ISOLATED CIVILIZATIONS OPERATION
Aviv Hanuka
Vid Klopcic
David Snaider
1
Linfeng Li
TOTAL MICROGRID DISTRIBUTION, WORLD MARKETS 2014 - 2023
2
https://microgridknowledge.com/how-fast-is-the-microgrid-market-growing-really/
WASTE OF ELECTRICITY
Transmission and
distribution losses
20%
64% WASTED
36% USED
Generation losses
44%
Useful distributed energy
36%
Generation losses
Useful distributed energy
Transmission and distribution losses
3
https://blog.opower.com/2013/08/the-tradition-continues-the-united-states-wastes-more-energy-than-it-uses/
ISSUES
CENTRALISED vs. DISTRIBUTED
• Tripping
• Blinding of protection
• Relay over-reaching
• Relay under-reaching
• Fault of the overcurrent
protection scheme
4
ICO
+
STABILITY AND OPTIMIZATION
REAL TIME USAGE REPORTING – allows for advanced analysis and predictions for future demand
BATTERY “BUFFER” – compensation for peaks in production and demand
IMPLEMENTING PRIORITIES – shuts down only the least important parts first (ex. heating, casinos)
CONTROLLABLE LOADS – keeping optimal balance between available energy and load
• Water reserve  water can be pumped only during the day
5
• Large water heater  converting excessive energy to a hot water
CONTROL UNIT
SMART METER
• Data collection
• Analysis and predictions
outputs (load and custom function)
• Microgrid diagnostics
• Wireless control of the
smart counters
voltage measurement
current measurement
low priority cut-off
battery “buffer”
6
REAL TIME USAGE REPORTING
CONTROLBATTERY
UNIT “BUFFER” – peaks in usage can be covered from a battery
REAL TIME USAGE REPORTING – allows for advanced analysis and predictions for future demand
IMPLEMENTING PRIORITIES – shuts down only the least important parts first (ex. heating, lighting, casinos)
SMART–METERS
CONTROLLABLE LOADS
keeping optimal balance between available energy and load
• Battery  storage of excessive energy
Large water heater  converting excessive energy to a hot water
SCADA = Supervisory Control And Data•Acquisition
7
IMPLEMENTING PRIORITIES
Modular Hierarchical Control (A,B,C,D)
A
I II III IV
B
I
II
III
IV
C
I
II
III
IV
D
I
II
III
IV
8
9
DEMAND, USAGE BALANCING
Refrigeration
5%
NIGHT
DAY
Air Conditioning
6%
Space Heating
41%
Lightinh and Other
Appliances
30%
DISCHARGING
CHARGING
BATTERY STORAGE
Water Heating
18%
HEATING
COOLING
FILLING
DRAINING
HOT WATER
TAP WATER RESERVE10
COSTS
RF module
MCU
MICROCHIP MRF24J40-I/ML
STM32F103RCY6TR
MAX71020AETI+
7$
4.5$
2.4$
Other
Electricity meter
Production and transportation
PCB
<1$
LESS THAN
1$
MONTH / HOUSE
~10$
~20$
5 years period
11
ICO
This is ICO, this is innovation, this is the future
SOURCES
• https://microgridknowledge.com/how-fast-is-the-microgrid-market-growing-really/
• https://blog.opower.com/2013/08/the-tradition-continues-the-united-states-wastes-more-energy-than-it-uses/
• http://www.alphr.com/tesla/1003563/tesla-powerwall-2-release-date-uk-price-and-specs-elon-musk-unveils-new-home-battery
• https://www.quora.com/What-does-it-mean-for-a-Power-grid-to-trip-How-is-it-caused
• http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-or-electric-potential-difference/
• http://www.pterra.com/distributed-generation-impact-sympathetic-tripping-of-protection-devices/
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235772296_Analysis_and_solutions_of_overcurrent_protection_issues_in_a_microgrid
• https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6061_Sympap_20020516_Web.pdf
• http://www.pcbassemblyexpress.com/
• http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/30671/estimating-assembly-cost
• http://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/m/maxim-integrated/max71020-single-chip-electricity-meter-afe
• http://il.farnell.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Search?pageSize=25&st=stm32f103&catalogId=15001&categoryId=700000004185&langId=972&storeId=10164
• http://il.farnell.com/stmicroelectronics/stm32f103r6h6a/mcu-32bit-cortex-m3-72mhz-tfbga/dp/2333162
• https://www.aliexpress.com/item/FREE-SHIPPING-5PCS-LOT-CC2530-Wireless-Module-2-4G-ZIGBEE/741251240.html?spm=2114.40010508.4.2.lAolkh&s=p
• https://www.quora.com/What-is-over-reach-and-under-reach-of-a-protecting-relay
• http://insideenergy.org/2015/11/06/lost-in-transmission-how-much-electricity-disappears-between-a-power-plant-and-your-plug/