Annual Energy Review 2008
The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's
(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data
begin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,
consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,
electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financial
and environment indicators; and data unit conversions.
Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of
Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities
given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:
“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,
comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program
which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data
and information....”
The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,
energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers
regarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.
Important Notes About the Data
Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually
1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, and 1966-1969) are not shown on the tables in
the printed report or the Portable Document Formats (PDF) files; however, all
years of data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperText Markup Language
(HTML) files.
Comprehensive Changes: Most AER 2008 tables and figures carry a new
year of data (usually 2008), which are often preliminary and likely to be revised
next year, and revisions to much of the 2007 data, which are now final in many
cases.
Monthly Data: The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analysts
may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIA’s monthly releases
that offer updates to the most recent years’ data. In particular, see the Monthly
Energy Review at http://www.eia.doe.gov/mer for statistics that include updates to
many of the annual series in this report.
Released for printing: June 29, 2009
Ordering Information
This and other EIA publications may be purchased from the U.S. Government
Printing Office:
 Internet
U.S. Government Online Bookstore
 Phone
DC Metro Area: 202-512-1800
Toll-Free: 866-512-1800
7:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m., Eastern time, M-F
 Fax
202-512-2104
 Mail
Superintendent of Documents
P.O. Box 371954
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
For additional information see, http://bookstore.gpo.gov/index.jsp.
Complimentary copies are available to certain groups, such as public and academic
libraries; Federal, State, local, and foreign governments; EIA survey respondents;
and the media. For further information and answers to questions on energy statistics, contact:
National Energy Information Center, EI–30
Energy Information Administration
Forrestal Building, Room 1E-210
1000 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, DC 20585
202–586–8800
9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m., Eastern time, M-F
Fax: 202–586–0114
Email: [email protected]
GPO Stock No: 061-003-01153-5
Electronic Access
The AER is available on EIA’s website in a variety of formats at:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer.
 Full report and sections: PDF files
 Report tables: Excel, HTML, and PDF files
 Table data (unrounded): Excel files
 Graphs: PDF files
Note: In many cases, PDF files display selected annual data; Excel and HTML
files display all years of data available. Excel files display the greatest data precision available.
Printed with soy ink on recycled paper.
DOE/EIA-0384(2008)
Annual Energy Review 2008
June 2009
Energy Information Administration
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and
analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be
attributed to the Energy Information Administration and should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy of the Department of Energy or any other organization.
Contacts
The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Integrated Energy Statistics Division,
Domestic Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Katherine E. Seiferlein, 202-586-5695 ([email protected]). Questions and comments about the AER may
be referred to Ray Boyer, 202-586-1680 ([email protected]), the National Energy Information Center, 202-586-8800 ([email protected]), or to the following
subject specialists:
1. Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ray Boyer
[email protected]
202-586-1680
2. Energy Consumption by Sector
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Adler
Residential Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James Berry
Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . Joelle Michaels
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
202-586-1134
202-586-5543
202-586-8952
3. Financial Indicators
Financial Reporting System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Schmitt
[email protected]
202-586-8644
4. Energy Resources
Petroleum and Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert F. King
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . George Warholic
Uranium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Douglas C. Bonnar
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
202-586-4787
202-586-2307
202-586-1085
5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew Breslin
Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marlana Anderson
[email protected]
[email protected]
202-586-2992
202-586-2970
6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joseph Conklin
[email protected]
202-586-6664
7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paulette Young
[email protected]
202-586-1719
8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Channele Wirman
[email protected]
202-586-5346
9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John R. Moens
[email protected]
202-586-1509
10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louise Guey-Lee
[email protected]
202-586-1293
11. International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael J. Grillot
[email protected]
202-586-6577
12. Environmental Indicators
Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen E. Calopedis
Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natalie Ko
[email protected]
[email protected]
202-586-1156
202-586-3139
On August 1, 2009, after nearly 40 years of Federal government service, Katherine E. (Kitty) Seiferlein will retire. Kitty has been
the driving force behind the Annual Energy Review for 30 years. Kitty’s determination to provide timely, useful, and accurate
data to our customers while working cooperatively with her team and others in EIA is reflected in her receipt of the prestigious
2008 Administrator’s Award for Special Achievement. She leaves with our best wishes for a long and happy life in retirement.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
iii
Preface
The Annual Energy Review 2008 (AER) provides comprehensive energy data
extending over nearly six decades. The long perspective allows energy analysts to
evaluate events in today’s energy markets against the backdrop of history.
While a long-term perspective is vital to understanding the energy history of the
United States, a big-picture view of the current situation is imperative as well—even
when developed from preliminary data. For that purpose, we have incorporated
Figure 2.0, “Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008,” into this
year’s report (see page 37) to offer another way to examine the Nation’s primary
energy resources (petroleum, natural gas, coal, renewable energy, and nuclear electric power) as they are used by the demand sectors of the economy.
Figure 2.0 illustrates that in 2008, petroleum and natural gas supplied most of the
Nation’s energy, followed by coal, nuclear electric power, and renewable energy.
Among the demand sectors, the electric power sector used the largest share of the
total primary energy supply, followed by the transportation, industrial, and residential and commercial sectors.
Primary forms of energy vary widely in their appropriateness for end use. In 2008,
71 percent of all petroleum consumed in the United States was used to meet transportation requirements; 23 percent went to the industrial sector; 5 percent to the
residential and commercial sector; and only 1 percent to generate electricity. Natural gas was evenly used by the industrial sector and the residential and commercial
sector (34 percent each); 29 percent to generate electricity; and just 3 percent for
transportation purposes. Coal was predominantly used to generate electricity—91
percent of the resource—with most of the remaining supply used for industrial
purposes. Just over half (51 percent) of all renewable energy was used to generate
electricity; 28 percent went into industrial processes; 11 percent for transportation
uses, and 10 percent to the residential and commercial sector. All of the Nation’s
nuclear electric power supplied the electric power sector.
From the demand-sector point of view, the transportation sector’s total requirement
was met largely by petroleum, which accounted for 95 percent of the sector’s total
supply; renewable energy resources supplied 3 percent, and natural gas accounted
for the remaining 2 percent. The industrial sector’s needs were met 42 percent by
petroleum, 40 percent by natural gas, 10 percent by renewable energy, and 9 percent
by coal. The residential and commercial sector was heavily supplied by natural
gas—76 percent of the sector’s total requirements—16 percent by petroleum (in the
form of heating oil), 7 percent renewable energy, and 1 percent coal. The electric
power sector’s total supply was met 51 percent from coal, 21 percent nuclear electric power, 17 percent natural gas, 9 percent renewable energy, and only 1 percent
petroleum.
Electricity—a marvel of clean, readily available, adaptable energy—is a secondary
form of energy. That is, it is created by the consumption of the primary forms of
energy. Electricity is vital to nearly every facet of society, and is used particularly
extensively in the residential and commercial sector. Figure 2.0 illustrates the
supply and demand of primary energy only; total energy used by the residential
and commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors comprises the primary
energy used by each sector plus that sector’s share of all primary energy supplied
to the electric power sector to generate the electricity that is subsequently used by
the sector. For a full accounting of energy consumed by the major sectors, including each sector’s share of electricity and the electrical system energy losses
accrued from the generation of the electricity, its transmission in bulk from the
supply point to transformation sites, and its distribution to the final consumer, see
Tables 2.1a-f in Section 2, “Energy Consumption by Sector,” in this report.
The integrated tables and figures for production, consumption, and imports in this
report do not include uranium as a primary energy source. For both production and
consumption, nuclear-generated electricity is included based on its fossil-fuel
equivalent energy content.
The more recent data in this report are more likely to incur revisions in subsequent
releases by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) as fresh data become
available. This is particularly true of the 2008 data in the AER. EIA’s Monthly
Energy Review (http://www.eia.doe.gov/mer) is the recommended source for the
most current data for many of the series in the AER.
The AER, including complete time series supporting the tables and graphs, is available on the EIA website at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
v
Contents
Page
Energy Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Sections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Environmental Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Appendices
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Flow Diagrams
Energy Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Petroleum Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Natural Gas Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Coal Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Electricity Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
vii
Tables
Page
1. Energy Overview
1.1
Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2
Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3
Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4
Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5
Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.7
Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.8
Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.9
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2007, and 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2. Energy Consumption by Sector
2.1a
Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.1c
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.1e
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.1f
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.2
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.4
Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.5
Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.6
Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.7
Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.8
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.9
Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3. Financial Indicators
3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
Tables
Page
3. Financial Indicators—Continued
3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
85
87
89
91
93
94
4. Energy Resources
4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.5
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration
and Development Expenditures, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1974-2007. . . . . . . 117
4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
5. Petroleum
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13a
5.13b
5.13c
5.13d
Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
154
155
156
157
ix
Tables
Page
5. Petroleum—Continued
5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
5.15
Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
6. Natural Gas
6.1
Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
7. Coal
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
8. Electricity
8.1
8.2a
8.2b
8.2c
8.2d
8.3a
8.3b
8.3c
x
Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
227
230
231
232
233
235
236
237
Tables
Page
8. Electricity—Continued
8.4a
Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
8.4c
Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
8.5a
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
8.5c
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
8.6a
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
8.6c
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
8.7a
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . 254
8.7c
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
8.8
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
8.9
Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
9. Nuclear Energy
9.1
Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
9.3
Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
10. Renewable Energy
10.1
Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2c
Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4
Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5
Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.7
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
283
286
287
289
291
293
295
297
299
xi
Tables
Page
10. Renewable Energy—Continued
10.8
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
10.9
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
11. International Energy
11.1
World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
11.2
World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1997-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
11.3
World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1997-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
11.4
World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
11.5
World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
11.6
World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
11.7
Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
11.8
Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
11.9
World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
11.14 World Coal Production, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1997-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
12. Environmental Indicators
12.1
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5
Methane Emissions, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6
Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . .
12.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.8
Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
347
349
351
353
355
357
359
360
361
363
Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors
A1.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
A2.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
A3.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
xii
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Tables
Page
Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors—Continued
A4.
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
A5.
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
A6.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
B1.
Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
B2.
Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
B3.
Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator
D1.
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945
E1.
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xiii
Figures
Page
1. Energy Overview
1.0
Energy Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2
Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3
Primary Energy Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4
Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5
Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.7
Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.8
Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.9
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2007, and 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2. Energy Consumption by Sector
2.0
Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.1a
Energy Consumption by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.4
Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.5
Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.6
Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.7
Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.8
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.9
Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3. Financial Indicators
3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
xiv
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Figures
Page
3.
Financial Indicators—Continued
3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
86
88
90
92
4. Energy Resources
4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.5
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration
and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5. Petroleum
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13a
5.13b
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
Petroleum Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
127
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
150
152
153
158
162
164
166
xv
Figures
Page
5. Petroleum—Continued
5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
6. Natural Gas
6.0
Natural Gas Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1
Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
185
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
7. Coal
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
8. Electricity
8.0
8.1
8.2a
8.2b
8.3
8.4
8.5a
8.5b
xvi
Coal Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Coal Production, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Electricity Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Figures
Page
8.
Electricity—Continued
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11a
8.11b
8.12
8.13
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2008. . . . . 248
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
9. Nuclear Energy
9.1
Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
9.3
Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
10. Renewable Energy
10.1
Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
10.2c
Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
10.4
Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
10.5
Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
10.6
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
10.7
Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
10.8
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
10.9
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
11. International Energy
11.1
World Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
11.2
World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
11.3
World Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
11.4
World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
11.5
World Crude Oil Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
11.6
World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
11.7
Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
11.8
Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
11.9
World Crude Oil Refining Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
11.10 World Petroleum Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xvii
Figures
Page
11. International Energy—Continued
11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
11.14 World Coal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
11.15 World Coal Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
12. Environmental Indicators
12.1
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
12.5
Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
12.6
Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
12.7
Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
12.8
Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Division
C1.
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
xviii
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Overview
Figure 1. Primary Energy Overview
Figure 2. Energy Consumption per Person
Figure 2. Energy Consumption per Person
120
500
Peak: 359 in 1978 and 1979
400
Consumption
80
60
Million Btu
Quadrillion Btu
100
Production
40
300
200
100
Imports
20
327 in 2008
214 in 1949
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Thousand Btu
Figure
3. Energy
Consumption
per Real
Dollar¹
of Gross
Figure
3. Energy
Use per Dollar
of Gross
Domestic
Product
Domestic Product
1
8.52 in 2008
15
10
5
1970
1980
1990
2000
100
17.99 in 1970
1960
1970
Figure 4. Primary Energy Consumption by Source
Figure 4. Energy Consumption by Source
20
0
1950
1960
Energy use per person stood at 214 million British thermal units (Btu) in
1949. The rate generally increased until the oil price shocks of the mid1970s and early 1980s when the trend reversed for a few years. From 1988
on, the rate held fairly steady. In 2008, 327 million Btu of energy were
consumed per person, 52 percent above the 1949 rate.
1980
1990
2000
Quadrillion Btu
Thousand
Btu per
Chained
per Chained
(2000)
Dollar¹ (2000) Dolla
The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s when
energy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point,
the Nation began to import more energy to fill the gap. In 2008, net imported
energy accounted for 26 percent of all energy consumed.
25
0
1950
2000
75
Fossil Fuels
50
Nuclear Electric Power
25
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar’s worth of
the Nation’s output of goods and services trended down. The decline
resulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the economy. The level in 2008 was 53 percent below that of 1970.
Most energy consumed in the United States comes from fossil fuels.
Renewable energy resources supply a relatively small but steady portion. In
the late 1950s, nuclear fuel began to be used to generate electricity, and in
most years since 1988, nuclear electric power surpassed renewable
energy.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xix
Consumption by Source
Figure 5. Primary Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2008
Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source
50
Quadrillion Btu
40
Petroleum
30
Hydroelectric
Power
Natural Gas
20
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Coal
10
Wood
0
1650
1675
1700
1725
1750
1775
1800
1825
1850
1875
1900
50
Liquid Fuels¹
Quadrillion Btu
30
Coal2
20
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric Power
0
2010
2
2015
2020
2025
2030
Petroleum-derived fuels and non-petroleum-derived fuels, such as fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and coal-based synthetic liquids.
Includes net imports of coal coke.
xx
1975
2000
Natural Gas
Non-Hydroelectric
Renewable Energy
10
1
1950
In the long view of American history, wood
served as the preeminent form of energy
for about half of the Nation’s history.
Around 1885, coal surpassed wood’s
usage. Despite its tremendous and rapid
expansion, coal was in turn overtaken by
petroleum in the middle of the 20th
century. Natural gas, too, experienced
rapid development into the second half of
the 20th century, and coal began to
expand again. Late in the 20th century still
another form of energy, nuclear electric
power, was developed and made significant contributions.
Figure 6. Figure
Energy6.Consumption
Outlook, 2009-2030
Energy Consumption
History and Outlook
40
1925
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
While the Nation’s energy history is one of
large-scale change as new forms of
energy were developed, the outlook for the
next couple of decades (assuming current
laws, regulations, and policies) is for
continued reliance on fossil fuels (with coal
growing faster than liquid fuels and natural
gas); modest growth in hydroelectric power
and nuclear electric power; and a doubling
of non-hydroelectric renewable energy by
2030.
Consumption by Sector
Figure 7.
1. Total
Energy
Energy
Overview
Consumption by End-Use Sector
Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use
Figure 8. Residential and Commercial Total Energy
Figure 8. Residential and Commercial Energy Consumption
Consumption, Major Sources
40
24
30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Industrial
Transportation
20
10
Commercial
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
18
Losses¹
12
6
Residential
1990
0
1950
2000
Electricity
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Coal
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.
All four major economic sectors of the economy recorded tremendous
growth in their use of energy. The industrial sector used the biggest share of
total energy and showed the greatest volatility; in particular, steep drops
occurred in the sector in 1975, 1980-1982, 2001, 2005, and 2008 largely in
response to high oil prices and economic slowdown.
Figure 9. Industrial Total Energy Consumption, Major Sources
Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption
In the 1950s and 1960s, coal, which had been important to residential
and commercial consumers, was gradually replaced by other forms of
energy. Petroleum consumption peaked in the early 1970s. Natural gas
consumption grew fast until the early 1970s, and then, with mild fluctuations, held fairly steady in the following years. Meanwhile, electricity use
(and related losses) expanded dramatically.
Figure 10. Transportation Total Energy Consumption
Figure 10. Transportation Energy Consumption
12
32
Natural Gas
9
Losses¹
6
Electricity
3
Coal
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Petroleum
24
Total
Petroleum
16
8
Biomass
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.
Coal, once the predominant form of energy in the industrial sector, gave way
to natural gas and petroleum in the late 1950s. Both natural gas and petroleum use expanded rapidly until the early 1970s, and then fluctuated widely
over the following decades. Use of electricity and biomass trended upward.
Transportation sector use of energy experienced tremendous growth overall
but registered noticeable pauses in 1974, 1979-1982, 1990 and 1991, 2001
and 2008. In 2008, petroleum accounted for 94 percent of the transportation
sector’s total use of energy. In Btu, motor gasoline accounted for 62 percent
of all petroleum used in the sector; in barrels, motor gasoline accounted for
64 percent .
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xxi
Production and Trade
Figure 11. Primary Energy Production by Major Source
Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source
Figure 12. Production as Share of Consumption for Coal,
Figure 12. Fossil Fuel Production as Share
Natural Gas, and Petroleum
125
25
Coal
Coal
100
Percent
Natural Gas
75
50
Petroleum
20
25
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
The United States almost always produced more than enough coal for its
own requirements. For many years, the United States was also selfsufficient in natural gas, but after 1967, it produced less than it consumed
each year. Petroleum production fell far short of domestic demands, requiring the Nation to rely on imported supplies.
Quadrillion Btu
15
Crude Oil
10
Figure 13. Primary Energy Imports and Exports
Figure 13. Energy Imports and Exports
40
Nuclear Electric
Power
5
Hydroelectric
Power
NGPL¹
Quadrillion Btu
Total Imports
30
Petroleum
Imports
20
10
Total
Exports
Biomass
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
Coal Exports
1990
Petroleum
Exports
2000
¹ Natural gas plant liquids.
Most energy produced in the United States came from fossil fuels—coal,
natural gas, and crude oil. Coal, the leading source at the middle of the 20th
century, was surpassed by crude oil and then by natural gas. By the mid1980s, coal again became the leading energy source produced in the United
States, and crude oil declined sharply. In the 1970s, electricity produced
from nuclear fuel began to make a significant contribution and expanded
rapidly in the following decades.
xxii
Since the mid-1950s, the Nation imported more energy than it exported. In
2008, the United States imported 33 quadrillion Btu of energy and exported 7
quadrillion Btu. Most imported energy was in the form of petroleum; since
1986, natural gas imports expanded rapidly as well. Through 1992, most
exported energy was in the form of coal; after that, petroleum exports often
exceeded coal exports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Petroleum Overview and Crude Oil Production
Figure 14. Petroleum Overview
Figure 14. Petroleum Overview
Figure 15. 48 States and Alaskan Crude Oil Production
48 States and Alaskan Crude Oil
10
20
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
25
Consumption¹
15
Production ²
10
5
Net Imports
0
1950
8
48 States¹
6
4
Alaska
2
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1960
¹ Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.
² Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.
1
1970
1980
1990
2000
United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
When U.S. petroleum production peaked at 11.3 million barrels per day in
1970, net imports stood at 3.2 million barrels per day. By 1996, net imports
exceeded production. In 2008, production was 6.7 million barrels per day,
and net imports were 11.0 million barrels per day.
Crude oil production peaked in the 48 States at 9.4 million barrels per day
in 1970. As production fell in the 48 States, Alaska’s production came online and helped supply U.S. needs. Alaskan production peaked at 2.0
million barrels per day in 1988; in 2008, Alaska’s production stood at 34
percent of its peak level.
Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity
Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity
Figure
17.
Oil
and
Natural
Figure
17.Crude
Crude
Oil
and
NaturalGas
GasRotary
RotaryRigs
Rigsin Operation
5
Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981
4
15
Thousand Rigs
Barrels per Day per Well
20
Peak: 18.6
in 1972
10
5
9.4
in 2008
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
The amount of crude oil produced per day per well rose sharply in the 1960s
and reached a peak of 18.6 barrels per day per well in 1972. After 1972,
productivity generally declined. The 2008 rate of 9.4 barrels per day per well
was 49 percent below the peak and the lowest level since the Energy Information Administration began reporting oil well productivity.
3
2
1
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Rotary rig activity declined sharply from 1955 to 1971. After 1971, the
number of rigs in operation began to climb again, and a peak of nearly 4
thousand rigs in operation was registered in 1981. In 2008, 1,879 rigs were
in operation, more than double the level in 2002, but only 47 percent of the
peak level in 1981.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xxiii
Petroleum Consumption and Prices
Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption¹ by Sector
Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector
Figure 19. Petroleum Consumption¹ by Selected Product
Figure 19. Petroleum Consumption by Selected Product
10
Transportation
10
Electric Power²
Industrial
5
Residential and Commercial
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
15
Motor Gasoline
6
4
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG²
2
Jet Fuel
0
1950
2000
¹ Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.
² Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.
8
1960
1970
Residual Fuel Oil
1980
1990
2000
¹ Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.
² Liquefied petroleum gases.
Transportation was the largest consuming sector of petroleum and the one
showing the greatest expansion. In 2008, 13.7 million barrels per day of
petroleum products were consumed for transportation purposes, accounting
for 70 percent of all petroleum used.
Motor gasoline was the single largest petroleum product consumed in the
United States. Its consumption stood at 9.0 million barrels per day in 2008,
46 percent of all petroleum consumption. Distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), and jet fuel were other important products. The use of
residual fuel oil fell off sharply after 1977.
Figure
20.20.
Crude
OilOil
Refiner
Acquisition
Cost¹
Figure
Crude
Refiner
Acquisition
Cost¹
Figure
21. Retail Price of Motor Gasoline, All Grades
4.00
3.50
Dollars per Gallon
Dollars per Barrel
100
80
60
40
Real²
20
$3.32 in 2008 (Nominal)
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
Real¹
1.00
Nominal
0.50
Nominal
0
1970
1975
1980
0.00
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
¹ Composite of domestic and imported crude oil. ² In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by
using gross domestic product implicit price deflator. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
¹ In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflator.
See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
Unadjusted for inflation (nominal dollars), the refiner acquisition composite
(domestic and foreign) cost of crude oil reached $35.24 per barrel in 1981.
Over the years that followed, the price fell dramatically to a low of $12.52 per
barrel in 1998 before rising again. The preliminary nominal price reported for
2008 was $94.73 per barrel, a new peak level and up 39 percent over the
2007 price.
In nominal (unadjusted for inflation) dollars, Americans paid an average of
65¢ per gallon for motor gasoline in 1978. The 2008 average price of $3.32
was more than five times the 1978 rate; adjusted for inflation, it was 90
percent higher.
xxiv
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Petroleum Trade
Figure 22. Petroleum Trade
Figure 22. Petroleum Trade
Figure 23. Petroleum Imports From OPEC and Non-OPEC
Million Barrels per Day
10
8
Crude Oil Imports
6
Petroleum
Product Imports
4
Million Barrels per Day
10
12
2
8
Non-OPEC
6
OPEC
4
2
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
1960
2000
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
th
U.S. crude oil imports grew rapidly from mid-20 century until the late 1970s,
but fell sharply from 1979 to 1985 due to conservation efforts and improved
efficiency. After 1985, the upward trend resumed and stood at 9.8 million
barrels per day in 2008. Petroleum product imports were 3.1 million barrels
per day in 2008. Exports totaled 1.8 million barrels per day in 2008, mainly
in the form of petroleum coke and residual fuel oil.
U.S. petroleum imports rose sharply in the 1970s, and reliance on petroleum
from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) grew.
In 2008, 46 percent of U.S. petroleum imports came from OPEC countries,
down from 70 percent in 1977. After 1992, more petroleum came into the
United States from non-OPEC countries than from OPEC countries.
Figure
24.24.Petroleum
Imports
From Selected
OPEC Countries
Figure
Imports From
Selected
OPEC Countries
Figure 25. Petroleum Imports From Canada and Mexico
Figure 25. Imports From Canada and Mexico
2.5
Saudi Arabia
1.5
Venezuela
1.0
Nigeria
0.5
Iraq
0.0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
2.0
2.0
1.5
Canada
1.0
Mexico
0.5
0.0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Among OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria—nations
from three different continents—were key suppliers of petroleum to the U.S.
market. Each experienced wide fluctuation in the amount of petroleum it
sold to the United States over the decades. In 2008, 0.6 million barrels per
day of petroleum came into the United States from Iraq.
Canada and Mexico were the largest non-OPEC suppliers of petroleum to
the United States. In 2008, imports from Canada reached a new high of 2.5
million barrels per day. Imports from Mexico were insignificant until the mid1970s, when they began to play a key role in U.S. supplies. Canadian and
Mexican petroleum together accounted for 29 percent of all U.S. imports in
2008.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xxv
Petroleum Stocks
Figure 26. Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Figure 27. Total Petroleum Stocks and the SPR¹
Million Barrels
1,000
Million Barrels (Cumulative)
1,200
Crude Oil¹
800
600
Petroleum
Products
400
200
0
1950
1
1960
1970
1980
1990
2,000
Total
1,500
SPR¹
1,000
0
1950
2000
Includes crude oil and lease condensate stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Non-SPR1
500
1
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Through 1983, the Nation held most of its petroleum storage in the form of
products, which were ready for the market. After 1983, most petroleum in
storage was in the form of crude oil (including that held by the government in
the Strategic Petroleum Reserve) that still needed to be refined into usable
end products. At the end of 2008, petroleum stocks totaled 1.7 billion
barrels, 59 percent crude oil and 41 percent products.
In 1977, the United States began filling the Strategic Petroleum Reserve
(SPR), a national reserve of petroleum stocks in case of emergency. At the
end of 2008, the SPR held 702 million barrels of crude oil, 40 percent of all
U.S. petroleum stocks.
Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for the SPR¹
Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for SPR¹
Figure 29. SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports
Figure 29. SPR Stocks as Days' Worth of Net Imports
125
100
75
Days
Million Barrels
100
50
25
75
50
25
0
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
¹ Imported by the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) and imported by others for the SPR.
Most crude oil in the SPR was imported and came in during the early 1980s.
In fact, from 1991 through 1997, only 14 million barrels were imported for the
reserve, and in 3 of those years, no oil at all was imported for the reserve.
SPR imports picked up again after 1997, and stored another 159 million
barrels from 1998 through 2008.
xxvi
Stocks are often measured by the number of days of total net imports of
petroleum that could be met by the reserve in an emergency. The peak level
occurred in 1985 when the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) could have
supplied 115 days of petroleum net imports, at the 1985 level. The rate
trended down for many years, falling to 50 days in 2001. In 2008, SPR held
64 days of net imports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Motor Vehicles
Figure 31. Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption
Figure 31. Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption
175
Fuel Rate
Index 1973=100
150
gd
125
Mileage
100
75
Fuel Consumption
50
25
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle
Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators
Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators
5
Trucks
4
3
2
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs¹
1
Passenger Cars²
0
2000
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
¹ Sport utility vehicles. ² Motorcycles are included through 1989.
Average fuel consumption rates for trucks greatly exceeded those for other
vehicles, and trended upward over time—doubling from 2.3 thousand gallons
per truck in 1966 to 4.6 thousand gallons per truck in 2002. Average fuel
consumption rates for passenger cars, and vans, pickup trucks, and sport
utility vehicles were much lower and generally trended downward.
Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage
Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage
Figure 33. Motor Vehicle Fuel Rates
Figure 33. Motor Vehicle Fuel Rates
32
25
Trucks
24
Miles per Gallon
Thousand Miles per Vehicle
The composite motor vehicle fuel rate (miles per gallon) rose 42 percent from
1973 to 1991 and then varied little over the next 15 years. Mileage (miles per
vehicle) grew steadily from 1980 to 1998, and then hovered around 12 thousand miles per vehicle per year through 2007. Fuel consumption (gallons per
vehicle) fell 21 percent from 1973 to 1991, regained 9 percent from 1991 to
1999, and then trended down through 2007.
Vans, Pickup Trucks,
and SUVs¹
16
8
Passenger Cars²
20
Passenger Cars²
15
Vans, Pickup Trucks,
and SUVs¹
10
Trucks
5
0
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
¹ Sport utility vehicles. ² Motorcycles are included through 1989.
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
¹ Sport utility vehicles. ² Motorcycles are included through 1989.
Truck miles traveled per year, which greatly exceeded other vehicle categories, grew by 124 percent from 1966 to 2003, decreased 11 percent from
2003 to 2007, and averaged 25.1 thousand miles per vehicle in 2007.
Passenger cars averaged 12.3 thousand miles per vehicle in 2007. Vans,
pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles averaged 11.0 thousand miles per
vehicle in 2007.
Fuel rates (miles per gallon) for passenger cars, and vans, pickup trucks,
and sport utility vehicles (SUVs), improved noticeably from the late 1970s
through the early 1990s. Fuel rates for passenger cars improved further in
subsequent years; rates for vans, pickup trucks, and SUVs fell in 2002 and
2003, but increased in 2005 through 2007. Fuel rates for trucks, which were
much lower than for other vehicles, showed far less change over time.
Note: Motor vehicles include passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xxvii
Natural Gas
Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview
Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview
Figure 35. Natural Gas Well Average Productivity
Figure 35. Natural Gas Well Productivity
500
Consumption
20
Production
15
10
5
Net Imports
0
-5
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Thousand Cubic Feet
per Day per Well
Trillion Cubic Feet
25
Peak: 435 in 1971
400
300
113 in 2008
200
100
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
2000
U.S. natural gas production and consumption were nearly in balance through
1986. After that, consumption began to outpace production, and imports of
natural gas rose to meet U.S. requirements for the fuel. In 2008, production
stood at 20.6 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), net imports at 3.0 Tcf, and consumption
at 23.2 Tcf.
Natural gas well productivity, measured as gross withdrawals per day per
well, grew rapidly in the late 1960s, peaked in 1971, and then fell sharply
until the mid-1980s. Productivity remained fairly steady from 1985 through
1999, fell annually through 2006, and turned up slightly in 2007 and 2008.
Figure 36. Natural Gas Net Imports as Share of Consumption
Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption
Figure 37. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector
12
Percent
15
10
4.2% in 1986
12.7% in 2008
5
Trillion Cubic Feet
20
10
Industrial
8
6
Residential
4
Commercial
2
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Electric Power¹
0
1950
Transportation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.
Net imports of natural gas as a share of consumption was in the 4- to 6percent range from 1970 through 1987. Then, during a period when
consumption outpaced production, the share rose from 4.2 percent in 1986
to 16.4 percent in 2007. In 2008, the share was 12.7 percent.
xxviii
The industrial sector was both the largest consuming sector of natural gas
and the sector with the greatest volatility due to variability in industrial output.
In 2008, the industrial sector accounted for 34 percent of all natural gas
consumption, and the electric power sector accounted for 29 percent.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Coal
Figure 38. Coal Overview
Figure 38. Coal Overview
Figure 39. Coal Consumption by Sector
Figure 39. Coal Consumption by Sector
1.2
Billion Short Tons
Billion Short Tons
1.2
0.9
Production
0.6
Consumption
0.3
Electric Power¹
0.9
0.6
Residential, Commercial,
and Transportation
0.3
Industrial
Exports
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0.0
1950
2000
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.
Historically, U.S. coal production usually surpassed U.S. coal consumption.
In 2004 and 2005, however, production and consumption were in balance at
1.11 billion short tons in 2004 and 1.13 billion short tons in 2005. In 2006
through 2008, production again slightly exceeded consumption. Exports,
which peaked at 113 million short tons in 1981, stood at 82 million short tons
in 2008.
Figure 41. Coal Production by Mining Method
Figure 41. Production by Mining Method
Peak: 6.99 in 2000
6
4
5.99
in 2008
1.77 in 1978
2
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Improved mining technology and the shift toward more
surface-mined coal promoted dramatic improvement in
productivity from the Nation’s mines from 1978 through
2000, but productivity declined in 4 of the last 5 years.
Figure 42. Coal Production by Location
Figure 42. Production by Location
900
600
300
800
Surface
Underground
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
In 1949, one-fourth of U.S. coal came from surface
mines; by 1971, more than one-half was surface-mined;
and in 2008, 69 percent came from above-ground
mines.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Million Short Tons
8
Million Short Tons
Short Tons per Employee Hour
Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity
Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity
In the 1950s, most coal was consumed in the industrial sector, many homes
were still heated by coal, and the transportation sector consumed coal in
steam-driven trains and ships. By the 1960s, most coal was used for generating electricity. In 2008, the electric power sector accounted for 93 percent
of all coal consumption, on a tonnage basis.
East of the
Mississippi
600
400
200
West of the
Mississippi
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Western coal production expanded tremendously after
1969 and surpassed Eastern production beginning in
1999. In 2008, an estimated 58 percent of U.S. coal
came from West of the Mississippi.
xxix
Electricity Net Generation and Useful Thermal Output
Figure 43. Electricity Net Generation by Sector
Figure 44. Major Sources of Total Electricity Net Generation
Figure 44. Major sources of Net Generation
2.4
Total
(All Sectors)
3.0
Electric Power
1.5
Commercial
and Industrial
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Trillion Kilowatthours
Trillion Kilowatthours
4.5
1.8
Coal
Nuclear
Electric
Petroleum and Power
Natural Gas
1.2
0.6
0.0
1950
2000
Hydroelectric Power
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Total electricity net generation in all sectors grew from 0.3 trillion kilowatthours in 1949 to 4.1 trillion kilowatthours in 2008, failing to increase in only 3
years (1982, 2001, and 2008) over the entire span. Most generation was in
the electric power sector, but some occurred in the commercial and industrial
sectors.
Most electricity net generation came from coal. In 2008, fossil fuels (coal,
petroleum, and natural gas) accounted for 71 percent of all net generation,
while nuclear electric power contributed 20 percent, and renewable energy
resources 9 percent. In 2008, 67 percent of the net generation from renewable energy resources was derived from conventional hydroelectric power.
Figure 45. Electric Power Sector Net Generation by Plant Type
Figure 45. Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and
Figure
46. Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and2.5
Power Plants by Sector
5
Industrial
Electricity-Only Plants
3
2
1
Electric Power
Sector
Quadrillion Btu
Trillion Kilowatthours
2.0
4
1.5
1.0
Commercial
0.5
Electric Power
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
0
0.0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Most generating facilities exist to produce only electricity, but some function
as combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants that produce both electricity and
heat from a single heat source. Rather than being wasted, the heat from a
CHP plant is used for processes and applications in addition to electricity
generation.
xxx
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
The non-electrical output at a CHP plant is called useful thermal output.
Useful thermal output is thermal energy that is available from the plant for
use in industrial or commercial processes or heating or cooling applications. In 2008, the industrial sector generated 1.3 quadrillion Btu of
useful thermal output; the electric power and commercial sectors generated much smaller quantities.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Electricity Prices, Sales, and Trade
Figure
14 47. Average Real¹ Retail Prices of Electricity by Sector
Figure 48. Electricity Retail Sales by Sector
Trillion Kilowatthours
1.5
Residential
12
Commercial
11
Chained (2000) Cents per Kilowatthour
10
Residential
Trillion Kilowatthours
13
1.0
Industrial
0.5
Commercial
Transportation
0.0
1950
9
8
Other
7
Transportation
6
5
1970
1980
1990
2000
Enormous growth occurred in the amount of electricity retail sales to the
three major sectors—residential, commercial, and industrial. Industrial
sector sales showed the greatest volatility. Sales to residences exceeded
sales to industrial sites beginning in the early 1990s, and sales to commercial sites surpassed industrial sales beginning in the late 1990s.
