CHAPTER 14
BECOMING A WORLD POWER
(1872 - 1917)
WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?
14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
1. Economic competition
from foreign nations
2. Military competition from
foreign nations
3. Feeling of superiority
WHAT WAS CHANGING IN
THE LATE 1880S?
14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
(A DESIRE FOR NEW MARKETS)
Imperialism refers to the _______________ and political
domination of a strong nation over weaker ones. Europeans
were looking overseas for raw materials, new markets to sell
their goods, and for places to invest their ________ .
To protect their investments European nations began
exerting their ________________ over those areas. Some areas
became colonies while many others became
________________. The U.S. noticed this European expansion
and many started pushing for American ________________.
14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
(A DESIRE FOR NEW MARKETS)
Imperialism refers to the economic and political
domination of a strong nation over weaker ones.
Europeans were looking overseas for raw materials, new
markets to sell their goods, and for places to invest their
capital.
To protect their investments European nations
began exerting their control over those areas. Some
areas became colonies while many others became
protectorates. The U.S. noticed this European expansion
and many started pushing for American imperialism.
14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
(A FEELING OF SUPERIORITY)
Many Social Darwinists argued that nations
competed with each other politically, economically, and
_______________, and that only the strongest would
survive. This justified American ___________ abroad.
John ________ argued that English speaking nations had
superior character, ideas, and systems of
______________; an idea known as Anglo _______________. Many Americans linked this idea with
that of __________________ Destiny. Another influential
Anglo-Saxonist was the American minister named Josiah
____________.
14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
(A FEELING OF SUPERIORITY)
Many Social Darwinists argued that nations
competed with each other politically, economically,
and militarily, and that only the strongest would
survive. This justified American influence abroad.
John Fiske argued that English speaking nations had
superior character, ideas, and systems of government;
an idea known as Anglo - Saxonism. Many Americans
linked this idea with that of Manifest Destiny.
Another influential Anglo-Saxonist was the American
minister named Josiah Strong.
14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
(BUILDING A MODERN NAVY)
In 1888 the U.S. risked war to prevent Germany
from taking control of __________ in the South Pacific.
In 1891 the U.S. threatened to go to war if ____________
did not pay reparations after a mob of Chileans attacked
American __________. In 1895 the U.S. supported
Venezuela against Great Britain over a dispute regarding
British Guiana.
As American interests and involvement overseas
increased, so did the need for a large, modern navy. This
belief was best exemplified in writings of Captain Alfred T.
____________, in which he laid out the benefits of a
large navy. By the late 1890s, Congress was convinced of
the need to _____________ a large, modern navy.
14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
(BUILDING A MODERN NAVY)
In 1888 the U.S. risked war to prevent Germany
from taking control of Samoa in the South Pacific. In
1891 the U.S. threatened to go to war if Chile did not pay
reparations after a mob of Chileans attacked American
sailors. In 1895 the U.S. supported Venezuela against
Great Britain over a dispute regarding British Guiana.
As American interests and involvement overseas
increased, so did the need for a large, modern navy. This
belief was best exemplified in writings of Captain Alfred T.
Mahan, in which he laid out the benefits of a large navy.
By the late 1890s, Congress was convinced of the need to
build a large, modern navy.
14.2 – SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
See pictorial timeline for details of the war
DEBATE OVER ANNEXATION
• As a result of the war
the U.S. had “acquired”
Cuba, Guam, Puerto
Rico, and Philippines?
• Big question – what to
the Philippines
– Annex? Give
independence?
TO ANNEX OR NOT TO ANNEX THE
PHILIPPINES
SUPPORTERS OF ANNEXATION
1. Military benefit
-
U.S. naval base in the Pacific
2. Economic benefit
-
Large market for American
goods
3. Social/Moral obligation
-
Help the “less civilized”
OPPONENTS OF ANNEXATION
1. Cost outweighs economic
benefit
2. Cheap Filipino labor would
drive down American
wages
3. Goes against American
principles
TREATY OF PARIS
• December 1898 – signed
between Spain and U.S.
– Cuba is independent
– U.S. acquires Guam and
Puerto Rico
– U.S. pays Spain $20 million
for Philippines (McKinley
had decided to annex the
Philippines)
CUBA - PLATT AMMENDMENT
1.
Cuba could not make a treaty
w/ another country that
would weaken its
independence
2. Cuba had to allow the U.S. to
buy/lease naval bases in Cuba
3. Cuba’s debts had to be kept
low (why?)
4. The U.S. had the right to
intervene to protect Cuban
independence
GOVERNING PUERTO RICO
1. Foraker Act (1900)
- PRs elect their legislature
- Governor appointed by U.S.
president
- PRs are not U.S. citizens
2. 1917 – PRs granted U.S.
citizenship
3. 1930s – elect their own
governor
REBELLION IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Philippine-American War
breaks out and thousands
die in the conflict
• U.S. used some tactics the
Spanish used in Cuba
• 1902 – war is declared
over (U.S. “won “)
• 1946 – U.S. grants
independence
14.3 NEW AMERICAN DIPLOMACY
• OPEN DOOR POLICY
– China was weakening in the late
1800s
– Nations established “spheres of
influence” in China (this worried
the U.S.)
– McKinley & Hay construct the ODP
– nations with spheres of
influence would not discriminate
against other nations wanting to
do business with them in those
spheres
– The point was to ensure/protect
economic opportunities for the
U.S. in China
BOXER REBELLION
• Some Chinese were angry w/
too much Western influence
• They took this out on
foreigners by killing them
and/or taking them prisoner
• Hay asked foreign nations
affected not to partition
China into colonies
– They agreed to accept
compensation from China
– Allowed U.S. to maintain
“open” access to the Chinese
market
ROOSEVELT’S DIPLOMACY
• McKinley won the election
of 1900 but was
assassinated in 1901
– TR became president
– sought to increase American
power on a global scale
(economically, politically….)
– U.S. had a duty to help “less
civilized”
ROOSEVELT’S DIPLOMACY: EAST ASIA
• TR supported the Open
Door policy in China
• Received Nobel Peace
prize for negotiating an
end to the Russo-Japanese
War (1906)
(See graphic organizer for:
Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary, and Dollar
Diplomacy)
WOODROW WILSON
• Wanted to focus on
domestic policy
• opposed imperialism,
wanted to promote
democracy
– can you do both?
MEXICAN REVOLUTION
• 1911 – revolution erupts,
led by Francisco Madero
• 1913 – new gov’t set up by
General Victoriano Huerta
after Madero was killed
– By order of Huerta?
Huerta
WILSON & MEXICO
• WW despised Huerta, refused to
“recognize” the new gov’t and takes
the following steps:
1. declares a new policy – no American
recognition for those who seize power
unjustly
2. sends ships to intercept arms
shipments to Huerta’s gov’t
3. orders the shelling of Veracruz and
seizure of the city
• New gov’t is installed but tension still
exists
MEXICAN REVOLUTION
• 1916 – forces led by Pancho Villa
carry out attacks, kill 16 Americans
• WW sends in 6,000 under John
Pershing, recalled in 1917 (failure or
success?)
• WW’s actions in Mexico damage U.S.
image/foreign relations; seen as an
imperialist by many
• Wilson carries out other imperialist
actions
– Naval bases in Nicaragua (1914)
– Sends Marines into Haiti (1915)
– Sends troops into the Dominican
Republic (1916)
Pancho Villa