Chapter 5
Blood Pressure and flow
by Ibrhim AlMohimeed
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Introduction
Circulatory system or Cardiovascular system

A body-wide network of blood, blood vessels, and lymph.
Powered by the heart.

It is the body’s distribution system to organs with oxygen,
hormones, and essential nutrients.

Helps fight diseases.

Maintains the normal body temperature.

Maintains the right chemical balance to provide the body’s
homeostasis.
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Cardiovascular system
• Cardiovascular system Components:
 Heart.
 Arteries.
 Veins.
 Blood.
 Capillaries
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Cont. Cardiovascular system
• There Two types of cardiovascular system:
 Systemic circulation:
the circulation of the blood to all parts of the body except the
lungs.
 Pulmonary circulation:
the circulation of the blood to the lungs. The oxygen-depleted
blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to
the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the
pulmonary vein.
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Heart
• It is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood
throughout the network of arteries and veins.
• It has four chambers.
• Coronary arteries run along the surface of the heart and
provide oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
• The average human heart beating rate is 72 per minute.
• Inlet and outlet valves in each ventricle ensure one-way
blood flow.
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Heart Champers

Right Atrium (RA): receives blood from the veins and
pumps it to the right ventricle.
 Right Ventricle (RV): receives blood from the right atrium
and pumps it to the lungs, where it is loaded with oxygen.
 Left Atrium (LA): receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
and pumps it to the left ventricle.
 Left Ventricle (LV): the strongest chamber that pumps
oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle’s
vigorous contractions create our blood pressure.
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Cont. Heart Champers
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Arteries
•
blood vessels that carry blood away from the
heart.
•
Strong and flexible.
•
Have muscular walls.
•
Bear the highest blood pressures.
•
Help maintain blood pressure between beats.
•
Adjust their diameter to increase or decrease
blood flow to a particular area.
•
Branches to smaller arteries and arterioles.
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Veins
•
blood vessels that carry blood toward from
the heart.
•
Thin-walled but generally larger in diameter
than arteries.
•
Carry same volume of blood, but at a lower
speed.
•
Has much less blood pressure.
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Capillaries
•
smallest of a body's blood vessels.
•
Tiny, extremely thin-walled.
•
Act as bridges between arteries and veins.
•
Allow nutrients to pass from blood to
tissues.
•
Allow waste to pass from tissues into blood.
•
Drain into venules, which drain into veins,
which lead back to the heart
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Capillaries
•
smallest of a body's blood vessels.
•
Tiny, extremely thin-walled.
•
Act as bridges between arteries and veins.
•
Allow nutrients to pass from blood to
tissues.
•
Allow waste to pass from tissues into blood.
•
Drain into venules, which drain into veins,
which lead back to the heart
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Systole & diastole
• Systole : the contraction of the heart
specifically the left ventricle.
• Diastole: is the period during which
the heart is relaxing specifically the
left ventricle.
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End of the Chapter
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