Figure 49. Electricity Trade
Figure 49. Electricity Trade
Industrial
60
Billion Kilowatthours
4
3
2
1
0
1960
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price
deflators. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
Over the decades, industrial consumers paid the lowest rates for electricity;
residential customers usually paid the highest prices. Inflation-adjusted
prices rose in all sectors in 2005, 2006, and 2008 but remained well below
the peak price levels of the mid-1980s.
45
30
Imports
15
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Except for a few years in the 1960s when imported and exported electricity
were nearly equal, the United States imported more electricity than it
exported. Most electricity trade occurred with Canada; very small exchanges
occurred between the United States and Mexico. In 2008, net imported electricity was less than 0.9 percent of all electricity used in the United States.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xxxi
Nuclear Electric Power
Figure 51. Nuclear Operable Units
Operable Units¹
16
120
12
90
Number of Units
8
4
0
1957
1977
1987
Figure 52. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity
1997
60
30
2007
1960
1970
100
90
75
1980
1990
2000
Out of the 132 nuclear units that were granted full-power operating licenses, or
equivalent permission, over time, 28 were permanently shut down. The largest
number of units ever operable in the United States was 112 in 1990. From 1998
through 2008, 104 units were operable.
Figure 53. Nuclear Capacity Factor
120
Figure 54. Nuclear Share of Net Generation
Figure 51. Nuclear Share of Electricity
25
20
100
in
2008
60
30
Percent
Million Kilowatts
104 Units
In 2008
0
1967
A total of 132 nuclear full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission, were
issued in the United States since the nuclear industry got its start in the 1950s.
Most of the licenses were granted between 1962 and 1990. After 1990, one license
was issued in 1993 and one in 1996.
50
92%
in
2008
25
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
The U.S. nuclear industry’s first commercial plant
opened in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, in 1957.
Nuclear net summer capacity expanded sharply in the
1970s and 1980s. Total net summer capacity stood
at 100 million kilowatts in 2008.
15
20%
in
2008
10
5
0
1960
xxxii
Peak: 112 Units
in 1990
Percent
Number
Figure 50. Nuclear Full-Power Operating Licenses Issued
Full-Power Operating Licenses Issued², 1957-2006
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Nuclear capacity factors measure actual nuclear
power generation as a share of maximum possible
output. Factors for the industry, which were in the 50to 60-percent range through the 1980s, generally
improved in later years and stood at 92 percent in
2008.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Over the latter part of the last century, nuclear electric
power began to play a key role in meeting the Nation's
rapidly growing electricity requirements. In 2008, 20
percent of U.S. total electricity net generation came
from nuclear electric power.
Renewable Energy
Figure
10 55. Renewable Energy Total Consumption
and Major Sources
6
8
Total
6
Hydroelectric
Power
4
2
Transportation
5
Wind
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Figure 56. Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector
Figure 56. Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector
Wood¹
Electric Power1
Commercial
4
3
2
Industrial
1
Residential
Biofuels
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
1950
2000
¹ Wood and wood-derived fuels.
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.
Total renewable energy consumption generally followed the pattern of
hydroelectric power output, which was the largest component of the total for
most of the years shown. In 2008, hydroelectric power accounted for 34
percent of the total. Wood was the next largest source of renewable energy,
followed by biofuels, wind, waste, geothermal, and solar/photovoltaic.
Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector
Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector
Most renewable energy was consumed by the electric power sector to
generate electricity. After 1958, the industrial sector was the second largest
consuming sector of renewable energy; the residential sector was the third
largest consuming sector of renewable energy until it was exceeded by the
transportation sector in 2006.
Figure
58.58.Solar
Thermal
Collector
Shipments
and Trade
Figure
Solar
Collector
Shipments
and Trade
2.4
25
1.2
Residential
Commercial
0.6
0.0
1950
Electric Power¹
Transportation
1960
1970
1980
1990
Million Square Feet
Quadrillion Btu
Industrial
1.8
20
15
Total Shipments
10
5
Imports
Exports
0
2000
¹ Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.
After 1959, the industrial sector consumed the most biomass (wood, waste,
fuel ethanol, and biodiesel). Residential use of biomass (wood) fell through
1973, expanded from 1974 through 1985, and then trended downward again.
Transportation consumption of biomass (fuel ethanol and biodiesel)
expanded after 1996 and by 2006 exceeded the electric power sector’s
consumption of biomass (wood and waste).
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Notes: • Data were not collected for 1985. • Shipments include all domestically manufactured
collectors plus imports.
Shipments of solar thermal collectors grew strongly in the 1970s and
reached a peak of 21 million square feet in 1981. Uneven performance
was recorded over the next decade, followed by a mild upward trend during
the 1990s, a bump up in 2001 and 2002, and again in 2004 through 2006
before declining in 2007. Imports reached a record level of 4.5 million
square feet in 2005.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xxxiii
International Energy
Figure 59. World Primary Energy Production by Source
Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source
Figure 60. World Primary Energy Production by Region
Figure 59. World Primary Energy Production by Region
150
Crude Oil
and NGPL¹
135
90
Middle East
125
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
180
Coal
Natural Gas
45
Renewable Energy
North America
100
Asia and Oceania
75
Eurasia
50
Europe
Africa
25
Central and South America
Nuclear Electric Power
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1997
2005
1998
1999
2000
2001 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
¹ Natural gas plant liquids.
From 1970 to 2006, world primary energy production grew by 118 percent,
reaching 469 quadrillion Btu in 2006. Growth occurred in all types of energy.
In 2006, fossil fuels accounted for 86 percent of all energy produced worldwide, renewable energy 8 percent, and nuclear electric power 6 percent.
Figure 62. Leading Crude Oil Producers
Figure 61. Leading Crude Oil Producers
24
40
OPEC¹
20
1970
1980
1990
2000
12
10
Former U.S.S.R.
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
8
6
Russia
4
Iran
2
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Million Barrels per Day
World
60
0
1960
Figure 63. Leading Petroleum Consumers
Figure 62. Leading Petroleum Consumers
14
80
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
Figure
100 61. World Crude Oil Production
Twenty-one percent of the 469 quadrillion Btu of energy produced worldwide
in 2006 came from North America. The largest regional energy producer
was Asia and Oceania with 26 percent of the world total in 2006.
United States
18
12
Former U.S.S.R.
Japan
6
Russia
China
0
1960
India
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
World crude oil production totaled 74 million barrels
per day in 2008, up 1 percent from the level in 2007.
OPEC’s share of the world total in 2008 was 44
percent, compared to the peak level of 53 percent in
1973.
xxxiv
From 1974 through 1991, the former U.S.S.R. was the
world’s leading crude oil producer. After 1991, Saudi
Arabia was the top producer until 2006, when Russia’s
production exceeded Saudi Arabia’s for the first time.
U.S. production peaked in 1970 but still ranked third in
2008.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
The United States accounted for 24 percent of world
petroleum consumption in 2007. China and Japan, the
next two leading consumers, together accounted for
15 percent. Russia, Germany, and India were the
next largest consumers of petroleum in 2007.
Emissions
8
Total
6
Carbon Dioxide
4
2
0
1980
Other¹
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
¹ Methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6).
FigureFigure
65. Carbon
Dioxide
Emissions
FromFrom
Energy
Use Use
64. Carbon
Dioxide
Emissions
Energy
Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide
Billion Metric Tons Carbon
Million Metric Tons
Dioxide Equivalent
Figure
10 64. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Based on Global
Warming Potential
2.4
Transportation
1.8
Industrial
1.2
Residential
0.6
Commercial
0.0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Electric power sector emissions are distributed to the end-use sectors.
Carbon dioxide emitted by the industrial sector fell by 8 percent from 1980
to 2007. By 1999, transportation sector carbon dioxide emissions exceeded
industrial sector emissions. Of the major sectors, the commercial sector
generated the least carbon dioxide, but recorded the largest growth (67
percent) since 1980.
Figure 66. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Figure 67. Methane Emissions by Source
175
Inflation-Adjusted
Gross Domestic Product¹
Index 1990=100
150
125
Energy-Related
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
100
75
50
25
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Million Metric Tons of Methane
The combustion of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—to release
their energy creates emissions of carbon dioxide, the most significant greenhouse gas. Total carbon dioxide emissions stood at 6 billion metric tons of
gas in 2007, 20 percent higher than the 1990 level.
15
Waste Management
Energy
10
Agriculture
5
Industrial Processes
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
¹ Based on chained (2000) dollars. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
While real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 62 percent from 1990 to
2007, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions grew by 19 percent. From
2000 to 2007, GDP rose 17 percent, and energy-related carbon dioxide
emissions rose 2 percent.
In 2007, methane emissions accounted for 10 percent of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, weighted by global warming potential. Most methane emissions came from energy, waste management, and agricultural
sources. The production, processing, and distribution of natural gas
accounted for 61 percent of the energy-related methane emissions in
2007.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
xxxv
Figure Sources
Data for Energy Perspectives, 1949-2008, figures and text are derived from the following Annual Energy Review 2008 tables and additional sources:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Table 1.1.
Table 1.5.
Table 1.5.
Table 1.3.
Tables 1.3, 10.1, and E1.
Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2009
(April 2009), Updated Reference Case Tables, Table 1, "Total
Energy Supply and Disposition Summary."
Table 2.1a.
Tables 2.1b and 2.1c.
Table 2.1d.
Tables 2.1e, 5.13c, and 5.14c.
Table 1.2.
Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.
Table 1.4.
Table 5.1.
Table 5.2.
Table 5.2.
Table 4.4.
Tables 5.13a-d.
Table 5.11.
Table 5.21.
Table 5.24.
Tables 5.3 and 5.5.
Table 5.4.
Table 5.4.
Table 5.4.
Table 5.16.
Table 5.16.
Table 5.17.
Table 5.17.
Table 2.8.
Table 2.8.
Table 2.8.
xxxvi
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
Table 2.8.
Table 6.1.
Table 6.4.
Table 6.3.
Table 6.5.
Table 7.1.
Table 7.3.
Table 7.6.
Table 7.2.
Table 7.2.
Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.
Table 8.2a.
Table 8.2c.
Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
Table 8.10.
Table 8.9.
Table 8.1.
Table 9.1.
Table 9.1.
Table 9.2.
Table 9.2.
Table 9.2.
Table 10.1.
Tables 10.2a–10.2c.
Tables 10.2a–10.2c.
Table 10.6.
Table 11.1.
Table 11.2.
Table 11.5.
Table 11.5.
Table 11.10.
Table 12.1.
Table 12.2.
Tables 1.5 and 12.2.
Tables 12.1 and 12.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1
Energy Overview
The continental United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite
imagery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.
Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
1
Includes lease condensate.
Natural gas plant liquids.
3
Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.
4
Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
5
Natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, and electricity.
6
Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.
7
Coal, natural gas, coal coke, and electricity.
8
Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
2
9
Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel.
Includes 0.04 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.
11
Includes 0.11 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.
12
Primary consumption, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses, which are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail
sales. See Note, “Electrical Systems Energy Losses,” at end of Section 2.
Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for
publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
10
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
3
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview
Overview, 1949-2008
Production and Consumption, 2008
120
120
Consumption
99
Renewable
90
Production
60
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
90
74
Renewable
60
Nuclear
Fossil
Fuels
Imports
30
Nuclear
30
Fossil
Fuels
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Overview, 2008
0
Production
Energy Flow, 2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
120
99
Quadrillion Btu
90
74
60
33
30
7
0
Production
1
Imports
Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.
(s)=Less than 0.5 quadrillion Btu.
4
Exports
Consumption
Source: Table 1.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Consumption
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
Production
Year
Fossil
Fuels 2
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
28.748
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
58.042
58.938
58.241
56.331
54.733
54.723
55.101
55.074
58.006
59.008
58.529
57.458
54.416
58.849
57.539
56.575
57.167
57.875
57.483
58.560
57.872
57.655
55.822
58.044
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.894
56.157
55.914
55.056
R55.968
R56.246
57.940
1
Trade
Coal
Total 6
Total
0.877
.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.546
1.531
1.425
1.620
1.761
1.597
1.442
1.078
1.753
2.421
2.944
2.787
2.045
2.151
2.438
2.248
2.093
2.499
2.637
2.772
2.854
2.682
1.962
1.879
2.318
2.368
2.193
2.092
1.525
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.592
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.151
2.118
2.033
2.203
2.323
2.172
2.052
1.920
2.855
3.695
4.307
4.608
3.693
3.786
4.196
4.021
3.812
4.366
4.661
4.752
5.141
4.937
4.258
4.061
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
3.770
3.668
4.054
4.433
4.561
4.868
R5.448
7.065
-0.144
.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
7.384
9.269
12.580
12.101
11.709
14.588
17.896
17.186
16.605
12.101
9.412
7.253
8.059
8.685
7.584
10.130
11.586
12.929
14.105
14.065
13.194
14.435
17.014
18.329
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.805
29.238
25.775
0.403
-1.372
-.444
-.427
-.722
-1.367
-.818
-.485
-.456
-.482
-1.067
-.178
-1.948
-.337
-1.649
-1.212
-.258
-.724
.799
-.894
1.107
-.552
-.073
.860
1.362
-.283
.881
1.394
2.094
.038
2.104
2.466
1.430
-.139
1.373
2.518
-1.952
1.184
.938
.857
.710
R-.969
R.813
-.183
Imports
Exports
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy 3
Total
Petroleum 4
Total 5
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.033
8.143
7.959
8.222
8.160
8.214
R8.458
8.455
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.478
6.034
R6.562
R6.524
R6.187
R6.225
R5.741
R5.570
R6.394
R6.208
R6.240
R5.995
R6.265
R6.157
R6.705
R7.168
R7.181
6.659
6.683
6.262
5.318
5.899
R6.148
6.248
R6.410
R6.857
6.800
7.316
31.722
35.540
40.148
42.804
50.676
63.501
62.723
63.920
63.585
62.372
61.357
61.602
62.052
63.137
65.948
67.232
67.014
66.623
R64.181
R68.925
R67.801
R67.180
R67.662
R69.032
R69.479
R70.872
R70.534
R70.129
R68.497
R70.895
R71.320
R72.642
R72.635
73.041
71.907
71.490
71.892
R70.935
70.264
70.384
R69.626
R71.039
R71.504
73.711
1.427
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
8.540
10.299
13.466
13.127
12.948
15.672
18.756
17.824
17.933
14.658
12.639
10.777
10.647
11.433
10.609
13.201
14.162
15.747
17.162
17.117
16.348
16.968
18.510
19.243
18.881
20.284
21.740
22.908
23.133
24.531
25.398
R24.673
R26.218
28.196
R29.247
R29.162
R28.762
27.556
1.448
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
9.535
11.387
14.613
14.304
14.032
16.760
19.948
19.106
19.460
15.796
13.719
11.861
11.752
12.471
11.781
14.151
15.398
17.296
18.766
18.817
18.335
19.372
21.273
22.390
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
29.407
31.061
33.543
34.710
34.673
R34.685
32.840
Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation.
4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
5 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, and electricity.
6 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, and electricity.
7 Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stock
change and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,
2
3
Consumption
Stock
Change
and
Other 7
Net Imports 1
Fossil
Fuels 8
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy 3
29.002
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
64.596
67.696
70.316
67.906
65.355
69.104
70.989
71.856
72.892
69.826
67.570
63.888
63.154
66.504
66.091
66.031
68.522
71.556
72.913
72.333
71.880
73.397
74.836
76.258
77.258
79.783
80.874
81.370
82.428
84.733
82.903
83.750
84.078
85.830
85.817
R84.690
R86.176
83.436
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.033
8.143
7.959
8.222
8.160
8.214
R8.458
8.455
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.478
6.034
R6.562
R6.524
R6.187
R6.225
R5.741
R5.570
R6.394
R6.208
R6.240
R5.995
R6.264
R6.157
R6.707
R7.169
7.178
R6.658
6.681
6.264
5.316
R5.894
6.150
R6.260
R6.423
R6.908
R6.814
7.300
Total 9
31.982
34.616
40.208
45.087
54.017
67.844
69.289
72.704
75.708
73.991
71.999
76.012
78.000
79.986
80.903
78.122
76.168
73.153
R73.039
R76.715
R76.493
R76.759
R79.175
R82.822
R84.946
R84.654
R84.609
R85.958
R87.605
R89.261
R91.174
R94.176
R94.766
95.183
96.817
98.975
96.326
97.858
98.209
100.351
R100.485
R99.875
R101.554
99.304
losses, and unaccounted for; and fuel ethanol stock change.
8 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.
9 Also includes electricity net imports.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary Energy Consumption" in
Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
Sources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
5
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source
By Source Category, 1949-2008
By Major Source, 1949-2008
75
25
Coal
Quadrillion Btu
Fossil Fuels
50
20
Natural Gas
25
Nuclear Electric Power
Renewable Energy
15
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Crude Oil¹
Quadrillion Btu
0
2000
By Source, 2008
30
10
25
24
Nuclear Electric
Power
21
Quadrillion Btu
20
15
5
11
10
Hydroelectric Power2
8
5
NGPL3
4
2
2
1
0
Coal
1
2
6
Biomass
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil¹
Includes lease condensate.
Conventional hydroelectric power.
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Power²
NGPL³
0
Geothermal,
Solar/PV,
Wind
1950
1960
3
Natural gas plant liquids.
Source: Table 1.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 1
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Crude
Oil 3
11.974
14.060
12.370
10.817
13.055
14.607
13.186
14.092
13.992
14.074
14.989
15.654
15.755
14.910
17.540
18.598
18.377
18.639
17.247
19.719
19.325
19.509
20.141
20.738
221.360
22.488
21.636
21.694
20.336
22.202
22.130
22.790
23.310
24.045
23.295
22.735
223.547
22.732
22.094
22.852
23.185
23.790
R23.493
23.856
5.377
6.233
9.345
12.656
15.775
21.666
22.280
22.208
22.187
21.210
19.640
19.480
19.565
19.485
20.076
19.908
19.699
18.319
16.593
18.008
16.980
16.541
17.136
17.599
17.847
18.326
18.229
18.375
18.584
19.348
19.082
19.344
19.394
19.613
19.341
19.662
20.166
19.439
19.691
19.093
18.574
R19.022
R19.623
21.150
10.683
11.447
14.410
14.935
16.521
20.401
20.033
20.041
19.493
18.575
17.729
17.262
17.454
18.434
18.104
18.249
18.146
18.309
18.392
18.848
18.992
18.376
17.675
17.279
16.117
15.571
15.701
15.223
14.494
14.103
13.887
13.723
13.658
13.235
12.451
12.358
12.282
12.163
12.026
11.503
10.963
10.801
R10.721
10.519
Coal
NGPL
4
0.714
.823
1.240
1.461
1.883
2.512
2.544
2.598
2.569
2.471
2.374
2.327
2.327
2.245
2.286
2.254
2.307
2.191
2.184
2.274
2.241
2.149
2.215
2.260
2.158
2.175
2.306
2.363
2.408
2.391
2.442
2.530
2.495
2.420
2.528
2.611
2.547
2.559
2.346
2.466
2.334
2.356
R2.409
2.415
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
28.748
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
58.042
58.938
58.241
56.331
54.733
54.723
55.101
55.074
58.006
59.008
58.529
57.458
54.416
58.849
57.539
56.575
57.167
57.875
57.483
58.560
57.872
57.655
55.822
58.044
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.894
56.157
55.914
55.056
R55.968
R56.246
57.940
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.033
8.143
7.959
8.222
8.160
8.214
R8.458
8.455
1.425
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
2.824
2.864
2.861
3.177
3.155
2.976
2.333
2.937
2.931
2.900
2.758
3.266
3.527
3.386
2.970
3.071
2.635
2.334
2.837
3.046
3.016
2.617
2.892
2.683
3.205
3.590
3.640
3.297
3.268
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.825
2.690
2.703
2.869
R2.446
2.452
NA
NA
NA
.001
.004
.011
.012
.031
.043
.053
.070
.078
.077
.064
.084
.110
.123
.105
.129
.165
.198
.219
.229
.217
.317
.336
.346
.349
.364
.338
.294
.316
.325
.328
.331
.317
.311
.328
.331
.341
.343
.343
R.349
.358
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.055
.060
.063
.064
.066
.069
.070
.071
.070
.070
.069
.066
.065
.064
.064
.065
.066
.072
R.081
.091
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.022
.029
.031
.030
.031
.036
.033
.033
.034
.031
.046
.057
.070
.105
.115
.142
.178
.264
R.341
.514
1.549
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.432
1.503
1.529
1.540
1.499
1.713
1.838
2.038
2.152
2.476
R2.597
2.664
R2.906
R2.973
R3.018
R2.934
R2.877
R3.019
R3.162
R2.737
R2.784
R2.935
R2.912
R3.031
R3.103
R3.158
R3.112
2.933
2.969
3.010
2.629
2.712
2.815
3.011
R3.120
R3.309
R3.583
3.900
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.478
6.034
R6.562
R6.524
R6.187
R6.225
R5.741
R5.570
R6.394
R6.208
R6.240
R5.995
R6.265
R6.157
R6.705
R7.168
R7.181
6.659
6.683
6.262
5.318
5.899
R6.148
6.248
R6.410
R6.857
6.800
7.316
31.722
35.540
40.148
42.804
50.676
63.501
62.723
63.920
63.585
62.372
61.357
61.602
62.052
63.137
65.948
67.232
67.014
66.623
R64.181
R68.925
R67.801
R67.180
R67.662
R69.032
R69.479
R70.872
R70.534
R70.129
R68.497
R70.895
R71.320
R72.642
R72.635
73.041
71.907
71.490
71.892
R70.935
70.264
70.384
R69.626
R71.039
R71.504
73.711
Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation.
Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount of
refuse recovery. See Table 7.1.
3 Includes lease condensate.
4 Natural gas plant liquids.
5 Conventional hydroelectric power.
2
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.
Notes: • See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
7
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source
Production and Consumption, 1949-2008
By Major Source, 1949-2008
120
45
Quadrillion Btu
100
40
Consumption
80
Petroleum1
60
Production
35
40
30
20
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Quadrillion Btu
0
2000
By Source, 2008
45
25
Natural Gas
20
37
15
Quadrillion Btu
Coal
30
24
10
22
Nuclear Electric Power
15
5
Hydroelectric Power2
8
4
2
Biomass
1
0
0
Petroleum¹ Natural
Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Biomass
Hydro- Geothermal,
electric Solar/PV,
Power²
Wind
1
Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.
Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in
“Biomass.”
8
1950
1960
2
1970
Conventional hydroelectric power.
Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 1
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Coal
Coal Coke
Net
Imports 2
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum
11.981
12.347
11.167
9.838
11.581
12.265
11.598
12.077
12.971
12.663
12.663
13.584
13.922
13.766
15.040
15.423
15.908
15.322
15.894
17.071
17.478
17.260
18.008
18.846
19.070
19.173
18.992
19.122
19.835
19.909
20.089
21.002
21.445
21.656
21.623
22.580
21.914
21.904
22.321
22.466
22.797
22.447
R22.749
22.421
-0.007
.001
-.010
-.006
-.018
-.058
-.033
-.026
-.007
.056
.014
(s)
.015
.125
.063
-.035
-.016
-.022
-.016
-.011
-.013
-.017
.009
.040
.030
.005
.010
.035
.027
.058
.061
.023
.046
.067
.058
.065
.029
.061
.051
.138
.044
.061
.025
.041
5.145
5.968
8.998
12.385
15.769
21.795
22.469
22.698
22.512
21.732
19.948
20.345
19.931
20.000
20.666
20.235
19.747
18.356
17.221
18.394
17.703
16.591
17.640
18.448
19.602
19.603
20.033
20.714
21.229
21.728
22.671
23.085
23.223
22.830
22.909
23.824
22.773
23.558
22.897
22.931
22.583
R22.224
R23.628
23.838
11.883
13.315
17.255
19.919
23.246
29.521
30.561
32.947
34.840
33.455
32.731
35.175
37.122
37.965
37.123
34.202
31.931
30.232
30.054
31.051
30.922
32.196
32.865
34.222
34.211
33.553
32.845
33.527
33.744
34.562
34.437
35.673
36.160
36.817
37.838
38.264
38.186
38.227
38.809
40.294
40.393
39.958
R39.773
37.137
4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Wind
Biomass
Total
Electricity
Net
Imports 2
29.002
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
64.596
67.696
70.316
67.906
65.355
69.104
70.989
71.856
72.892
69.826
67.570
63.888
63.154
66.504
66.091
66.031
68.522
71.556
72.913
72.333
71.880
73.397
74.836
76.258
77.258
79.783
80.874
81.370
82.428
84.733
82.903
83.750
84.078
85.830
85.817
R84.690
R86.176
83.436
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.033
8.143
7.959
8.222
8.160
8.214
R8.458
8.455
1.425
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
2.824
2.864
2.861
3.177
3.155
2.976
2.333
2.937
2.931
2.900
2.758
3.266
3.527
3.386
2.970
3.071
2.635
2.334
2.837
3.046
3.016
2.617
2.892
2.683
3.205
3.590
3.640
3.297
3.268
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.825
2.690
2.703
2.869
R2.446
2.452
NA
NA
NA
.001
.004
.011
.012
.031
.043
.053
.070
.078
.077
.064
.084
.110
.123
.105
.129
.165
.198
.219
.229
.217
.317
.336
.346
.349
.364
.338
.294
.316
.325
.328
.331
.317
.311
.328
.331
.341
.343
.343
R.349
.358
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.055
.060
.063
.064
.066
.069
.070
.071
.070
.070
.069
.066
.065
.064
.064
.065
.066
.072
R.081
.091
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.022
.029
.031
.030
.031
.036
.033
.033
.034
.031
.046
.057
.070
.105
.115
.142
.178
.264
R.341
.514
1.549
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.432
1.503
1.529
1.540
1.499
1.713
1.838
2.038
2.152
2.476
R2.597
2.664
R2.906
R2.973
R3.018
R2.934
R2.877
R3.019
R3.162
R2.737
R2.784
R2.935
R2.912
R3.031
R3.105
R3.160
R3.109
R2.932
R2.968
3.013
2.627
R2.707
2.817
3.023
R3.133
R3.361
R3.597
3.884
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.478
6.034
R6.562
R6.524
R6.187
R6.225
R5.741
R5.570
R6.394
R6.208
R6.240
R5.995
R6.264
R6.157
R6.707
R7.169
7.178
R6.658
6.681
6.264
5.316
R5.894
6.150
R6.260
R6.423
R6.908
R6.814
7.300
0.005
.006
.014
.015
(s)
.007
.012
.026
.049
.043
.021
.029
.059
.067
.069
.071
.113
.100
.121
.135
.140
.122
.158
.108
.037
.008
.067
.087
.095
.153
.134
.137
.116
.088
.099
.115
.075
.072
.022
.039
.084
.063
.107
.112
Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation.
Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
3 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"
at end of Section 6.
4 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Does
not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass."
5 Conventional hydroelectric power.
2
Total
31.982
34.616
40.208
45.087
54.017
67.844
69.289
72.704
75.708
73.991
71.999
76.012
78.000
79.986
80.903
78.122
76.168
73.153
R73.039
R76.715
R76.493
R76.759
R79.175
R82.822
R84.946
R84.654
R84.609
R85.958
R87.605
R89.261
R91.174
R94.176
R94.766
95.183
96.817
98.975
96.326
97.858
98.209
100.351
R100.485
R99.875
R101.554
99.304
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 and greater than -0.0005
quadrillion Btu.
Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. • See Table E1 for estimated energy
consumption for 1635-1945. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
Sources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
9
Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2008
Energy Net Imports
Imports and Exports, 2008
35
40
30
32.8
30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
25
20
15
10
5
20
Petroleum
27.6
10
7.1
0
-5
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Imports
Exports
Energy Exports
40
8
30
6
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Energy Imports
Petroleum 3.8
0
2000
Total
20
Petroleum
10
Total
4
Coal
2
Petroleum
0
0
1950
1960
1970
Note: Negative net imports are net exports.
10
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
Source: Table 1.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports
Petroleum
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oil 2
Petroleum
Products 3
Total
0.008
.009
.008
.007
.005
.001
.003
.001
.003
.052
.024
.030
.041
.074
.051
.030
.026
.019
.032
.032
.049
.055
.044
.053
.071
.067
.085
.095
.205
.222
.237
.203
.187
.218
.227
.313
.495
.422
.626
.682
.762
.906
.909
.855
0.007
.011
.003
.003
.002
.004
.004
.005
.027
.088
.045
.033
.045
.142
.099
.016
.013
.003
.001
.014
.014
.008
.023
.067
.057
.019
.029
.052
.053
.083
.095
.063
.078
.095
.080
.094
.063
.080
.068
.170
.088
.101
.061
.089
0.000
.000
.011
.161
.471
.846
.964
1.047
1.060
.985
.978
.988
1.037
.995
1.300
1.006
.917
.950
.940
.847
.952
.748
.992
1.296
1.387
1.551
1.798
2.161
2.397
2.682
2.901
3.002
3.063
3.225
3.664
3.869
4.068
4.104
4.042
4.365
4.450
4.291
R4.723
4.061
0.915
1.056
1.691
2.196
2.654
2.814
3.573
4.712
6.887
7.395
8.721
11.239
14.027
13.460
13.825
11.195
9.336
7.418
7.079
7.302
6.814
9.002
10.067
11.027
12.596
12.766
12.553
13.253
14.749
15.340
15.669
16.341
17.876
18.916
18.935
19.783
20.348
19.920
21.060
22.082
22.091
22.085
R21.914
21.389
0.513
.830
1.061
1.802
2.748
4.656
4.968
5.587
6.578
5.731
4.227
4.434
4.728
4.364
4.108
3.463
3.303
3.360
3.568
4.131
3.796
4.199
4.095
4.720
4.565
4.351
3.794
3.714
3.760
3.904
3.211
3.943
3.864
3.992
4.198
4.749
R5.050
R4.753
R5.158
6.114
R7.156
R7.077
R6.849
6.167
1.427
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
8.540
10.299
13.466
13.127
12.948
15.672
18.756
17.824
17.933
14.658
12.639
10.777
10.647
11.433
10.609
13.201
14.162
15.747
17.162
17.117
16.348
16.968
18.510
19.243
18.881
20.284
21.740
22.908
23.133
24.531
25.398
R24.673
R26.218
28.196
R29.247
R29.162
R28.762
27.556
Biofuels 4
Electricity
Total
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oil 2
Petroleum
Products 3
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.001
.001
.001
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.002
.002
.002
.013
.013
.067
.055
.084
0.006
.007
.016
.018
.012
.021
.024
.036
.057
.053
.038
.037
.069
.072
.077
.085
.124
.112
.132
.144
.157
.139
.178
.133
.089
.063
.075
.096
.107
.160
.146
.148
.147
.135
.147
.166
.131
.125
.104
.117
.152
.146
.175
.195
1.448
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
9.535
11.387
14.613
14.304
14.032
16.760
19.948
19.106
19.460
15.796
13.719
11.861
11.752
12.471
11.781
14.151
15.398
17.296
18.766
18.817
18.335
19.372
21.273
22.390
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
29.407
31.061
33.543
34.710
34.673
R34.685
32.840
0.877
.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.546
1.531
1.425
1.620
1.761
1.597
1.442
1.078
1.753
2.421
2.944
2.787
2.045
2.151
2.438
2.248
2.093
2.499
2.637
2.772
2.854
2.682
1.962
1.879
2.318
2.368
2.193
2.092
1.525
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
0.014
.010
.013
.009
.021
.061
.037
.031
.035
.032
.032
.033
.031
.017
.036
.051
.029
.025
.016
.026
.028
.025
.014
.027
.027
.014
.020
.017
.026
.024
.034
.040
.031
.028
.022
.028
.033
.020
.018
.033
.043
.040
.036
.049
0.021
.027
.032
.012
.027
.072
.083
.080
.079
.078
.074
.066
.056
.053
.056
.049
.060
.052
.055
.055
.056
.062
.055
.075
.109
.087
.132
.220
.142
.164
.156
.155
.159
.161
.164
.245
.377
.520
.686
.862
.735
.730
R.830
1.009
0.192
.202
.067
.018
.006
.029
.003
.001
.004
.006
.012
.017
.106
.335
.497
.609
.482
.500
.348
.384
.432
.326
.319
.329
.300
.230
.246
.188
.208
.209
.200
.233
.228
.233
.250
.106
.043
.019
.026
.057
.067
.052
.058
.061
0.488
.440
.707
.413
.386
.520
.470
.466
.482
.458
.427
.452
.408
.432
.505
.551
.781
1.231
1.217
1.161
1.225
1.344
1.311
1.412
1.536
1.594
1.882
1.819
1.907
1.779
1.791
1.825
1.872
1.740
1.705
2.048
1.996
2.023
2.124
R2.150
R2.373
R2.694
R2.914
3.707
0.680
.642
.774
.431
.392
.549
.473
.467
.486
.465
.439
.469
.514
.767
1.002
1.160
1.264
1.732
1.565
1.545
1.657
1.670
1.630
1.741
1.836
1.824
2.128
2.008
2.115
1.988
1.991
2.059
2.100
1.972
1.955
2.154
R2.038
2.042
R2.150
R2.207
R2.441
R2.747
R2.972
3.768
Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,
which began in 1977.
3 Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not
include biofuels.
4 Fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
5 Biodiesel only.
2
Net
Imports 1
Exports
Biofuels 5
Electricity
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.001
.004
.035
.086
0.001
.001
.002
.003
.013
.014
.012
.010
.009
.009
.017
.008
.009
.005
.007
.014
.010
.012
.011
.009
.017
.016
.020
.024
.052
.055
.008
.010
.012
.007
.012
.011
.031
.047
.049
.051
.056
.054
.082
.078
.068
.083
.069
.082
1.592
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.151
2.118
2.033
2.203
2.323
2.172
2.052
1.920
2.855
3.695
4.307
4.608
3.693
3.786
4.196
4.021
3.812
4.366
4.661
4.752
5.141
4.937
4.258
4.061
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
3.770
3.668
4.054
4.433
4.561
4.868
R5.448
7.065
-0.144
.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
7.384
9.269
12.580
12.101
11.709
14.588
17.896
17.186
16.605
12.101
9.412
7.253
8.059
8.685
7.584
10.130
11.586
12.929
14.105
14.065
13.194
14.435
17.014
18.329
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.805
29.238
25.775
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.
Notes: • Includes trade between the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia) and its
territories and possessions. • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and
Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
11
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators
Energy Consumption, 1949-2008
Energy Expenditures, 1970-2006
Energy Consumption per Real Dollar² of
Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2008
Thousand Btu per Chained (2000) Dollar
1,200
120
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Quadrillion Btu
100
80
60
40
900
600
300
20
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
1970
2000
Energy Consumption per Person,
1949-2008
1980
1990
15
10
5
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Energy Expenditures as Share of
Gross Domestic Product, 1970-2006
4,000
500
20
0
1950
2000
Energy Expenditures per Person,
1970-2006
25
15
400
300
200
10
Percent
Nominal Dollars¹
Million Btu
3,000
2,000
5
1,000
100
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1970
1980
¹ See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary
² In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators,
See Appendix D1.
