.280 1.982 1.836 46 47 48 34 35 36 * Games and Economic Behavior Journal of International Money and Finance Management Science 66 7 31 3.727 3.714 3.677 4 4 5 1.759 1.496 2.039 49 37 * Scandinavian Journal of Economics 74 3.635 4 1.927 50 38 * 154 3.630 4 1.993 51 52 53 39 40 41 * 112 7 94 3.589 3.571 3.564 4 4 4 1.814 2.070 1.926 54 42 * 42 3.524 4 1.941 55 56 57 58 59 43 43 44 44 45 * Empirical Economics Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Economic Record German Economic Review Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 44 6 7 7 12 3.500 3.500 3.429 3.429 3.417 4 3.5 4 4 3.5 1.849 2.345 2.573 2.225 2.065 60 61 46 46 Journal of Economic Psychology Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 15 5 3.400 3.400 4 4 2.063 1.817 * * ♦ Econometrica ♦ ♦ Economics Letters * ♦ Journal of Public Economics * * * Regional Science and Urban Economics Journal of Economic Theory ♦ ♦ Journal of Development Economics * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very unsatisfied, 6= very satisfied Table 9: Responses to Question 7 "How was your overall satisfaction with the procedure of paper submission to the respective journal?" 62 47 * Public Choice 57 3.386 4 2.102 63 48 * 171 3.374 3 1.825 64 49 * 67 3.373 4 1.914 65 50 * 66 51 * Journal of Industrial Economics 84 3.369 3.5 1.727 46 3.348 4 1.689 67 52 * Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 29 3.345 3 1.717 68 53 * 71 3.338 3 1.934 76 3.329 4 1.872 55 ♦ Review of Economics and Statistics * ♦ International Economic Review * ♦ Journal of International Economics 69 54 70 60 3.317 3 1.732 71 56 * Theory and Decision 26 3.308 4 1.871 72 73 74 75 76 77 57 58 59 60 61 62 * * Public Finance Quarterly Journal of International Business Studies International Journal of Industrial Organization International Journal of Game Theory Labour Economics Oxford Economic Papers 10 5 17 30 8 51 3.300 3.200 3.176 3.167 3.125 3.098 4 3 4 4 3 3 2.214 1.789 1.845 2.036 2.167 1.962 78 63 * Kyklos 53 3.094 3 2.106 79 80 81 64 65 66 * Journal of Health Economics Review of International Economics Journal of Applied Economics 11 13 23 3.091 3.077 3.043 3 3 3 2.119 1.605 2.225 82 83 84 67 68 69 * * 60 6 20 3.033 3.000 2.950 3 3 3 1.966 1.673 1.731 85 70 * 187 2.947 3 1.831 86 71 ♦ European Economic Review * ♦ Economica 52 2.942 3 1.924 87 72 * 22 2.909 2.5 2.114 88 73 * 106 2.896 3 2.051 89 74 ♦ Quarterly Journal of Economics * ♦ Journal of Labor Economics 32 2.875 3 1.897 90 75 * Journal of Human Resources 30 2.867 3 2.113 91 76 * Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 29 2.862 3 2.183 ♦ American Economic Review Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization ♦ Review of Economic Studies * * ♦ ♦ Rand Journal of Economics Journal of Applied Econometrics Cambridge Journal of Economics Southern Economic Journal * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very unsatisfied, 6= very satisfied Table 9: Responses to Question 7 "How was your overall satisfaction with the procedure of paper submission to the respective journal?" 92 77 * 93 94 95 96 78 79 79 80 * * 97 81 98 99 ♦ Economic Journal 115 2.861 3 2.008 Journal of Common Market Studies International Review of Law and Economics Zeitschrift für betriebsw. Forschung/ Schm. Bus. Rev. Journal of Monetary Economics 14 5 5 34 2.857 2.800 2.800 2.794 3 2 3 3 2.248 2.588 2.168 2.027 * Journal of Finance 28 2.786 3 1.853 82 * National Tax Journal 9 2.667 3 2.449 83 * Journal of Business 14 2.357 2.5 1.499 100 84 * 11 2.273 1 2.573 101 85 ♦ Journal of Financial Economics * ♦ Journal of Political Economy 88 2.125 2 1.923 102 103 104 105 106 86 87 88 89 90 * Public Finance Applied Economics Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations Economic Modelling Journal of Policy Modelling 15 10 5 7 5 2.000 1.900 1.800 1.714 1.200 1 1 1 2 0 2.268 1.912 2.490 1.890 2.683 Dropped-out Journals: Annals of Regional Science Environmental and Resource Economics Journal of Consumer Research Journal of Regional Science n=4 n=3 n=3 n=4 ♦ * Invited Journals ♦ Diamond List All Others: Contributed Journals Likert-Scale: 0= very unsatisfied, 6= very satisfied
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