VY_32_INOVACE_GLUMBIKOVA:VOCAB.20
Expressions and tips for writing essays
© Sportovní gymnázium Dany a Emila Zátopkových Ostrava
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EXPRESSIONS AND TIPS FOR
WRITING ESSAYS
Autor: Mgr. Soňa Glumbíková
1. EXPRESSIONS OF OPINION
I think…,
I believe …,
In my opinion …,
My own view is that …, I am convinced that …,
It’s my belief that …, It seems to me that , in my
view …, I reckon …, As far as I am concerned …,
from my point of view …, It would seem …, It
would appear, according to the text…
2. EXPRESSIONS OF SUGGESTION
I suggest doing …,
I suggest that you should …,
It would be a good idea if …,
3. EXPRESSIONS OF ADVICE
You should …,
If I were you …, I would
I advise you to
You had better …, The best thing you can do is
…, I would advise you to …, I would recommend
you to …, It’s essential that you should …, It’s
vital that you should …, It’s better …,
4. EXPRESSIONS OF ATTITUDE
fortunately …,
unfortunately … ,
probably …,
It’s certain that …,
Frankly …, honestly …; obviously …,It’s certain
that …, As we all know …, It’s true that …,
presumably …, no doubt …,
5. SEQUENCE OF AN ARGUMENT
First of all…,
Secondly,
Thirdly,
Finally,
To begin with …, In the first place …, then …,
After that …, Next …, for another thing …,
6. EXPRESSIONS OF ADDITION
In addition to …,
Moreover …,
Not only … but also,
Added to this …, As well as …, Furthermore …, Not
only … but also, What is more …, In the same way
…, besides …, as well as …, In
• connection with …, even more…, and …, another (
+ noun ), an addition ( + noun )
7. EXPRESSIONS OF AGREEMENT
I fully agree with …,
It’s hard to disagree with …,
One must acknowledge that …,
It’s quite right to …, In support of this theory …
8. EXPRESSIONS OF DISAGREEMENT
I don’t agree,
I see what you mean,
It’s difficult to share the opinion that …,
I must disagree with …, I cannot agree with …, You
have a point but …, I do not share the view that …,
This is far from the truth, It’s quite wrong to …, The
opposite is true; This argument does not stand up;
The problem with this view is that …
9. EXPRESSIONS OF CONTRAST
But,
On the one hand, … on the other hand
However,
In contrast to …, … as opposite to …, Unlike …,
whereas …, … on the contrary …, nevertheless,
in spite of, despite, while, in contrast, although,
though, even though,
10. EXPRESSIONS OF CONSEQUENCE
As a result…,
Therefore …,
For this reason …,
Thus …, Consequently …, … in order to …, … so
that …, The consequence of this is …, On this
basis …,hence…
11. EXAMPLES AND EXCEPTIONS
For instance,
For example,
Apart from,
such as, including, in particular, except, with the
exception of, like, that’s to say…
12. SUMMARIZING THE ARGUMENTS
To sum up …,
In conclusion,
I have shown that …,
This shows how …, To summarize …, To conclude
…, In a word …, Finally …, So it would appear
that …, In short …, In brief …, In any case …,
TIPS FOR WRITING ESSAYS
• First, choose a topic that interests you.
• Then try to narrow the subject down to something
you can write about knowledgeably.
• Now come up with a statement about your topic.
• Answer the question "why" several times.
• Write a brief conclusion that summarizes the points
you have made.
Organize Your Ideas
Develop an outline that shows your main ideas
and the order in which you are going to write
about them.
– List the subordinate ideas below the main
ideas.
– Avoid any repetition of ideas.
REWISE THE FIRST DRAFT
Remember, an essay is a group of related
paragraphs about one main idea.
Essay Introduction
Body
Conclusion
main idea
supporting idea
supporting idea
supporting idea
main idea, the end
A paragraph is made up of related sentences
that develop a central point.
Paragraph Topic Sentence
main idea
Supporting sentences supporting
ideas
PROOFREAD THE FINAL TEXT
Look for careless errors such as misspelled
words and grammar mistakes.