12
1990
2000
Source: Table 1.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Energy
Consumption
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
3
4
5
Quadrillion
Btu
31.98
34.62
40.21
45.09
54.02
67.84
69.29
72.70
75.71
73.99
72.00
76.01
78.00
79.99
80.90
78.12
76.17
73.15
73.04
R76.72
76.49
76.76
R79.18
82.82
R84.95
84.65
84.61
85.96
R87.61
89.26
91.17
R94.18
94.77
95.18
96.82
98.98
96.33
97.86
98.21
100.35
R100.48
R99.88
R101.55
99.30
Energy
Consumption
per Person
Energy
Expenditures 1
Million
Btu
Million
Nominal
Dollars 4
214
227
242
250
278
331
334
346
357
346
333
349
354
359
359
344
332
316
312
325
R322
320
327
339
344
339
334
335
337
339
342
350
348
345
347
351
338
340
338
R343
340
R335
337
327
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
82,911
90,071
98,108
111,928
153,370
171,846
193,897
220,461
239,230
297,543
R373,790
R427,140
R425,703
R416,670
R434,367
R437,517
R382,861
R396,082
R409,989
R437,160
R472,030
R470,095
R475,069
R490,624
R503,693
R513,587
R559,455
R566,277
R525,285
R556,052
R688,774
R693,897
R661,496
R754,147
R868,595
R1,044,898
R1,157,910
NA
NA
Energy
Expenditures 1
per Person
Gross
Domestic
Product (GDP)
Nominal
Dollars 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
404
434
467
528
717
796
889
1,001
1,075
1,322
R1,645
R1,861
R1,838
R1,782
R1,842
R1,839
R1,594
R1,635
R1,677
R1,771
R1,891
R1,858
R1,852
R1,888
R1,914
R1,929
R2,077
R2,077
R1,904
R1,993
R2,441
2,434
R2,299
R2,599
R2,966
R3,535
R3,881
NA
NA
Expenditures include taxes where data are available.
Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 12.1.
Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 12.2
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
Energy
Expenditures 1
as Share of GDP
Gross
Domestic
Product (GDP)
Energy
Consumption per
Real Dollar of GDP
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions 2 per
Real Dollar of GDP
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions 3 per
Real Dollar of GDP
Billion
Nominal
Dollars 4
Percent
Billion
Chained
(2000) Dollars 5
Thousand Btu
per Chained
(2000) Dollar 5
Metric Tons Carbon
Dioxide Equivalent
per Million Chained
(2000) Dollars 5
Metric Tons
Carbon Dioxide
per Million Chained
(2000) Dollars 5
267.3
293.8
414.8
526.4
719.1
1,038.5
1,127.1
1,238.3
1,382.7
1,500.0
1,638.3
1,825.3
2,030.9
2,294.7
2,563.3
2,789.5
3,128.4
3,255.0
3,536.7
3,933.2
4,220.3
4,462.8
4,739.5
5,103.8
5,484.4
5,803.1
5,995.9
6,337.7
6,657.4
7,072.2
7,397.7
7,816.9
8,304.3
8,747.0
9,268.4
9,817.0
10,128.0
10,469.6
10,960.8
11,685.9
R12,421.9
R13,178.4
R13,807.5
14,264.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.0
8.0
7.9
8.1
10.2
10.5
10.6
10.9
10.4
11.6
13.4
13.7
13.1
11.8
R11.0
10.4
8.6
8.4
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.8
7.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
7.2
6.8
6.0
6.0
7.0
6.9
6.3
6.9
7.4
8.4
R8.8
NA
NA
19.57
19.48
18.17
18.02
16.93
17.99
17.77
17.71
17.44
17.13
16.70
16.74
16.42
15.95
15.64
15.13
14.39
14.10
13.47
13.20
12.64
12.25
12.23
12.28
12.17
11.90
11.92
11.72
11.63
11.39
11.35
11.31
10.89
10.50
10.22
10.08
9.74
9.74
9.53
9.40
R9.14
R8.84
R8.81
8.52
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,131
1,085
1,053
998
982
946
913
910
907
892
R878
R872
R861
R851
R832
R819
R810
R784
R754
R728
R721
R703
R701
R689
R677
R660
R636
R632
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
917
872
843
800
788
755
731
732
735
723
R706
R700
R691
R687
R671
R661
R660
R641
R619
599
596
R582
R579
R570
R559
544
R523
R520
NA
1,634.6
1,777.3
2,212.8
2,501.8
3,191.1
3,771.9
3,898.6
4,105.0
4,341.5
4,319.6
4,311.2
4,540.9
4,750.5
5,015.0
5,173.4
5,161.7
5,291.7
5,189.3
5,423.8
5,813.6
6,053.7
6,263.6
6,475.1
6,742.7
6,981.4
7,112.5
7,100.5
7,336.6
7,532.7
7,835.5
8,031.7
8,328.9
8,703.5
9,066.9
9,470.3
9,817.0
9,890.7
10,048.8
10,301.0
10,675.8
R10,989.5
R11,294.8
R11,523.9
11,652.0
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Expenditures: Table 3.5. Gross Domestic
Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Table 12.1. Carbon
Dioxide Emissions: Table 12.2. Other Columns: Calculated by EIA.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
13
Figure 1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2006
Consumption
14
12 TX
Quadrillion Btu
10
CA
8
6
FL
IL NY PA OH LA
4
GA MI IN
NC NJ VA
TN AL WA
KY MO MN WI SC
OK AZ MA MD CO
MS IA AR OR KS
CT WV UT NV AK NM NE
ID WY ME MT ND HI NH DE SD
RI DC VT
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Consumption per Person
1.2
AK
1.0
WY
LA
Billion Btu
0.8
ND
0.6
TX
KY AL WV IN MT OK
0.4
MS AR IA SC
KS TN NE
MN DE NM ID ME SD OH GA VA US
MO WI WA PA IL NV UT
OR NJ DC NC CO MI
0.2
VT HI MD FL AZ CT
NH CA MA
NY RI
0.0
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Source: Table 1.6.
14
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2006
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
1
Consumption
Consumption per Person
Expenditures 1
Expenditures 1 per Person
Prices 1
Trillion Btu
Million Btu
Million Nominal Dollars 2
Nominal Dollars 2
Nominal Dollars 2 per Million Btu
Texas
California
Florida
Illinois
New York
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Louisiana
Georgia
Michigan
Indiana
North Carolina
New Jersey
Virginia
Tennessee
Alabama
Washington
Kentucky
Missouri
Minnesota
Wisconsin
South Carolina
Oklahoma
Arizona
Massachusetts
Maryland
Colorado
Mississippi
Iowa
Arkansas
Oregon
Kansas
Connecticut
West Virginia
Utah
Nevada
Alaska
New Mexico
Nebraska
Idaho
Wyoming
Maine
Montana
North Dakota
Hawaii
New Hampshire
Delaware
South Dakota
Rhode Island
District of Columbia
Vermont
United States
11,744.4
8,420.4
4,609.5
3,946.1
3,939.9
3,933.0
3,892.9
3,802.5
3,146.4
2,998.0
2,862.2
2,659.3
2,604.8
2,544.9
2,313.2
2,140.5
2,053.7
1,970.5
1,913.0
1,822.0
1,818.5
1,707.7
1,603.0
1,530.9
1,479.1
1,452.4
1,428.1
1,215.7
1,207.4
1,144.5
1,111.8
1,050.9
848.9
829.2
785.9
766.6
753.5
683.3
659.3
514.6
480.9
457.8
429.1
410.6
332.2
313.1
300.6
271.9
216.3
175.6
163.7
3,499,521.1
Alaska
Wyoming
Louisiana
North Dakota
Texas
Kentucky
Alabama
West Virginia
Indiana
Montana
Oklahoma
Mississippi
Arkansas
Iowa
South Carolina
Kansas
Tennessee
Nebraska
Minnesota
Delaware
New Mexico
Idaho
Maine
South Dakota
Ohio
Georgia
Virginia
Missouri
Wisconsin
Washington
Pennsylvania
Illinois
Nevada
Utah
Oregon
New Jersey
District of Columbia
North Carolina
Colorado
Michigan
Vermont
Hawaii
Maryland
Florida
Arizona
Connecticut
New Hampshire
California
Massachusetts
New York
Rhode Island
United States
1,112.2
937.9
896.1
644.1
501.7
468.7
466.3
458.5
454.1
453.2
448.1
419.3
407.4
406.2
394.4
381.3
380.8
373.8
353.5
352.5
351.8
351.6
348.2
344.9
339.6
336.8
333.1
327.7
326.3
322.2
317.1
308.8
307.6
304.7
301.2
300.6
299.9
299.8
299.6
296.8
263.7
259.8
259.3
255.3
248.3
242.8
238.7
232.3
229.9
204.3
203.7
333.1
Texas
California
New York
Florida
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Illinois
New Jersey
Michigan
Georgia
Louisiana
North Carolina
Virginia
Indiana
Massachusetts
Tennessee
Missouri
Washington
Wisconsin
Alabama
Minnesota
Maryland
Arizona
Kentucky
South Carolina
Colorado
Oklahoma
Connecticut
Iowa
Mississippi
Oregon
Arkansas
Kansas
Nevada
Utah
West Virginia
New Mexico
Nebraska
Alaska
Maine
Hawaii
Idaho
New Hampshire
Montana
Wyoming
Delaware
North Dakota
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Vermont
District of Columbia
United States
Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available.
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
3 Includes 60.8 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.
4 The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:
1) does not include biofuels losses and co-products, and biodiesel; 2) does not incorporate the latest data
revisions; and 3) is the sum of State values, which use State average heat contents to convert physical
units of coal and natural gas to Btu.
5 Includes $509 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.
2
132,131
115,990
59,429
58,959
46,650
45,037
43,322
35,994
34,914
34,542
33,455
30,373
28,575
27,354
24,499
24,172
21,533
21,362
20,717
20,428
19,948
19,632
18,945
18,693
17,364
16,251
16,230
13,727
13,368
13,010
12,253
11,867
10,719
10,001
8,331
7,804
7,246
7,133
6,151
6,031
5,674
5,058
4,999
4,696
4,323
3,605
3,548
3,486
3,167
2,517
2,188
51,157,910
Alaska
Wyoming
Louisiana
Texas
North Dakota
Montana
Maine
Oklahoma
Iowa
Mississippi
Alabama
Kentucky
Hawaii
Indiana
West Virginia
Delaware
Arkansas
New Jersey
Vermont
Nebraska
South Dakota
Nevada
South Carolina
Tennessee
Ohio
Connecticut
Kansas
Minnesota
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Pennsylvania
Virginia
District of Columbia
New Mexico
Wisconsin
Georgia
Missouri
Maryland
Michigan
Idaho
North Carolina
Colorado
Illinois
Washington
Oregon
Rhode Island
Florida
Utah
California
New York
Arizona
United States
9,080
8,431
7,884
5,645
5,565
4,959
4,587
4,537
4,497
4,487
4,450
4,446
4,438
4,340
4,315
4,227
4,225
4,153
4,055
4,044
4,017
4,012
4,010
3,979
3,929
3,927
3,890
3,870
3,811
3,807
3,761
3,740
3,738
3,730
3,718
3,697
3,689
3,504
3,456
3,455
3,424
3,410
3,391
3,351
3,320
3,283
3,265
3,230
3,200
3,082
3,073
63,876
Hawaii
District of Columbia
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Vermont
New York
Florida
Maryland
Nevada
Arizona
Delaware
California
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Maine
Ohio
Colorado
Oregon
Mississippi
Virginia
South Dakota
Texas
Missouri
Wisconsin
Michigan
Montana
Alaska
Washington
Kansas
Tennessee
Georgia
Minnesota
Oklahoma
Nebraska
South Carolina
Illinois
Utah
Arkansas
Iowa
Idaho
Kentucky
Alabama
Wyoming
West Virginia
Indiana
Louisiana
North Dakota
United States
24.65
24.20
23.22
22.72
22.22
21.85
21.15
20.94
20.65
20.14
20.02
19.72
19.45
19.30
18.91
18.44
17.93
17.52
17.35
17.12
16.92
16.85
16.84
16.75
16.69
16.68
16.67
16.65
16.62
16.48
16.43
16.43
16.33
16.31
16.30
16.12
16.09
16.03
15.95
15.92
15.88
15.85
15.71
15.13
14.95
14.92
14.52
14.49
13.87
13.73
12.05
17.35
6 Based on population data prior to revisions shown on Table D1.
Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Sources: • Consumption: Energy Information Administration (EIA), "State Energy Data 2006:
Consumption" (November 2008), Tables R1 and R2. • Expenditures and Prices: EIA, "State Energy
Data 2006: Prices and Expenditures" (November 2008), Table R1. • "State Energy Data 2006" includes
State-level data by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates are annual 1960 through
2006, and price and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 through 2006.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
15
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008
1,188
(1977)
1,200
1,070
(1989)
958
(1978)
1,000
831
(1960)
Heating Degree-Days
800
668
(1976)
683
(1956)
687
(2006)
600
577
(1954)
400
494
(2000)
367
(1976)
396
(2001)
449
(1975)
Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)
260
(1981)
(1985)
2007- 2008 Heating Season
200
30-Year Monthly Normal¹
162
(1963)
Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)
0
October
1
16
November
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
December
January
February
Source: Table 1.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
March
April
Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Year
January
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
858
761
927
884
907
1,063
976
890
893
838
821
974
1,188
1,061
1,079
887
984
1,067
874
1,000
1,057
859
920
1,004
789
728
921
852
860
1,031
847
945
932
765
861
886
935
776
944
968
859
687
841
892
917
Normal1
February
March
April
May
June
July
701
721
759
780
780
758
760
785
772
754
742
609
751
958
950
831
689
776
706
645
807
734
714
778
832
655
639
644
827
813
750
748
672
623
647
643
725
669
801
766
676
731
853
741
611
693
600
831
738
685
681
608
504
556
686
544
529
677
575
680
620
620
588
704
557
542
573
594
603
535
564
603
664
594
556
713
552
596
645
494
669
622
572
495
648
600
502
617
330
412
272
278
355
344
375
377
356
310
449
309
270
350
364
338
260
408
421
371
260
295
309
344
344
321
287
345
368
293
375
360
406
331
319
341
302
281
344
303
305
264
372
319
128
162
121
160
114
120
194
137
182
171
117
178
119
157
148
142
165
114
189
172
123
123
107
134
163
184
98
152
128
174
174
165
198
109
139
115
115
184
165
107
186
137
111
183
21
40
48
33
48
31
29
49
22
42
37
28
38
31
37
49
25
62
35
28
47
30
20
30
32
29
30
46
38
21
31
27
31
41
31
29
29
23
41
37
25
23
24
26
7
11
9
7
11
4
10
7
6
6
5
8
6
7
6
5
6
7
6
7
5
9
8
3
5
6
6
14
11
6
4
8
7
4
5
12
8
3
4
7
3
2
5
5
9
18
6
11
14
9
12
12
9
13
13
19
13
11
15
10
11
19
5
7
17
18
13
5
14
10
7
24
9
16
7
9
16
5
12
12
6
8
5
20
6
9
7
13
94
85
56
48
78
55
47
65
61
94
100
81
59
59
58
54
76
75
53
88
69
76
61
72
73
56
69
74
89
65
77
72
63
33
62
69
69
37
62
47
39
82
44
52
209
196
237
254
271
253
187
330
212
303
235
367
295
283
271
316
327
264
251
223
243
258
345
352
259
246
242
301
302
268
233
276
273
245
275
244
260
298
260
251
236
304
175
281
732
593
345
159
39
9
15
77
282
1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
P=Preliminary.
Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor
air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For
example, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating
degree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-wide
degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the
August
September
October
November
December
Total
503
565
600
502
494
541
553
613
497
524
462
668
493
517
528
564
504
515
509
565
506
558
491
506
542
457
586
564
580
479
605
630
592
482
413
610
396
560
477
487
466
467
521
534
763
872
886
936
739
801
723
832
799
795
805
941
844
847
750
831
845
692
990
704
951
793
773
831
1,070
789
751
822
824
723
872
760
800
717
760
1,005
689
812
784
802
866
690
800
831
4,234
4,536
4,521
4,724
4,549
4,664
4,547
4,705
4,313
4,406
4,472
4,726
4,605
4,958
4,781
4,707
4,512
4,619
4,627
4,514
4,642
4,295
4,334
4,653
4,726
4,016
4,200
4,441
4,700
4,483
4,531
4,713
4,542
3,951
4,169
4,460
4,203
4,273
4,459
4,290
4,315
3,996
4,255
4,494
539
817
4,524
2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the
national average.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
17
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008
388
(2006)
400
366
(2007)
Cooling Degree-Days
300
280
(1952)
268
(1950)
215
(1998)
(2005)
228
(1992)
200
147
(1991)
161
(1955)
118
(1967)
100
53
(2006)
83
(1963)
Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)
2008 Cooling Season
64
(1976)
30-Year Monthly Normal¹
27
(1976)
Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)
13
(1983)
0
April
1
18
May
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
June
July
August
Source: Table 1.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
September
October
Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Year
January
February
March
April
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
16
27
6
7
9
3
8
15
7
21
14
5
2
3
4
9
3
6
6
5
3
8
5
5
15
15
10
6
13
7
7
7
8
12
12
10
3
8
5
6
10
13
10
7
14
12
7
4
7
4
7
6
3
6
11
11
5
1
4
4
6
10
5
6
5
10
7
5
7
14
9
10
5
9
7
6
11
7
11
10
12
6
7
6
7
5
5
11
14
13
20
6
10
10
10
22
24
28
14
23
21
10
13
13
10
21
9
14
22
17
13
13
19
21
19
15
11
18
18
8
31
10
12
25
11
17
24
28
12
18
29
17
8
8
18
Normal1
May
June
July
27
21
45
37
42
36
22
36
18
29
24
27
35
31
32
23
52
26
13
24
39
33
23
28
36
29
42
29
19
37
29
26
19
23
40
28
37
53
30
29
24
53
23
31
110
105
121
76
125
104
68
88
75
101
117
64
121
93
82
95
75
115
72
92
108
106
127
89
88
86
147
77
91
76
91
116
81
135
94
131
114
92
110
138
82
109
119
91
253
201
161
215
179
201
244
174
236
173
203
208
212
218
187
199
257
165
193
233
193
231
244
218
208
234
235
170
207
262
202
226
189
228
219
221
220
243
187
208
250
236
236
264
367
268
381
301
280
323
288
299
318
317
301
282
351
310
295
374
333
318
353
291
313
340
334
359
312
316
336
286
347
328
348
299
315
350
374
284
302
370
336
299
367
388
310
334
294
244
355
302
273
313
269
276
303
267
296
243
293
300
266
347
275
262
362
312
269
259
298
348
266
291
305
228
317
263
363
287
268
337
305
302
333
332
345
252
351
337
366
283
33
104
216
323
292
1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
P=Preliminary.
Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor
air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For
example, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling
degree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-wide
degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the
August
September
October
November
December
Total
131
128
182
181
155
185
182
169
166
120
120
127
180
180
160
192
138
140
172
143
145
161
156
149
138
172
149
150
146
141
150
139
171
215
152
156
138
202
156
177
215
138
191
171
70
78
50
59
48
48
77
44
66
40
55
27
44
52
53
42
43
47
58
70
68
52
40
45
49
57
62
49
47
50
61
45
48
62
55
50
46
57
65
67
55
46
82
48
12
9
10
15
19
6
12
9
21
10
12
8
15
19
11
10
12
15
12
9
25
23
14
18
16
16
8
13
11
20
12
14
10
20
17
8
18
11
21
17
20
14
16
12
10
4
6
3
6
9
17
8
4
5
5
4
6
9
6
5
5
11
5
15
4
9
8
6
2
9
9
7
4
9
5
7
5
11
6
4
11
5
4
5
4
11
12
8
1,318
1,110
1,344
1,206
1,153
1,242
1,204
1,146
1,241
1,117
1,172
1,029
1,285
1,226
1,113
1,313
1,209
1,136
1,260
1,214
1,194
1,249
1,269
1,283
1,156
1,260
1,331
1,040
1,218
1,220
1,293
1,180
1,156
1,410
1,297
1,229
1,245
1,396
1,290
1,232
1,397
1,368
1,399
1,277
160
56
16
8
1,242
2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the
national average.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
19
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division
U.S.¹ Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2008
6,000
High: 4,958 (1978)
Degree-Days
5,000
4,000
30-Year Normal²: 4,524
3,000
Low: 3,951 (1998)
2,000
1,000
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 2008
8,000
30-Year Normal²
7,112
6,612
6,498
6,395
5,910
6,000
6,696
5,643
5,209
Degree-Days
2008
6,750
4,000
3,603
5,114
3,641
3,226
2,853
3,186
2,782
2,286
2,178
2,000
0
New
England
1
2
20
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.
Source: Table 1.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Mountain
Pacific¹
Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Year
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
Pacific 1
United
States 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
5,829
6,470
6,577
6,561
6,825
6,839
6,695
7,001
6,120
6,621
6,362
6,839
6,579
7,061
6,348
6,900
6,612
6,697
6,305
6,442
6,571
6,517
6,546
6,715
6,887
5,848
5,960
6,844
6,728
6,672
6,559
6,679
6,661
5,680
5,952
6,489
6,055
6,099
6,851
6,612
6,551
5,809
6,501
6,395
5,091
5,765
5,708
5,901
5,933
5,943
5,761
6,064
5,327
5,670
5,477
6,097
5,889
6,330
5,851
6,143
5,989
5,866
5,733
5,777
5,660
5,665
5,699
6,088
6,134
4,998
5,177
5,964
5,948
5,934
5,831
5,986
5,809
4,812
5,351
5,774
5,323
5,372
6,090
5,749
5,804
5,050
5,623
5,643
5,801
6,619
6,101
6,544
6,284
6,455
6,236
6,772
5,780
6,259
6,169
6,768
6,538
7,095
6,921
6,792
6,446
6,542
6,423
6,418
6,546
6,150
5,810
6,590
6,834
5,681
5,906
6,297
6,646
6,378
6,664
6,947
6,617
5,278
5,946
6,284
5,824
6,122
6,528
6,199
6,241
5,712
6,096
6,696
6,479
7,136
6,630
6,884
6,646
6,835
6,594
7,094
6,226
6,478
6,678
6,670
6,506
7,324
7,369
6,652
6,115
7,000
6,901
6,582
7,119
6,231
5,712
6,634
6,996
6,011
6,319
6,262
7,168
6,509
6,804
7,345
6,761
5,774
5,921
6,456
6,184
6,465
6,539
6,290
6,202
5,799
6,374
7,112
2,367
2,713
2,786
3,147
2,830
2,997
2,763
2,759
2,718
2,551
2,640
3,040
3,047
3,187
2,977
3,099
3,177
2,721
3,057
2,791
2,736
2,686
2,937
3,122
2,944
2,230
2,503
2,852
2,981
2,724
2,967
3,106
2,845
2,429
2,652
2,959
2,641
2,671
2,891
2,748
2,844
2,535
2,584
2,782
2,942
3,315
3,314
3,958
3,374
3,685
3,395
3,438
3,309
3,171
3,336
3,881
3,812
4,062
3,900
3,855
3,757
3,357
3,892
3,451
3,602
3,294
3,466
3,800
3,713
2,929
3,211
3,498
3,768
3,394
3,626
3,782
3,664
3,025
3,142
3,548
3,312
3,420
3,503
3,289
3,402
3,239
3,213
3,641
2,133
1,974
2,083
2,551
2,078
2,396
1,985
2,259
2,256
2,080
2,187
2,446
2,330
2,764
2,694
2,378
2,162
2,227
2,672
2,194
2,466
2,058
2,292
2,346
2,439
1,944
2,178
2,145
2,489
2,108
2,145
2,285
2,418
2,021
1,835
2,194
2,187
2,307
2,230
2,088
2,051
1,863
2,156
2,178
5,483
4,930
5,517
5,328
5,318
5,436
5,585
5,352
5,562
5,281
5,693
5,303
5,060
5,370
5,564
5,052
4,671
5,544
5,359
5,592
5,676
4,870
5,153
5,148
5,173
5,146
5,259
5,054
5,514
5,002
4,953
5,011
5,188
5,059
4,768
4,881
4,895
5,018
4,605
4,844
4,759
4,778
4,830
5,114
3,729
3,355
3,723
3,309
3,378
3,257
3,698
3,376
3,383
3,294
3,623
3,115
3,135
3,168
3,202
2,986
2,841
3,449
3,073
3,149
3,441
2,807
3,013
2,975
3,061
3,148
3,109
2,763
3,052
3,155
2,784
2,860
2,754
3,255
3,158
3,012
3,136
3,132
2,918
2,925
2,959
3,116
3,113
3,186
4,234
4,536
4,521
4,724
4,549
4,664
4,547
4,705
4,313
4,406
4,472
4,726
4,605
4,958
4,781
4,707
4,512
4,619
4,627
4,514
4,642
4,295
4,334
4,653
4,726
4,016
4,200
4,441
4,700
4,483
4,531
4,713
4,542
3,951
4,169
4,460
4,203
4,273
4,459
4,290
4,315
3,996
4,255
4,494
6,612
5,910
6,498
6,750
2,853
3,603
2,286
5,209
3,226
4,524
Normal2
1
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are
deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a mean
daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating degree-days. • Temperature information recorded by
weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.
2
Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures
are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for map of Census
divisions.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
21
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division
U.S.¹ Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2008
2,000
High: 1,410 (1998)
30-Year Normal²: 1,242
Degree-Days
1,500
1,000
Low: 1,029 (1976)
500
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 2008
4,000
30-Year Normal²
2008
Degree-Days
3,000
2,477
1,982
2,000
2,494
1,987
1,564
1,560
1,504
1,308
949
1,000
441
497
665
745
731
698
847
755
868
0
New
England
1
2
22
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.
Source: Table 1.10.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Mountain
Pacific¹
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Normal2
1
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
United
States 1
654
353
602
368
352
479
465
364
551
393
467
402
407
378
434
487
436
321
538
468
372
301
406
545
426
477
511
276
486
548
507
400
395
505
631
317
519
570
522
402
642
528
484
497
901
542
934
640
638
779
730
614
830
614
708
597
689
615
588
793
657
541
799
649
627
626
729
782
658
656
854
460
764
722
803
623
586
788
882
542
722
863
685
670
990
778
788
745
949
602
1,043
722
688
827
783
643
864
626
788
619
823
741
618
816
658
643
934
724
643
738
918
975
652
647
959
449
735
664
921
629
574
889
855
658
744
933
645
604
960
752
900
698
1,038
729
1,238
961
914
1,066
960
908
1,009
878
1,003
939
1,122
1,027
871
1,217
924
859
1,178
955
830
1,021
1,115
1,230
864
983
1,125
637
817
887
985
821
873
1,138
970
1,023
1,028
1,087
946
752
1,094
1,079
1,135
847
2,128
1,919
2,045
1,926
1,931
2,007
1,932
1,843
2,000
1,842
2,011
1,675
2,020
1,972
1,833
2,075
1,889
1,958
1,925
1,865
2,004
2,149
2,067
1,923
1,977
2,143
2,197
1,777
2,092
2,005
2,081
1,867
1,886
2,277
2,024
1,929
1,891
2,209
2,007
2,037
2,081
2,037
2,212
1,987
1,776
1,568
1,791
1,613
1,634
1,662
1,577
1,525
1,665
1,382
1,520
1,232
1,808
1,685
1,412
1,834
1,576
1,537
1,579
1,508
1,596
1,792
1,718
1,582
1,417
1,622
1,758
1,293
1,622
1,448
1,671
1,474
1,393
1,928
1,733
1,736
1,535
1,808
1,494
1,549
1,696
1,670
1,927
1,560
2,510
2,473
2,643
2,492
2,579
2,375
2,448
2,513
2,359
2,342
2,261
2,035
2,720
2,638
2,242
2,734
2,498
2,502
2,288
2,469
2,599
2,618
2,368
2,422
2,295
2,579
2,499
2,201
2,369
2,422
2,448
2,515
2,361
3,026
2,645
2,787
2,565
2,545
2,522
2,485
2,636
2,776
2,488
2,494
1,198
1,120
1,124
1,308
961
1,163
1,074
1,141
1,123
1,188
1,031
1,058
1,256
1,174
1,164
1,202
1,331
1,121
1,174
1,190
1,210
1,188
1,196
1,320
1,330
1,294
1,182
1,206
1,113
1,436
1,234
1,381
1,335
1,271
1,242
1,488
1,498
1,543
1,639
1,376
1,457
1,586
1,663
1,504
593
597
560
770
542
689
685
698
624
690
547
620
715
738
770
658
876
619
776
956
737
664
706
729
685
827
672
905
708
801
754
856
921
732
635
756
794
739
941
823
728
916
811
868
1,318
1,110
1,344
1,206
1,153
1,242
1,204
1,146
1,241
1,117
1,172
1,029
1,285
1,226
1,113
1,313
1,209
1,136
1,260
1,214
1,194
1,249
1,269
1,283
1,156
1,260
1,331
1,040
1,218
1,220
1,293
1,180
1,156
1,410
1,297
1,229
1,245
1,396
1,290
1,232
1,397
1,368
1,399
1,277
441
665
731
949
1,982
1,564
2,477
1,308
755
1,242
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are
deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a mean
daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling degree-days. • Temperature information recorded by
weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.
2
Pacific 1
Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are
aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for map of Census
divisions.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
23
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency
Total and U.S. Department of Defense,
1975-2008
U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Years
Fiscal Years 1975-2008
1,600
1,600
Total
Defense
1,200
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
1,200
Non-Defense
800
Defense
400
800
400
Non-Defense
0
1975
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 2008
50
46.4
40
Trillion Btu
35.2
29.5
30
28.1
18.8
20
18.4
10.3
10
10.2
7.5
6.6
4.8
0
Postal
Service
1
Veterans
Affairs
Energy
General Services Administration.
Health and Human Services.
3
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
4
See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.
2
24
Justice
GSA¹
HHS²
NASA³
Interior
Agriculture
Transportation
Other 4
Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in
1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.
Source: Table 1.11.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Agriculture
9.5
9.3
8.9
9.1
9.2
8.6
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.9
8.4
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.7
9.6
9.6
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.0
9.1
7.4
7.9
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.7
7.0
7.5
6.8
6.8
6.6
Defense
Energy
GSA 1
HHS 2
Interior
Justice
NASA 3
Postal
Service
1,360.2
1,183.3
1,192.3
1,157.8
1,175.8
1,183.1
1,239.5
1,264.5
1,248.3
1,292.1
1,250.6
1,222.8
1,280.5
1,165.8
1,274.4
1,241.7
1,269.3
1,104.0
1,048.8
977.0
926.0
904.5
880.0
837.1
810.7
779.1
787.2
837.5
902.3
960.7
933.2
843.7
864.6
889.1
50.4
50.3
51.6
50.1
49.6
47.4
47.3
49.0
49.5
51.6
52.2
46.9
48.5
49.9
44.2
43.5
42.1
44.3
43.4
42.1
47.3
44.6
43.1
31.5
27.0
30.5
31.1
30.7
31.6
31.4
29.6
32.9
R31.5
28.1
22.3
20.6
20.4
20.4
19.6
18.1
18.0
18.1
16.1
16.2
20.7
14.0
13.1
12.4
12.7
17.5
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.0
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.1
14.4
17.6
18.4
17.5
19.6
18.3
18.4
18.2
19.1
18.4
6.5
6.7
6.9
6.5
6.4
6.0
6.7
6.4
6.2
6.4
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.4
6.7
7.1
6.2
6.8
7.2
7.5
6.1
6.6
7.9
7.4
7.1
8.0
8.5
8.0
10.1
8.8
9.6
9.3
R9.9
10.3
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.2
10.4
8.5
7.6
7.4
7.7
8.4
7.8
6.9
6.6
7.0
7.1
7.4
7.1
7.0
7.5
7.9
6.4
4.3
6.6
6.4
7.5
7.8
9.5
8.2
8.2
8.7
8.6
8.1
7.5
7.5
5.9
5.7
5.9
5.9
6.4
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.5
6.4
8.2
8.6
8.1
9.4
7.7
7.0
8.0
7.5
9.1
10.3
10.2
12.1
12.0
15.8
15.4
19.7
19.7
17.7
22.7
17.5
18.8
23.5
R20.7
18.8
13.4
12.4
12.0
11.2
11.1
10.4
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.6
10.9
11.2
11.3
11.3
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.4
12.6
12.4
11.5
12.0
11.7
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.8
9.9
10.3
10.2
10.6
10.2
30.5
30.0
32.7
30.9
29.3
27.2
27.9
27.5
26.5
27.7
27.8
28.0
28.5
29.6
30.3
30.6
30.8
31.7
33.7
35.0
36.2
36.4
40.8
39.5
39.8
43.3
43.4
41.6
50.9
50.5
53.5
51.8
45.8
46.4
General Services Administration.
Health and Human Services.
3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama
Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation,
Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency,
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad
Retirement Board, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Small
Business Administration, Office of Personnel Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency,
Central Intelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, and
U.S. Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau).
R = Revised. P = Preliminary.
Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning
2
Transportation
19.3
19.5
20.4
20.6
19.6
19.2
18.8
19.1
19.4
19.8
19.6
19.4
19.0
18.7
18.5
19.0
19.0
17.0
19.4
19.8
18.7
19.6
19.1
18.5
22.6
21.2
17.8
18.3
5.6
5.2
5.0
4.6
5.6
4.8
Veterans
Affairs
27.1
25.0
25.9
26.8
25.7
24.8
24.0
24.2
24.1
24.6
25.1
25.0
24.9
26.3
26.2
24.9
25.1
25.3
25.7
25.6
25.4
26.8
27.3
27.6
27.5
27.0
27.7
27.7
30.5
29.9
30.0
29.3
R30.0
29.5
Other 4
10.5
11.2
11.9
12.4
12.3
12.3
11.1
11.6
10.8
10.7
13.1
10.8
11.9
15.8
15.6
17.5
18.1
15.7
16.2
17.1
17.9
18.5
21.6
20.3
20.6
21.0
21.4
19.8
36.2
39.2
37.2
33.2
33.2
35.2
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,129.3
1,108.5
1,092.0
1,037.9
1,011.6
993.8
1,003.0
1,044.8
1,136.3
1,187.0
1,161.6
1,071.5
R1,085.3
1,104.8
in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year
2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in this table are developed using the following
conversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 million
Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel;
motor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Btu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, including
aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use
for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/about/annual_report.html.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal
Energy Management Program.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
25
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008
Total U.S. Government Energy Consumption
1.8
1.57
Quadrillion Btu
1.5
1.2
1.14¹
1.10
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.0
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
By Major Energy Source
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
By Selected Petroleum Product
1,200
800
1,000
600
Jet Fuel
Petroleum
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
800
600
400
Fuel Oil²
400
200
Electricity
200
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1975
2005
1
Noted in reference to Executive Order 13423 (January 24, 2008), Sec. 2(a) that requires
Federal agencies to “improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gasses...relative to the
baseline of the agency’s energy use in fiscal year 2003.”
2
Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.
26
Motor Gasoline³
Natural Gas
Coal
1980
3
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
Note: U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975
and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.
