Name _______________________________
Unit 4 Review
4.1 – The Nucleus
1. The ratio of protons to neutrons in stable isotopes of the lighter elements tends to be approximately _____.
2. The correct nuclear notation for the isotope oxygen-15 is _____.
3. When the ____ is not large enough to hold a nucleus together tightly, the nucleus can become radioactive.
4. Unstable nuclei can break apart spontaneously, changing the identity of the _____.
5. Protons in the nucleus are attracted to each other by _____.
6. The stability of an isotope nucleus depends on the ____.
7. When the strong force is not sufficient to hold unstable nuclei together permanently, ____.
8.
and
are examples of _____.
9. Each element with an atomic number greater than 82 is ____.
10. Which force holds protons and neutrons together in the atom’s nucleus?
11. The ratio of neutrons to protons in stable isotopes of larger elements tends to be approximately ____.
4.2 – Nuclear Decays and Reactions
12. A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n) ____.
13. Which produces more energy--nuclear fission or nuclear fusion?
14. Which is the only type of radiation that might penetrate the walls of a house?
15. What is the source of the electrons produced in beta decay?
16. A particle released during the fission of uranium-235 is a(n) _____.
17. A(n) _____ is a high energy electron.
18. Neutrons released in a fission reaction can strike other nuclei and cause ____.
19. The process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with larger masses is ____.
20. The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the ____.
21. Negatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are ____.
22. Alpha particles have a _____ charge.
23. When
becomes
, what type of decay has taken place?
24. The most penetrating type of radiation is the _______.
25. When one large nucleus is split into two smaller nuclei, the process is nuclear _____.
26. Both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction ____.
4.3 – Nuclear Fusion in Stars
27. What element is most likely to be produced during a nuclear fusion reaction in the Sun?
28. What element is most likely to be used during a nuclear fusion reaction in the Sun?
29. Describe what is happening in each step. Name the process shown.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 1: __________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2: __________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 3: __________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Process: __________________________________________________________________________________
30. Describe what is happening in each step. Name the process shown.
Step 1
Step 3
Step 2
Step 1: __________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2: __________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 3: __________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Process: __________________________________________________________________________________