Is the language you have used clear and easy to understand?
Have you answered all parts of the question?
Have you used separate paragraphs for the introduction, each
of the body paragraphs, and the conclusion?
Do all the body paragraphs relate to the topic and thesis
statement?
What´s wrong
with this paragraph?
Many people travel abroad these days. Jack
Smith, a British student, stayed in Germany for
two years and he learned perfect German
without the use of textbooks or teachers. Many
other people say that they have been learning a
language for a long time but the true breaking
point came when they travelled abroad. The
best way to learn a language, it seems, is to go
to the country where the language is spoken.
Špatně na něm je to:
- že začíná něčím obecným (řekněme
omáčkou),
- potom přichází příklad,
- potom nějaký důkaz (i když nepodložený)
- a nakonec teprve přichází pointa, to, co
chceme sdělit, to, že nejlepším způsobem,
jak se naučit jazyk, je vycestovat do země,
kde se daným jazykem mluví.
- Na konci odstavce chybí ještě nějaký mini
závěr, závěrečná věta, která znovu shrne, o
čem odstavec byl.
The correct paragraph
The best way to learn a language is to go to the
country where the language is spoken. Many
people say that they have been learning a language
for a long time but the true breaking point came
when they travelled abroad. Jack Smith, a British
student, stayed in Germany for two years and he
learned perfect German without the use of
textbooks or teachers.
It seems that living abroad really makes language
tutors and grammar books unnecessary.
What´s wrong with this short essay?
Smoking in Public Places
We have to write an essay about smoking in public
places. I don't know if smoking in public places
should be allowed or not, I have never thought
about it. I don't like it if people smoke when I'm in
the room but, on the other hand, I think it's their
freedom. In pubs, for example, everybody smokes.
So it should be allowed. In schools only if the
students are older than 18. Some people are against
smoking, but it's people's choice. I have never
smoked a cigarette in my life but I don't mind it if
people do. Smoking can lead to lung cancer. Even
passive smoking. So maybe it should be banned to
smoke in public places...
Smoking in public places
• Introduction
Nejprve celou práci uvedeme, tedy napíšeme o čem bude
(o kouření na veřejných místech) a kam chceme dojít (že
by mělo být zakázané). Naznačíme i hlavní body, tedy
zmíníme, že lidé se často hájí svobodou, ale že na druhou
stranu je tu nebezpečí tzv. pasivního kouření. Úvod může
mít třeba jen dvě věty - žádná omáčka.
• I. Freedom to smoke
Pokračujeme k druhému odstavci, ve kterém se budeme
věnovat POUZE názoru těch, kteří kouření na veřejnosti
hájí. Nebudeme zde nikomu oponovat, vyjadřovat, že s
tím nesouhlasíme apod. Budeme mluvit pouze o tom, že
každý si může dělat, co chce, a když si někdo chce
poškodit zdraví, nikdo nemá právo mu v tom bránit.
• II. Danger of passive smoking
Třetí odstavec se zaměří na opačný názor, tedy na
to, že existuje pasivní kouření, vysvětlíme, co to
pasivní kouření je a v čem spočívá jeho nebezpečí.
• Conclusion
Vše uzavřeme čtvrtým odstavcem, ve kterém
stručně shrneme, že sice lidé mluví o svobodě a
svých právech, ale že svým kouřením ohrožují práva
těch, kteří si své zdraví ničit nechtějí. Z toho
vyvodíme závěr, že by kouření na veřejných místech
mělo být jednoznačně zakázané.
WRITE YOUR OWN ESSAY ABOUT
SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES
Sources
AUTOR
NEUVEDEN. http://www.infoplease.com [online]. [cit.
22.1.2014]. Dostupný na WWW:
http://www.infoplease.com/homework/writingskills1.h
tml
VÍT,Marek. http://www.helpforenglish.cz/ [online]. [cit.
22.1.2014]. Dostupný na WWW:
http://www.helpforenglish.cz/psani