Source: Table 1.12.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Petroleum
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Coal
77.9
71.3
68.4
66.0
65.1
63.5
65.1
68.6
62.4
65.3
64.8
63.8
67.0
60.2
48.7
44.3
45.9
51.7
38.3
35.0
31.7
23.3
22.5
23.9
21.2
22.7
18.8
16.9
17.7
17.4
17.1
23.5
20.4
16.9
Natural
Gas 1
166.2
151.8
141.2
144.7
148.9
147.3
142.2
146.2
147.8
157.4
149.9
140.9
145.6
144.6
152.4
159.4
154.1
151.2
152.9
143.9
149.7
147.4
154.0
140.7
137.6
134.0
133.9
134.1
139.7
134.8
135.1
132.0
130.8
131.9
Aviation
Gasoline
22.0
11.6
8.8
6.2
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.6
2.6
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.0
6.0
.8
.5
.4
1.0
.7
.6
.3
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.4
.6
.4
.3
Fuel Oil
376.0
329.7
348.5
332.3
327.1
307.7
351.3
349.4
329.5
342.9
292.6
271.6
319.5
284.8
245.3
245.2
232.6
200.6
187.0
198.5
178.5
170.6
180.1
174.6
162.2
171.4
177.0
165.7
189.8
259.8
239.8
207.8
R211.4
179.7
2
Jet Fuel
LPG 3
and Other 4
707.4
610.0
619.2
601.1
618.6
638.7
653.3
672.7
673.4
693.7
705.7
710.2
702.3
617.2
761.7
732.4
774.5
628.2
612.4
550.7
522.3
513.0
475.7
445.5
444.7
403.1
415.2
472.9
517.9
508.2
492.2
442.6
461.1
504.4
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.
3 Liquefied petroleum gases.
4 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,
compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.
5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
6 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
R = Revised. P = Preliminary.
Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning
in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year
2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in this table are developed using the following
2
5.6
4.7
4.1
3.0
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.2
5.7
6.4
9.0
11.4
9.3
10.9
11.4
21.7
17.2
9.4
2.9
4.3
7.9
6.0
6.6
6.0
9.0
4.7
R5.6
18.1
Motor
Gasoline 5
63.2
60.4
61.4
60.1
59.1
56.5
53.2
53.1
51.6
51.2
50.4
45.3
43.1
41.2
41.1
37.2
34.1
35.6
34.5
29.5
31.9
27.6
39.0
43.1
41.1
43.9
42.5
41.3
45.7
43.5
48.2
47.8
R46.0
46.9
Total
Electricity
1,174.2
1,016.4
1,042.1
1,002.9
1,013.1
1,011.8
1,066.2
1,082.8
1,061.1
1,093.8
1,054.6
1,032.4
1,069.9
952.4
1,054.5
1,021.7
1,050.7
876.8
843.9
790.2
744.4
733.2
712.2
672.8
650.9
622.9
642.9
686.1
760.3
817.8
789.6
703.5
R724.5
749.4
141.5
139.3
141.1
141.0
141.2
141.9
144.5
147.5
151.5
155.9
167.2
155.8
169.9
171.2
188.6
193.6
192.7
192.5
193.1
190.9
185.3
184.5
184.0
181.8
180.4
194.0
188.8
189.1
196.1
195.4
195.9
194.9
R193.2
189.8
Purchased
Steam
and Other 6
5.1
4.6
5.7
6.4
7.1
6.8
6.2
6.2
9.0
10.1
13.9
13.7
13.9
32.0
20.6
19.1
18.3
22.5
18.6
18.2
18.2
20.1
19.2
18.8
21.5
20.2
18.6
18.5
22.5
21.6
23.9
17.7
R16.4
16.9
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,129.3
1,108.5
1,092.0
1,037.9
1,011.6
993.8
1,003.0
1,044.8
1,136.3
1,187.0
1,161.6
1,071.5
R1,085.3
1,104.8
conversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 million
Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motor
gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Btu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, including
aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use
for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/about/annual_report.html.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy
Management Program.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
27
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2007, and 2008
By Agency
800
All Other Agencies
Department of Defense
697
671
696
600
Trillion Btu
2003
2007
2008
400
200
101 101 101
77
70
70
28
95
63
23
54
23
92
54
89
63
61
62
13
14
0
Petroleum¹
Electricity
Natural Gas²
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
Petroleum¹
Electricity
Natural Gas²
10
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
By Source
1,200
2003
2007
1136
2008
1085 1105
1,000
Trillion Btu
800
600
760
518
461
725
749
504
400
190
200
211
196
180
46
46
47
0
Jet Fuel
1
Fuel Oil
4
Motor
Gasoline5
7
6
28
190
140
131
132
40
18
All Other
Petroleum6
Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 2.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
3
Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
4
Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.
5
Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
2
193
Total
Petroleum¹
Electricity
Natural Gas
37
34
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other6
Total
6
Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other types of fuel used in vehicles and
equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas, and
biodiesel.
Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30.
Source: Table 1.13.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2007, and 2008
(Trillion Btu)
Resource
and Fiscal Years
Coal
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Natural Gas 5
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Petroleum
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Aviation Gasoline
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Fuel Oil 6
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Jet Fuel
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
LPG 7 and Other 8
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Motor Gasoline 9
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Electricity
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Purchased Steam and Other 10
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
Total Energy
2003 .....................................
2007 .....................................
2008 P ..................................
1
2
3
4
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.2
.2
.2
0.0
.0
.0
17.7
20.4
16.9
7.0
6.2
5.9
7.6
7.2
6.8
3.7
5.1
5.6
1.3
1.2
1.1
8.6
10.5
10.1
2.9
2.7
2.8
10.4
6.5
9.3
.7
.8
.7
15.6
15.5
14.9
4.2
4.0
4.0
139.7
130.8
131.9
3.0
2.7
2.4
.2
.2
.2
R1.0
1.5
4.4
4.1
4.0
R3.4
6.5
2.9
1.4
1.6
1.1
18.2
16.5
16.1
1.6
1.5
1.1
2.8
1.9
2.0
20.3
18.1
20.1
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
R(s)
.1
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
R(s)
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.3
5.1
3.1
2.7
.3
.6
.2
1.5
.0
.0
.6
1.0
.6
.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
15.4
15.4
14.9
2.0
4.8
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.2
76.6
69.5
69.5
3.3
3.0
3.2
697.1
670.6
695.5
R(s)
R
R
1.0
Justice
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.2
.4
.5
.5
166.5
194.1
161.4
2.0
1.6
1.4
.1
.1
.1
.9
.6
.6
1.2
1.1
1.1
.0
.0
.0
509.9
455.6
499.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.1
.7
.3
.4
4.2
3.1
15.5
.1
.4
.3
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.1
.7
.9
1.0
R
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.1
2.2
2.1
2.1
16.5
17.8
19.2
.9
.7
.7
.1
.0
.1
.5
.3
.2
2.4
2.0
1.8
R
4.5
2.9
2.6
2.6
1.9
1.9
101.1
101.2
100.7
R16.7
18.0
16.7
10.0
10.0
9.8
3.6
3.3
3.4
2.4
2.1
2.2
.3
.2
.3
12.2
7.9
8.5
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.3
.4
.4
7.7
6.8
6.6
902.3
864.6
889.1
31.6
19.6
19.1
18.4
10.1
R9.9
10.3
R
Veterans
Affairs
0.0
.0
.0
Energy
NASA 3
Transportation
Interior
Defense
GSA 1
Postal
Service
HHS 2
Agriculture
R31.5
28.1
R
General Services Administration.
Health and Human Services.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee
Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,
Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.
Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (International
Broadcasting Bureau).
5 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.
7 Liquefied petroleum gases.
8 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,
compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.
9 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
.0
.0
R
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
Other 4
R
Total
R
(s)
.1
.0
760.3
724.5
749.4
.3
.4
.3
1.9
1.1
1.0
10.7
7.9
10.1
.6
.5
.5
.0
.0
.0
5.2
4.0
4.0
.2
.4
.1
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.3
.2
.5
R
6.6
5.6
18.1
.2
.1
.1
12.9
12.9
13.2
.7
.4
.4
.9
.8
.8
4.1
5.9
5.4
R
45.7
46.0
46.9
7.0
6.0
5.2
5.8
5.5
5.5
21.7
22.5
20.7
3.2
3.2
2.8
10.2
10.7
10.6
10.5
10.1
10.1
R
196.1
193.2
189.8
.1
.1
.2
.7
.8
.5
.8
.8
.9
.7
.4
.3
.0
.0
.2
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.0
1.1
R
22.5
16.4
16.9
8.2
7.5
7.5
R20.7
22.7
10.8
10.6
10.2
50.9
45.8
46.4
5.6
5.6
4.8
R30.0
30.5
36.2
33.2
35.2
R
18.8
R
29.5
R
189.8
211.4
179.7
517.9
461.1
504.4
1,136.3
R1,085.3
1,104.8
10
Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion.
Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning
in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year
2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in this table are developed using the following
conversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 million
Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motor
gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Btu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, including
aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use
for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/about/annual_report.html for related information.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy
Management Program.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
29
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands
Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share of
U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2008
25
45
20
36
15
2008: 18
10
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
Total, 1949-2008
27
2008: 32%
18
9
5
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1950
2000
By Source, 1949-2008
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share of
U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2008
12
50
Coal
43
40
8
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
10
Natural Gas
6
4
30
26
24
20
15
Crude Oil and
Lease Condensate
10
2
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Notes: • Data through 2000 are on a calendar-year basis; data for 2001-2008 are on a fiscalyear basis (October–September). • “Federally Administered Lands” include all classes of land
30
Coal
Crude Oil and
Lease Condensate
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
owned by the Federal Government, including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and
public lands.
Source: Table 1.14.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate
Year
Million
Barrels 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
Natural Gas Plant Liquids 1
Million
Barrels 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
Natural Gas 2
Trillion
Cubic Feet 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Coal
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Short Tons 3
2.8
2.4
4.8
7.8
10.2
16.9
18.3
19.3
20.1
22.9
23.8
25.2
25.8
29.3
30.1
30.2
32.1
33.5
32.1
33.7
31.8
30.3
33.4
31.9
30.7
36.8
33.8
35.0
36.3
36.0
36.4
38.8
39.3
537.1
638.4
37.2
9.5
7.7
5.9
5.2
8.2
12.0
17.3
19.0
24.2
32.1
43.6
86.4
74.8
79.2
84.9
92.9
138.8
130.0
124.3
136.3
184.6
189.7
195.2
225.4
236.3
280.6
285.1
266.7
285.7
321.4
376.9
354.5
362.6
371.1
414.5
440.2
35.7
35.4
31.5
39.4
36.6
R27.4
R30.4
24.4
425.4
507.8
446.7
551.1
431.0
466.2
467.5
506.1
Quadrillion
Btu
Fossil Fuels
Percent of
U.S. Total
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
0.24
.19
.15
.13
.20
.29
.41
.44
.57
.74
1.00
1.98
1.69
1.76
1.91
2.08
3.10
2.89
2.74
3.00
4.04
4.16
4.28
4.92
5.14
6.12
6.18
5.78
6.12
6.88
8.04
7.56
7.72
7.95
8.73
9.27
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.6
2.0
3.1
3.1
4.1
5.3
6.7
12.6
10.7
11.8
10.9
11.2
16.8
15.5
15.9
15.2
20.9
21.3
21.2
23.7
24.1
27.2
28.5
26.6
30.0
30.9
36.2
33.0
33.0
33.0
37.4
40.7
0.96
.98
1.55
2.77
4.07
7.64
8.47
8.61
8.75
9.16
8.99
10.16
10.06
10.61
11.02
11.09
12.53
12.29
11.43
12.62
13.19
12.79
13.45
13.67
13.64
16.05
15.47
15.55
16.17
17.14
18.56
18.79
19.29
518.97
620.07
20.92
3.3
3.0
4.1
6.9
8.6
12.9
14.6
14.6
15.0
16.3
16.4
18.6
18.3
19.3
19.0
18.8
21.4
21.4
21.0
21.4
22.9
22.6
23.5
23.6
23.7
27.4
26.7
27.0
29.0
29.5
32.3
32.2
32.8
532.0
634.8
36.5
8.87
10.51
9.18
11.27
8.78
9.47
9.51
10.25
38.1
45.7
41.3
49.7
37.8
40.1
40.4
43.3
20.31
21.63
18.19
21.33
18.58
17.80
19.14
18.48
34.9
37.6
32.4
38.1
33.4
R32.3
R34.1
32.1
Calendar-Year Data 4
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
95.2
105.9
159.5
277.3
378.6
605.6
648.9
630.5
604.3
570.2
531.5
525.7
535.0
523.6
519.8
510.4
529.3
552.3
568.8
595.8
628.3
608.4
577.3
516.3
488.9
515.9
491.0
529.1
529.3
527.7
567.4
596.5
632.8
5606.3
6628.9
689.2
0.55
.61
.92
1.61
2.20
3.51
3.76
3.66
3.51
3.31
3.08
3.05
3.10
3.04
3.01
2.96
3.07
3.20
3.30
3.46
3.64
3.53
3.35
2.99
2.84
2.99
2.85
3.07
3.07
3.06
3.29
3.46
3.67
53.52
63.65
4.00
5.2
5.4
6.4
10.8
13.3
17.2
18.8
18.2
18.0
17.8
17.4
17.7
17.8
16.5
16.7
16.2
16.9
17.5
17.9
18.3
19.2
19.2
18.9
17.3
17.6
19.2
18.1
20.2
21.2
21.7
23.7
25.2
26.9
526.6
629.3
32.3
4.4
4.4
6.0
11.6
14.3
40.6
54.0
56.7
54.9
61.9
59.7
57.2
57.4
25.9
11.9
10.5
12.3
15.0
14.0
25.4
26.6
23.3
23.7
37.0
45.1
50.9
72.7
70.7
64.4
60.0
74.0
71.2
74.7
560.3
666.5
88.9
0.02
.02
.03
.05
.06
.17
.22
.23
.22
.25
.24
.23
.23
.10
.05
.04
.05
.06
.05
.10
.10
.09
.09
.14
.17
.19
.28
.27
.24
.23
.28
.27
.28
5.23
6.25
.33
2.8
2.4
2.1
3.4
3.2
6.7
8.7
8.9
8.7
10.1
10.0
9.7
9.7
4.5
2.1
1.8
2.1
2.7
2.5
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.1
6.2
8.0
8.9
12.0
11.4
10.2
9.5
11.5
10.6
11.3
59.4
69.9
12.7
0.15
.14
.43
.95
1.56
3.56
3.95
4.17
4.37
4.75
4.57
4.81
4.94
5.60
5.93
5.85
6.15
5.97
5.17
5.88
5.24
4.87
5.56
5.45
5.32
6.55
5.99
6.25
6.56
6.78
6.78
7.31
7.43
57.06
67.24
7.14
0.15
.15
.45
.98
1.61
3.67
4.08
4.28
4.46
4.87
4.67
4.91
5.04
5.71
6.05
6.01
6.31
6.14
5.33
6.07
5.41
5.01
5.73
5.61
5.49
6.74
6.17
6.43
6.74
6.97
6.96
7.50
7.62
57.27
67.44
7.32
Fiscal-Year Data 7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
676.5
647.8
8422.6
356.4
439.9
502.1
584.7
476.6
3.92
3.76
82.45
2.07
2.55
2.91
3.39
2.76
32.0
30.5
820.4
17.7
22.7
27.4
R31.5
26.1
93.0
106.5
101.0
110.7
96.6
84.1
94.5
101.3
0.35
.40
.38
.41
.36
.31
.35
.38
14.0
15.2
16.0
16.8
14.8
13.7
R14.7
15.2
6.98
6.78
6.01
7.38
6.70
4.96
5.73
4.96
1 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the natural
gas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, the
royalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included with
natural gas.
2 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants and
fractionators.
3 Data from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), are
for sales volumes.
4 Through 2000, data are on a calendar-year (January through December) basis. The only exception is
in 1949-1974 with production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, which is on a fiscal-year (July through
June) basis.
5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," Naval
7.17
6.96
6.19
7.59
6.89
5.10
5.89
5.09
Petroleum Reserve No. 1.
6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 1999; beginning in 1999 Naval Petroleum
Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included.
7 Beginning in 2001, data are on a fiscal-year (October through September) basis; for example,
fiscal-year 2006 data are for October 2005 through September 2006.
8 A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diverted to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
R=Revised.
Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government,
including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public lands.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
• For related information, see http://www.mrm.mms.gov.
Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
31
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use
Total, 1980-2008
As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2008
8
8
Total
2008: 5.4%
6
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
6
Petroleum Products
4
2
4
2
Natural Gas
Coal
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1980
2005
By Fuel, 2008
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Petroleum Product, 2008
5
1.8
4.6
1.4
NGNFBUS
Quadrillion Btu
4
3
2
0.3
0.7
(s)
0
Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Coal
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.
(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.
2
32
1.0
0.6
1
1
1.2
1.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
LPG¹
Petro- Asphalt
and
chemical
Feed- Road Oil
stocks
Petroleum
Coke
Lubricants
Pentanes Special Other²
Plus Naphthas
Note: See Note 3, “Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels,” at end of section.
Source: Table 1.15.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, Selected Years, 1980-2008
Petroleum Products
Year
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Pentanes
Plus
Lubricants
Petrochemical
Feedstocks
Petroleum
Coke
Special
Naphthas
Physical Units
3
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
145
156
176
162
166
174
176
178
177
184
190
200
192
189
187
184
196
199
185
R180
152
230
265
344
394
397
389
437
450
470
473
494
520
479
445
465
441
453
428
439
R449
419
( )
13
18
10
13
60
56
66
69
65
44
57
51
44
37
37
37
33
23
30
24
58
53
60
53
54
55
58
57
55
58
61
62
61
56
55
51
52
51
42
R52
48
253
144
199
200
214
216
222
215
217
250
252
238
243
214
229
247
287
266
R265
R242
206
24
15
30
25
38
21
23
22
25
20
35
47
23
34
32
27
R40
38
43
R71
54
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
0.96
1.03
1.17
1.08
1.10
1.15
1.17
1.18
1.18
1.22
1.26
1.32
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
1.30
1.32
1.26
R1.20
1.01
0.78
.90
1.20
1.38
1.39
1.35
1.55
1.59
1.65
1.67
1.74
1.82
1.67
1.55
1.62
1.55
1.58
1.49
1.52
1.54
1.44
(3)
.06
.08
.04
.06
.28
.26
.30
.32
.30
.20
.26
.24
.20
.17
.17
.17
.15
.11
.14
.11
0.35
.32
.36
.32
.33
.34
.35
.35
.34
.35
.37
.37
.37
.34
.33
.31
.31
.31
.25
R.31
.29
1.43
.82
1.12
1.15
1.20
1.22
1.26
1.21
1.21
1.40
1.40
1.33
1.35
1.19
1.27
1.37
1.59
1.47
R1.48
R1.35
1.15
0.14
.09
.18
.15
.23
.12
.14
.13
.15
.12
.21
.28
.14
.21
.19
.16
R.24
.23
.26
R.43
.32
Total
Natural
Gas
Coal
Total
Percent of
Total Energy
Consumption
58
41
39
44
35
33
35
34
34
35
39
37
38
39
38
36
34
34
37
36
37
805
718
886
906
937
969
1,022
1,035
1,061
1,100
1,137
1,188
1,106
1,036
1,063
1,038
1,110
1,061
R1,047
R1,075
956
639
500
559
573
594
607
673
668
681
706
762
753
767
732
657
655
678
R681
R691
R692
670
2.4
1.1
.6
.6
1.2
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
0.34
.24
.23
.26
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.21
.23
.22
.22
.23
.22
.21
.20
.20
.22
.21
.21
4.19
3.63
4.45
4.47
4.63
4.76
5.01
5.03
5.11
5.34
5.54
5.76
5.35
5.06
5.16
5.07
5.45
5.24
R5.16
R5.26
4.63
0.65
.52
.58
.59
.61
.62
.69
.69
.70
R.72
.79
.77
.79
.76
.67
.67
.70
R.70
.71
R.71
.69
0.08
.03
.02
.02
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
4.92
4.18
5.05
5.08
5.28
5.41
5.73
5.75
5.84
6.10
6.35
6.56
6.17
5.84
5.85
5.76
6.17
R5.96
R5.89
R5.99
5.33
6.3
5.5
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.8
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.9
6.1
5.9
R5.9
R5.9
5.4
Other 1
2
37
30
20
17
20
20
15
13
14
14
20
28
19
15
20
15
10
12
13
15
16
Quadrillion Btu
1
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons.
3 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable.
Notes: • Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy
consumption (see Table 1.3). • See Note, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. • Because of
changes in methodology, data series may be revised annually. • Estimates of nonfuel use in this table are
considered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which are considered
transportation use. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1980, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
2
0.19
.16
.11
.09
.10
.10
.08
.07
.07
.07
.11
.15
.10
.08
.10
.08
.05
.06
.07
.08
.08
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.
Sources: Petroleum Products: • 1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane in 1980.
• 1981 forward—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and unpublished data. Natural Gas:
• 1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, Hydrocarbon, Coal, and Coke Materials
Consumed. • 1981 forward—U.S. Department of Commerce. Coal: • 1960-1995—U.S. International
Trade Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, United States Production and Sales, 1995 (January
1997). • 1996 forward—EIA estimates. Percent of Total Energy Consumption: Derived by dividing
total by total consumption on Table 1.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
33
Energy Overview
Note. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the United
States and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some are
used directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofing
and paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products that
are used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used in
vehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemical feedstocks are used to
make plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products; and natural gas is used to
make nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the chemical industry. For more
information, see Energy Information Administration, “Emissions of Greenhouse
Gases in the United States” (“Nonfuel Use of Energy Inputs” section in Chapter 2),
at http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.
Table 1.14 Sources; Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10): • 1949-1980—U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS), Federal and Indian Lands Oil and Gas Production,
Royalty Income, and Related Statistics, and Federal and Indian Lands Coal, Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Mineral Production, Royalty Income, and
34
Related Statistics (June 1981). U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Naval
Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (NPOSR), unpublished data; and USGS, National
Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. • 1981-1983—DOI, Minerals
Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal
and Indian Leases, annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data; and USGS,
National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. • 1984-1998—DOI, MMS,
Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, annual
reports; and DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data. • 1999 and 2000—DOI, MMS.
Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal and American Indian Leases,
annual reports. • 2001 forward—DOI, MMS, "2001-Forward MRM Statistical
Information." Btu Data: Data in columns 2, 5, 8, and 11 are calculated by multiplying the physical data by approximate heat contents for total U.S. production in
Tables A2, A4, and A5. Data in column 13 are the sum of the other Btu
columns. Percent of U.S. Total: Percentages are calculated by dividing
production on federally administered lands by total U.S. production, then multiplying by 100. Calendar-year values for total U.S. production are from Tables
5.1, 6.1, and 7.1; fiscal-year values for total U.S. production are the sum of
October-September values from the Monthly Energy Review (May 2009), Tables
3.1, 4.1, and 6.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2
Energy Consumption by Sector
Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from the inner harbor.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
Transportation
27.8
1
Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in
"Renewable Energy."
2
Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
3
Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.
4
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.
5
Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
6
Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants.
7
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to
sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.
Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2008, Tables 1.3,
2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
37
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2008
End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2008
40
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
Quadrillion Btu
30
22%
19%
Transportation
20
Residential
28%
10
31%
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2008
Electric Power Sector, 1949-2008
25
50
Primary Consumption
Total Consumption
40.1
31.2
30
27.8
21.6
10
27.9
20.6
20
20
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
40
18.5
Coal
15
Nuclear Electric
Power
10
Renewable
Energy1
5
6.8
Natural Gas
4.0
Petroleum
0
0
Residential
1
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.
Note: See Note 2, “Primary Energy Consumption,” at end of Section 1.
38
1950
1960
Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2008
Residential, By Major Source
Commercial, By Major Source
12
12
10
Electrical
Losses¹
Electrical
Losses¹
8
Renewable Energy
6
Natural Gas
4
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
10
Electricity
8
6
Electricity
4
Natural Gas
Petroleum
2
2
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
0
1990
2000
Industrial, By Major Source
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1990
2000
Transportation, By Major Source
12
30
Petroleum
Natural Gas
8
Electrical
Losses¹
6
Electricity
4
25
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
10
Petroleum
20
15
10
Coal
2
5
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity.
1950
1960
1970
1980
Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
39
Table 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Commercial 1
Residential
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Primary 5
4,475
4,848
5,633
6,689
7,328
8,353
8,457
8,655
8,250
7,928
8,006
8,408
8,207
8,272
7,934
7,453
7,058
7,154
6,841
R7,221
7,161
6,922
6,941
7,372
7,586
6,570
6,758
6,963
7,156
6,991
6,946
7,471
7,040
6,424
6,784
7,169
6,879
6,938
7,252
7,019
R6,921
R6,191
R6,626
6,778
Total 6
5,614
6,007
7,303
9,078
10,689
13,798
14,278
14,891
14,930
14,683
14,842
15,441
15,689
16,156
15,842
15,787
15,295
15,557
15,457
R15,998
16,088
16,029
16,321
17,186
17,858
17,015
17,490
17,427
18,289
18,181
18,578
19,562
19,026
19,021
19,621
20,488
20,106
20,874
21,208
21,178
R21,697
R20,770
R21,619
21,637
Primary 5
2,661
2,824
2,548
2,702
3,150
4,196
4,283
4,369
4,381
4,221
4,023
4,333
4,217
4,269
4,333
4,074
3,805
3,835
3,806
R3,969
3,695
3,657
3,736
3,958
4,004
3,858
3,906
3,951
3,934
3,979
4,063
4,235
4,257
3,964
4,007
4,227
4,036
4,099
4,239
4,180
4,014
R3,703
R3,896
3,972
Total 6
3,661
3,883
3,882
4,589
5,820
8,307
8,681
9,145
9,507
9,363
9,466
10,035
10,177
10,481
10,627
10,563
10,602
10,847
10,923
R11,436
11,444
11,604
11,943
12,575
13,203
13,333
R13,513
13,454
13,836
14,111
14,698
15,181
15,694
15,979
16,384
17,176
17,141
17,367
17,351
17,664
17,875
R17,724
R18,287
18,541
Industrial 2
Primary 5
12,627
13,881
16,091
16,977
20,124
22,975
22,732
23,532
24,741
23,816
21,454
22,685
23,193
23,276
R24,212
22,610
21,338
R19,076
R18,578
R20,198
R19,468
R19,099
R19,977
R20,884
R20,897
R21,208
R20,854
R21,787
R21,785
R22,422
R22,748
R23,444
R23,722
23,211
22,991
22,871
21,836
21,857
21,576
22,455
R21,466
R21,632
R21,454
20,630
Total 6
14,717
16,233
19,472
20,823
25,075
29,641
29,601
30,953
32,653
31,819
29,447
31,430
32,307
32,733
33,962
32,077
30,756
R27,657
R27,481
R29,625
R28,877
R28,333
R29,444
R30,739
R31,398
R31,895
R31,487
R32,661
R32,721
R33,607
R34,047
R34,989
35,288
34,928
34,855
34,757
32,806
R32,764
32,650
33,609
R32,545
R32,541
R32,523
31,210
1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants.
2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricity
retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
40
Transportation
Primary 5
7,880
8,384
9,475
10,560
12,400
16,061
16,693
17,681
18,576
18,086
18,209
19,065
19,784
20,580
20,436
19,658
19,476
19,051
19,132
19,607
20,041
20,740
21,419
22,267
22,425
22,366
22,065
22,363
22,716
23,312
23,793
24,384
24,697
25,203
25,894
26,492
R26,216
R26,788
26,928
27,820
28,280
R28,761
R29,046
27,842
Total 6
7,990
8,493
9,551
10,597
12,434
16,098
16,729
17,716
18,612
18,119
18,244
19,099
19,820
20,615
20,471
19,696
19,513
19,088
19,175
19,654
20,087
20,789
21,469
22,318
22,479
22,420
22,118
22,416
22,770
23,367
23,849
24,439
24,752
25,258
25,951
26,552
R26,279
R26,849
27,002
27,899
28,361
R28,841
R29,134
27,925
Electric
Power
Sector 3,4
Primary 5
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,014
16,259
17,124
18,466
19,753
19,933
20,307
21,513
22,591
23,587
23,987
24,327
24,488
24,034
24,679
25,719
26,132
26,338
27,104
28,338
430,025
30,660
31,025
30,893
32,025
32,563
33,621
34,638
35,045
36,385
37,136
38,214
37,366
38,171
38,218
38,876
39,799
39,589
R40,542
40,090
Balancing
Item 7
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
7
1
8
7
2
2
-1
3
4
3
3
-4
3
-3
3
9
-9
1
(s)
-10
-6
3
4
6
-3
6
2
-6
5
-3
(s)
6
(s)
R-10
-10
Total 8
31,982
34,616
40,208
45,087
54,017
67,844
69,289
72,704
75,708
73,991
71,999
76,012
78,000
79,986
80,903
78,122
76,168
73,153
R73,039
R76,715
R76,493
R76,759
R79,175
R82,822
R84,946
R84,654
R84,609
R85,958
R87,605
R89,261
R91,174
R94,176
R94,766
95,183
96,817
98,975
96,326
97,858
98,209
100,351
R100,485
R99,875
R101,554
99,304
section.
7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use sectors equals the sum of
total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumption does not equal the sum
of the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for natural gas and coal.
8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/consump.html.
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b-2.1f.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
Petroleum
Total
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,272
1,261
867
585
352
209
172
116
94
82
63
59
57
49
37
31
30
32
31
40
39
40
37
37
31
31
25
26
26
21
17
17
16
12
14
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
R8
7
1,027
1,240
2,198
3,212
4,028
4,987
5,126
5,264
4,977
4,901
5,023
5,147
4,913
4,981
5,055
4,825
4,614
4,711
4,478
4,661
4,534
4,405
4,420
4,735
4,899
4,491
4,667
4,805
5,063
4,960
4,954
5,354
5,093
4,646
4,835
5,105
4,889
5,014
5,230
4,986
4,951
4,476
R4,840
4,994
1,121
1,340
1,792
2,265
2,481
2,755
2,777
2,895
2,825
2,573
2,495
2,720
2,695
2,620
2,114
1,748
1,543
1,441
1,362
R1,540
1,578
1,556
1,634
1,690
1,679
1,407
1,392
1,427
1,448
1,420
1,383
1,488
1,428
1,314
1,473
1,563
1,539
1,463
1,539
1,539
1,455
R1,233
R1,251
1,178
3,420
3,842
4,858
6,062
6,860
7,952
8,075
8,276
7,896
7,557
7,580
7,927
7,666
7,651
7,206
6,603
6,188
6,184
5,871
R6,241
6,151
6,002
6,091
6,462
6,608
5,929
6,085
6,257
6,537
6,401
6,355
6,859
6,537
5,971
6,322
6,679
6,440
6,489
6,781
6,537
6,414
R5,715
R6,099
6,179
1
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53
56
58
60
62
64
65
65
65
65
64
61
60
59
58
59
61
67
R75
83
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Seciton 6.
4 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
5 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
2
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Sales 4
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
920
580
610
640
550
520
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
R430
R390
R430
490
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
978
641
674
706
618
590
591
612
503
452
462
490
439
449
471
483
R507
R475
R527
599
4,475
4,848
5,633
6,689
7,328
8,353
8,457
8,655
8,250
7,928
8,006
8,408
8,207
8,272
7,934
7,453
7,058
7,154
6,841
R7,221
7,161
6,922
6,941
7,372
7,586
6,570
6,758
6,963
7,156
6,991
6,946
7,471
7,040
6,424
6,784
7,169
6,879
6,938
7,252
7,019
R6,921
R6,191
R6,626
6,778
228
246
438
687
993
1,591
1,704
1,838
1,976
1,973
2,007
2,069
2,202
2,301
2,330
2,448
2,464
2,489
2,562
2,662
2,709
2,795
2,902
3,046
3,090
3,153
3,260
3,193
3,394
3,441
3,557
3,694
3,671
3,856
3,906
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
R4,750
4,706
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 5
911
913
1,232
1,701
2,368
3,854
4,116
4,397
4,703
4,783
4,829
4,963
5,280
5,582
5,578
5,885
5,773
5,914
6,054
6,116
6,219
6,313
6,479
6,768
7,182
7,291
7,472
7,270
7,739
7,750
8,075
8,397
8,315
8,741
8,931
9,250
9,127
9,619
9,603
9,750
10,139
9,968
R10,243
10,152
Total
5,614
6,007
7,303
9,078
10,689
13,798
14,278
14,891
14,930
14,683
14,842
15,441
15,689
16,156
15,842
15,787
15,295
15,557
15,457
R15,998
16,088
16,029
16,321
17,186
17,858
17,015
17,490
17,427
18,289
18,181
18,578
19,562
19,026
19,021
19,621
20,488
20,106
20,874
21,208
21,178
R21,697
R20,770
R21,619
21,637
energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/consump.html.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
41
Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
Petroleum 4
Total
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,554
1,542
801
407
265
165
179
153
160
175
147
144
148
165
149
115
137
155
162
169
137
135
125
131
115
124
116
117
117
118
117
122
129
93
103
92
97
90
82
103
97
R65
R70
67
360
401
651
1,056
1,490
2,473
2,587
2,678
2,649
2,617
2,558
2,718
2,548
2,643
2,836
2,651
2,557
2,650
2,486
2,582
2,488
2,367
2,489
2,731
2,785
2,682
2,795
2,871
2,923
2,962
3,096
3,226
3,285
3,083
3,115
3,252
3,097
3,225
3,274
3,204
3,076
R2,902
R3,095
3,204
727
862
1,081
1,228
1,386
1,551
1,510
1,530
1,565
1,423
1,310
1,461
1,511
1,450
1,334
1,287
1,090
1,008
1,136
R1,195
1,045
1,126
1,093
1,063
1,002
953
895
854
780
787
732
751
704
661
661
756
741
680
770
755
721
R620
R613
578
2,641
2,805
2,533
2,690
3,142
4,189
4,276
4,362
4,374
4,214
4,015
4,323
4,207
4,257
4,319
4,053
3,784
3,813
3,784
R3,946
3,670
3,629
3,707
3,925
3,902
3,760
3,806
3,842
3,820
3,867
3,945
4,099
4,118
3,837
3,879
4,099
3,935
3,995
4,126
4,062
3,894
R3,586
R3,778
3,850
1
Hydroelectric
Power 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.
Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.
4 Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass."
