SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PROJECT SUPPORT (SEPS)
Baseline Calculation
Environmental Performance Calculation Procedure
For addressing the two environmental performance criteria “Reduction of CO2 emissions” and “Reduction
of primary energy input”, please refer to the calculation procedure outlined below. This is kept in a simple,
but consistent form for being applicable in the context of SEPS.
Emission factors (EF) of Table 1 are taken from the UNEP-Report „The GHG Indicator: UNEP Guidelines
for Calculating Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Businesses and Non-Commercial Organisations“. Country
specific EFs of Table 2 are taken from the „Highlights“ version of CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion
by the International Energy Agency. If your country does not appear in Table 2 (CO2 from electricity
production), please refer to the regional figures that are given in the table (e.g. Middle East or Africa).
For better understanding, two examples are given, one for a wind turbine of 1.5 MW (Morocco) and one
for a combined heat and power unit of 50 kWel/80kWheat (Austria).
Calculation procedure:
1) Determination of the fossil primary energy input (PEI) of the project
2) Determination of the direct CO2 emissions produced by the project: please make use of table 1 or
table 2.
3) Definition of the project baseline: The project baseline describes a scenario for the production of
electricity, heat etc. that would probably take place if the project would not be realized.
4) Calculation of the PEI baseline: resulting from the production of heat, electricity etc. as described in
the project baseline by the same amount as the project´s production.
If no specific values for a typical baseline are available for electricity generation please apply an efficiency
factor of 38% for OECD-countries and 32% for non-OECD-countries for the electricity production and 80%
for heat production.
5) Calculation of the CO2 emissions baseline: Please make use of table 1 (emission factor for
emissions from fuel use) or Table 2 (electricity emission factor EFel) for calculating the CO2 emissions:
• For heat production: CO2 baseline = PEI baseline x Emission Factor (EF) .
• For electricity generation: CO2 baseline = Annual electricity production X Emission Factor (EFel)
6) Calculation of the reduction in PEI and CO2 emissions:
PEI reduction: PEI baseline (Step 4) – PEI project (Step 1)
CO2 emissions reduction: CO2 baseline (Step 5) – Project´s CO2 emissions (Step 2)
Example 1:
Wind turbine (1.5 MW) in Morocco
Assumptions: operating hours 3000 hours/year
⇒ electricity production of 4.5 GWh/year
1. Determination of the fossil primary energy input (PEI) of the project
0 (only power from the wind turbine is used)
2. Determination of the direct CO2 emissions produced by the project
0 (the wind turbine produces no CO2 emissions for electricity production)
3. Definition of the project baseline
The amount of electricity generated by the wind turbine would otherwise come from the electricity grid.
4. Calculation of the PEI baseline
The efficiency factor in the non-OECD country Morocco is assumed with 32%.
Thus, the PEI is: 4.5 GWh/year/32% => (4.5 x100)/32 = 14.1 GWh/year
5. Calculation of the CO2 emissions baseline
Take the electricity production and multiply it with the country´s emission factor in electricity
production (Table 2):
4.5 GWh/year x 0.000690 tCO2/kWh
⇒ 4,500,000 kWh/year x 0.000690 tCO2/kWh = 3105 tCO2/year
6. Calculation of the reduction in PEI and CO2 emissions
PEI: baseline (Step 4) – PEI (Step 1)
⇒ 14,100,000 kWh/year – 0 = 14,100,000 kWh
CO2: baseline (Step 5) – CO2project (Step2)
⇒ 3105 tCO2 – 0 = 3105 tCO2 /year
Example 2:
Gas-powered Combined Heat and Power Unit (small motor package system), Austria
Capacity: 50 kWel/80 kWheat ; Overall Efficiency Factor: 80%
Operating hours: 5000 h/a
⇒ 250 MWh of electricity produced; 400 MWh of Heat produced
1. Determination of the fossil primary energy input (PEI) of the project
W= (250 MWh + 400 MWh)/year/efficiency factor
⇒ (250 MWh + 400 MWh)/year/80% = 812.5 MWh/year
2. Determination of the direct CO2 emissions produced by the project
PEI x EF (Table 1, Natural Gas)
⇒ 812,500 kWh/year x 0.0002020 tCO2/kWh = 164.1 tCO2/year
3. Definition of the project baseline
The amount of electricity produced by the Combined Heat and Power Unit would be purchased in
average from the grid, the heat would be produced by small Diesel Oil-fired heating systems with an
efficiency factor of 80%. The emission factor for the Diesel Oil-fired plant is 0.0002496 tCO2/kWh (see
table 1).
