Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
DEVELOPMENT AND CALIBRATION OF A REDUCED-ORDER ENERGY
PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR A MIXED-USE BUILDING
ifica
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Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
tion
adia
rR
ola
lS
rna
te
Ex
1
0.6M. x 0.6M.
2
Tadj
3
4
Internal
Convection
c
0.6M. x 0.6M.
VAV
5
6
c
7
Tra
ns
m
Ra itted
dia
tio Sola
n
r
c
5
Tzone
c
Ca
Co s ua
nv l G
ec ain
tio
n
6
Casu
ain
al G
c
Window Conduction
In
n
te
rn
al
2
Co
nv
r
xte
tio
ctio
ve
on
lC
na
ec
4
atio
Radi
Tamb
3
1
Infiltration
through door
E
n
tion
Conduc
n
c
d
Groun ion
ct
Condu
7
c
Tground
Figure 1. Energy Flow in Buildings
Table 1 Individual Modules in the Building Envelop
Model
Component
Module Validation/Verification
1. Building envelope model
dTzone
dt
 m C pa T  Tzone  m C pa Tamb  Tzone 
mazoneC pa
 
 owC p
N surface
N adjzone
i
i
 structure i 
l Aow dTosurf
ow ow
dt

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Tisurf  Tosurf
l ow
 m C
i
pa
Tzonei  Tzone
 ho Aow Tamb  Tosurf 
k ow Aow   surfo
Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
iwC p
l Aiw dTisurf
iw iw
dt

Tosurf  Tisurf
liw
 hi Aiw Tzone  Tisurf 
kiw Aiw  surfi
 structure  hi Aiw Tisuf  Tzone 
Tamb  Tzone
Rwin
𝐶𝑝𝑎
mazone
𝑇

Cooling coil model
l
k
h
amb, zone, sup, ow iw osurf isurf
win,
 a hai m
 w C pw C psat Twi
UAt  e NTU m
2. HVAC Equipment Model
UAo  
Table 2 List of HVAC ROMs
System
Equipment
Quantity
Model
Validation/
Verification
UAi  C psat
BPh
m a C pa
UAh  C pa UAo
𝑈𝐴𝑡
𝑚̇
𝑚̇
𝐶
𝐶
Fan model
Figure 2 Building 7114 AHU2 Supply Fan Power vs.
Fan Speed
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Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
A
f
x
x u
3. Load Estimation
4. Building Data Acquisition System
 x   f x u  f x   Q  wx 
X  


Q   wQ

T
Y C xv
5. Integrated Whole Building Modelling
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Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
Database
BACnet
BMS Data
Toa
Qsol
Simulation
Initialization
(Time step)
Envelope ROM
Initialization
HVAC ROM
Initialization
Initialization
Zone Setpoints
Ventilation
Heat/Cool
Mode
HVAC Control Logic
Modeling
Results
Envelope ROM
Modeling
Tsa
Tra
 sa
m
Qload
HVAC ROM
Modeling
Every two weeks
or on demand
Parameter
Estimation
Ri Ci
Integrated Building
Model
Figure 3. Overall Schema of Integrated System
Model
6. Automatic Model Generation (BIM to BEM)
2. Building Envelope Model Validation
Table 3 Comparisons of Building 7114 Cooling Load
at the AHU Level between Data and Thermal
Network Models for July and August 2011
AHU
Loads, data
Loads, model
(kWh)
(kWh)
% error
Electric Energy Deviation
3. Building HVAC Model Validation
0%
-5%
-10%
-15%
Target ±10% at rated conditions
-20%
-25%
Dev
Total
Pumps
-5%
-4%
Cooling AHU
Tower Supply
Fans
Fans
-13%
-4%
AHU
Exhaust
Return
Fans
Fans
-3%
-12%
Figure 4 Building 114 equipment models validation
1. Case Description
4. Internal Load Estimation
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Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
Lighting load
5
x 10
Measured
Simulated
2
Compartment Building Lighting Loads
1.8
4
x 10
Measured
Simulated
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
5
07/10
4
07/11
07/12
07/13
07/14
07/15
07/16
07/17
07/18
Figure 7 Comparisons between Measured and Estimated
Plug Loads in Building 7114 from 07/09/2011 to
07/18/2011
3
2
3500
1
08/07
08/08
Measured
3000
08/09
Simulated
3.00
2.91
2.56
2500
Plug Loads (kW)
Figure 5 Comparisons between Measured and Estimated
Lighting Loads in Building 7114 from 08/06/2011 to
08/09/2011
3.50
Series3
2.50
2.00
2000
1.50
1500
0.87
1.00
0.91
1000
3000
Measured
Simulated
0.50
1.00
Diff(%)
0.77
0.12
500
2500
-0.10
0.50
0.00
-0.22
1500
-0.48
-0.49
-0.50
1000
-1.00
500
-1.78
0
-2.00
June
July
August
July
August
Sept
Nov
Dec
Figure 8 Comparisons between Measured and Estimated
Plug Loads in Building 7114 from June to December,
2011.
-1.50
-1.63
Sept
Nov
0.00
-0.50
June
Differences(%)
Lighting Loads (kW)
0
2000
Differences(%)
Compartment Building Lighting Loads
6
1.6
5. Integrated Model Validation
Dec
Figure 6 Comparisons between Measured and Estimated
Lighting loads of Compartments and Classroom Areas in
Building 7114 from June to December, 2011.
C pw Tws c  Twr


Plug load
Tws
Twr
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c
c
c
BLDG7114 Cooling Load (kW)
Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
Simulated
800
Measured
600
400
200
0
07/06
07/07
07/08
07/09
07/08
07/09
Differences (%)
15
0
-15
07/06
07/07
Figure 9 Building 7114 Cooling Season Integrated
Model Validation from 07/06/2011 to 07/10/2011
BLDG7114 Heating Load (kW)
𝑇
𝑚̇
ma
800
Simulated

Measured
600
400
200
0
12/08
12/09
12/10
l
k
h
15
Differences (%)
𝐶
0
-15
12/08
12/09
12/10
Figure 10 Building 7114 Heating Season Integrated
Model Validation from 12/08/2011 to 12/10/2011
𝑈𝐴𝑡
Q
Subscripts
amb
wr_c
ws_c
pw
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Proceedings of BS2013:
13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28
pa
psat
HVAC&R Research
𝐶
sup
sa
ra
oa
ow
iw
osurf
isurf
sol
win
int
structure
fan
zone
The 4th International
Conference for Enhanced Building Operations
of
Proceeding of The Fifth National Conference
IBPSA-USA:
SimBuild2012
Energy and Buildings
In: Proceedings of Fourth National Conference of
IBPSA-USA
The 12th
International Building Performance Simulation
Association Conference and Exhibition
Scalable Deployment of Advanced Building
Energy Management Systems
Fundamental of ASHRAE
HVAC2 toolkit: Algorithms and subroutines for
secondary HVAC system energy calculations.
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