5 Conventional hydroelectric power.
6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
2
3
42
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Sales 6
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
99
94
95
105
109
106
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
102
R102
107
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
102
98
100
109
114
112
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
119
117
R118
123
2,661
2,824
2,548
2,702
3,150
4,196
4,283
4,369
4,381
4,221
4,023
4,333
4,217
4,269
4,333
4,074
3,805
3,835
3,806
R3,969
3,695
3,657
3,736
3,958
4,004
3,858
3,906
3,951
3,934
3,979
4,063
4,235
4,257
3,964
4,007
4,227
4,036
4,099
4,239
4,180
4,014
R3,703
R3,896
3,972
200
225
350
543
789
1,201
1,288
1,408
1,517
1,501
1,598
1,678
1,754
1,813
1,854
1,906
2,033
2,077
2,116
2,264
2,351
2,439
2,539
2,675
2,767
2,860
2,918
2,900
3,019
3,116
3,252
3,344
3,503
3,678
3,766
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
R4,560
4,615
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 7
800
834
984
1,344
1,880
2,910
3,111
3,368
3,609
3,640
3,845
4,025
4,206
4,398
4,439
4,582
4,763
4,935
5,001
5,203
5,398
5,508
5,669
5,943
6,431
6,615
6,689
6,603
6,883
7,017
7,382
7,603
7,935
8,338
8,610
8,993
9,043
9,158
9,023
9,286
9,511
9,586
R9,832
9,955
Total
3,661
3,883
3,882
4,589
5,820
8,307
8,681
9,145
9,507
9,363
9,466
10,035
10,177
10,481
10,627
10,563
10,602
10,847
10,923
R11,436
11,444
11,604
11,943
12,575
13,203
13,333
R13,513
13,454
13,836
14,111
14,698
15,181
15,694
15,979
16,384
17,176
17,141
17,367
17,351
17,664
17,875
R17,724
R18,287
18,541
energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/consump.html.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
5,433
5,781
5,620
4,543
5,127
4,656
3,944
3,993
4,057
3,870
3,667
3,661
3,454
3,314
3,593
3,155
3,157
2,552
2,490
2,842
2,760
2,641
2,673
2,828
2,787
2,756
2,601
2,515
2,496
2,510
2,488
2,434
2,395
2,335
2,227
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
R1,865
1,799
1
Coal Coke
Net Imports
-7
1
-10
-6
-18
-58
-33
-26
-7
56
14
(s)
15
125
63
-35
-16
-22
-16
-11
-13
-17
9
40
30
5
10
35
27
58
61
23
46
67
58
65
29
61
51
138
44
61
25
41
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
3,188
3,546
4,701
5,973
7,339
9,536
9,892
9,884
10,388
10,004
8,532
8,762
8,635
8,539
8,549
8,333
8,185
7,068
6,776
7,405
7,032
6,646
7,283
7,655
8,088
8,451
8,572
8,918
9,070
9,126
9,592
9,901
9,933
9,763
9,375
9,500
8,676
8,845
8,521
8,544
7,911
R7,846
R8,030
8,149
3,468
3,951
5,111
5,747
6,789
7,787
7,856
8,534
9,104
8,694
8,146
9,010
9,774
9,867
10,568
9,525
8,285
7,795
7,420
R8,010
7,738
7,880
8,065
8,339
8,120
8,278
7,987
8,581
8,417
8,799
8,613
9,052
9,289
9,114
9,395
9,119
9,217
9,209
9,232
9,865
9,673
R9,806
R9,486
8,586
Total
12,083
13,279
15,421
16,258
19,236
21,922
21,659
22,385
23,541
22,624
20,359
21,432
21,879
21,845
22,773
20,977
19,610
17,393
16,670
R18,246
17,516
17,150
18,029
18,861
19,025
19,490
19,169
20,048
20,011
20,493
20,754
21,410
21,663
21,280
21,054
20,941
20,115
20,135
19,845
20,594
19,583
R19,627
R19,406
18,575
Hydroelectric
Power 5
76
69
38
39
33
34
34
34
35
33
32
33
33
32
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
R16
19
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.
Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.
4 Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass."
5 Conventional hydroelectric power.
6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
2
3
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
Biomass
Total
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,040
1,113
1,165
1,159
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,695
R1,650
R1,875
R1,919
R1,919
R1,916
R1,915
R1,990
R1,842
R1,685
R1,653
R1,706
R1,742
R1,864
R1,936
1,970
R1,998
1,873
1,883
1,884
1,684
1,679
1,684
1,824
R1,847
R1,972
R2,028
2,032
544
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,074
1,147
1,200
1,192
1,096
1,253
1,314
1,432
1,439
1,633
1,728
R1,683
R1,908
R1,952
R1,952
R1,949
R1,948
R2,023
R1,872
R1,718
R1,685
R1,739
R1,774
R1,929
R1,994
R2,034
R2,059
1,931
1,936
1,930
1,721
R1,722
R1,730
R1,860
R1,883
R2,005
R2,048
2,056
Total
Primary
12,627
13,881
16,091
16,977
20,124
22,975
22,732
23,532
24,741
23,816
21,454
22,685
23,193
23,276
R24,212
22,610
21,338
R19,076
R18,578
R20,198
R19,468
R19,099
R19,977
R20,884
R20,897
R21,208
R20,854
R21,787
R21,785
R22,422
R22,748
R23,444
R23,722
23,211
22,991
22,871
21,836
21,857
21,576
22,455
R21,466
R21,632
R21,454
20,630
Electricity
Retail
Sales 6
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 7
418
500
887
1,107
1,463
1,948
2,011
2,187
2,341
2,337
2,346
2,573
2,682
2,761
2,873
2,781
2,817
2,542
2,648
2,859
2,855
2,834
2,928
3,059
3,158
3,226
3,230
3,319
3,334
3,439
3,455
3,527
3,542
3,587
3,611
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
R3,507
3,351
1,672
1,852
2,495
2,739
3,488
4,719
4,857
5,233
5,571
5,666
5,647
6,171
6,432
6,696
6,878
6,686
6,600
6,039
6,256
6,568
6,554
6,401
6,538
6,795
7,342
7,461
7,403
7,556
7,602
7,746
7,844
8,018
8,024
8,131
8,254
8,255
7,570
7,528
7,620
7,682
7,602
7,459
R7,562
7,229
Total
14,717
16,233
19,472
20,823
25,075
29,641
29,601
30,953
32,653
31,819
29,447
31,430
32,307
32,733
33,962
32,077
30,756
R27,657
R27,481
R29,625
R28,877
R28,333
R29,444
R30,739
R31,398
R31,895
R31,487
R32,661
R32,721
R33,607
R34,047
R34,989
35,288
34,928
34,855
34,757
32,806
R32,764
32,650
33,609
R32,545
R32,541
R32,523
31,210
each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than +0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5
trillion Btu.
Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/consump.html.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.7, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
43
Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,727
1,564
421
75
16
7
5
4
3
2
1
(s)
(s)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
NA
130
254
359
517
745
766
787
743
685
595
559
543
539
612
650
658
612
505
545
519
499
535
632
649
680
620
608
645
709
724
737
780
666
675
672
658
702
630
603
625
R625
667
677
1
Petroleum 4
6,152
6,690
8,800
10,126
11,868
15,310
15,923
16,891
17,831
17,399
17,614
18,506
19,241
20,041
19,825
R19,009
18,811
18,420
18,593
19,020
19,471
20,182
20,816
21,567
21,706
21,625
21,373
21,674
21,976
22,496
22,954
23,565
23,813
24,422
25,098
25,682
25,413
25,913
26,063
26,922
27,309
R27,652
R27,766
26,332
Total
7,880
8,384
9,475
10,560
12,400
16,061
16,693
17,681
18,576
18,086
18,209
19,065
19,784
20,580
20,436
19,658
19,469
19,032
19,098
19,565
19,990
20,681
21,352
22,198
22,355
22,305
21,994
22,282
22,621
23,205
23,678
24,302
24,593
25,088
25,774
26,354
26,071
26,615
26,693
27,525
27,934
R28,277
R28,432
27,009
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels—see Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous
Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in
compressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuel—see Table 6.5.
4 Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass."
5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
2
3
44
Biomass
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
19
34
42
51
59
67
68
69
62
72
81
96
107
115
82
104
115
120
138
145
R173
R234
R295
346
R484
R614
833
Total
Primary
7,880
8,384
9,475
10,560
12,400
16,061
16,693
17,681
18,576
18,086
18,209
19,065
19,784
20,580
20,436
19,658
19,476
19,051
19,132
19,607
20,041
20,740
21,419
22,267
22,425
22,366
22,065
22,363
22,716
23,312
23,793
24,384
24,697
25,203
25,894
26,492
R26,216
R26,788
26,928
27,820
28,280
R28,761
R29,046
27,842
Electricity
Retail
Sales 5
22
23
20
10
10
11
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
13
14
14
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
R28
26
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 6
88
86
56
26
24
26
25
25
25
24
24
24
25
24
24
27
25
26
30
33
32
34
35
35
38
37
37
37
37
38
39
38
38
38
40
42
43
42
51
55
56
54
R60
56
Total
7,990
8,493
9,551
10,597
12,434
16,098
16,729
17,716
18,612
18,119
18,244
19,099
19,820
20,615
20,471
19,696
19,513
19,088
19,175
19,654
20,087
20,789
21,469
22,318
22,479
22,420
22,118
22,416
22,770
23,367
23,849
24,439
24,752
25,258
25,951
26,552
R26,279
R26,849
27,002
27,899
28,361
R28,841
R29,134
27,925
energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
7 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial
sector consumption.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/consump.html.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19897
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
7,299
7,811
8,658
8,534
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
16,137
16,261
16,250
16,466
17,196
17,261
17,466
18,429
18,905
19,216
19,279
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
R20,808
20,547
1
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
4,099
4,084
3,748
3,519
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,778
3,730
3,312
2,972
3,199
3,135
2,670
2,916
2,693
3,173
3,309
3,377
3,512
3,538
3,977
4,302
3,862
4,126
4,675
4,902
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
R7,005
6,823
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
1,703
1,289
1,198
991
1,124
1,059
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
R657
463
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
13,893
14,992
15,921
15,418
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,534
18,516
17,462
17,729
18,504
18,767
18,566
19,346
20,106
21,013
20,859
20,825
20,968
21,857
22,297
22,523
23,109
23,957
25,197
25,393
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,112
27,986
27,485
R28,470
27,833
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal
0
0
0
6
43
239
413
584
910
1,272
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
5,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,033
8,143
7,959
8,222
8,160
8,214
R8,458
8,455
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
2,790
2,829
2,827
3,143
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
2,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
R2,430
2,432
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
R308
312
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.
Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.
4 See Table 5.14c for series components.
5 Conventional hydroelectric power.
6 Net imports equal imports minus exports.
7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
2
3
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
8
Wind
Biomass
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
R341
514
6
5
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
2
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
4
9
14
12
15
17
232
317
354
402
415
434
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
R423
423
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,033
2,615
2,806
2,864
2,873
3,199
3,194
3,024
2,383
2,973
2,986
2,982
2,852
3,341
3,627
3,527
3,150
3,270
2,846
2,536
3,372
3,689
3,710
3,360
3,662
3,420
3,889
4,305
4,375
4,032
4,034
3,579
2,910
3,445
3,601
3,503
3,568
3,827
R3,508
3,690
Electricity
Net
Imports 6
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
12
26
49
43
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
84
63
107
112
Total
Primary
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,014
16,259
17,124
18,466
19,753
19,933
20,307
21,513
22,591
23,587
23,987
24,327
24,488
24,034
24,679
25,719
26,132
26,338
27,104
28,338
30,025
30,660
31,025
30,893
32,025
32,563
33,621
34,638
35,045
36,385
37,136
38,214
37,366
38,171
38,218
38,876
39,799
39,589
R40,542
40,090
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • The electric
power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Note 3,
"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/consump.html.
Sources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
45
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002
By Energy Source
10
8.3
8
6.5
Quadrillion Btu
6
4
3.1
2.8
2.0
2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
-0.7
-2
Natural Gas
LPG¹ and NGL²
Net
Electricity
Coal
Coal Coke
and Breeze³
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other 4
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Shipments 5
By North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code6
10
8
Quadrillion Btu
6.8
6.5
6
4
2.4
2.1
2
1.1
0
311
1
1.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
(s)
(s)
312
313
314
315
316
0.4
321
0.4
0.1
322
323
324
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Natural gas liquids.
3
See “Breeze” in Glossary.
4
Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.
5
Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.
2
46
325
326
327
331
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
332
333
334
335
336
0.1
0.1
337
339
6
See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries that correspond to the 3-digit
NAICS codes.
(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.
Source: Table 2.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002
(Trillion Btu )
NAICS 1
Code
1
Manufacturing Group
Coal
Coal Coke
and
Breeze 2
Natural Gas
LPG 3
and
NGL 4
Residual
Fuel Oil
Net
Electricity 5
Other
6
Shipments
of Energy
Sources 7
Total 8
311
312
313
314
315
316
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
339
Food .................................................................................
Beverage and Tobacco Products .....................................
Textile Mills .......................................................................
Textile Product Mills .........................................................
Apparel .............................................................................
Leather and Allied Products .............................................
Wood Products .................................................................
Paper ................................................................................
Printing and Related Support ...........................................
Petroleum and Coal Products ...........................................
Chemicals .........................................................................
Plastics and Rubber Products ..........................................
Nonmetallic Mineral Products ...........................................
Primary Metals ..................................................................
Fabricated Metal Products ................................................
Machinery .........................................................................
Computer and Electronic Products ...................................
Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........
Transportation Equipment ................................................
Furniture and Related Products ........................................
Miscellaneous ...................................................................
184
17
22
Q
0
0
1
236
0
Q
344
Q
309
515
1
1
(s)
(s)
8
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
6
0
11
355
Q
0
0
(s)
Q
0
0
582
46
75
29
16
4
57
504
46
878
2,307
128
422
704
210
82
65
53
203
25
32
19
2
2
Q
1
(s)
13
13
(s)
19
14
2
34
15
6
3
1
1
4
1
1
5
1
2
1
(s)
(s)
5
6
1
24
3,001
6
3
3
3
3
(s)
1
4
1
1
13
2
4
2
(s)
(s)
1
100
(s)
25
87
7
3
1
Q
(s)
1
(s)
6
(s)
(s)
230
26
86
17
12
2
72
223
50
127
522
181
142
493
161
84
131
47
172
24
35
89
11
15
Q
(s)
(s)
228
1,276
1
5,520
687
5
136
178
3
4
3
70
30
11
2
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-83
-504
-0
-0
-143
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
1,123
105
207
60
30
7
377
2,363
98
6,799
6,465
351
1,059
2,120
388
177
201
172
429
64
71
—
Total Manufacturing ..........................................................
1,958
385
6,468
152
3,070
255
2,840
8,271
-730
22,666
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
See "Breeze" in Glossary.
3 Liquefied petroleum gases.
4 Natural gas liquids.
5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as
asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equal
to 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which are
nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).
7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to
2
Distillate
Fuel Oil
another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtracted from consumption.
8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases,
natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, minus shipments of energy sources.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the relative standard error was greater than 50
percent.
Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw
material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that was originally produced offsite or was
produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs.
Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2002 Manufacturing Energy Consumption
Survey."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
47
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2002
By Selected End Use¹
Process Heating
3.6
Machine Drive
1.6
Facility HVAC²
0.7
Electrochemical Processes
0.2
Process Cooling and Refrigeration
0.2
Facility Lighting
0.2
Conventional Electricity Generation
0.0
0.1
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Quadrillion Btu
By Energy Source
7
6
5.8
Quadrillion Btu
5
4
2.8
3
2
1.2
1
0.2
0.1
0.1
Residual
Fuel Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG 4 and
NGL5
0
Natural Gas
Net Electricity
Coal ³
1
4
2
5
Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,006 trillion Btu).
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.
3
Excludes coal coke and breeze.
48
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Natural gas liquids.
Source: Table 2.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2002
Net Electricity 1
End-Use Category
Residual Fuel Oil
Million Kilowatthours
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG 2 and NGL 3
Million Barrels
Natural Gas
Coal 4
Billion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
Total 5
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................
Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ..........................
3,540
2,496
1,043
20
12
8
6
4
2
2
2
(s)
2,105
1,271
834
35
11
23
––
––
––
Direct End Use
All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
650,100
100,541
56,723
417,998
71,045
3,793
150,530
76,840
57,460
14,087
1,212
––
931
10
9
(s)
(s)
––
(s)
1
1
––
(s)
––
(s)
(s)
7
4
(s)
3
––
(s)
9
1
––
(s)
6
Q
Q
16
15
(s)
1
––
(s)
6
1
––
(s)
5
(s)
(s)
2,878
2,670
44
106
––
58
500
406
––
29
2
54
10
17
17
(s)
(s)
––
(s)
1
(s)
––
(s)
––
1
0
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
28,087
3
2
2
157
(s)
––
Total .................................................................................
832,257
33
24
26
5,641
53
––
Trillion Btu
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................
Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .........................
12
9
4
127
76
51
35
25
10
8
8
(s)
2,162
1,306
857
776
255
521
3,120
1,679
1,443
Direct End Use
All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
2,218
343
194
1,426
242
13
514
262
196
48
4
––
3
60
58
(s)
2
––
(s)
4
3
––
(s)
––
1
(s)
43
24
2
16
––
1
50
5
––
1
35
Q
Q
64
60
(s)
4
––
(s)
24
5
––
(s)
18
(s)
(s)
2,956
2,742
45
109
––
60
513
417
––
30
2
55
10
381
368
(s)
5
––
7
19
5
––
(s)
––
14
0
5,722
3,595
241
1,562
242
81
1,124
697
196
79
59
70
13
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
96
17
12
6
162
6
299
Total .................................................................................
2,840
208
141
103
5,794
1,182
10,268
1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
2 Liquefied petroleum gases.
3 Natural gas liquids.
4 Excludes coal coke and breeze.
5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,006 trillion Btu).
6 Combined-heat-and-power plants.
7 Excludes steam and hot water.
– – = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater
than 50 percent.
Notes: • Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, and
electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the
quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the
establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as
energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. • Allocations to end uses are made on the
basis of reasonable approximations by respondents. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zero, and the presence of estimates that are
withheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 percent.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs.
Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2002 Manufacturing Energy Consumption
Survey."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
49
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption
Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-2005¹
Consumption by All Households, by Census Region, 2005
4
12
10.6
9.7
10
10.0
9.3 9.3
9.1
10.6
9.9
3.25
9.2
2.91
3
8
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
8.6
9.0
10.3
6
4
2.52
2
1.87
1
2
0
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-2005¹
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Consumption per Household, by Census Region, 2005
140
150
138
126
120
122
113
114112
105
101
104
98
100
101
92
95
Million Btu
102
Million Btu
100
80
80
77
60
50
40
20
0
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1
50
1987
1990
For years not shown, there are no data available.
1993
1997
2001
2005
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Notes: • Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gases; data do not include wood. • For years not shown, there are no data available.
Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shown through March of following year; data for
1987 forward are for the calendar year. • See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005
(Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)
Census Region 1
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Northeast (total does not include wood) ..............
Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
2.89
1.14
.39
1.32
.03
NA
2.50
1.05
.39
1.03
.03
NA
2.44
.94
.41
1.07
.03
.26
2.36
1.01
.40
.93
.03
.27
2.19
.96
.37
.83
.02
.24
2.29
.93
.41
.93
.03
.21
2.37
1.03
.44
.87
.02
.17
2.30
1.03
.47
.78
.02
.12
2.38
1.11
.47
.78
.03
.14
2.38
1.03
.49
.84
.03
.14
2.16
.98
.53
.60
.05
.10
2.52
1.15
.58
.72
.07
.09
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
166
145
138
132
122
125
124
120
122
121
107
122
Midwest (total does not include wood) ................
Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
3.70
2.53
.60
.46
.12
NA
3.48
2.48
.59
.31
.10
NA
2.96
2.05
.60
.17
.15
.25
3.09
2.22
.56
.19
.13
.25
2.61
1.78
.56
.16
.11
.27
2.80
1.99
.55
.13
.13
.27
2.73
1.83
.61
.16
.13
.25
2.81
1.88
.66
.13
.13
.17
3.13
2.07
.74
.13
.19
.11
3.22
2.20
.75
.11
.17
.08
2.86
1.84
.81
.06
.15
.09
2.91
1.72
.94
.06
.18
.13
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
180
168
141
146
122
129
123
122
134
134
117
113
South (total does not include wood) ....................
Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
2.43
.96
1.00
.32
.15
NA
2.30
.91
.97
.28
.14
NA
2.57
1.12
1.06
.25
.14
.23
2.41
1.15
1.01
.14
.12
.21
2.45
1.14
1.01
.18
.12
.33
2.50
1.15
1.06
.16
.12
.33
2.61
1.09
1.22
.17
.12
.26
2.60
1.03
1.36
.11
.10
.17
2.95
1.18
1.51
.13
.13
.17
3.01
1.13
1.67
.10
.12
R.12
3.21
1.13
1.89
.08
.12
.09
3.25
.94
2.07
.07
.18
.12
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
99
92
95
87
87
85
84
81
88
84
83
80
West (total does not include wood) ......................
Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
1.54
.95
.48
.09
.03
NA
1.47
.88
.47
.09
.04
NA
1.34
.86
.41
.04
.04
.11
1.42
.90
.46
.03
.04
.13
1.33
.85
.41
.03
.04
.13
1.45
.91
.47
.04
.03
.17
1.42
.88
.48
.02
.05
.17
1.51
.92
.54
.02
.03
.12
1.55
.91
.56
.03
.04
.12
1.63
.93
.64
.03
.04
.10
1.63
.90
.66
.02
.06
.10
1.87
.98
.76
.03
.10
.09
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
110
100
84
87
81
85
78
78
76
75
70
77
United States (total does not include wood) ........
Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
10.56
5.58
2.47
2.19
.33
NA
9.74
5.31
2.42
1.71
.31
NA
9.32
4.97
2.48
1.52
.35
.85
9.29
5.27
2.42
1.28
.31
.87
8.58
4.74
2.35
1.20
.29
.97
9.04
4.98
2.48
1.26
.31
.98
9.13
4.83
2.76
1.22
.32
.85
9.22
4.86
3.03
1.04
.28
.58
10.01
5.27
3.28
1.07
.38
.55
10.25
5.28
3.54
1.07
.36
.43
9.86
4.84
3.89
.75
.38
.37
10.55
4.79
4.35
.88
.52
.43
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
138
126
114
112
102
105
101
98
104
101
92
95
1
See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
3 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. • For years not shown, there are
no data available. • Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data
2
for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs.
Sources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential Energy
Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption Survey."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
51
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures
Expenditures1, Selected Years, 1978-2005²
Consumption by Energy Source, 2005
6
250
4.8
Billion Nominal Dollars³
Quadrillion Btu
4
2
160
150
136
124
110
97
100
76
55
0.5
83 87
63
0.4
0
0
Natural Gas
Electricity
Fuel Oil 4
LPG 5
Wood 6
Consumption1 by End Use, 2005
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
Consumption1 for Space Heating, 2005
6
4
3
4.30
Quadrillion Btu
4
3.25
2.12
2
2.95
2
1
0.75
0.88
0
0.28
0.32
Electricity
LPG5
0
Space Heating
Appliances
Water Heating Air Conditioning
Natural Gas
1
5
2
6
Does not include wood, which is used for both space heating and ambiance.
For years not shown, there are no data available.
3
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
4
Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
52
98
50
0.9
Quadrillion Btu
201
200
4.4
Fuel Oil4
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Used for both space heating and ambiance.
Source: Table 2.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2005
Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,
Selected Years, 1978-2005
Air
Conditioning 2
Space Heating 1
Year
Natural
Gas
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 6
LPG 7
Electricity 5
Appliances 3,4
Water Heating
Natural
Gas
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 6
LPG 7
Natural
Gas
Electricity 5
Total
LPG 7
Natural
Gas 2
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 4,6
LPG 7
0.03
NA
.05
.05
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.02
.05
.05
5.58
5.31
4.97
5.27
4.74
4.98
4.83
4.86
5.27
5.28
4.84
4.79
2.47
2.42
2.48
2.42
2.35
2.48
2.76
3.03
3.28
3.54
3.89
4.35
2.19
1.71
1.52
1.28
1.20
1.26
1.22
1.04
1.07
1.07
.75
.88
0.33
.31
.35
.31
.29
.31
.32
.28
.38
.36
.38
.52
NA
NA
.85
.87
.97
.98
.85
.58
.55
.43
.37
.43
0.25
NA
.44
.52
.52
.54
.46
.48
.42
.36
.86
1.37
15.30
17.84
19.77
24.03
26.96
29.78
26.15
27.26
32.04
35.81
46.98
52.37
29.89
32.56
40.81
44.80
46.74
54.48
61.58
71.54
81.08
88.33
100.34
124.74
8.62
10.73
12.24
R11.39
10.07
9.60
7.21
8.25
6.98
7.61
6.83
12.99
1.66
2.06
2.80
2.81
2.75
3.12
2.81
3.14
3.81
4.04
5.60
11.00
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Wood 8
Consumption (quadrillion Btu)
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
4.26
NA
3.41
3.69
3.14
3.51
3.38
3.37
3.67
3.61
3.32
2.95
0.40
NA
.27
.26
.25
.25
.28
.30
.41
.40
.39
.28
2.05
NA
1.30
1.06
1.04
1.11
1.05
.93
.95
.91
.62
.75
0.23
NA
.23
.21
.19
.21
.22
.19
.30
.26
.28
.32
R0.31
NA
.36
.34
.31
.32
.44
.48
.46
.42
.62
.88
1.04
NA
1.15
1.13
1.15
1.10
1.10
1.16
1.31
1.29
1.15
1.41
0.29
NA
.30
.30
.28
.32
.31
.34
.34
.39
.36
.42
0.14
NA
.22
.22
.15
.15
.17
.11
.12
.16
.13
.14
0.06
NA
.07
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.05
.08
.05
.15
0.28
NA
.36
.43
.43
.35
.34
.33
.29
.37
.37
.43
R1.46
NA
1.54
1.52
1.50
1.59
1.72
1.91
2.08
2.33
2.52
2.77
Expenditures (billion nominal dollars 9)
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
1
11.49
NA
13.22
16.62
17.74
20.66
18.05
18.59
21.95
24.11
31.84
31.97
3.53
NA
3.78
3.93
4.21
4.62
5.53
6.16
8.66
8.56
8.98
7.42
8.06
NA
10.48
9.44
8.80
8.51
6.25
7.42
6.24
6.57
5.66
10.99
1.05
NA
1.78
1.78
1.69
2.00
1.85
2.01
2.81
2.79
4.04
6.35
R3.97
NA
5.84
6.23
6.23
7.06
9.77
11.23
11.31
10.20
15.94
25.26
2.88
NA
4.51
5.13
6.51
6.63
6.02
6.59
8.08
8.84
11.31
15.57
R3.15
NA
4.45
4.94
5.00
6.44
6.45
7.21
7.58
8.99
8.47
11.13
0.56
NA
1.76
1.94
1.28
1.09
.94
.83
.74
1.04
1.15
2.00
Wood used for space heating is included in "Total Wood."
A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Total Natural Gas."
3 Includes refrigerators.
4 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under
"Total."
5 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu.
6 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
7 Liquefied petroleum gases.
2
0.36
NA
.57
.51
.54
.58
.50
.65
.58
.89
.69
3.28
0.93
NA
1.91
2.17
2.58
2.31
2.02
2.03
1.98
2.86
3.83
4.80
R19.24
NA
26.74
29.70
31.29
36.36
39.83
46.95
53.52
60.57
66.94
80.92
8
Wood used for both space heating and ambience.
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there are no data available. • Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs.
Sources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential Energy
Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption Survey."
9
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
53
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances
Share of Households With Selected Appliances and Electronics, 1980 and 2005
100
100
100
99
99
98
99
1980
88
83
Percent
80
79
74
68
61
60
58
38
37
40
20
2005
32
14
(2)
0
Refrigerator
Range/Stove/
Oven¹
Television
Microwave
Oven
Clothes
Washer
Clothes
Dryer¹
Share of Households With Other Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2005
Personal
Computer
Dishwasher
Separate
Freezer
Space Heating by Main Fuel, 2005
100
86
1980
78
80
2005
Percent
Electricity
59
60
30%
46
40
43
35
20
14
22
17
30
27
Natural Gas
25
16
14
0
Range/Stove
Oven
Clothes
Dryer
Gas Appliances³
One
Two or
More
Refrigerator
Central
System
Window or
Wall Unit
None
Air Conditioning Equipment4
1
5
2
6
Natural gas and electric.
Not collected in 1980.
3
Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases.
4
Households with both central and individual room units are counted only under “Central.”
54
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Kerosene, coal, solar, other fuel, or no heat.
Source: Table 2.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
52%
Other6
3%
5%
Wood
7%
3%
5
LPG
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Year
Change
Appliance
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
1980 to 2005
Total Households (millions) ..............
77
78
82
83
84
86
91
94
97
101
107
111
29
R
52
29
5
9
2
2
55
29
5
R 7
2
R 2
52
30
5
7
3
R 3
-3
12
0
-8
-3
R 1
Percent of Households
Space Heating - Main Fuel
Natural Gas ........................................
Electricity 1 ..........................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................
Distillate Fuel Oil .................................
Wood ..................................................
Other 2 or No Space Heating ..............
55
16
4
20
2
3
55
17
5
17
4
2
55
18
5
15
6
2
56
17
4
14
6
3
57
16
5
13
7
3
55
17
5
12
7
3
55
20
5
12
6
3
55
23
5
11
4
2
53
26
5
11
3
2
Air Conditioning - Equipment
Central System 3 ................................
Window/Wall Unit 3 .............................
None ...................................................
23
33
44
24
31
45
27
30
43
27
31
42
28
30
42
30
30
40
34
30
36
39
29
32
44
25
32
47
25
28
55
23
23
59
25
16
32
-5
-27
Water Heating - Main Fuel
Natural Gas ........................................
Electricity 1 ..........................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................
Distillate Fuel Oil .................................
Other 2 or No Water Heating ..............
55
33
4
8
0
55
33
4
7
0
54
32
4
9
1
55
33
4
7
1
56
32
4
7
1
54
33
4
6
1
54
35
3
6
1
53
37
3
5
1
53
38
3
5
1
52
39
3
5
1
54
38
3
4
0
53
39
4
4
0
-1
7
0
-5
-1
Appliances and Electronics
Refrigerator 4 ......................................
One ...................................................
Two or More .....................................
Separate Freezer ................................
Clothes Washer ..................................
Clothes Dryer - Total ..........................
Natural Gas ......................................
Electric ..............................................
Dishwasher .........................................
Range/Stove/Oven .............................
Natural Gas ......................................
Electric ..............................................
Microwave Oven .................................
Television ...........................................
One or Two .......................................
Three or More ...................................
Personal Computer .............................
One ...................................................
Two or More .....................................
100
86
14
35
74
59
14
45
35
99
48
53
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
100
86
14
38
74
61
14
47
37
99
46
57
14
98
85
14
NA
NA
NA
100
87
13
38
73
61
16
45
37
100
46
56
17
98
84
14
NA
NA
NA
100
86
13
37
71
60
15
45
36
99
47
56
21
98
83
15
NA
NA
NA
100
88
12
37
73
62
16
46
38
99
46
57
34
98
80
18
NA
NA
NA
100
86
14
34
75
66
15
51
43
99
43
60
61
98
75
23
NA
NA
NA
100
84
15
34
76
69
16
53
45
100
42
59
79
99
71
28
R NA
NA
NA
100
85
15
35
77
70
R 14
57
45
100
33
63
84
99
70
28
R NA
NA
NA
100
85
15
33
77
71
R 15
55
50
99
35
62
83
R 99
69
29
35
29
6
100
83
17
32
79
74
R 16
57
53
100
35
62
86
R 99
63
36
56
42
15
100
78
22
32
83
79
R 17
61
58
99
35
62
88
R 99
56
43
68
45
23
0
-8
8
-6
9
18
R3
14
21
0
-11
5
74
R1
-29
29
NA
NA
NA
1
Retail electricity.
Kerosene, solar, or other fuel.
Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central
System."
4 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.
2
3
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 percent.
Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there are no data available.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs.
Sources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential Energy
Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption Survey."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
55
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007
By Fuel Type
60
57
Million Occupied Housing Units¹
1950
40
2007
36
20
14
11
9
9
6
(s)
0
Natural Gas
4
1
1
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG²
(s)
Wood
2
2
Other 4 and None
Coal³
By Fuel Type, Share of Total
60
1950
51
2007
40
34
Percent
33
26
22
20
10
8
Natural Gas
1
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
3
Includes coal coke.
2
56
5
2
1
0
6
1
LPG²
Wood
4
Kerosene, solar, and other.
(s)=Less than 0.5.
Source: Table 2.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
(s)
Coal³
1
Other 4 and None
Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007
Year
Coal 1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Natural
Gas
Electricity
Other 2
None 3
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.05
.05
.04
.03
.03
.02
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
0.77
.22
.27
.15
.09
.08
.09
.15
.12
.10
.11
.10
.16
.37
.28
.40
.41
.50
.64
.36
.21
.19
.16
.21
.46
1.57
.48
.40
.45
.48
.47
.46
.51
.60
.57
.61
.59
.68
.53
.66
.66
.86
.91
1.04
.62
.54
.39
.44
.40
.48
42.83
53.02
63.45
69.34
70.83
72.52
74.01
75.28
77.17
78.57
80.07
83.18
84.64
88.43
90.89
93.68
93.15
94.73
97.69
99.49
102.80
105.44
105.84
108.87
110.69
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.8
.4
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.7
.4
.2
.2
.1
.2
.4
3.7
.9
.6
.7
.7
.6
.6
.7
.8
.7
.8
.7
.8
.6
.7
.7
.9
1.0
1.1
.6
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Wood
Solar
4.17
2.24
.79
.60
.66
.85
.91
1.24
1.07
1.14
1.38
1.89
4.09
6.25
5.45
4.59
4.44
4.10
3.53
1.79
1.70
1.67
1.56
1.41
1.47
9.7
4.2
1.3
.9
.9
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.7
2.3
4.8
7.1
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.3
3.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.3
Million Occupied Housing Units
1950
1960
1970
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
14.48
6.46
1.82
.80
.74
.57
.48
.45
.40
.36
.33
.36
.43
.45
.41
.34
.32
.30
.21
.18
.17
.13
.13
.10
.09
9.46
17.16
16.47
17.24
16.84
16.30
16.45
15.62
15.65
15.30
14.50
14.13
12.59
12.44
12.74
12.47
11.47
11.17
10.98
10.10
10.03
9.81
9.50
9.38
8.74
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
.44
.42
.41
.37
.37
.45
1.06
1.08
1.07
.99
1.02
1.06
.75
.72
.65
.64
.55
.57
0.98
2.69
3.81
4.42
4.14
4.15
4.24
4.18
4.13
4.13
4.17
4.17
3.87
3.58
3.66
3.66
3.88
3.92
4.25
5.40
5.91
6.04
6.13
6.23
6.10
11.12
22.85
35.01
38.46
39.47
40.93
41.22
41.54
42.52
43.32
44.40
46.08
46.70
45.33
45.96
47.40
47.02
47.67
49.20
51.05
52.37
54.13
54.93
56.32
56.68
0.28
.93
4.88
7.21
8.41
9.17
10.15
11.15
12.26
13.24
14.21
15.49
15.68
18.36
20.61
23.06
23.71
25.11
26.77
29.20
31.14
32.41
32.34
34.26
36.08
Percent
1950
1960
1970
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
1
2
33.8
12.2
2.9
1.2
1.0
.8
.7
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
22.1
32.4
26.0
24.9
23.8
22.5
22.2
20.7
20.3
19.5
18.1
17.0
14.9
14.1
14.0
13.3
12.3
11.8
11.2
10.2
9.8
9.3
9.0
8.6
7.9
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
.6
.5
.5
.5
.4
.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
.8
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
2.3
5.1
6.0
6.4
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.4
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.5
26.0
43.1
55.2
55.5
55.7
56.4
55.7
55.2
55.1
55.1
55.4
55.4
55.2
51.3
50.6
50.6
50.5
50.3
50.4
51.3
50.9
51.3
51.9
51.7
51.2
Includes coal coke.
Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),
purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.
3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively.
4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil."
5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey.
6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990
Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.
0.6
1.8
7.7
10.4
11.9
12.6
13.7
14.8
15.9
16.9
17.7
18.6
18.5
20.8
22.7
24.6
25.5
26.5
27.4
29.4
30.3
30.7
30.6
31.5
32.6
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent.
Notes: • Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartment buildings. Housing units with
more than one type of heating system are classified according to the principal type of heating system.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html.
