CO2 Reduction Measures
in Freight Sector in Japan
by
Shinji NAKAGAWA
Ministry of Transport
Japan
Trends & outlooks of CO2
emissions (unit: Mt-C)
‘90
2010
(%)
1990
1995
2010
BaU
Reduction
2010
Policy
Case
Total
287
311
347
60
287
0
Industry
135
135
142
16
126
-7
Resi. &
Comm.
72
83
99
27
72
0
Transport
58
68
81
13
68
17
Energy
transform
21
23
25
3
22
5
Measures in transport sector
CO2 reduction
(Mt-C) in 2010
Improvement of fuel efficiencies
(motor vehicles, railways, ships and aircraft)
Development and diffusion of low-emission
vehicles
Improvement of efficiencies of freight
transportation
Promotion of use of public transportation
system
Traffic management
Total
4.0
0.9
2.5
1.6
4.0
13.0
CO2 emissions from individual modes of
transport in Japan (FY1995)
Shipping Rail
Buses
6%
3%
2%
Taxis
2%
Commercial
Truck
Private
17%
Truck
13%
Aviation
4%
Private
Passenger
cars
53%
Mode share in freight sector
(in ton-km base)
aviation
0.2%
shipping
42%
rail
4%
privare truck
13%
comm. truck
41%
Mode share in freight sector
(in energy consumption base)
rail
1%
shipping
9%
comm. truck
44%
aviation
1%
privare truck
45%
CO2 emission units
(g-C/ton-km)
comm. truck
48
comm. light
duty truck
private light
duty truck
rail
shipping
aviation
180
599
6
13
402
Characteristics of freight
transport in Japan
• Large share of coastal shipping
• Concentration of international container freight at
3 area (Tokyo, Ise and Osaka Bays)
• Large number of private trucks (~ 87% of 1
million units)
– shorter transport distance, lower load factor
• Large number of small-sized trucking company
(~70% of 50,000 )
Basic concept in CO2 reduction
from freight transport
• modal shift from trucks to rail and shipping
• improvement of energy intensity in each
mode of freight transport
– improvement in technical efficiency
– reduction of inland transport distance of
international container freight
– improvement of loading factor of each truck
– increase the use of trailer and larger trucks
Promotion of modal shift
• Increase the share of rail and
shipping freight for medium-toling distance (longer than 500
km) general cargo transport from
40% to 50%
– support to upgrade facilities for
major rail trunk lines
– support to construct coastal container
ships and roll-on/roll-off ships
– construction of domestic trade
terminal with sufficient freight yard
and parking spaces for complex
integral transport and access roads
Reduction of inland transport
distance of int. container freight
• Only 10% of container freight produced and
consumed in regional districts (~ 40% of national
total) is handled nearby ports; long-distance
transport by trucks from 3 major ports in Tokyo,
Ise and Osaka
– construction of 8
subsidiary gate-way ports
with high-standard
container terminals
Increase in truck load factor
• Improvement of truck load factor from current
47% to 50%
– switching to trucking company vehicles
• privately owned trucks have low load factor, empty load in
their return trip
– joint delivery and joint transport
• truck terminals
• joint delivery centers
– utilization of Intelligent
Transport System (ITS)
Increase the use of trailer and
larger trucks
• Increase loading of each truck
– deregulation of gross vehicle weight
• heavy duty trucks: 20t  25t
• semi-trailers
: 20t  28t
• ISO-standard 40-ft or
20-ft trailers
– construction of chassis pools
– upgrading of bridges and roads
Future actions
• development of methods to monitor and
quantify the progress of each measure
• support for the improvement of
infrastructure, especially to facilitate the use
of state-of-the-art information system
• consideration of other optional measures to
achieve the current and future, possibly
stricter, reduction targets