4. Calculation of the PEI baseline
Electricity production:
As the efficiency factor in OECD-countries is assumed with 38%, the PEI is calculated as follows:
250 MWh/year/38% ⇒ 250 MWh/year x 100/38 = 657.9 MWh/year PEI
Heat production:
As the efficiency factor of the Diesel Oil-fuelled plant is 80%, calculate:
400 MWh/year/80% ⇒ 400 MWh/year x 100/80 = 500 MWh/year PEI
In total, the PEI-baseline is: 657.9 MWh/year + 500 MWh/year = 1157.9 MWh/year
5. Calculation of the CO2 emissions baseline
CO2 emissions from electricity
As the emission factor for Austria is 0.000183 (Table 2), the CO2 emissions baseline is:
250,000 kWh/year x 0.000183 tCO2/kWh = 45,75 tCO2/year
CO2 emissions from heat
As the emission factor for the Diesel Oil-fuelled plant is 0.0002496 tCO2/kWh, the CO2 emissions
baseline is: 500,000 kWh/year x 0.0002667 tCO2/kWh = 133.5 tCO2/year
Total CO2 emissions baseline
45.75 tCO2/year+ 133.5 tCO2/year = 179.25 tCO2/year
6. Calculation of the reduction in PEI and CO2 emissions
PEI reduction: baseline (Step 4) – PEI (Step 1)
⇒ 1117.9 MWh/year – 812.5 MWh/year = 305.4 MWh/year
CO2 emissions reduction: baseline (Step 5) – CO2 (Step2)
⇒ 179.25 tCO2/year – 164.1 tCO2/year = 15.15 tCO2/year
1
Table
CO
2 Emissions from Fuel Use
Table1:1:
CO
Emissions from Fuel Use1
2
Fuel Types
Coal
Petrol
Natural Gas
Gas/ Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
Jet Kerosene
Shale oil
Ethane
Naphtha
Bitumen
Lubricants
Petroleum Coke
Refinery Feedstock
Refinery Gas
Other Oil Products
tCO2/therm
Emission factors
tCO2/litre
tCO2/MWh
0.00222
0.005919
0.006654
0.00268
0.00300
0.00165
0.00258
0.00224
0.00263
0.007041
0.00254
tCO2/t
0.3413
0.2496
0.2020
0.2667
0.2786
0.2271
0.2575
0.2218
0.2641
0.2905
0.2641
0.3631
0.2641
0.2641
0.2403
0.2641
1.84
3.07
2.93
3.19
3.08
2.95
3.17
2.61
2.90
3.27
3.21
2.92
3.09
3.25
2.92
2.92
2
2 2007-2009 (tCO2/MWh)
Table
Electricity
emission
factors
(EFel) for
different(tCO
countries
for
I,>G)92d9TG)5P'+5+PX9T(+HH+1*9U,5P1'He92!!RM2!!79:PDQ2f4gJ<
Table2:2:
Electricity
Emission
Factors,
1999-2002
/MWh)
!"#$%&'(%)&*+,
Region/Country
*(-.'/01
!"#$%&'(%)&*+,
tCO2/MWh
Region/Country
*(-.'/01
!"#$%&'(%)&*+,
*(-.'/01
tCO2/MWh
Region/Country*(-.'/01
tCO!"#$%&'(%)&*+,
Region/Country
2/MWh
OECD North America!"#$%
Azerbaijan
-2(3456"+$789
&'()*+,
!"-#%
USA (average)
0.676
Belarus
8.&9:,;)',/)<
!"%3&=)'>,+?,*
Canada
0.223
Bosnia-Herzegovina !"#62
Mexico
Bulgaria
D,*,E,
!"-$#0.593F)G,'CH
!"3!!