Sources: • 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing. • 1973
forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the United States, biennial surveys, Table
2-5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
57
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates
All Motor Vehicles,¹ 1949-2007
Index 1973=100
175
150
Fuel Rate²
125
Mileage³
100
Fuel Consumption4
75
50
25
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
Mileage, 1966-2007
1970
1980
1985
Fuel Consumption, 1966-2007
1990
Vans, Pickup Trucks,
and SUVs5
8
Passenger Cars6
2000
2005
25
Trucks
4
20
Passenger Cars6
Miles per Gallon
16
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle
Trucks
24
1995
Fuel Rates, 1966-2007
5
32
Thousand Miles per Vehicle
1975
3
2
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs5
1
15
Vans, Pickup Trucks,
and SUVs5
10
Trucks
5
Passenger Cars6
0
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1970
1980
1990
1
5
2
6
Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.
Miles per gallon.
3
Miles per vehicle.
4
Gallons per vehicle.
58
2000
Sport utility vehicle.
Through 1989, includes motorcycles.
Source: Table 2.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2007
Passenger Cars 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007P
1
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and Sport Utility Vehicles 2
3
All Motor Vehicles 4
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel Rate
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel Rate
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel Rate
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel Rate
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
vehicle
Gallons
per vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
627
603
645
668
661
737
743
754
737
677
665
681
676
665
620
551
538
535
534
530
538
543
539
531
1533
520
501
517
527
531
530
534
539
544
553
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
547
15.0
15.0
14.6
14.3
14.5
13.5
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.6
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.3
14.6
16.0
16.5
16.9
17.1
17.4
17.5
17.4
18.0
18.8
119.0
20.2
21.1
21.0
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.2
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
R22.5
22.5
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
866
888
922
931
862
934
934
947
948
905
854
819
762
767
797
735
738
744
745
724
738
721
717
714
701
694
685
703
707
701
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
609
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
10.0
10.2
10.3
10.5
11.0
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.5
13.5
13.7
14.0
14.3
14.6
14.9
15.4
16.1
16.1
17.0
17.3
17.4
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.0
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
R17.8
18.0
1,080
1,229
1,293
1,333
1,387
2,467
2,519
2,657
2,775
2,708
2,722
2,764
3,002
3,263
3,380
3,447
3,565
3,647
3,769
3,967
3,570
3,821
3,937
3,736
3,776
3,953
4,047
4,210
4,309
4,202
4,315
4,221
4,218
4,135
4,352
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
R4,304
4,270
9.0
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
5.9
726
725
761
784
787
830
839
857
850
788
790
806
814
816
776
712
697
686
686
691
685
692
694
688
688
677
669
683
693
698
700
700
711
721
732
720
695
719
718
714
706
R698
692
13.1
12.8
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.0
12.1
12.0
11.9
12.0
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.5
13.3
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.6
14.7
15.1
15.6
15.9
16.4
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
16.9
16.7
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
9,388
9,060
9,447
9,518
9,603
9,989
10,097
10,171
9,884
9,221
9,309
9,418
9,517
9,500
9,062
8,813
8,873
9,050
9,118
9,248
9,419
9,464
9,720
9,972
110,157
10,504
10,571
10,857
10,804
10,992
11,203
11,330
11,581
11,754
11,848
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
R12,485
12,293
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
8,676
9,082
9,534
9,779
9,452
9,829
10,127
10,607
10,968
10,802
10,437
10,244
10,276
10,497
11,151
10,506
10,764
11,114
11,465
11,676
11,902
12,245
12,381
12,430
12,156
12,018
11,811
12,115
12,173
11,957
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
R10,920
10,952
Through 1989, includes motorcycles.
Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans.
Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks.
4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.
5 Included in "Trucks."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
2
Trucks 3
9,712
10,316
10,576
10,693
10,851
13,565
14,117
14,780
15,370
14,995
15,167
15,438
16,700
18,045
18,502
18,736
19,016
19,931
21,083
22,550
20,597
22,143
23,349
22,485
22,926
23,603
24,229
25,373
26,262
25,838
26,514
26,092
27,032
25,397
26,014
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
R25,231
25,141
9,498
9,321
9,661
9,732
9,826
9,976
10,133
10,279
10,099
9,493
9,627
9,774
9,978
10,077
9,722
9,458
9,477
9,644
9,760
10,017
10,020
10,143
10,453
10,721
10,932
11,107
11,294
11,558
11,595
11,683
11,793
11,813
12,107
12,211
12,206
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
R12,017
11,910
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/consump.html. • For
related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/index.htm.
Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation
Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. All Other Data: • 1949-1994—Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. • 1995
forward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
59
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source
By Survey Year, 1979-2003
4
Quadrillion Btu
3
Electricity1
2
Natural Gas
1
District Heat
Fuel Oil2
0
1979
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1999
2003
By Census Region, 2003
4
Electricity¹
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil²
3.6
District Heat
Quadrillion Btu
3
2.1
2
1.5
1
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.2
Northeast
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.
2
60
Midwest
0.6
0.4
0.2
(s)
0
1
0.6
0.5
0.2
(s)
South
0.2
(s)
West
Q
United States
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or
fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003
(Trillion Btu)
Square Footage Category
Energy Source
and Year
1,001 to
10,000
10,001 to
100,000
Over
100,000
Major Sources 2
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1,255
1,242
1,273
1,259
1,258
1,332
1,381
1,248
2,202
1,935
2,008
2,402
2,301
2,152
2,300
2,553
1,508
1,646
1,696
2,127
1,932
1,838
2,053
2,721
Electricity 5
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
429
469
654
572
586
618
698
685
872
903
927
1,145
991
1,064
1,235
1,405
Natural Gas
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
646
684
485
568
572
535
604
482
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
District Heat 7
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1
2
3
4
Census Region 1
Principal Building Activity
Food
Sales
Food
Service
Health
Care
Lodging
Mercantile
and Service
Office
All
Other
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
All
Buildings
511
480
633
704
637
614
649
820
(3)
(3)
147
139
137
137
201
251
336
414
247
255
307
332
447
427
469
463
456
449
403
561
515
594
278
362
299
425
463
461
450
510
894
812
985
1,048
892
973
1,145
1,333
861
1,018
1,008
1,230
1,247
1,019
1,089
1,134
1,616
1,274
1,202
1,538
1,404
1,225
1,237
1,455
1,217
858
1,037
1,354
1,090
1,035
1,116
1,396
1,826
1,821
1,585
1,659
1,578
1,497
1,509
1,799
1,395
1,462
1,459
1,648
1,825
1,684
1,961
2,265
526
682
896
1,126
998
1,106
1,147
1,063
4,965
4,823
4,977
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
608
758
809
1,056
1,033
926
1,164
1,469
163
152
179
217
235
221
257
371
(3)
(3)
99
105
113
119
165
208
171
212
121
113
138
166
216
217
129
147
132
154
138
211
232
248
119
151
120
138
189
187
196
235
361
426
536
550
444
508
659
883
424
509
641
781
704
676
767
719
543
532
563
715
649
521
606
679
425
324
430
586
419
436
543
587
593
673
584
609
622
558
662
799
662
801
867
975
1,002
1,027
1,247
1,542
227
331
510
604
566
587
645
631
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
996
809
715
836
1,017
830
803
909
532
597
523
670
586
580
616
709
214
246
254
323
291
245
227
268
(3)
(3)
45
27
24
18
31
39
145
188
114
128
157
158
216
203
221
218
205
186
189
258
217
243
115
170
105
187
193
213
181
215
422
327
332
417
381
395
446
403
272
365
258
238
388
239
219
269
784
576
409
566
552
420
486
460
443
278
244
353
354
297
299
462
1,007
978
742
831
747
750
709
751
470
523
426
498
697
528
618
527
255
311
311
391
376
371
396
360
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
177
85
114
101
86
71
29
71
272
140
206
170
111
104
73
74
231
90
121
86
75
60
60
83
107
61
103
71
62
57
48
47
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
15
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
97
28
Q
17
21
21
19
11
20
18
20
10
16
Q
Q
35
103
43
105
76
55
49
18
41
107
75
39
43
47
28
29
18
232
79
130
122
67
70
65
68
285
172
270
237
194
168
138
181
133
28
63
61
26
16
5
24
237
104
86
50
48
45
29
15
26
Q
23
Q
Q
7
8
9
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
Q
Q
Q
19
Q
Q
Q
Q
61
83
159
252
182
154
158
165
136
202
243
315
238
271
213
460
27
21
97
Q
49
91
117
134
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
22
70
80
92
55
70
46
Q
24
22
Q
Q
65
57
68
Q
Q
Q
12
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
58
68
71
167
109
75
74
128
57
87
99
134
135
214
126
247
64
84
94
179
123
135
136
166
93
141
196
159
183
173
132
225
Q
34
81
126
78
83
67
182
Q
30
51
121
51
Q
98
Q
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
Education
See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Included in "Food Service."
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
non-purchased steam and hot water.
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20
buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.
Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel Oil," and "District Heat," across all
buildings using any of those fuels.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.
Sources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Consumption Survey."
•
1983—EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
61
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Buildings by Energy Source Used
Consumption
5
Consumption per Square Foot
125
4
Electricity¹
Natural Gas
2
Fuel Oil²
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
0
1979
2003
60
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil²
Natural Gas
50
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
0
1979
2003
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
3
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
62
2003
1.2
Electricity¹
60
30
Fuel Oil²
District Heat
Natural Gas
Electricity¹
0.9
0
1979
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
District Heat
0.6
Natural Gas
0.3
0
1979
Fuel Oil²
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1
2
1999
1.5
Electricity¹
0
1979
Fuel Oil²
Expenditures Per Square Foot
Nominal Dollars²
Billion Nominal Dollars³
Thousand Square Feet
Fuel Oil²
90
District Heat
75
25
Expenditures
90
District Heat
Electricity¹
District Heat
District Heat
Square Footage per Building by
Energy Source Used
30
2
1
1
0
1979
Natural Gas
Thousand Btu
3
100
Electricity¹
3
Quadrillion Btu
Thousands of Buildings
4
Note: For years not shown, there are no data available.
Source: Table 2.10.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1999
2003
Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Building Characteristics
Energy Consumption
Energy Expenditures
Number of
Buildings
Total
Square Feet
Square Feet
per Building
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Employee
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Million Btu
Energy Source
and Year
Thousands
Millions
Thousands
Trillion Btu
Million Btu
Thousand Btu
Million Btu
Million
Nominal Dollars 1
Thousand
Nominal Dollars 1
Nominal
Dollars 1
Nominal
Dollars 1
Major Sources 2
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,073
3,185
4,154
4,528
4,806
4,579
4,657
4,859
43,546
49,471
58,199
63,184
67,876
58,772
67,338
71,658
14.2
15.5
14.0
14.0
14.1
12.8
14.5
14.7
5,008
4,856
5,040
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
1,630
1,525
1,213
1,278
1,142
1,162
1,231
1,342
115.0
98.2
86.6
91.6
80.9
90.5
85.1
91.0
85.0
65.7
68.6
81.9
77.1
69.3
70.0
(5)
33,821
55,764
60,762
70,826
71,821
69,918
81,552
107,897
11.0
17.5
14.6
15.6
14.9
15.3
17.5
22.2
0.78
1.13
1.04
1.12
1.06
1.19
1.21
1.51
6.75
11.48
12.06
12.24
13.08
13.14
14.22
16.54
Electricity 4
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,001
3,052
3,965
4,294
4,611
4,343
4,395
4,617
43,153
48,327
56,508
61,563
66,525
57,076
65,716
70,181
14.4
15.8
14.3
14.3
14.4
13.1
15.0
15.2
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
636
697
603
646
566
600
706
771
44.2
44.1
42.3
45.0
39.2
45.7
47.1
50.7
32.4
28.9
32.7
39.3
36.6
34.1
37.9
(5)
23,751
39,279
47,186
55,943
57,619
56,621
66,424
82,783
7.9
12.9
11.9
13.0
12.5
13.0
15.1
17.9
.55
.81
.84
.91
.87
.99
1.01
1.18
12.45
18.45
19.74
20.17
22.09
21.71
21.44
23.26
Natural Gas
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
1,864
1,904
2,214
2,420
2,657
2,478
2,670
2,538
30,477
33,935
37,263
41,143
44,994
38,145
45,525
48,473
16.4
17.8
16.8
17.0
16.9
15.4
17.1
19.1
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
1,167
1,098
778
857
818
785
758
828
71.3
61.6
46.2
50.4
48.3
51.0
44.4
43.3
52.5
40.6
35.2
43.2
42.5
38.7
36.0
(5)
5,814
11,443
8,355
9,204
9,901
9,018
10,609
16,010
3.1
6.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.0
6.3
.19
.34
.22
.22
.22
.24
.23
.33
2.67
5.47
4.85
4.44
4.55
4.63
5.24
7.62
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
641
441
534
581
560
607
434
465
11,397
9,409
11,005
12,600
13,215
14,421
13,285
16,265
17.8
21.3
20.6
21.7
23.6
23.7
30.6
35.0
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
1,063
714
827
614
487
387
412
490
59.7
33.4
40.1
28.3
20.6
16.3
13.5
14.0
40.5
19.8
27.7
21.0
15.1
10.2
9.1
(5)
2,765
2,102
2,059
1,822
1,400
1,175
956
1,826
4.3
4.8
3.9
3.1
2.5
1.9
2.2
3.9
.24
.22
.19
.14
.11
.08
.07
.11
4.06
6.68
4.66
5.11
5.14
5.00
5.35
8.01
District Heat 7
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
47
64
77
98
95
110
117
67
3,722
4,643
4,625
6,578
5,245
5,658
5,891
5,576
79.0
72.9
59.7
67.0
55.4
51.5
50.2
83.0
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
4,267
4,530
5,446
5,964
4,596
4,849
3,692
9,470
54.0
62.1
91.2
89.0
82.9
94.1
73.6
114.0
26.5
34.4
52.4
56.5
60.9
51.2
50.1
(5)
1,267
2,627
2,620
3,857
2,901
3,103
3,564
7,279
26.9
41.2
33.8
39.3
30.7
28.3
30.4
108.4
.34
.57
.57
.59
.55
.55
.60
1.31
6.30
9.10
6.21
6.59
6.67
5.83
8.23
11.45
1
2
3
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
non-purchased steam and hot water.
Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.
Sources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Consumption Survey."
•
1983—EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
63
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003
By End Use
1,500
1,340
Trillion Btu
1,000
481
500
436
418
381
167
156
88
69
24
0
Lighting
Cooling
Ventilation
Refrigeration
Space
Computers
Heating
Water
Office
Heating
Equipment
Cooking
Other¹
By Principal Building Activity
800
Trillion Btu (Cumulative)
733
719
All Other Building Activities
Cooling
Lighting
600
400
371
248
244
235
267
217
208
200
167
149
Public
Service
0
Mercantile
Office
Education
Health Care
Warehouse
Lodging
Food Service
Food Sales
1
Examples of “other” include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,
hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign
motors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,
fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.
64
Other²
Assembly
and Storage
2
Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and buildings that do not fit into any of
the other named categories.
Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy
losses.
Source: Table 2.11.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003
(Trillion Btu)
End Use
Space
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Water
Heating
Lighting
Cooking
Refrigeration
Office
Equipment
Computers
Other 1
Total
All Buildings ....................................
167
481
436
88
1,340
24
381
69
156
418
3,559
Principal Building Activity
Education ......................................
Food Sales ...................................
Food Service ................................
Health Care ..................................
Inpatient .....................................
Outpatient ..................................
Lodging .........................................
Mercantile .....................................
Retail (Other Than Mall) ............
Enclosed and Strip Malls ...........
Office ............................................
Public Assembly ...........................
Public Order and Safety ...............
Religious Worship .........................
Service ..........................................
Warehouse and Storage ...............
Other 2 ..........................................
Vacant ..........................................
15
6
10
6
3
3
14
58
6
52
33
5
2
3
6
5
2
1
74
12
28
34
25
9
24
109
25
84
101
35
8
11
15
13
16
2
83
7
24
42
38
4
14
68
16
51
63
63
10
5
24
20
11
1
11
Q
10
2
2
(s)
12
38
2
36
7
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
2
Q
Q
113
46
42
105
76
28
124
308
111
197
281
27
18
17
63
132
59
4
2
2
13
1
1
(s)
2
2
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
Q
Q
Q
Q
16
119
70
8
4
4
12
49
22
27
35
9
3
6
9
36
10
(s)
4
2
2
4
2
2
Q
8
3
5
32
Q
1
(s)
1
2
Q
Q
32
2
2
10
7
3
6
11
4
8
74
3
2
1
3
5
5
(s)
21
10
15
36
21
15
24
83
22
61
91
23
10
18
28
30
22
7
371
208
217
248
178
69
235
733
211
523
719
167
57
62
149
244
133
15
1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,
and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,
and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vending
machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,
radios, projectors, and door operators.
2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater
than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
Notes: • Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy losses.
• One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.
Source: Energy Information Administration, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey 2003,"
Table E3A.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
65
Energy Consumption by Sector
Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are
calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric
power sector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retail
sales—see Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electric
power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into
mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically
necessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output
66
losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric,
solar, and wind energy sources, since there is no generally accepted practice for
measuring those thermal conversion rates. In addition to conversion losses,
other losses include power plant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of
electricity from power plants to end-use consumers (also called "line losses"), and
unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in
proportion to each sector's share of total electricity sales. Overall, about two
thirds of total energy input is lost in conversion. Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
3
Financial Indicators
Figure 3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices
Prices, 1949-2008
Chained (2000) Dollars¹ per Million Btu
14
12
10
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil
8
Fossil Fuel Composite
6
4
2
Coal
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Fossil Fuel Composite Price2, Change From Previous Year, 1950-2008
60
40
Percent
20
0
-20
-40
-60
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1.
“Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
68
See
2
Based on real prices.
Source: Table 3.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Dollars per Million Btu)
Coal 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Natural Gas 2
Crude Oil 3
Fossil Fuel Composite 4
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percent
Change 7
0.21
.21
.19
.19
.18
.27
.30
.33
.37
.69
.85
.86
.88
.98
1.06
1.10
1.18
1.23
1.18
1.16
1.15
1.09
1.05
1.01
1.00
1.00
.99
.97
.93
.91
.88
.87
.85
.83
.79
.80
.84
.87
.87
.98
1.16
1.24
R1.29
1.61
1.29
1.25
.99
.92
.82
.97
1.05
1.09
1.15
1.98
2.22
2.13
2.07
2.15
2.14
2.04
2.00
1.95
1.81
1.72
1.65
1.52
1.44
1.34
1.28
1.22
1.17
1.12
1.05
1.01
.96
.92
.89
.86
.81
.80
.82
.84
.82
.89
1.03
1.06
R1.08
1.32
0.05
.06
.09
.13
.15
.15
.16
.17
.20
.27
.40
.53
.72
.84
1.08
1.45
1.80
2.22
2.32
2.40
2.26
1.75
1.50
1.52
1.53
1.55
1.48
1.57
1.84
1.67
1.40
1.96
2.10
1.77
1.98
3.32
3.62
2.67
4.41
4.94
6.63
R5.79
R5.77
7.31
0.33
.38
.48
.60
.65
.56
.56
.57
.63
.79
1.06
1.32
1.69
1.83
2.18
2.68
3.04
3.54
3.56
3.55
3.24
2.45
2.05
2.01
1.94
1.90
1.75
1.82
2.09
1.86
1.52
2.09
2.20
1.83
2.02
3.32
3.54
2.56
4.15
4.51
5.87
R4.97
R4.82
5.97
0.44
.43
.48
.50
.49
.55
.58
.58
.67
1.18
1.32
1.41
1.48
1.55
2.18
3.72
5.48
4.92
4.52
4.46
4.15
2.16
2.66
2.17
2.73
3.45
2.85
2.76
2.46
2.27
2.52
3.18
2.97
1.87
2.68
4.61
3.77
3.88
4.75
6.34
8.67
10.29
11.47
16.21
2.68
2.62
2.55
2.36
2.19
1.99
2.02
1.94
2.11
3.41
3.48
3.51
3.46
3.39
4.40
6.89
9.27
7.84
6.93
6.60
5.96
3.03
3.63
2.87
3.48
4.23
3.38
3.19
2.78
2.52
2.74
3.39
3.11
1.94
2.74
4.61
3.68
3.73
4.47
5.79
7.67
R8.82
R9.57
13.24
0.26
.26
.27
.28
.28
.32
.34
.35
.40
.68
.82
.90
1.01
1.12
1.42
2.04
2.75
2.76
2.70
2.65
2.51
1.65
1.70
1.53
1.67
1.84
1.67
1.66
1.67
1.53
1.47
1.82
1.81
1.41
1.65
2.60
2.53
2.21
3.09
3.61
4.73
4.73
4.99
6.58
1.60
1.54
1.45
1.35
1.23
1.15
1.18
1.16
1.25
1.95
2.16
2.24
2.36
2.44
2.86
3.78
4.64
4.40
4.14
3.91
3.60
2.32
2.32
2.03
2.13
2.26
1.98
1.92
1.89
1.69
1.60
1.94
1.89
1.46
1.69
2.60
2.47
2.12
2.91
3.30
4.19
R4.05
R4.16
5.38
––
-3.6
-3.7
-2.3
-1.5
.8
2.1
-1.4
7.7
55.8
10.9
3.8
5.1
3.4
17.3
32.1
22.9
-5.3
-5.8
-5.6
-7.8
-35.6
.1
-12.8
5.0
6.2
-12.5
-3.0
-1.5
-10.4
-5.5
21.3
-2.4
-22.8
15.4
54.2
-4.9
-14.2
37.1
13.4
R27.0
R-3.3
R2.7
29.2
1 Free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at the point of first sale,
excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.
2 Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See
"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary.
4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production of
each fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btu
content of total fossil fuel production.
5
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
7 Based on real values.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.
Sources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
6
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
69
Figure 3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production
Overview, 1949-2008
By Fuel, 1949-2008
450
175
350
Imports
300
Production
150
250
150
125
100
50
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Overview, 2008
600
488
Billion Nominal Dollars²
500
400
100
75
382
50
Natural
Gas
300
200
Coal
25
100
78
0
Production
Imports
0
Exports
1950
1
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
70
Crude Oil
Production
200
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
400
1960
2
1970
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.7, and 3.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1980
1990
2000
Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Dollars)
Coal 1
Year
Nominal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
2.52
2.91
2.30
2.10
2.40
3.88
4.01
4.65
5.14
9.65
12.67
13.40
13.91
14.65
18.55
20.45
21.75
22.84
20.32
22.94
22.27
21.18
21.20
20.97
21.40
22.39
21.40
20.98
18.77
20.06
19.45
19.68
19.77
19.75
18.30
18.02
19.60
19.68
19.13
22.16
26.69
29.25
R30.04
38.18
5
Natural Gas 2
6
Nominal
15.40
17.59
12.28
9.97
10.64
14.11
13.87
15.42
16.14
27.79
33.33
33.33
32.53
32.02
37.44
37.84
36.79
36.41
31.16
33.91
31.94
29.73
28.96
27.71
27.24
27.45
25.35
24.28
21.23
22.23
21.12
20.97
20.72
20.47
18.70
18.02
19.14
18.88
17.98
20.25
R23.61
R25.07
R25.07
31.19
0.33
.44
.94
1.79
2.57
3.73
4.05
4.28
4.98
6.48
8.85
11.57
15.82
18.18
24.16
32.09
39.51
45.71
43.73
48.69
43.35
32.71
29.11
30.28
30.58
31.80
30.39
32.56
38.72
36.46
30.24
42.99
46.09
39.12
43.37
74.33
82.28
58.66
97.47
106.57
138.74
R124.03
R127.52
173.14
Real
5
Crude Oil 3,4
6
Nominal
1.99
2.66
5.02
8.50
11.39
13.53
14.00
14.19
15.64
18.66
23.28
28.79
37.00
39.72
48.75
59.37
66.84
72.88
67.06
71.97
62.18
45.90
39.77
40.01
38.93
38.97
35.99
37.69
43.81
40.40
32.83
45.81
48.30
40.56
44.32
74.33
80.35
56.30
91.61
97.35
R122.74
R106.30
R106.43
141.43
4.68
4.95
6.88
7.42
8.15
11.19
11.71
11.71
13.07
22.00
23.45
24.37
25.79
28.60
39.45
67.93
99.40
90.03
83.05
84.10
78.88
39.63
46.93
37.48
44.07
53.77
44.77
41.97
35.61
32.07
35.00
43.68
40.57
24.80
33.40
56.93
46.25
47.21
57.14
72.93
95.03
111.16
R122.96
170.56
Real
1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at
the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in
Glossary.
2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices.
See "Natural Gas
Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
3 Includes lease condensate.
4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices.
See "Crude Oil Domestic First
Purchase Price" in Glossary.
Total
5
6
Nominal
28.61
29.97
36.72
35.24
36.15
40.62
40.50
38.83
41.05
63.36
61.70
60.64
60.32
62.51
79.63
125.70
168.13
143.53
127.36
124.31
113.16
55.63
64.12
49.51
56.10
65.91
53.02
48.58
40.29
35.53
38.00
46.54
42.52
25.71
34.13
56.93
45.16
45.31
53.71
66.62
R84.08
R95.27
R102.62
139.32
7.52
8.30
10.12
11.30
13.11
18.80
19.77
20.65
23.20
38.13
44.96
49.34
55.52
61.43
82.16
120.47
160.66
158.58
147.10
155.74
144.50
93.52
97.24
88.73
96.05
107.96
96.57
95.50
93.10
88.59
84.69
106.35
106.43
83.68
95.08
149.27
148.13
125.54
173.75
201.66
260.46
R264.44
R280.52
381.88
Real
5
Real 6
46.00
50.22
54.02
53.71
58.18
68.27
68.38
68.44
72.84
109.81
118.31
122.76
129.86
134.25
165.82
222.91
271.75
252.81
225.58
230.19
207.28
131.26
132.85
117.22
122.27
132.32
114.36
110.56
105.34
98.16
91.95
113.32
111.55
86.74
97.15
149.27
144.66
120.50
163.29
184.22
R230.43
R226.65
R234.13
311.94
5
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.
Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
6
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
71
Figure 3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source
Total Energy, 1970-2006
By Energy Type, 2006
21
30
26.15
18
Nominal Dollars¹ per Million Btu
Nominal Dollars¹ per Million Btu
$17.35 in 2006
15
12
9
6
3
25
20
17.89
15
9.62
10
5
3.18
1.78
0
1970
0.44
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Prices³ by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2006
Retail
Electricity
Biomass²
Coal
Nuclear
Fuel
Nominal Dollars¹ per Million Btu
24
16
Index: 1970=1.00
Natural
Gas
By Petroleum Product, 2006
20
12
8
Natural Gas
Petroleum
4
Petroleum
Coal
21
20.27
18.52
18
16.95
14.80
15
13.16
12
9
7.92
6
3
Nuclear Fuel
Biomass²
0
1970
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
3
Based on nominal dollars.
4
Liquefied petroleum gases.
2
72
1995
2000
2005
Motor
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
4
LPG
Jet Fuel
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
5
5
Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene,
lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Source: Table 3.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006
(Nominal Dollars 1 per Million Btu)
Primary Energy 2
Petroleum
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
Coal
Natural
Gas 3
Distillate
Fuel Oil
0.38
.42
.45
.48
.88
1.03
1.04
1.11
1.27
1.36
1.46
1.64
1.73
1.70
1.71
1.69
1.62
1.53
1.50
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.39
1.37
1.33
1.32
1.29
1.27
1.24
1.29
1.30
1.32
1.41
1.62
1.78
0.59
.63
.68
.73
.89
1.18
1.46
1.76
1.95
2.31
2.86
R3.42
R4.22
4.72
R4.74
4.61
4.07
3.77
R3.77
3.82
R3.81
3.74
3.83
4.10
R4.07
3.73
4.25
R4.52
4.13
R4.15
5.62
6.87
5.27
7.00
R7.94
R9.91
9.62
1.16
1.22
1.22
1.46
2.44
2.60
2.77
3.11
3.26
4.69
6.70
8.03
7.78
7.32
7.37
7.22
5.68
5.97
5.83
6.43
7.68
7.29
7.09
7.08
6.99
6.98
7.87
7.66
6.57
7.19
9.86
9.17
8.63
10.04
R12.21
R16.40
18.52
Jet
Fuel 4
0.73
.77
.79
.92
1.58
2.05
2.25
2.59
2.87
3.90
6.36
7.57
7.23
6.53
6.25
5.91
3.92
4.03
3.80
4.39
5.68
4.83
4.52
4.29
3.95
4.00
4.82
4.53
3.35
4.01
6.64
5.72
5.33
6.46
8.93
412.86
14.80
LPG 5
Motor
Gasoline 6
Residual
Fuel Oil
1.46
1.49
1.52
2.02
2.81
2.97
3.21
3.65
3.60
4.50
5.64
6.18
6.66
7.17
6.93
6.55
6.44
6.07
5.88
5.54
6.77
6.81
6.21
6.23
6.66
6.56
8.03
7.43
6.01
6.65
10.20
9.61
8.15
10.41
12.33
14.65
16.95
2.85
2.90
2.88
3.10
4.32
4.65
4.84
5.13
5.24
7.11
9.84
10.94
10.39
9.12
8.89
9.01
6.79
7.23
7.33
8.02
9.12
8.93
8.96
8.83
8.96
9.22
9.85
9.81
8.45
9.31
12.01
11.35
10.67
12.34
14.57
17.83
20.27
0.42
.58
.62
.75
1.82
1.93
1.90
2.14
2.08
2.83
3.88
4.91
4.65
4.50
4.75
4.30
2.37
2.86
2.35
2.72
3.17
2.62
2.28
2.26
2.32
2.46
2.80
2.93
2.15
2.51
4.32
3.99
3.91
4.75
4.92
6.65
7.92
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector.
Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Beginning in 2005, includes
kerosene-type jet fuel only.
5 Liquefied petroleum gases.
6 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
7 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,
petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum
products.
8 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2006, coal coke
imports averaged 6.31 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 3.19 dollars per million Btu.
10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. Also, in 1981-1992, includes ethanol
blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.
11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American
2
3
Other 7
1.38
1.45
1.49
1.58
2.60
2.94
3.08
3.27
3.45
4.70
7.04
8.67
7.87
7.60
7.67
7.55
5.80
5.63
5.26
5.50
5.82
5.74
5.52
5.50
5.47
5.74
6.19
5.88
5.04
5.30
6.97
6.36
6.54
7.55
8.48
R10.83
13.16
Total
1.72
1.79
1.78
1.97
3.06
3.35
3.47
3.73
3.84
5.23
7.40
8.68
8.40
7.77
7.68
7.63
5.73
6.04
5.91
6.43
7.47
7.20
7.07
7.01
7.06
7.29
8.02
7.86
6.64
7.33
9.91
9.32
8.82
10.31
R12.22
R15.50
17.89
Nuclear
Fuel
Biomass 8
Total 9,10
Electric
Power
Sector 11,12
0.18
.18
.18
.19
.20
.24
.25
.27
.30
.34
.43
.48
.54
.58
.67
.71
.70
.71
.73
.70
.67
.63
.59
.56
.56
.54
.51
.51
.50
.48
.46
.44
.43
.42
.42
.43
.44
1.29
1.31
1.33
1.39
1.50
1.50
1.53
1.58
1.61
1.88
2.26
2.52
2.60
2.44
2.53
2.47
2.12
2.07
2.09
1.42
1.32
1.39
1.32
1.28
1.39
1.40
1.25
1.15
1.27
1.34
1.58
R2.08
R2.19
R1.98
R2.17
R3.13
3.18
1.08
1.15
1.18
1.29
1.94
2.19
2.34
2.58
2.71
3.47
4.57
5.25
5.33
5.12
5.03
4.92
3.97
4.00
3.89
4.07
4.46
4.29
4.24
4.26
4.27
4.23
4.63
4.66
4.08
4.37
5.73
R5.83
R5.24
R6.26
7.36
R9.22
10.20
0.32
.38
.42
.47
.87
.97
1.03
1.17
1.27
1.50
1.77
2.04
2.05
2.02
2.02
R1.90
1.60
1.57
1.49
1.51
1.48
1.40
1.38
1.40
1.36
1.29
1.35
1.38
1.32
1.33
1.71
R1.85
R1.54
R1.84
R2.00
R2.61
2.48
Retail
Total
Electricity 13 Energy 9,10,14
4.98
5.30
5.54
5.86
7.42
8.61
9.13
10.11
10.92
11.78
13.95
16.14
18.16
18.62
18.50
19.05
19.05
18.74
18.68
18.98
19.32
19.84
20.06
20.38
20.33
20.29
20.16
20.13
19.80
19.52
20.03
21.41
21.15
21.85
22.38
23.92
26.15
1.65
1.76
1.84
2.02
2.87
3.33
3.57
3.98
4.23
5.21
R6.90
R8.04
R8.47
R8.40
R8.29
8.37
R7.31
7.34
R7.27
R7.56
8.25
R8.21
R8.14
R8.26
R8.31
R8.29
R8.76
8.80
8.20
R8.54
10.34
R10.74
R10.04
R11.38
R12.87
R15.52
17.35
Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and
heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric
utilities and independent power producers.
12 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear
fuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.
13 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,
other energy service providers.
14 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy and retail electricity in the four end-use
sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes energy in the electric power
sector.
R=Revised.
Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. • There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2006: Prices and Expenditures"
(November 2008), U.S. Table 1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
73
Figure 3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006
By Sector
Residential Sector by Major Sources
35
35
30
30
25
21.56
20.64
19.11
20
15
11.33
10
5
Nominal Dollars¹ per Million Btu
Nominal Dollars¹ per Million Btu
30.49
0
Commercial
Industrial
5
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
35
27.72
25
20
15.84
15
11.58
10
5
Nominal Dollars¹ per Million Btu
Nominal Dollars¹ per Million Btu
10
Industrial Sector by Major Sources
0
30
25
20
18.02
14.14
15
10
8.76
5
2.83
2.66
Coal
Biomass²
0
Retail
Electricity
74
13.36
Retail
Electricity
35
2
15
Transportation
Commercial Sector by Major Sources
1
19.89
20
0
Residential
30
25
Petroleum
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
Natural
Gas
Retail
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent prices paid by consumers. As such
they include taxes where data are available. • There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric,
geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
Source: Table 3.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006
(Nominal Dollars 1 per Million Btu)
Residential
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
Natural
Gas 2
1.06
1.12
1.18
1.26
1.42
1.67
1.94
2.30
2.52
2.92
3.60
R4.18
R5.04
5.88
5.95
5.94
R5.68
R5.40
R5.33
5.47
5.63
5.66
5.73
5.99
6.23
R5.90
R6.17
6.75
6.61
R6.51
7.64
R9.43
7.71
9.23
10.52
12.34
13.36
Retail
Petroleum Electricity 3
1.56
1.61
1.63
2.11
2.87
3.04
3.26
3.66
3.79
5.33
7.26
8.68
8.69
8.43
8.47
8.17
6.82
6.66
6.63
7.59
8.75
8.56
7.89
7.73
7.81
7.75
8.92
R8.91
7.88
R8.10
R11.53
11.65
R10.37
12.30
R13.83
17.29
19.89
6.51
6.80
7.09
7.44
9.09
10.29
10.93
11.87
12.63
13.60
15.71
18.17
20.11
21.04
20.96
21.66
21.75
21.82
21.92
22.41
22.96
23.57
24.06
24.40
24.57
24.63
24.50
24.71
24.21
23.93
24.14
25.16
24.75
25.56
26.22
27.68
30.49
Commercial
Total 4
2.10
2.24
2.37
2.72
3.38
3.81
4.13
4.77
5.13
6.00
R7.49
R8.86
R9.81
R10.69
R10.70
R10.94
R10.78
R10.74
R10.68
R11.04
R11.91
R12.11
R12.01
R12.31
R12.65
R12.65
R12.76
R13.32
R13.50
R13.21
R14.29
R15.70
R14.73
R15.87
R17.13
19.21
21.56
Natural
Gas 2
0.75
.80
.86
.91
1.05
1.32
1.61
2.00
2.20
2.69
R3.31
R3.90
4.70
R5.42
5.40
5.34
4.94
4.64
4.51
4.61
4.70
4.69
R4.74
5.08
5.35
4.94
5.26
5.67
5.38
5.22
R6.55
8.32
6.49
8.02
R9.23
R10.95
11.58
Retail
Petroleum 5 Electricity 3
0.90
1.01
1.04
1.20
2.25
2.39
2.49
2.84
2.92
4.15
5.64
7.00
6.65
6.51
6.49
6.38
4.32
4.65
4.38
4.99
5.95
5.44
5.23
5.00
4.89
4.97
6.01
5.92
4.88
5.35
8.09
7.64
6.96
8.38
9.89
R13.47
15.84
6.09
6.44
6.71
7.06
8.91
10.11
10.82
11.99
12.78
13.72
16.06
18.44
20.11
20.57
20.89
21.30
21.10
20.44
20.34
20.77
21.20
21.73
22.15
22.40
22.35
22.29
22.17
22.03
21.48
21.01
21.52
22.99
22.81
23.54
23.95
25.40
27.72
Industrial
Total 6
1.98
2.16
2.33
2.56
3.41
4.08
4.39
5.13
5.51
6.28
R7.87
R9.52
R10.40
R10.97
R11.12
R11.68
R11.25
R11.00
R10.85
R11.30
R11.92
R12.10
R12.20
R12.61
R12.77
R12.66
R12.80
R13.07
R13.09
R12.89
R13.95
R15.58
R14.70
R15.63
R16.61
R18.60
20.64
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
3 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,
other energy service providers.
