Review
 Nouns
 Name a person, place, thing, or idea
 Concrete, abstract, collective, common,
proper
 Pronouns
 Personal pronouns take the place of nouns.
 A pronoun may function as the subject of
the sentence.
Review
 Types of Pronouns
 Indefinite: does not refer to a definite person or
things.
 Demonstrative: point out a specific person or thing.
 Interrogative: asks a question
 Personal: replaces a personal noun
 Pronoun Understood (PNU)
 Implied rather than written as the subject.

No specific subject
Terms to Learn
Verb
Main Verb
Helping Verb
Verb Phrase
Verb
 The verb is the word in a sentence
that is needed along with the
subject to:
 Make a statement
 Ask
a question
 Give a command
Point 1
 A sentence must always include a verb.
 The verb helps to make a statement by
expressing:
 An action
 State of being
 A condition
Action Verbs
Action words
 John walked to town.
 The monkey stole my banana.
 The choir sang a song.
State of Being Verbs
Forms of “to be”
Examples:
Be
Being
Been
Am
Is
Are
Was
Were
• I am happy.
• She was sleepy.
• He was an electrician.
Condition Verbs
Appear
Become
Feel
Grow
Keep
Look
Remain
Seems
Smell
Sound
Taste
Turn
Examples:
• She felt happy.
• The student looked sad.
• The apple tastes sour.
• The cat appeared hungry.
NOTE
1. The verb can be replace with seems when it is a condition.
2. Condition verbs can also be used as action verbs.
The cat appeared hungry.
The cat appeared in the doorway.
Is it a condition or action?
 The soup tastes hot.
 The rose smelled sweet.
 The monkey appeared suddenly.
 The cat tasted its food.
 The dog smelled the flower.
 The banana appeared ripe.
Point 2
 The verb of the sentence may be one word or two or
more words that comprise a verb phrase.
 I went to the store.
 I did buy groceries.
Function Codes:
MV (Main Verb)
HV (Helping Verb)
Point 3
Helping Verbs: verbs that usually precede a
main verb
 Must be used with certain verb forms
Example:
Verbs ending in –ing cannot function
properly without helping verbs.
Examples
Incorrect: My brother buying the business.
Correct: My brother is buying the
business.
Incorrect: Linda singing quite well
Correct: Linda is singing quite well.
Point 4
 There are 23 frequently used helping verbs.
Be
Am
Was
Do
Have
May
Could
Must
Being
Is
Were
Does
Has
Can
Would
Shall
Been
Are
Did
Had
Might
Should
Will
Point 5
 First: identify the subject
 Who or what is the sentence
about?
 Next: identify the verb
Point 6
 In some sentences the subject follows the
verb.
Example:
mv
hv
ns
Enclosed are the recipes
Point 6
 The subject ALWAYS follows the verb
when a sentence starts with the word
here or there.
Examples:
mv
ns
Here is the problem.
mv pns
There were several.
Let’s Try It!!
The fire destroyed the forest.
Phillip is going to the library.
Let’s try It!!
The accident caused a traffic jam.
The girl went to the store.
Terms to Learn
 Transitive Verb : A main verb
that usually expresses action
and always has a direct object
 Verb Complement: Another
name for a direct object or an
indirect object
Terms to Learn
 Direct Object: A verb complement that follows a
transitive verb and answers the questions “Whom?” or
“What?”
 Intransitive Verb: A main verb that never has a
complement
 Reflexive Pronoun: A pronoun formed by adding the
suffix –self or –selves to a personal pronoun
Word Function Codes
 MVT (Main Verb Transitive)
 MVI (Main Verb Intransitive)
 DO (Direct Object)
Introduction
 Main verbs may be either transitive
or intransitive.
 Transitive verb
Action
 Verb Complement

 Intransitive verb
No Action
 No Verb Complement

Sentence Formula
N + MV +Who or What = Transitive Verb
Transitive Verb
 A main verb
 usually expresses an action
 always has a direct object
 Direct Object: A verb
complement that follows a
Transitive Verb.
Transitive Verb
1. Find the subject
2.Find the verb
 Ask who? or what?
 If it answers who? or what? it is a
MVT
 If it does not answer who? Or what?
It is an MVI.
Example
Kristen solved the problem.
 noun subject
 main verb
 Transitive or Intransitive?
 Direct object
 What did she solve?
Example
The company manufactures toys.
 noun subject
 main verb
 Transitive or Intransitive?
 Direct object
 What do they manufacture?
Example
The shelf holds three books and a
vase of flowers.
 noun subject
 main verb
 Transitive or
Intransitive?
 Direct object
 What did
the shelf hold?
example
The committee named a new
chairperson.
 noun subject
 main verb
 Transitive or
Intransitive?
 Direct object
 What did
the shelf hold?
Intransitive Verb
A main verb that never has a
complement.
Examples
Phyllis fell down.
 noun subject
 main verb
 Intransitive
 There is no direct object
example
The cat purred loudly.
 noun subject
 main verb
 Intransitive
 There is no direct object
Point 1
 The main verb may be transitive
 The main verb is usually active
 The main verb has a receiver of the action called a
direct object
Identify the subject
Identify the verb
Then ask “What?” or “Whom?”
Point 2
 The direct object may be a one word noun.
The store sells bicycles.
Point 3
 The direct object may be a compound-word noun.
The president chose Senator Kennedy.
Point 4
 The direct object can be a personal pronoun.
The coach tutored him in math.
Point 5
 The direct object may be an indefinite pronoun.
The invitation included everyone.
Point 6
 The direct object may be an demonstrative pronoun
Please take this.
Point 7
 The direct object may be a reflexive pronoun
I hurt myself.
Point 8
 The main verb may be intransitive
The baby laughed loudly.
Let’s Try It!!
Sylvia kicked Juan under the table.
 What is the subject
 What is the verb?
 Is there a direct object?
 Is it transitive or intransitive?
Let’s Try It!!
I fell down yesterday.
 What is the subject
 What is the verb?
 Is there a direct object?
 Is it transitive or intransitive?
Let’s Try It!!
 Alicia wrote a love poem on a napkin.
 What is the subject
 What is the verb?
 Is there a direct object?
 Is it transitive or intransitive?
Let’s Try It!!
 They slept peacefully.
 What is the subject
 What is the verb?
 Is there a direct object?
 Is it transitive or intransitive?
Lesson 4
Due next class period