OECD Europe
Croatiae
4)L+51
!"#%%0.387F1H*+,MN)'=)/1;+*,
!"7!$
Austria
0.197
Estonia
DJ+G)
!"37$0.289FCG/,'+,
Belgium
FYR of Macedonia !"#72
Czech Republic
Georgia
-2(342)+%:"
!"3#-0.604D'1,P+)
!"33R
Denmark
0.358
Gibraltar
&CHP'+,
!"-$3
THP1*+,
!"R3%
Finland
0.239
Kazakhstan
F)G/+C(
!"2370.083UVW91S94,5)E1*+,
!"R%3
France
Kyrgyzstan
Germany
Latvia
D=)5J9W)0C>G+5
!"%3#0.539Y)1'/+,
!"-2R
Greece
0.887
Lithuania
[)*(,'A
!"3-Y+>',GP,'
!"R%6
Hungary
0.437
Malta
Iceland
Republic of Moldova !"#$%
U+*G,*E
!"2!R0.001\,=,AJHP,*
Ireland
Romania
U',*5)
!"!$70.699\X'/X=HP,*
!"!$R
Italy
0.525
Russia
Y)'(,*X
!"##R
@,P;+,
!"-6!
Luxembourg
0.387
Serbia and Montenegro
Netherlands
Slovenia
Y'))5)
!"R370.479@+PJC,*+,
!"--6
Norway
0.005
Tajikistan
NC*/,'X
!"326
4,GP,
!"7!#
Poland
0.730
Turkmenistan
Z5)G,*E
!"!!-0.511W)0C>G+591S941GE1;,
!"%-3
Portugal
Ukraine
Slovak Republic
Uzbekistan
Z')G,*E
!"#$20.297W1(,*+,
!"#36
Spain
0.443
Bangladesh
ZP,GX
!"#-6
WCHH+,
Sweden
0.048
Brunei Darussalam !"322
@CL)(>1C'/
!"3$20.022.)'>+,China (incl. Hong Kong)
!"662
Switzerland
Turkey
Chinese Taipei
K)PJ)'G,*EH
!"3$70.584.G1;)*+,
!"33R
United Kingdom
0.475
DPR of Korea
K1'_,X
!"!-!0.511I,?+A+HP,*
!"!3OECD Asia
India
Australia
Indonesia
a1G,*E
!"6%20.924IC'A()*+HP,*
!"$-!
Japan
Malaysia
a1'PC/,G
!"3R70.4178A',+*)
!"3R3
Korea
0.493
Myanmar
.G1;,A9W)0C>G+5
!"2230.1598=>)A+HP,*
!"#62
New Zealand
Nepal
Non-OECD Europe & Eurasia !"33R0.513F,*/G,E)HJ
Pakistan
.0,+*
!"%R%
Albania
0.051
Philippines
._)E)*
!"!#F'C*)+9[,'CHH,G,(
!"R3$
Armenia
0.230
Singapore
._+P=)'G,*E
!"!#!
DJ+*,9:+*5G"9N1*/9\1*/<
!"R6%
IC'A)X
!"#$#
DJ+*)H)9I,+0)+
!"6#R
8*+P)E9\+*/E1(
!"#$!
[aW91S9\1'),
!"#$3
-2(3459$8
!"%!3
Z*E+,
!"7%!
&CHP',G+,
!"$62
Z*E1*)H+,
!"R%R
^,0,*
!"#3%
4,G,XH+,
!"63$
\1'),
!"#R4X,*(,'
!"2#7
K)_9]),G,*E
!"-7K)0,G
!"!!#
>%&?-2(3
!"%!3
a,A+HP,*
!"##R
&G>,*+,
!"!23
aJ+G+00+*)H
!"#R1
2
0.613
Sri Lanka
.+*/,01')
!"%23
0.326
Thailand
.'+9@,*A,
!"#2%
0.770
Vietnam
0.492
Other Asia
IJ,+G,*E
!"%3!
0.513
Middle East
O+)P*,(
!"#!7
0.774
Bahrain
QPJ)'9&H+,
!"2R#
0.773
Cyprus
0.137
Iraq
/$;;<"4289*
!"6$R
0.870
Islamic Rep. of Iran
F,J',+*
!"R-$
1.293
Israel
DX0'CHJordan
!"R%%
0.102
0.513
Z',B Kuwait
!"R30.165
Lebanon
ZHG,(+59W)0"9QS9Z',*
!"6!7
0.904
Oman
0.513
ZH',)G Qatar
!"R20.426
^1'E,*Saudi Arabia
!"%$6
0.351
Syria
\C_,+PUnited Arab Emirates
!"$-!