4 Includes coal and wood, which are not separately displayed.
5 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
6 Includes coal, wood, and waste, which are not separately displayed.
7 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
8 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.
2
Coal
Natural
Gas 2
Petroleum 5
0.45
.50
.55
.63
1.22
1.50
1.50
1.56
1.73
1.75
1.87
2.06
2.09
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.80
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.69
1.67
1.69
1.63
1.62
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.58
1.58
1.55
1.63
1.75
1.74
1.99
2.56
2.83
0.38
.41
.46
.50
.67
.95
1.21
1.48
1.66
1.96
R2.51
3.07
3.80
4.10
R4.12
R3.86
R3.19
2.88
R2.89
2.93
2.95
2.80
2.91
3.12
R3.08
R2.79
3.30
3.53
3.16
R3.20
4.61
5.71
R4.36
6.03
7.08
9.07
8.76
0.98
1.05
1.05
1.18
2.24
2.46
2.57
2.84
2.96
3.99
5.75
6.84
6.51
6.57
6.56
6.29
4.92
4.96
4.62
4.69
5.48
5.31
5.00
4.93
5.04
5.20
6.04
5.68
4.54
5.07
7.50
6.75
6.43
7.78
9.32
11.85
14.14
Transportation
Retail
Biomass 7 Electricity 3
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.20
.99
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.15
1.21
1.01
1.01
1.24
1.38
1.43
R1.95
R2.11
R1.62
R1.79
R2.73
2.66
2.99
3.22
3.40
3.66
4.95
6.07
6.48
7.33
8.18
8.94
10.81
12.57
14.51
14.54
14.16
14.57
14.45
13.98
13.78
13.85
13.92
14.18
14.18
14.22
14.00
13.68
13.49
13.29
13.13
12.98
13.60
14.78
14.30
14.97
15.38
16.77
18.02
Total 8
0.84
.92
.99
1.10
1.78
2.20
2.43
2.78
3.03
3.63
4.71
5.52
R6.06
6.21
6.12
R6.04
5.36
5.17
5.00
4.92
5.23
R5.19
R5.14
5.16
5.15
R4.98
5.40
5.34
4.91
5.12
6.49
R6.87
R6.24
R7.39
R8.46
R10.36
11.33
Petroleum 5
2.31
2.37
2.38
2.57
3.70
4.02
4.20
4.47
4.59
6.19
8.60
9.83
9.42
8.44
8.25
8.26
6.21
6.57
6.56
7.17
8.27
7.98
7.91
7.87
7.91
8.08
8.76
8.69
7.47
8.23
10.78
10.21
9.63
11.20
13.36
R16.85
19.11
Total 9
2.31
2.37
2.38
2.57
3.70
4.02
4.21
4.48
4.59
6.19
8.61
9.84
9.43
8.45
8.26
8.27
6.22
6.59
6.57
7.18
8.28
7.99
7.93
7.88
7.92
8.09
8.77
8.70
7.48
8.23
10.79
10.21
9.63
11.21
13.37
R16.85
19.11
9 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.
Also, in
1981-1992, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum data for those
years.
R=Revised.
Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. • There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2006: Prices and Expenditures"
(November 2008), U.S. Tables 2-5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
75
Figure 3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source
Total Energy, 1970-2006
By Energy Type, 2006
1,200
800
$1,158 billion in 2006
700
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
900
600
300
681
600
500
400
324
300
190
200
100
0
1970
40
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Expenditures³ by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2006
Petroleum
Retail
Electricity
Natural
Gas
Coal
50
46
6
4
Biomass²
Nuclear
Fuel
By Petroleum Product, 2006
20
400
Natural
Gas
Index: 1970=1.00
16
12
Retail
Electricity
8
Coal
4
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
357
300
200
164
100
Petroleum
52
12
0
1970
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
3
Based on nominal dollars.
4
Liquefied petroleum gases.
2
76
1995
2000
2005
Motor
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
LPG
4
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
5
5
Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,
petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Source: Table 3.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006
(Million Nominal Dollars 1)
Primary Energy 2
Petroleum
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
Coal
4,630
4,902
5,415
6,243
11,118
13,021
14,051
15,416
17,551
20,376
22,607
26,159
26,349
26,987
29,025
29,678
27,855
27,532
28,333
28,284
28,602
28,129
27,776
28,229
27,715
27,431
28,028
28,277
27,888
27,310
28,080
28,202
28,511
29,402
R31,764
R36,932
40,004
Coal Coke
Net
Imports 3
-75
-40
-26
7
150
82
44
67
362
259
-78
-31
-52
-44
-22
-34
-40
7
116
137
22
44
126
96
214
234
156
170
188
140
146
82
180
169
1,125
633
509
Natural
Gas 4
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 5
10,891
12,065
13,198
13,933
16,380
20,061
25,097
29,602
33,185
40,785
R50,488
R59,785
R67,539
R71,231
R76,537
R72,255
R59,147
R57,575
R60,643
R65,736
R64,752
R65,474
R69,553
R76,490
R78,054
R74,544
R86,388
R92,857
R83,147
R84,485
R118,530
R138,742
R110,948
R143,952
R162,166
R199,605
189,640
6,253
6,890
7,552
9,524
15,217
15,680
18,402
22,004
23,587
32,854
40,797
48,200
44,087
41,846
44,668
43,972
35,113
37,729
38,776
43,159
49,335
45,269
45,019
45,732
47,002
47,533
56,455
R55,922
48,350
R54,565
R78,182
R74,920
R69,228
R83,768
R105,624
R143,523
164,123
1,441
1,582
1,682
2,001
3,208
4,193
4,567
5,517
6,205
8,603
13,923
15,607
14,974
13,979
15,097
14,747
10,505
11,448
11,318
13,434
17,784
14,609
13,559
13,002
12,474
12,525
15,770
15,000
11,239
13,878
23,777
19,602
17,802
21,096
30,219
544,679
50,007
LPG
6
2,446
2,531
2,889
3,933
5,273
5,231
5,993
6,824
6,621
9,383
10,926
11,900
12,925
14,083
14,143
13,579
12,726
12,887
12,806
12,187
13,715
14,976
14,213
14,018
16,361
16,306
21,208
19,905
15,388
19,184
29,879
25,734
23,148
R28,400
R34,662
R39,074
45,617
Motor
Gasoline 7
Residual
Fuel Oil
31,596
33,478
35,346
39,667
54,194
59,446
64,977
70,591
74,513
95,916
124,408
138,138
130,305
115,803
114,429
118,048
91,529
99,864
103,323
112,720
126,558
123,118
125,249
126,560
130,068
136,647
148,344
149,668
132,730
149,260
193,947
185,892
179,511
209,592
R253,218
R311,082
357,119
2,046
2,933
3,458
4,667
10,547
10,374
11,648
14,381
13,747
17,656
21,573
22,668
17,632
14,099
14,410
11,493
7,486
8,062
7,259
8,357
8,721
6,784
5,585
5,449
5,296
4,676
5,313
5,206
4,280
4,686
8,870
7,266
6,156
8,325
9,717
13,951
12,426
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector.
Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"
and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive from
Bureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, FT600 series.
4 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
5 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Beginning in 2005, includes
kerosene-type jet fuel only.
6 Liquefied petroleum gases.
7 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum
coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
9 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. Also, in 1981-1992, includes ethanol
blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.
11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry
2
3
Other
8
4,172
4,449
4,777
5,318
8,284
8,493
9,925
11,790
13,348
18,785
26,049
28,571
22,447
21,573
22,646
22,088
17,647
17,687
16,779
17,060
19,255
18,231
18,363
18,318
18,701
19,218
21,086
21,578
19,912
21,221
26,208
22,911
23,996
27,786
34,911
R43,552
52,152
Total
47,955
51,864
55,702
65,109
96,723
103,416
115,513
131,106
138,021
183,197
237,676
265,084
242,372
221,382
225,392
223,928
175,005
187,677
190,260
206,917
235,368
222,987
221,988
223,079
229,901
236,905
268,176
R267,279
231,898
R262,793
R360,864
R336,325
R319,841
378,967
R468,351
R595,862
681,443
Nuclear
Fuel
Biomass
44
73
104
177
259
448
520
743
915
941
1,189
1,436
1,684
1,859
2,384
2,878
3,061
3,378
4,057
3,939
4,104
4,073
3,802
3,597
3,777
3,810
3,624
3,369
3,555
3,643
3,628
3,524
3,504
3,362
3,445
R3,469
3,637
438
446
476
502
544
534
622
694
782
964
R1,232
1,429
1,510
1,517
1,608
1,597
1,352
1,300
1,378
2,270
1,997
2,165
2,194
2,193
2,521
2,938
2,668
R2,425
2,477
R2,659
R3,194
R3,494
R4,005
R3,599
R3,692
R6,022
6,247
9
Total
10
63,923
69,360
74,947
86,106
125,341
137,712
156,003
177,952
191,196
246,963
R313,705
R354,937
R340,645
R324,484
R336,616
R332,238
R268,078
R279,569
R286,470
R308,647
R335,949
R324,062
R326,811
R334,391
R343,197
R346,769
R389,985
R395,363
R350,214
R382,309
R517,223
R513,058
R468,113
R560,821
R672,159
R845,035
924,002
Electric
Power
Sector 11,12
Retail
Electricity 13
-4,357
-5,491
-6,551
-7,952
-14,558
-16,545
-19,078
-23,715
-26,125
-31,472
R-38,010
R-44,252
R-42,336
R-42,546
R-44,669
R-43,953
R-37,009
R-38,172
R-38,544
R-40,819
R-40,609
R-38,735
R-38,648
R-40,298
R-40,336
R-39,058
R-41,635
R-42,929
R-43,291
R-44,670
R-60,026
R-64,644
R-54,215
R-64,669
R-71,699
R-95,927
-90,058
23,345
26,202
29,712
33,774
42,586
50,680
56,972
66,225
74,159
82,051
98,095
116,455
127,393
134,731
142,420
149,233
151,793
154,685
162,063
169,332
176,691
184,767
186,906
196,532
200,831
205,876
211,105
213,843
218,361
218,413
231,577
245,483
247,598
257,995
268,136
295,789
323,965
Total
Energy 10,14
82,911
90,071
98,108
111,928
153,370
171,846
193,897
220,461
239,230
297,543
R373,790
R427,140
R425,703
R416,670
R434,367
R437,517
R382,861
R396,082
R409,989
R437,160
R472,030
R470,095
R475,069
R490,624
R503,693
R513,587
R559,455
R566,277
R525,285
R556,052
R688,774
R693,897
R661,496
R754,147
R868,595
R1,044,898
1,157,910
Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
12 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear fuel, wood, waste,
and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will sum to the "Total Energy" column.
13 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
1996, other energy service providers.
14 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by the four end-use sectors (residential,
commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures for energy by the electric power sector.
R=Revised.
Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are available. • There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not equal the sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2006: Prices and Expenditures"
(November 2008), U.S. Table 1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
77
Figure 3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006
By Sector
Residential Sector by Major Sources²
150
600
141
538
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
500
400
300
227
226
200
167
100
60
50
25
100
0
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Retail Electricity
125
150
100
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
106
123
100
75
50
34
75
60
52
50
25
25
10
0
Natural
Gas
Petroleum
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Expenditures for coal and wood are not displayed.
Expenditures for coal, wood, and waste are not displayed.
4
Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.
5
Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
2
3
78
5
3
Coal
Biomass
0
Retail
Electricity
1
Petroleum
Industrial Sector by Major Sources4
Commercial Sector by Major Sources³
125
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Retail
Electricity
Natural
Gas
5
Notes: • Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation sector expenditures. • There are no
direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not equal
the sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Table 3.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006
(Million Nominal Dollars 1)
Residential
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
Natural
Gas 2
5,272
5,702
6,223
6,282
6,949
8,410
9,992
11,324
12,565
14,772
R17,217
R19,138
R23,612
R26,188
R27,567
R26,817
R24,878
R23,720
R25,127
R26,731
R25,205
R26,290
R27,370
R30,287
R30,805
R29,155
R32,996
R34,367
R30,675
R31,374
R38,727
R45,929
R38,326
R48,058
R52,058
R60,942
59,647
Retail
Petroleum Electricity 3
4,286
4,466
4,731
5,957
7,392
7,582
8,857
9,872
9,926
11,276
12,695
13,394
12,526
11,486
12,433
12,894
10,613
10,875
11,204
12,739
12,308
11,916
11,264
11,200
11,089
10,715
13,278
R12,725
10,352
R11,934
R18,025
R17,920
R15,165
R18,924
R21,304
25,150
24,590
10,352
11,589
13,034
14,712
17,924
20,644
22,621
26,132
29,069
31,683
38,458
44,780
50,045
53,918
55,777
58,672
60,776
63,318
66,793
69,243
72,378
76,828
76,848
82,814
84,552
87,610
90,503
90,704
93,360
93,482
98,209
103,158
106,834
111,249
115,577
128,393
140,582
Commercial
Total 4
Natural
Gas 2
20,213
22,033
24,203
27,137
32,563
36,932
41,785
47,694
51,949
58,267
R69,138
R78,265
R87,244
R92,572
R96,864
R99,453
R97,084
R98,645
R103,898
R109,550
R110,863
R115,995
R116,402
R125,104
R127,172
R128,181
R137,600
R138,465
R134,902
R137,346
R155,829
R167,733
R160,994
R179,069
R189,913
R215,879
226,272
1,844
2,060
2,289
2,421
2,741
3,385
4,379
5,094
5,812
7,623
R8,722
R9,905
R12,376
R13,422
R13,847
R13,187
R11,618
R11,477
R12,251
R12,775
R12,536
R13,041
R13,544
R14,819
R15,789
R15,254
R16,965
R18,619
R16,550
R16,234
R21,195
R25,717
R20,817
R26,270
R29,376
R33,662
33,575
Retail
Petroleum 5 Electricity 3
1,391
1,523
1,599
1,881
3,205
3,133
3,638
4,297
4,230
5,534
7,267
7,628
6,706
7,392
8,121
6,671
4,869
5,078
4,655
4,998
5,669
4,871
4,469
3,903
3,847
3,638
4,518
4,168
3,222
3,540
6,121
5,666
4,741
6,464
7,442
9,724
9,845
7,319
8,301
9,443
10,707
13,373
16,157
18,148
21,023
23,166
25,433
30,611
37,484
41,759
43,529
47,304
50,092
51,449
51,900
54,411
57,460
60,627
63,407
64,233
67,626
69,637
72,481
74,121
77,153
78,999
79,141
85,129
93,402
93,763
96,263
100,546
110,522
122,914
Industrial
Total 6
10,628
11,970
13,410
15,094
19,494
22,869
26,345
30,611
33,443
38,819
R46,796
R55,283
R61,155
R64,647
R69,602
R70,219
R68,188
R68,676
R71,548
R75,483
R79,143
R81,610
R82,540
R86,642
R89,556
R91,658
R95,912
R100,260
R99,022
R99,173
R112,725
R125,069
R119,609
R129,317
R137,762
R154,390
166,758
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
3 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
1996, other energy service providers.
4 Includes coal and wood, which are not separately displayed.
5 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
6 Includes coal, wood, and waste, which are not separately displayed.
7 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.
8 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.
9 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.
Also, in
2
Coal
Natural
Gas 2
2,082
1,971
2,212
2,527
4,704
5,498
5,448
5,360
5,722
6,247
5,888
6,441
5,301
4,735
5,420
5,252
4,745
4,448
4,744
4,650
4,636
4,332
4,245
4,060
4,060
4,068
3,943
3,887
3,566
3,457
3,507
3,572
3,526
3,552
4,064
5,004
5,405
2,625
3,019
3,335
3,936
4,971
5,844
7,484
8,958
10,114
12,110
R16,210
R20,239
R20,333
R21,268
R23,619
R21,448
R16,352
R15,805
R17,150
R18,671
R19,218
R18,800
R20,405
R22,217
R22,406
R21,362
R26,031
R28,263
R24,378
R23,942
R34,464
R38,401
R30,899
R41,008
R47,157
R55,027
52,001
Transportation
Retail
Petroleum 5 Biomass 7 Electricity 3
6,069
6,663
7,180
8,600
15,408
15,544
18,384
22,190
23,203
33,705
42,765
47,171
41,841
38,437
41,563
38,876
30,567
31,092
29,123
28,561
34,132
32,511
32,225
31,550
33,626
34,170
40,796
39,833
32,220
36,937
53,509
46,983
45,505
53,953
70,718
R87,658
105,700
366
374
404
425
421
386
443
464
511
512
529
558
540
610
622
619
639
636
662
1,323
906
1,034
1,079
1,146
1,279
1,699
1,432
1,435
1,600
1,786
1,888
R2,216
R2,592
R1,935
R1,919
R3,451
3,493
5,624
6,256
7,173
8,284
11,184
13,760
16,083
18,956
21,798
24,797
28,863
34,007
35,364
37,017
39,050
40,190
39,271
39,109
40,507
42,255
43,358
44,201
45,474
45,726
46,257
45,402
46,102
45,610
45,634
45,429
47,859
48,519
46,606
49,962
51,491
56,229
59,764
Total 8
16,691
18,244
20,278
23,779
36,837
41,113
47,887
55,996
61,710
77,630
R94,176
R108,388
R103,332
R102,027
R110,258
R106,361
R91,542
R91,107
R92,312
R95,606
R102,281
R100,934
R103,569
R104,795
R107,842
R106,934
R118,460
R119,199
R107,586
R111,691
R141,374
R139,772
R129,308
R150,579
R176,473
R208,003
226,871
Petroleum 5
35,327
37,766
40,154
45,846
64,368
70,813
77,759
86,047
92,003
122,688
163,517
184,946
173,553
156,841
156,979
160,745
125,353
136,807
141,382
155,591
178,852
170,589
171,482
173,704
178,724
186,411
207,078
207,940
183,368
207,433
278,398
260,813
251,107
R294,537
R363,762
R465,766
537,058
Total 9
35,379
37,824
40,218
45,918
64,476
70,933
77,880
86,160
92,128
122,826
163,680
R185,204
R173,972
R157,423
R157,643
R161,484
R126,047
R137,654
R142,231
R156,521
R179,743
R171,556
R172,558
174,082
179,123
186,813
207,483
208,353
183,775
207,843
278,846
261,323
251,585
R295,182
R364,448
R466,626
538,008
1981-1992, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum data for those
years.
R=Revised.
Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are available. • There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not equal the sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2006: Prices and Expenditures"
(November 2008), U.S. Tables 2-5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
79
Figure 3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports
Total, 1949-2008
By Fuel, 1949-2008
350
400
300
300
200
250
100
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
500
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Fuel, 2008
400
Billion Nominal Dollars²
354
200
150
Crude Oil
300
100
200
50
96
100
Petroleum
Products
34
Crude
Oil
Petroleum
Products
Natural
Gas
0
Coal and
Coal Coke
1
Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1.
“Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
2
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
80
Other³
4
0
1950
See
1960
3
Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.
Source: Table 3.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Coal Coke
Nominal 3
Real 4
Nominal 3
Real 4
Nominal 3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.06
.02
.02
.04
.07
.05
.03
.03
.02
.04
.05
.07
.08
.06
.06
.10
.09
.11
.13
.25
.27
.32
.27
.26
.28
.28
.38
.67
.60
.79
1.02
1.42
1.78
1.73
P2.05
0.01
.02
.01
.01
.01
(s)
.01
(s)
.01
.17
.06
.04
.09
.16
.10
.06
.05
.04
.07
.07
.10
.11
.08
.08
.12
.11
.13
.15
.29
.30
.35
.29
.27
.29
.29
.38
.66
.58
.74
.94
1.26
1.53
1.45
P1.67
(s)
.01
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.01
(s)
.04
.19
.16
.11
.13
.41
.34
.05
.04
.01
(s)
.05
.04
.03
.05
.19
.22
.07
.09
.14
.17
.27
.33
.24
.25
.29
.23
.25
.19
.24
.24
1.23
.78
.64
.48
P1.68
0.02
.03
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.12
.56
.41
.28
.31
.89
.69
.10
.07
.01
(s)
.07
.06
.04
.08
.26
.28
.09
.11
.17
.19
.30
.35
.26
.27
.30
.23
.25
.19
.23
.22
1.13
.69
.55
.40
P1.37
0.00
.00
(s)
.03
.11
.26
.31
.31
.36
.53
1.15
1.66
2.00
2.06
3.13
4.21
4.41
4.69
4.39
3.44
3.05
1.82
1.93
2.38
2.51
2.97
3.24
3.96
4.77
4.90
4.23
5.79
6.50
6.21
8.03
14.94
17.62
12.61
20.39
24.74
35.25
28.80
R31.65
E34.45
Real 4
0.00
.00
.01
.13
.47
.94
1.08
1.04
1.14
1.53
3.03
4.13
4.68
4.50
6.31
7.80
7.46
7.48
6.73
5.08
4.37
2.56
2.64
3.14
3.19
3.64
3.83
4.58
5.40
5.43
4.59
6.17
6.81
6.44
8.21
14.94
17.21
12.10
19.16
22.60
R31.18
R24.69
R26.42
E28.14
Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral
fuels.
3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
4 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the
commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.
Notes: • Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50
States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.
Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, upublished data.
2
Crude Oil 1
Natural Gas
Nominal 3
0.30
.37
.65
.90
1.12
1.26
1.69
2.37
4.24
15.25
18.29
25.46
33.59
32.30
46.06
61.90
61.46
45.72
36.49
36.44
32.90
22.61
29.13
27.55
35.53
43.78
36.90
38.55
38.47
38.48
42.81
54.93
54.23
37.25
50.89
89.88
74.29
79.25
101.80
136.03
182.94
225.16
R245.77
P353.60
Real 4
1.86
2.23
3.49
4.25
4.97
4.58
5.84
7.85
13.31
43.92
48.13
63.33
78.57
70.59
92.96
114.54
103.96
72.89
55.96
53.87
47.20
31.73
39.80
36.39
45.23
53.66
43.70
44.63
43.53
42.63
46.48
58.53
56.83
38.61
52.00
89.88
72.55
76.07
95.67
124.27
R161.85
R192.98
R205.12
P288.84
Petroleum Products 2
Nominal 3
0.14
.21
.44
.73
.92
1.48
1.66
1.99
3.50
11.01
6.77
6.65
8.42
7.30
10.45
12.54
14.30
13.86
14.84
17.87
17.47
12.18
12.37
12.43
13.50
16.90
13.17
11.98
11.74
11.14
9.95
15.27
516.93
13.01
16.28
29.38
28.45
23.52
30.64
43.24
67.12
74.56
R81.85
P96.30
Real 4
0.84
1.30
2.36
3.48
4.10
5.38
5.73
6.59
10.98
31.71
17.81
16.55
19.69
15.96
21.09
23.21
24.18
22.10
22.76
26.41
25.05
17.10
16.89
16.43
17.18
20.72
15.60
13.87
13.28
12.35
10.80
16.27
517.74
13.49
16.64
29.38
27.79
22.57
28.79
39.50
R59.38
R63.90
R68.31
P78.67
Total
Nominal 3
0.45
.59
1.10
1.66
2.15
3.00
3.66
4.68
8.14
27.05
26.39
33.90
44.18
42.15
60.03
78.74
80.24
64.31
55.77
57.84
53.53
36.72
43.54
42.62
51.85
63.83
53.51
54.77
55.40
55.07
57.64
76.51
78.16
57.05
75.71
134.81
121.23
116.22
153.85
206.26
287.52
330.93
R361.48
P488.08
Real 4
2.74
3.58
5.88
7.88
9.55
10.91
12.67
15.51
25.56
77.89
69.44
84.33
103.34
92.11
121.15
145.69
135.73
102.53
85.52
85.49
76.79
51.53
59.48
56.30
66.00
78.23
63.37
63.40
62.68
61.01
62.58
81.52
81.91
59.13
77.36
134.81
118.39
111.55
144.59
188.43
R254.37
R283.63
R301.70
P398.68
Natural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption,
FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT125.
• 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption and General Imports, FT246. • 1972
and 1973—Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports and Exports
of LNG. • 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,
annual reports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports and Exports of
Natural Gas, annual reports. • 1982-2006—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly reports.
• 2007—EIA, NGM (March 2009), Table 4. • 2008—EIA estimate. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
•
1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT110.
•
1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT125.
• 1964-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption, FT135. • 1989 forward—Bureau of
the Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of
Goods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
81
Figure 3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports
Total, 1949-2008
By Fuel, 1949-2008
60
60
50
50
40
30
Petroleum
Products
20
40
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
70
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Fuel, 2008
70
Billion Nominal Dollars²
60
59
30
20
50
40
30
10
Coal
20
9
10
8
3
Other3
0
Petroleum
Products
Natural
Gas
Coal
Crude Oil
and
Coal Coke
1
Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1.
“Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
2
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
82
0
1950
See
1960
3
1970
Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke.
Source: Table 3.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1980
1990
2000
Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Nominal
0.30
.27
.48
.35
.48
.96
.90
.98
1.01
2.44
3.26
2.91
2.66
2.05
3.40
4.63
5.92
5.99
4.06
4.13
4.47
3.93
3.40
4.01
4.29
4.51
4.62
4.24
3.09
2.85
3.57
3.69
3.39
3.04
2.13
2.04
1.80
1.60
1.55
2.60
3.35
3.52
4.16
P7.96
2
Coal Coke
Real
1.82
1.63
2.59
1.68
2.12
3.49
3.12
3.26
3.18
7.02
8.58
7.24
6.21
4.48
6.86
8.56
10.01
9.55
6.22
6.11
6.41
5.52
4.65
5.30
5.46
5.53
5.47
4.91
3.49
3.16
3.87
3.93
3.55
3.15
2.18
2.04
1.76
1.54
1.45
2.37
R2.96
3.02
3.47
P6.50
3
Nominal
0.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.08
.04
.03
.03
.04
.07
.07
.07
.05
.08
.13
.07
.06
.05
.07
.08
.07
.05
.08
.08
.05
.05
.04
.06
.04
.05
.06
.05
.04
.03
.05
.11
.06
.07
.11
.15
.13
.13
P.21
2
Natural Gas
Real
0.05
.04
.04
.03
.07
.29
.16
.10
.10
.13
.20
.17
.17
.11
.16
.24
.13
.10
.07
.10
.11
.09
.07
.10
.10
.06
.06
.05
.07
.04
.05
.07
.06
.05
.03
.05
.11
.06
.07
.10
.13
.11
.11
P.17
3
Nominal
(s)
(s)
.01
(s)
.01
.03
.04
.04
.04
.05
.09
.10
.11
.11
.13
.23
.35
.30
.28
.27
.26
.17
.17
.20
.27
.27
.33
.49
.36
.40
.37
.46
.47
.39
.43
1.00
1.56
1.76
3.77
5.20
5.53
4.94
R5.69
E8.55
2
Real
Petroleum Products 1
Crude Oil
3
0.01
.02
.03
.02
.03
.11
.13
.13
.13
.16
.24
.25
.25
.24
.26
.42
.59
.48
.43
.40
.38
.24
.23
.27
.34
.32
.40
.56
.41
.45
.40
.49
.50
.40
.44
1.00
1.53
1.69
3.54
4.75
4.89
4.24
R4.75
E6.98
1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral
fuels.
2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the
commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.
Notes: • Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the
50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum
of components due to independent rounding.
Nominal
0.10
.10
.04
.01
(s)
.02
.01
(s)
(s)
.01
(s)
.03
.21
.39
.39
.75
.58
.47
.22
.19
.23
.12
.13
.08
.21
.14
.03
.03
.02
.05
.01
.56
1.04
.90
.77
.46
.19
.09
.16
.28
.60
.85
R1.02
P2.30
2
Real
0.60
.62
.21
.04
.02
.07
.02
.01
.01
.04
(s)
.07
.49
.85
.80
1.39
.98
.75
.34
.27
.32
.16
.17
.10
.26
.17
.04
.04
.02
.05
.01
.60
1.09
.93
.79
.46
.18
.09
.15
.25
.53
.73
R.85
P1.88
3
Nominal
0.46
.39
.60
.47
.44
.50
.50
.49
.57
.87
1.01
1.07
1.14
1.23
1.58
2.12
3.24
5.86
4.88
4.62
4.90
3.77
3.80
2.72
2.65
4.23
4.65
4.27
4.15
3.36
3.56
4.25
47.55
5.68
6.35
9.73
8.68
8.65
10.05
12.85
18.56
27.32
R32.28
P59.27
2
Real
2.82
2.39
3.20
2.22
1.95
1.82
1.74
1.62
1.80
2.51
2.65
2.66
2.66
2.69
3.20
3.92
5.48
9.34
7.48
6.82
7.02
5.29
5.19
3.60
3.38
5.19
5.51
4.94
4.69
3.72
3.87
4.53
47.91
5.89
6.48
9.73
8.48
8.30
9.45
11.74
16.42
R23.41
R26.94
P48.42
3
Total
Nominal
0.87
.78
1.14
.84
.95
1.59
1.49
1.55
1.66
3.42
4.43
4.17
4.18
3.83
5.58
7.86
10.16
12.68
9.48
9.27
9.93
8.05
7.54
7.09
7.49
9.20
9.69
9.07
7.68
6.71
7.55
9.02
12.51
10.04
9.71
13.28
12.34
12.17
15.59
21.04
28.18
36.77
R43.27
P78.29
2
Real 3
5.30
4.69
6.07
3.99
4.19
5.78
5.16
5.12
5.22
9.85
11.66
10.39
9.78
8.38
11.27
14.54
17.18
20.22
14.54
13.71
14.24
11.30
10.30
9.37
9.54
11.27
11.48
10.50
8.69
7.43
8.20
9.61
13.11
10.41
9.92
13.28
12.05
11.68
14.65
19.22
R24.93
R31.51
R36.12
P63.95
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.
Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data.
Natural Gas: • 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. • 1972 and 1973—Federal
Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports and Exports of LNG.
• 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas, annual
reports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,
annual reports. • 1982-2006—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly reports. • 2007—EIA, NGM
(March 2009), Table 4.
•
2008—EIA estimate.
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
• 1949-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. • 1989 forward—Bureau of the Census,
Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of Goods by
Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
83
Figure 3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2008
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports
400
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2000
2005
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel
Billion Chained (2000) Dollars¹
350
300
250
200
150
Crude Oil and
Petroleum Products
100
50
Natural Gas
0
Coal²
-50
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1.
“Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
2
Includes small amounts of coal coke.
84
See
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: Negative imports indicate that the value of exports is greater than the value of imports.
Source: Table 3.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Nominal
-0.29
-.27
-.48
-.35
-.48
-.96
-.90
-.98
-1.01
-2.38
-3.24
-2.89
-2.62
-1.98
-3.35
-4.60
-5.89
-5.97
-4.01
-4.09
-4.39
-3.85
-3.35
-3.95
-4.19
-4.42
-4.51
-4.11
-2.83
-2.58
-3.24
-3.41
-3.13
-2.75
-1.85
-1.66
-1.13
-1.00
-.76
-1.57
-1.93
-1.74
-2.42
P-5.92
2
Coal Coke
Real
-1.80
-1.61
-2.57
-1.67
-2.11
-3.49
-3.11
-3.26
-3.18
-6.85
-8.52
-7.20
-6.12
-4.32
-6.75
-8.51
-9.96
-9.52
-6.16
-6.04
-6.30
-5.40
-4.58
-5.22
-5.33
-5.41
-5.34
-4.76
-3.21
-2.86
-3.52
-3.64
-3.28
-2.86
-1.90
-1.66
-1.10
-.96
-.71
-1.44
-1.71
-1.49
R-2.02
P-4.83
3
Nominal
(s)
(s)
-.01
-.01
-.01
-.08
-.04
-.03
.01
.15
.08
.04
.06
.36
.26
-.08
-.03
-.05
-.04
-.02
-.03
-.04
.01
.12
.14
.02
.04
.10
.11
.23
.27
.18
.20
.25
.20
.20
.08
.18
.17
1.12
.63
.51
.35
P1.47
2
Natural Gas
Real
-0.03
-.01
-.04
-.03
-.07
-.27
-.14
-.09
.02
.43
.22
.11
.14
.79
.52
-.14
-.05
-.08
-.07
-.03
-.05
-.06
.01
.15
.17
.03
.05
.11
.12
.26
.30
.19
.21
.26
.20
.20
.08
.17
.16
1.03
.56
.44
.29
P1.20
3
Nominal
(s)
(s)
-.01
.02
.10
.23
.27
.28
.32
.48
1.06
1.56
1.89
1.95
3.00
3.98
4.06
4.39
4.11
3.17
2.79
1.65
1.76
2.18
2.24
2.71
2.90
3.47
4.41
4.50
3.86
5.33
6.02
5.82
7.61
13.94
16.05
10.85
16.62
19.54
29.72
23.86
R25.96
E25.90
2
Real
Petroleum Products 1
Crude Oil
3
-0.01
-.02
-.03
.12
.44
.83
.95
.91
1.01
1.37
2.79
3.88
4.43
4.26
6.05
7.37
6.87
7.00
6.30
4.68
4.00
2.32
2.41
2.88
2.85
3.32
3.43
4.02
4.99
4.98
4.19
5.68
6.31
6.03
7.77
13.94
15.68
10.41
15.62
17.85
R26.29
R20.45
R21.67
E21.16
1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral
fuels.
2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the
commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."
