Bio-Tam® 2.0
and
Grape “ESCA” Pruning Disease
2017
Isagro-USA
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
What is Bio-Tam 2.0 ?
Bio-Tam 2.0 is a biofungicide based on a mixture of two selected
natural strain, beneficial conidiospores:
• Trichoderma asperellum (former harzianum - ICC 080 )
• Trichoderma gamsii (former viride - ICC 012)
Why two strains?
Two distinct isolates whose biological behaviours differ in few
characters (e.g. temperature and pH tolerance, etc…), provide a wider
range of activity in varying environmental conditions.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Strain characteristics
Temperature: the optimal growth rate is between 75 and 86°F. In these
conditions the hyphae elongation is close to 1 mm/hour, but the product
can keep a good growth rate even in limited conditions as low as
<60°or near >95°F
30
Growth (mm/day)
25
20
T. asperellum
T. gamsii
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Temperature (°C)
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Strain characteristics
pH: the optimal growth rate is between 2 and 8.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam 2.0
T. asperellum and T. gamsii are
saprophytic antagonistic fungi,
naturally occurring in suppressive
soils, responsible for the
“suppressiveness” against different
soil-borne pathogens.
Conidiospores
Mycelium and Conidiospores
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
ESCA disease at a glance:
a world-wide presence
Source: plantwise.org
No accurate data is available on the economic impact of Esca
disease. In most European wine-growing countries, these diseases
are estimated to have reached incidences of more than 10%. In
southern Europe, these diseases are found in all wine-growing
regions, affecting 90-100% of vineyards and increasing annually by
approximately 5% (Mugnai et al., 1999).
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
ESCA disease complex
• "Esca" is a grapevine wood disease that
seriously affects vine yield and longevity.
• The main causal agents are the deuteromycetes
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and
Phaeoacremonium aleophylum. and the
basidiomycete Fomitiporia mediterranea. In
addition, Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola,
Botryosphaeria obtusa, and Cylindrocarpon
destructans were isolated from Esca-affected
vines.
• Esca is a widespread disease of grapevine in
many countries all over the world. It is generally
accepted that Esca is not a new disease
nevertheless a dramatic upsurge of the disease
has been reported in recent years.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
ESCA disease complex symptoms
• Esca comprises symptoms inside the trunk and larger branches, on
the shoots, on the leaves and on the berries.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
ESCA disease complex symptoms
• Esca comprises symptoms inside the trunk and larger branches, on
the shoots, on the leaves and on the berries.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
ESCA disease complex cycle
• The method of disease spread is not
yet certain, however spore trapping
results from infected vineyards have
found air-borne spores, with large
numbers of spores trapped during
rainfall.
• Infection occurs through wounds.
• Wet weather and warm temperatures appear to favor the disease.
• Years with above normal rainfall and high summer temperatures may result
in more severe symptoms.
• Air-borne basidiospores produced by fruiting bodies (bracket fungi) on
dead wood or other hosts can be spread long distances by wind, and infect
grapevines. Observed spread along rows in vineyards may also indicate that
spores can be spread by tools during pruning and grafting.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
ESCA disease complex cycle
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
spores flying
low
high
susceptibility of wounds
Infection occurs if:
• temperature is between 50°F and 85°F
• wounds are susceptible to infection
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
low
How Bio-Tam 2.0 works
• Bio-Tam is a tool to significantly limit
the disease incidence, year by year.
• It is preventative
• IPM strategy tool
dead
plants
Bio-Tam 2.0
time
year 1
year 2
year 3
year 4
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
How Bio-Tam 2.0 works
• Bio-Tam 2.0 prevents pathogenic fungi from spreading within the plant
through the pruning wounds
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
How Bio-Tam 2.0 works
• By colonizing the
pruning wounds,
Trichoderma forms
a shield that prevent
pathogenic fungi
from spreading
within the plant.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
How Bio-Tam 2.0 works
Application timing
Pruning should be done after
the peak of low temperatures is
passed
Then, perform single application at
1 lb/acre diluted in 25-50 gpa of
water when bleeding occurs,
before sprouting.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam 2.0 - ESCA
Directions for use
Target Disease
Use Rate and Application Instructions
Vine diseases
following pruning
(Phaeomoniella
chlamydospora)
Directed spray: Apply within 24 hours of pruning.
Apply at 2 lbs. Bio-Tam 2.0/100 gallons of water.
Broadcast application: Apply at 1 lb./A in 25-50
gallons of water ensuring adequate coverage.
* Bio-Tam 2.0 is registered for use on grape vines following vine pruning to
manage Phaeomoniella chlamydospora.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam 2.0 - ESCA
Directions for Use
Additional detailed use directions
A second application of Bio-Tam 2.0 is recommended approximately 14 days
later when pruning high risk vineyards (vineyards with a history of grapevine
pruning disease, new vines replanted over a highly infested area, or where
high disease pressure from surrounding area is present) or if rainfall or high
humidity persist resulting in environmental conditions favorable for disease
development.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam 2.0 - ESCA
Directions for Use
Further suggestions
•
•
•
•
The application should be localized as much as
possible on the pruned branches
In the presence of very high disease pressure
and/or under unusual climate situations, a
second application before sprouting is
recommended
If a rain occurs immediately after the application
(<6h), application must be repeated.
Pruning in early autumn, with relatively high
temperatures, is not recommended because
Esca is highly infective at that time. If pruning is
done in early autumn, best to treat with Bio-Tam
immediatly after and, then, repeating treatment
in spring because Trichoderma may be
suppressed by winter chill.
The best application timing
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam 2.0 - ESCA
Directions for Use
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam 2.0 - ESCA
Highly susceptible Italian varietals
* Not limited to only these varietals
Cabernet
Cabernet franc
Cabernet sauvignon
Chardonney
Corvina
Lambrusco salamino
Montepulciano d’Abruzzo
Moscato
Nebbiolo
Pinot
Sangiovese
Sauvignon
Sauvignon blanc
Trebbiano
Verdicchio
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam 2.0 - ESCA
Conclusions from a multi-year Agronomical / Economical
application evaluation in Italy 2011 - 2015:
•
•
•
•
Bio-Tam lowers the ED incidence by reducing the spreading of new
infections
When young plants are treated, the outcome is even more evident. New
plantations should always be treated to manage the disease.
Treatments are to be done every year. The economical evaluation resulted
in surprising results 1.000<profit<6.000 in 4 years (mean >3k€)
If treated, plants showing symptoms suffer sustainable production.
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.
Bio-Tam® 2.0
and
Grape “ESCA” Pruning Disease
2017
Isagro-USA
©2017 Isagro USA, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bio-Tam is a registered trademark of Isagro USA, Inc.