0.786
0.369
Yemen
@)>,*1*
!"67$
0.038
Africa
Q(,*
!"$%7
0.858
Algeria
`,P,' Angola
!"#76
0.345
0.497
Benine
.,CE+9&',>+,
!"R#!
0.625
Botswanae
.X'+,
!"6#7
0.830
Cameroon
8*+P)E9&',>9T(+',P)H
!"67#
0.839
Congoe
0.631
V)()*Côte d'Ivoire
!"6#7
0.630
DR of Congo
5=+$78 Egypt
!"6#0.999
0.722
&G/)'+,Eritrea
!"%7!
0.528
&*/1G,Ethiopia
!"22!
0.456
Gabon
F)*+*)Ghana
!"67%
0.013
0.482
Kenya
F1PH_,*,)
-"7-6
0.526
Libya
D,()'11*
!"22$
0.731
Morocco
D1*/1)
DbP)9EcZ;1+')
[W91S9D1*/1
T/X0P
T'+P'),
TPJ+10+,
Y,>1*
YJ,*,
\)*X,
@+>X,
!"-37
!"#2$
!"!!3
!"#%7
!"66%
!"!7#
!"366
!"2%#
!"32!"$6$
0.384
4,'1551 Mozambique !"67!
0.583
Namibiae
41=,(>+BC)
!"!!!
0.417
Nigeria
0.469
K,(+>+,)Senegal
!"2%3
0.743
K+/)'+, South Africa !"376
0.876
Sudan
.)*)/,G Togo
!"%7#
0.851
0.744
Tunisia
.1CPJ9&S'+5,
!"7!!
0.598
United Rep. of Tanzania
.CE,*
!"#R!
0.839
Zambia
I1/1
0.775
Zimbabwe !"2R0.790
IC*+H+, Other Africa !"%#R
0.754
Central & South America
8*+P)E9W)0"9QS9I,*=,*+,
!"2%R
0.856
Argentina
0.862
],(>+, Bolivia
!"!!3
0.816
Brazil
]+(>,>_)
!"6-7
0.655
Chile
QPJ)'9&S'+5,
!"#$7
0.760
Colombia
1.029
456"+$78Costa Rica !"-R$
0.683
Cuba
&'/)*P+*,
!"3%$
0.752
Dominican Republic
F1G+;+, Ecuador
!"36$
0.386
0.683
F',=+G El Salvador !"!R%
0.683
Guatemala
D1G1(>+,Haiti
!"-36
0.016
D1HP,9W+5,
!"!%$
0.683
Honduras
0.408
Jamaica
DC>,
!"R3%
0.004
Netherlands Antilles
[1(+*+5,*9W)0C>G+5
!"633
0.436
Nicaragua
0.736
T5C,E1' Panama
!"3!0.011
Paraguay
TG9.,G;,E1'
!"3!#
0.311
Peru
YC,P)(,G,
!"3%#
0.150
Trinidad and Tobago
0.393
Uruguay
N,+P+
!"%-3
1.146
Venezuela
N1*EC',H
!"370.809
Other Latin America
^,(,+5,
K)PJ)'G,*EH9&*P+GG)H
K+5,',/C,
a,*,(,
a,',/C,X
a)'C
I'+*+E,E9,*E9I1>,/1
8'C/C,X
O)*)=C)G,
QPJ)'9@,P+*9&()'+5,
!"#R$
!"R!R
!"%!6
!"27R
!"!!!
!"22%
!"R2%
!"22!"2!3
!"2#2
tCO2/MWh
0.683
0.683
0.372
0.892
0.911
0.540
0.683
0.608
0.108
0.007
0.683
0.431
0.204
0.317
0.401
0.093
0.333
0.157
0.015
1.104
0.771
0.256
0.302
0.418
0.347
0.290
0.819
0.793
0.650
0.286
0.000
0.148
0.751
0.055
0.251
0.584
UNEP (2000): The GHG Indicator: UNEP Guidelines for Calculating Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Businesses and
Non-Commercial Organizations.
2
U.S. Energy Information Administration, based on data from the following sources: International Energy Agency (IEA),
Electricity Information Database 2007 and CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Database 2006, http://www.iea.org,
1 October 2007.
UNEP (2000): The GHG Indicator: UNEP Guidelines for Calculating Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Businesses and Non-Commercial Organizations.
2
International Energy Agency (IEA), highlights version of CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, http://www.iea.org, 2011