Pressurised Natural Gas Carrier – PNG
An Economic Delivery System
For Stranded Gas Resources
Presented by
Lim Man Onn
APEC EGCFE Workshop, Taipei
CEO, Partnership for Equitable
Growth
21-23 March 2005
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Pressurised Natural Gas Carrier – PNG

A new method for safe, cost-effective and reliable gas
transportation system

Innovative application of known technology

Unlock stranded and static resources which are uneconomic under
LNG and pipeline schemes

Various PNG concepts considered including
 Fluor LNG Coselle
 Knutsen OAS PNG Carrier with DVN certification
 Enersea and Trans Canada concepts with ABS and Lloyds
classification approvals
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Pressurised Natural Gas Carrier – PNG
Technical Parameters of Knutsen Standard Size Carrier

Operating pressure
: 240 bars or 3,500 psig

No of gas cylinder
: 2,672

Volume of gas carrier : 20 Ksm3 or 20,000 DWT
L0A = 276 m
Beam : 54 m
Draft Ballast : 11 m
Service speed : 15.5 knots
Draft design : 13.5 m
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Pressurised Natural Gas - PNG Carrier
(for the transportation of natural gas directly from the source to the market)
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An Illustration of the PNG Pipe System
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Number of PNG Carriers required for delivery of
500 Mcf/day of gas for different distances to market
Distance to Market (Km)
Number of Knutsen Standard Size Ship
1,000
6
2,000
12
3,500
21
5,000
30
Knutsen Standard Ship
= 20,000 DWT
Service speed
= 15.5 knots
Service days/year
= 330
Aggregate field size required
= 4TCF or 8 x 500 Bcf fields
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Delivery Cost versus Distance Relationship - PNG
2 .5 0
1.9 6
US$/Mbtu
2 .0 0
1.52
1.5 0
1.10
1.0 0
0 .79
0 .5 0
0 .0 0
1,0 0 0
2 ,0 0 0
3 ,0 0 0
4 ,0 0 0
5 ,0 0 0
Dis tance between Field & Market (Km)
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Pressurised Natural Gas Carrier – PNG
A flexible and scalable infrastructure delivery system
 Higher unit cost of PNG versus LNG vessels more than offset by
absence of LNG liquefaction and receiving terminals
 Scalability of PNG systems “commoditize” gas trading
 Free buyer from long term, large volume take or pay
commitment
 Could potentially commercialize 30% of discovered stranded
and static resources
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