Nominal
0.21
.27
.62
.89
1.11
1.24
1.68
2.37
4.24
15.24
18.29
25.43
33.38
31.91
45.66
61.15
60.88
45.25
36.27
36.26
32.68
22.49
29.00
27.47
35.32
43.65
36.87
38.52
38.45
38.43
42.81
54.37
53.19
36.36
50.12
89.41
74.11
79.16
101.64
135.75
182.35
224.30
R244.76
P351.31
2
Real
3
1.26
1.61
3.29
4.22
4.95
4.51
5.82
7.85
13.31
43.89
48.13
63.26
78.08
69.73
92.16
113.15
102.98
72.15
55.62
53.59
46.87
31.57
39.63
36.29
44.97
53.50
43.66
44.59
43.50
42.58
46.48
57.93
55.74
37.69
51.21
89.41
72.37
75.98
95.52
124.02
R161.32
R192.24
R204.28
P286.96
Nominal
-0.32
-.18
-.16
.26
.48
.98
1.15
1.50
2.93
10.14
5.76
5.58
7.28
6.07
8.87
10.42
11.06
8.00
9.96
13.25
12.57
8.42
8.57
9.71
10.85
12.67
8.52
7.72
7.59
7.78
6.39
11.01
49.37
7.33
9.94
19.65
19.77
14.87
20.59
30.38
48.56
47.24
R49.57
P37.03
2
Real
-1.98
-1.09
-.84
1.26
2.15
3.56
3.99
4.97
9.19
29.20
15.16
13.89
17.03
13.27
17.89
19.28
18.71
12.76
15.28
19.58
18.03
11.81
11.71
12.83
13.81
15.53
10.09
8.93
8.59
8.62
6.94
11.74
49.82
7.60
10.15
19.65
19.31
14.27
19.35
27.76
R42.96
R40.49
R41.37
P30.25
3
Total
Nominal
-0.42
-.18
-.04
.82
1.21
1.41
2.17
3.13
6.48
23.63
21.96
29.72
40.00
38.31
54.44
70.88
70.09
51.63
46.28
48.57
43.60
28.67
36.00
35.53
44.35
54.63
43.82
45.70
47.72
48.37
50.09
67.49
65.65
47.00
66.00
121.53
108.89
104.06
138.26
185.23
259.34
294.17
R318.21
P409.79
2
Real 3
-2.56
-1.11
-.19
3.89
5.36
5.14
7.50
10.39
20.34
68.04
57.78
73.94
93.56
83.73
109.88
131.15
118.55
82.31
70.98
71.79
62.55
40.23
49.18
46.93
56.46
66.96
51.90
52.90
54.00
53.58
54.38
71.91
68.80
48.72
67.44
121.53
106.34
99.87
129.93
169.22
R229.43
R252.12
R265.58
P334.73
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.
Notes: • Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates that the value of exports is
greater than the value of imports. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. • Data on this table may not equal data on Table 3.7 minus data on Table 3.8 due to
independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.
Sources: Tables 3.7 and 3.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
85
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production
by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2007
Dry Natural Gas Production
by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2007
15
400
12
4
2
300
Million Short Tons
6
Trillion Cubic Feet
Million Barrels per Day
8
Coal Production
by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2005
9
6
100
3
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
200
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Total Production,
1974-2007
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Refining Capacity and Output,
1974-2007
70
100
Capacity
60
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
Output
75
Dry Natural Gas
40
Uranium
Percent
Percent
50
Coal
30
20
50
Note: Expanded coverage of refining
in 1998 Financial Reporting System.
25
10
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and
natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).
See Table 3.14.
86
1975
1980
Source: Table 3.10.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2007
Production
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Liquids 1
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Million Barrels
per Day
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
Refining
Dry Natural Gas 1
Coal 2
Capacity 3
Uranium
Output 4
Percent of
U.S. Total
Trillion
Cubic Feet
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Short Tons
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Pounds 5
Percent of
U.S. Total 6
Million Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total 7
Million Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total 7
56.0
56.1
55.7
55.3
56.8
56.3
56.1
55.8
55.9
55.1
54.3
54.9
56.0
57.0
56.2
57.2
55.8
54.9
53.9
52.1
52.1
51.7
50.5
48.3
47.5
46.3
44.8
48.7
48.4
47.3
45.7
44.5
43.1
41.6
11.6
11.0
10.6
10.3
10.1
9.9
9.3
9.2
8.3
7.4
7.9
7.3
7.1
7.2
7.7
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.9
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.0
8.3
8.8
8.7
8.3
8.2
7.8
7.9
8.4
56.1
57.4
55.6
53.6
52.7
50.3
47.7
47.8
46.7
45.8
45.5
44.6
44.5
43.4
45.1
43.2
42.6
42.4
44.2
42.3
42.5
43.3
43.4
43.9
44.1
42.4
43.5
45.1
46.0
43.7
44.0
43.1
R42.8
43.8
87.4
88.1
89.0
89.1
85.5
123.3
142.3
154.8
195.2
185.2
226.0
230.4
227.6
255.3
285.3
286.9
282.0
289.6
251.9
197.3
179.7
165.4
169.4
163.3
73.9
44.0
34.6
31.3
27.8
16.8
18.1
18.0
NA
NA
14.3
13.5
13.0
12.8
12.8
15.8
17.2
18.8
23.3
23.7
25.2
26.1
25.6
27.8
30.0
29.3
27.4
29.1
25.3
20.9
17.4
16.0
15.9
15.0
6.6
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
NA
NA
NA
4.3
3.3
16.0
17.3
16.7
19.0
14.5
9.2
6.6
4.1
2.1
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
NA
18.6
13.0
53.4
46.8
44.7
43.5
37.7
34.2
31.4
27.8
18.9
12.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
13.3
13.4
14.2
14.6
14.8
14.4
15.1
14.6
13.6
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.5
12.5
12.3
11.5
11.4
11.2
11.0
10.7
10.6
10.4
10.5
9.4
814.3
14.2
14.4
15.2
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.7
14.1
88.8
88.2
86.7
85.6
84.7
79.9
81.0
81.4
80.9
80.6
81.6
81.6
80.5
78.3
78.4
73.8
72.5
71.4
72.4
71.3
69.0
68.0
67.8
59.9
887.8
85.7
86.9
90.3
84.7
84.5
84.1
83.8
84.0
80.1
11.8
12.0
12.6
13.5
13.5
13.2
12.2
11.2
10.6
10.3
10.9
10.8
11.4
11.7
12.0
11.4
11.3
11.1
11.0
10.8
10.8
10.7
11.0
10.0
814.9
R14.5
R14.4
R14.9
R14.7
R14.6
R15.1
R15.0
R14.7
14.2
87.6
87.4
86.2
85.0
84.5
83.9
83.3
80.3
79.0
78.7
80.0
78.9
78.5
79.7
79.9
75.2
74.0
72.9
71.4
68.6
68.5
66.6
67.1
59.9
887.7
R85.6
R83.6
R86.4
R85.0
R83.4
R84.7
R84.5
R81.9
78.7
1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of
type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty).
2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.
3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.
4 Includes refinery output at own refineries for own account and at others’ refineries for own account.
5 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
6 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.
7 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals do
not include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
8 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of
the FRS.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. See Table 3.14.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
Sources: Production and Refining: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1998. • 1977 forward—EIA, Performance
Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. Percent of U.S. Total: Tables 5.1, 5.8, 5.9, 6.1, 7.1,
and 9.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
87
Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income
Total, 1974-2007
Total by Type of Business, 2007
150
140
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
120
100
50
119
100
80
60
40
20
9
0
6
1
0
-2
-20
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2007
Petroleum
Downstream
Natural Gas
Electric
Power
Other
Energy²
NonEnergy
Foreign Petroleum, 1977-2007
50
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
40
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
30
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
20
Refining
and
Marketing
10
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
60
50
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
40
30
Refining
and
Marketing³
20
10
0
0
-5
-5
1980
1
1985
1990
1995
2000
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
³ Beginning in 2003, includes International Marine.
2
88
2005
International Marine
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and
natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).
See Table 3.14.
Source: Table 3.11.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2007
(Billion Nominal Dollars 1)
Petroleum 2
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
Foreign
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
NA
NA
NA
6.4
6.7
9.4
13.8
16.8
14.1
12.2
13.3
12.1
.9
4.7
3.2
3.1
8.7
5.1
5.6
4.8
4.8
3.7
11.8
11.6
.5
7.4
21.9
17.6
15.0
222.6
30.1
40.5
R41.8
40.1
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.3
2.5
1.3
1.9
1.6
.1
2.3
1.6
1.1
5.4
4.5
2.2
.9
-.2
1.7
1.8
.5
2.3
3.1
5.9
4.9
7.7
12.0
-1.4
27.4
15.2
21.0
24.3
22.4
NA
NA
NA
.8
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.0
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
1.6
1.8
2.2
1.6
1.3
1.4
2.4
2.3
3.3
1.7
2.8
.4
.5
.2
.3
Total
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
International
Marine
Total
NA
NA
NA
8.6
9.5
13.4
17.9
19.9
18.3
15.9
15.8
16.7
5.2
8.4
10.6
9.5
12.9
7.9
7.5
8.1
8.5
6.4
15.7
16.0
7.8
14.8
31.8
32.9
15.4
230.9
45.8
61.9
R66.3
62.7
NA
NA
NA
3.6
3.5
5.2
6.9
8.0
6.1
7.2
7.5
8.0
4.7
5.4
4.3
4.7
7.4
5.4
4.7
5.2
4.0
5.9
9.2
9.6
2.0
8.2
18.5
14.6
12.9
221.3
28.6
48.7
R51.4
47.0
NA
NA
NA
.7
1.8
4.3
4.3
1.6
.8
1.3
.7
.5
2.9
1.0
2.4
1.8
2.8
4.1
2.2
3.2
2.0
2.4
2.0
3.6
2.9
1.9
2.9
3.1
-.4
2,82.9
87.0
87.8
87.5
89.2
NA
NA
NA
.1
-.1
.1
.1
-.1
-.3
-.5
-.4
-.4
.1
-.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
.2
(s)
8
( )
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
NA
NA
NA
4.4
5.2
9.7
11.2
9.6
6.7
8.2
7.8
8.1
7.7
6.4
6.9
6.7
10.5
9.8
6.9
8.4
5.9
8.3
11.2
13.3
5.1
10.1
21.4
17.8
12.5
224.3
35.5
56.5
R58.9
56.2
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
2 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in
2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.
3 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,
processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, markets
and trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gas
and natural gas liquids.
4 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy
(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in
2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
5 Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes).
6 Included in "Petroleum."
7 Included in "Other Energy."
8 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.
Total
Petroleum
NA
NA
NA
13.0
14.7
23.0
29.1
29.5
25.0
24.0
23.6
24.8
12.9
14.8
17.5
16.2
23.4
17.7
14.4
16.5
14.4
14.7
26.9
29.3
12.8
24.8
53.3
50.8
27.9
255.1
81.3
118.5
R125.2
118.9
Downstream
Natural
Gas 2,3
Electric
Power
Coal
Other
Energy 4
NonEnergy
NA
NA
NA
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
3.6
3.3
2.2
R3.7
8.8
NA
NA
NA
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
1.0
.6
.4
1.2
-1.6
NA
NA
NA
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.4
.5
.6
.4
.2
.4
.6
.4
.3
.6
-.5
.4
.2
.3
.5
.3
.5
.2
(s)
.1
(s)
7
( )
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
NA
NA
NA
(s)
-.1
-.1
(s)
-.3
-.3
(s)
-.1
-.3
(s)
(s)
-.1
-.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.9
.7
2.7
2.0
-1.5
.1
1.1
1.0
.6
.8
NA
NA
NA
1.7
1.8
2.8
2.3
1.6
.4
1.8
2.9
2.5
2.8
7.1
10.8
8.7
4.3
1.6
1.2
2.7
6.2
12.6
8.0
6.3
1.8
2.8
3.6
-2.7
1.8
.9
4.2
4.2
6.2
5.6
Total 5
13.6
10.3
12.0
12.7
13.9
23.5
31.0
30.0
21.8
21.9
21.3
17.4
9.2
11.3
22.3
19.8
21.6
14.7
1.8
15.5
16.5
21.1
32.0
32.1
12.5
22.9
53.2
37.7
20.6
57.4
81.1
119.2
R131.4
124.8
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -0.05 billion.
Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural
gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. See Table 3.14. • "Net
income" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes,
interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. • "Eliminations" are revenues and
expenses resulting from transactions between segments of the energy industry. Consolidated company
accounts do not include intersegment revenues and expenses. Therefore, such intersegment transactions
must be eliminated. • "Nontraceables" are energy companies’ revenues, costs, assays, and liabilities that
cannot be directly attributed to a type of business by use of a reasonable allocation method developed on
the basis of operating-level utilities.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
Sources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting
System" database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy
Producers, annual reports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
89
Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability
Total, 1974-2007
Total by Activity, 2007
20
25
20
17.8
15.6
15
15
12.5
10
6
Percent
Percent
5
10
0
-5
-10
-15
5
-20
-25
-30
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2007
Petroleum
Electric
Power
Other
Energy1
NonEnergy
30
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
25
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
20
15
10
5 Refining
and
Marketing
0
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
20
Percent
Percent
DownStream
Natural
Gas
Foreign Petroleum, 1977-2007
30
Refining
and
Marketing
10
0
-10
International
Marine
-5
-20
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1
Coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table
90
-31.3
-35
1980
1985
3.14.
Source: Table 3.12.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2007
(Percent)
Petroleum 1
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
NA
NA
NA
17.5
16.4
18.2
20.9
20.2
14.0
11.3
10.8
9.5
.8
4.1
2.8
2.9
8.5
5.1
5.9
5.3
5.5
4.4
14.1
12.5
.5
7.6
17.7
13.1
10.5
116.5
20.0
22.5
R18.2
15.2
NA
NA
NA
7.2
7.5
9.8
9.8
4.4
6.0
4.8
.3
6.5
4.5
2.9
14.7
11.5
5.1
2.0
-.4
3.4
3.6
1.0
4.4
6.6
7.9
6.5
9.6
14.5
-1.7
19.3
18.6
23.5
25.6
21.6
NA
NA
NA
7.3
10.9
15.1
15.1
15.6
20.8
16.6
20.8
15.0
13.2
12.8
9.6
10.2
11.2
10.7
8.4
6.4
7.6
9.1
6.9
6.7
4.4
6.4
6.0
9.7
5.2
111.5
4.4
5.8
2.7
2.9
Foreign
Total
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
International
Marine
Total
NA
NA
NA
12.5
12.8
15.5
17.5
16.1
12.7
10.3
9.4
9.4
3.0
4.9
6.3
5.8
7.9
4.9
4.4
4.9
5.2
4.0
9.9
10.0
3.8
7.0
13.2
13.1
6.0
113.7
18.9
22.4
R19.9
16.7
NA
NA
NA
21.8
18.2
23.8
25.1
25.5
17.4
19.6
18.8
20.0
11.6
12.4
9.2
8.9
13.1
9.1
8.2
8.6
6.5
9.3
12.8
12.5
2.2
8.5
17.1
11.2
9.2
114.2
17.1
26.3
R23.7
18.8
NA
NA
NA
5.1
12.7
29.1
26.4
9.0
4.7
7.7
4.5
3.3
16.3
4.7
11.6
8.0
11.2
14.6
7.8
10.6
6.1
7.2
6.0
10.5
8.2
5.1
8.7
9.5
-1.1
17.7
17.6
20.8
18.6
21.9
NA
NA
NA
2.6
-1.0
2.6
2.4
-1.1
-6.3
-13.2
-14.0
-19.0
5.3
-3.6
6.8
12.4
11.7
15.6
-1.2
1.2
-2.0
-2.5
2.2
11.8
8.9
.8
6.4
25.9
-6.2
W
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
12.4
13.6
23.1
23.0
17.7
11.8
14.1
13.3
13.8
12.8
9.5
9.9
8.7
12.5
11.0
7.9
9.2
6.2
8.4
10.6
11.9
4.0
7.6
15.1
10.9
7.2
113.0
17.3
25.5
R22.9
19.2
1 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in
2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.
2 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,
processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, markets
and trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gas
and natural gas liquids.
3 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy
(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in
2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
4 Included in "Petroleum."
5 Included in "Other Energy."
Total
Petroleum
Downstream
Natural
Gas 1,2
Electric
Power
Coal
Other
Energy 3
NonEnergy
Total
NA
NA
NA
12.5
13.1
18.0
19.2
16.6
12.5
11.3
10.4
10.5
5.5
6.2
7.3
6.7
9.5
7.0
5.6
6.4
5.6
5.7
10.1
10.8
3.9
7.2
13.9
12.2
6.5
113.4
18.2
23.7
R21.2
17.8
NA
NA
NA
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.8
5.9
4.0
R5.7
15.6
NA
NA
NA
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5.2
3.1
1.7
5.6
-31.3
NA
NA
NA
8.8
4.1
6.3
5.6
6.1
4.4
5.0
6.2
4.6
2.7
5.1
6.7
5.0
3.3
8.7
-9.3
7.6
4.0
6.9
9.9
7.2
26.4
9.5
1.7
9.0
-8.5
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
NA
NA
NA
-2.6
-4.2
-3.7
-.7
-6.8
-5.2
.5
-1.8
-8.4
-.8
.5
-2.5
-2.3
2.6
2.8
1.8
4.1
4.8
6.1
7.9
7.0
13.2
7.6
11.0
9.0
-6.8
2.8
24.7
22.2
11.1
6.0
NA
NA
NA
7.1
6.5
8.8
5.9
3.5
.6
2.9
4.8
4.2
5.1
12.2
20.3
17.3
7.8
2.9
2.1
4.7
10.5
19.4
15.0
10.9
4.5
5.8
7.3
-6.6
4.7
2.4
10.7
11.6
14.6
12.5
14.6
9.7
10.0
9.4
9.4
13.8
15.3
12.4
7.7
7.4
6.9
5.5
3.0
3.6
7.2
6.4
6.8
4.5
.5
4.7
4.9
6.2
9.5
9.2
3.2
5.6
11.4
7.7
4.1
10.9
14.0
19.0
R17.9
15.6
R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural
gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. See Table 3.14.
• Data are for return on investment, measured as net income divided by net investment in place. "Net
income" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes,
interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. "Net investment in place" is net property,
plant, and equipment plus investments and advances to unconsolidated affiliates.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
Sources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting
System" database, October 1996. • 1977 forward—EIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers,
annual reports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
91
Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006
Petroleum Activities
Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total
100
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Refining
Capacity
Uranium
80
30
4
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Refining
Capacity
Percent
Percent
Million Barrels per Day
Share of U.S. Total Production by Fuel Type
40
6
20
Production1
60
40
Crude Oil
and NGL²
2
10
Coal
20
Production1
0
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2.4
400
1.8
300
1.2
100
0.0
0
1
1985
1990
1995
Crude oil and natural gas liquids.
Natural gas liquids.
3
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
2
92
1990
1995
2000
2005
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Expenditures for Exploration and
Development of Uranium
50
200
0.6
1980
1985
Coal Production
Million Short Tons
Trillion Cubic Feet
Dry Natural Gas Production
1980
Million Nominal Dollars³
1980
Dry Natural Gas
0
40
30
20
10
* * * * * * **
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
* 1999-2002 uranium values are withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data;
2003-2005 values are not available.
Source: Table 3.13.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006
Production
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Liquids
Year
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
Dry Natural Gas
Coal
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
Billion
Cubic Feet
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Short Tons
Percent of
U.S. Total
Thousand
Pounds 2
Percent of
U.S. Total 3
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
1,076
1,145
1,280
1,438
1,421
1,325
1,365
1,455
1,523
1,614
1,659
1,553
1,481
1,469
1,392
1,299
1,261
1,103
1,105
1,028
1,149
1,118
1,027
994
1,214
1,147
1,073
R970
888
10.5
11.3
12.6
14.1
13.9
12.9
12.9
13.7
14.8
16.1
16.9
16.8
16.5
16.0
15.5
14.7
14.6
12.8
12.8
11.9
13.7
13.8
12.7
13.0
15.9
15.5
14.8
R14.0
13.0
783
786
776
1,080
1,055
924
1,075
1,093
1,276
1,318
1,392
1,452
1,457
1,360
1,368
1,451
1,439
1,191
1,265
1,332
1,881
1,805
2,112
2,167
2,344
2,331
2,140
R2,031
1,960
3.9
4.0
4.0
5.6
5.9
5.8
6.2
6.7
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.2
7.7
7.7
8.0
7.7
6.4
6.7
7.0
10.1
9.6
11.0
11.0
12.4
12.2
11.4
R11.3
10.6
24
29
31
106
138
128
153
147
146
181
195
207
254
238
259
254
295
316
332
327
199
300
284
302
291
289
155
R160
158
3.1
3.8
3.8
12.9
16.6
16.5
17.3
16.8
16.5
19.8
20.6
21.2
24.7
24.0
26.0
27.0
28.6
30.7
31.2
30.0
17.8
27.2
26.4
26.8
26.6
27.0
13.9
R14.1
13.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53,745
3,443
2,440
2,280
2,024
2,000
2,147
2,980
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
581.2
87.0
92.5
97.3
6 NM
87.6
79.8
72.6
1,895
1,984
2,066
2,595
2,423
2,337
2,276
2,656
3,133
3,342
3,356
4,243
4,379
4,312
4,256
4,440
4,479
4,164
4,050
3,637
4,940
4,877
4,831
4,797
4,733
4,761
4,683
R4,942
4,844
10.9
11.0
11.1
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.5
17.2
20.1
21.0
21.4
27.2
27.9
27.5
28.1
29.5
29.2
27.1
26.2
23.0
30.4
29.5
29.1
28.6
28.2
28.2
27.3
R28.5
27.8
1,066
948
926
1,114
1,092
1,022
1,066
1,285
1,565
1,586
1,673
2,084
2,282
2,299
2,369
2,362
2,346
2,204
2,145
1,998
2,721
2,737
2,971
3,027
3,090
2,914
2,900
2,845
NA
13.6
13.5
14.1
16.9
16.7
15.4
15.9
18.8
22.2
22.0
22.8
28.4
31.5
32.0
32.6
31.6
30.9
29.0
26.5
24.4
32.4
32.0
35.3
35.1
35.0
33.0
32.7
31.6
NA
Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.
Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.
4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
5 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999.
6 Total U.S. uranium production is slightly below that of the foreign-affiliated companies shown in this
table. The U.S. data were rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
2
3
Refining Capacity 1
Uranium
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Expenditures for
Exploration and
Development of Uranium
Million
Nominal
Dollars 4
39
34
38
25
15
5
7
6
12
12
9
6
3
4
8
9
2
2
4
4
(s)
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
NA
Percent of
U.S. Total
12.5
10.8
14.1
17.0
19.8
13.0
24.9
27.9
54.3
60.4
44.2
41.2
14.6
19.7
55.2
76.0
51.0
35.0
44.0
14.0
1.0
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
NA
R=Revised. NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value
withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
Sources: • 1978—U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary’s Annual Report to Congress, (September
1983). • 1979-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Profiles of Foreign Direct Investment in U.S.
Energy, annual reports. • 1993-1996—EIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual
reports. • 1997 forward—EIA, Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. Energy, annual reports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
93
Table 3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2007
Company
Alenco, Inc. .......................................................
American Petrofina, Inc. 1 .................................
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation 2 ..................
Apache Corporation ..........................................
Ashland Inc. 3 ...................................................
Atlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) 4 ........................
BP America, Inc. 5,6 ..........................................
BP Amoco Corporation 4,5,7 ..............................
Burlington Northern Inc. 8 .................................
Burlington Resources Inc. 8,9 ............................
Chesapeake Energy Corporation .....................
Chevron Corporation 10,11,12,13 ..........................
Citgo Petroleum Corporation ............................
Cities Service 14 ................................................
ConocoPhillips, Inc. 9,15,16,17 .............................
Devon Energy Corporation ...............................
Dominion Resources ........................................
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 15,16 .............
El Paso Energy Corporation 18 .........................
Enron Corporation ............................................
EOG Resources ...............................................
Equilon Enterprises, LLC 19 ..............................
Equitable Resources, Inc. .................................
Exxon Mobil Corporation 20 ..............................
Getty Oil 21 ........................................................
Gulf Oil 11 ..........................................................
Hess Corporation ..............................................
Kerr-McGee Corporation 2,22 ............................
LYONDELLBASELL 23 .....................................
Marathon 24 ......................................................
Mobil Corporation 20,25 ......................................
Motiva Enterprises, LLC 26 ...............................
Nerco, Inc. 27 ....................................................
Occidental Petroleum Corporation 14 ...............
Oryx Energy Company 22,28 ..............................
Phillips Petroleum Company 17,29 .....................
Premcor Refining Group 30,31 ...........................
Shell Oil Company ............................................
Sonat Inc. .........................................................
Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) (Sohio) 6 .....................
Sunoco, Inc. 28,32 ..............................................
Superior Oil 25 ...................................................
Tenneco Inc. 33 .................................................
Tesoro Petroleum Corporation .........................
Texaco Inc. 12,21 ...............................................
The Coastal Corporation 18 ..............................
The Williams Companies, Inc ...........................
Tosco Corporation 29 ........................................
Total Holdings, USA, 1,34,35 ...............................
Total Petroleum (North America) Ltd. 36 ...........
Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation 37 ...
Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. 38,39 ........
Unocal Corporation 13 .......................................
USX Corporation ..............................................
Valero Energy Corporation 31,37 .......................
XTO Energy, Inc. ..............................................
1974-81
1982
X
X
1983-84 1985-86
1987
1988
1989-90
X
X
X
1992-93 1994-96
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003-06
2007
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Footnotes: See the following two pages.
Note: "X" indicates that the company was included in the Financial Reporting System for the year
indicated.
94
1991
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
X
X
Footnotes for Table 3.14
1
American Petrofina, Inc. changed its name to Fina, Inc., effective April 17, 1991.
Kerr-McGee merged with Anadarko on August 10, 2007. Anadrako's 2005 submission includes data for Kerr-McGee after August 10, 2007. Data for Kerr-McGee were
submitted separately for the period from January 1, 2005, to August 10, 2007.
3
Ashland was dropped from the FRS system for 1998 after spinning off downstream and coal operations and disposing of upstream operations.
4
BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) in April of 2000. The
reporting was consolidated under BP Amoco for 2000. Data for ARCO is not
included in the database for the period from January 1, 2000, to April 14, 2000.
5
Amoco merged with British Petroleum plc and became BP Amoco plc on December 31, 1998. BP America was renamed BP Amoco, Inc. The companies reported
separately for 1998 and 1999.
6
In 1987, British Petroleum acquired all shares in Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
that it did not already control and renamed its U.S. affiliate, BP America, Inc.
7
Formerly Standard Oil Company (Indiana).
8
Burlington Resources was added to the FRS system and Burlington Northern was
dropped for 1988. Data for Burlington Resources cover the full year 1988 even
though that company was not created until May of that year.
9
Burlington Resources merged with ConocoPhillips on March 30, 2007. ConocoPhillip's 2007 submission includes data for Burlington Resources after March 30,
2007. Data for Burlington Resources were submitted separately for the period from
January 1, 2007, to March 30, 2007.
10
Formerly Standard Oil Company of California.
11
Chevron acquired Gulf Oil in 1984, but separate data for Gulf continued to be
available for the full 1984 year.
12
In October 2000, Chevron and Texaco agreed to merge. Both companies reported
separately for 2000.
13
Unocal merged with Chevron on August 10, 2005. Chevron's 2005 submission
includes data for Unocal after August 10, 2005. Data for Unocal were submitted
separately for the period from January 1, 2005, to August 10, 2005.
14
Occidental acquired Cities Service in 1982. Separate financial reports were available for 1982, so each company continued to be treated separately until 1983.
15
DuPont acquired Conoco in 1981. Separate data for Conoco were available for
1981; DuPont was included in the FRS system in 1982.
16
Dupont was dropped from the FRS system when Conoco was spun-off in 1998.
Conoco began reporting separately again in 1998.
17
In November 2001, Phillips and Conoco agreed to merge forming ConocoPhillips
in 2002. Both companies reported separately in 2001. The companies reported
separately in 2002 until the time of the merger.
18
In January 2001, Coastal merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of El Paso
2
Energy Corporation. The name was changed to El Paso CGP Company. Data were
reported separately in 2000 under the name The Coastal Company.
19
Equilon is a joint venture combining Shell's and Texaco's western and midwestern
U.S. refining and marketing businesses and nationwide trading transportation and
lubricants businesses. Net income is duplicated in the FRS system since Shell and
Texaco account for this investment using the equity method.
20
In December 1998, Exxon and Mobil agreed to merge. Both companies reported
separately for 1998.
21
Texaco acquired Getty in 1984; however, Getty was treated as a separate FRS
company for that year.
22
In 1998, Kerr-McGee and Oryx merged. The financial reporting for both was
consolidated under Kerr-McGee for 1998.
23
LYONDELL-CITGO is a limited partnership owned by Lyondell Chemical
Company and Citgo. There will be some duplication of net income since Citgo
accounts for its investment using the equity method.
24
U.S. Steel (now USX) acquired Marathon in 1982.
25
Mobil acquired Superior in 1984, but both companies were treated separately for
that year.
26
Motiva is a joint venture approximately equally owned by Shell, Texaco, and
Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture combines the company's Gulf and east coast
refining and marketing businesses. Duplication exists for the net income related to
Shell and Texaco's interests, which are accounted for under the equity method.
27
RTZ America acquired the common stock of Nerco, Inc., on February 17, 1994.
In September 1993, Nerco, Inc. sold Nerco Oil & Gas, Inc., its subsidiary. Nerco's
1993 submission includes operations of Nerco Oil & Gas, Inc., through September
28, 1993.
28
Sun Company spun off Sun Exploration and Development Company (later
renamed Oryx Energy Company) during 1988. Both companies were included in
the FRS system for 1988; therefore, some degree of duplication exists for that year.
29
In September 2001, Phillips acquired Tosco. Both companies reported separately
in 2001.
30
In May 2000, Clark Refining & Marketing changed its name to Premcor Refining
Group.
31
Premcor merged with Valero on September 1, 2005. Valero's 2005 submission
includes data for Premcor after September 1, 2005. Data for Premcor were submitted separately for the period from January 1, 2005, to September 1, 2005.
32
Sun company withdrew from oil and gas exploration and production in 1996.
Sun's 1996 submission includes oil and gas exploration and production activities
through September 30, 1996. Refining/marketing activities are included for the
entire 1996 calendar year. In 1998 the company changed its name to Sunoco, Inc.
33
Tenneco sold its worldwide oil and gas assets and its refining and marketing
assets in 1988. Other FRS companies purchased approximately 70 percent of
Tenneco's assets.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
95
34
Prior submissions were reported at the FINA, Inc. level. FINA, Inc. was the parent
of Fina Oil and Chemical Company, which is now ATOFINA Petrochemicals. Due
to a series of mergers and acquisitions, beginning in 2000, the submission is
reported at the American Petrofina Holding Company level, which is the holding
company of ATOFINA.
35
In 2002, the name was changed to Total Fina Elf and changed to Total Holdings,
USA in 2003.
36
Effective June 1, 1991, Total's exploration, production, and marketing operations
in Canada were spun off to Total Oil & Gas, a new public entity.
96
37
In December 2001, Valero and Ultramar Diamond Shamrock agreed to merge.
Both companies reported separately in 2001.
38
Effective October 15, 1996, Union Pacific Corporation distributed its ownership in
the Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. to its shareholders. Prior to 1996, the FRS
system included Union Pacific Corporation. The FRS system includes only Union
Pacific Resources Group, Inc. for 1996.
39
Union Pacific merged with Anadarko on July 14, 2000. Anadarko's 2000 submission includes data for Union Pacific after July 14, 2000. Data for Union Pacific were
not submitted for the period from January 1, 2000, to July 14, 2000.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
4
Energy Resources
Semisubmersible drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2007
Unconventionally Reservoired Fields
Discovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields¹
Undiscovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields
13%
21%
73%
47%
1%
26%
26%
32%
Crude Oil
178 billion
barrels
Natural Gas (Dry)
1,533 trillion
cubic feet
Undiscovered Conventionally
Reservoired Fields
U.S. Total
Reservoired Fields
U.S. Onshore and State
Offshore
U.S. Federal Onshore
100
100
100
75
71
Percent
60
50
40
75
Percent
64
U.S. Onshore and
State Offshore
Federal Offshore
100
94
85
75
Percent
Natural Gas Liquids
30 billion
barrels
Discovered Conventionally
Reservoired Fields1
48 States
Alaska
100
61%
50
50
71
48
52
36
29
25
29
25
25
15
6
0
Crude
Oil
1
98
0
0
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Ultimate recovery appreciation.
Natural
Gas
Liquids
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Natural
Gas
Liquids
Source: Table 4.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
0
0
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Natural
Gas
Liquids
Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2007
Crude Oil 1
Natural Gas (Dry)
Natural Gas Liquids 1
Region
Billion Barrels
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Barrels
Undiscovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2 .......................................................................
Alaska Onshore and State Offshore 3 ................................................................................................
Alaska Federal Offshore 4 ..................................................................................................................
48 States Onshore and State Offshore 3 ............................................................................................
48 States Federal Offshore 4 ..............................................................................................................
130.16
26.04
26.61
18.24
59.27
724.84
126.75
132.06
178.21
287.82
7.79
2.23
.00
5.56
.00
Discovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2 Ultimate Recovery Appreciation 5 ..................
U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 ....................................................................................................
U.S. Federal Offshore 4 ......................................................................................................................
45.54
38.66
6.88
485.71
454.80
30.91
18.26
18.26
.00
Unconventionally Reservoired Fields 6
(Continuous-Type Deposits (all onshore)) .......................................................................................
2.13
322.27
3.80
U.S. Total .............................................................................................................................................
U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 ....................................................................................................
Federal Offshore 4 ..............................................................................................................................
177.83
85.07
92.76
1,532.82
1,082.03
450.79
29.85
29.85
.00
1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";
otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."
2 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas
usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.
3 Onshore plus State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State jurisdiction).
4 Federal offshore jurisdictions (Outer Continental Shelf and deeper water areas seaward of State
offshore).
5 Proved reserves (see Table 4.2) are not included in these estimates. Ultimate recovery appreciation
(reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known crude oil or natural gas
reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the time between discovery and
permanent abandonment.
6 Unconventionally reservoired deposits (continuous-type accumulations) are geographically extensive
subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas that generally lack well-defined hydrocarbon/water
contacts. Examples include coalbed methane, "tight gas," and self-sourced oil- and gas-shale reservoirs.
Notes: • "Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producible using current technology
without reference to the economic viability thereof. • For purposes of comparison, the Potential Gas
Committee, an industry-sponsored group of experts, biennially provides another geologically-based
estimate of the Nation’s natural gas resources. The latest mean estimate, published in "Potential Supply of
Natural Gas in the United States," December 31, 2006, is 1,321 trillion cubic feet. This volume includes
undiscovered conventionally reservoired deposits, expected ultimate recovery appreciation, coalbed
methane, and tight gas where it is believed to be technically recoverable and marketable at reasonable
costs. • A value of zero indicates either that none exists in this area or that no estimate of this resource
has been made for this area. • "48 States" is the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
Sources: • National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team, 2007 Assessment Updates United
States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., December 2007 at http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/noga/
assessment_updates.html. • Resource Evaluation Division, Assessment of Undiscovered Technically
Recoverable Oil and Gas Resources of the Nation’s Outer Continental Shelf, 2006 MMS Fact Sheet
RED-2006-01b,
Minerals
Management
Service,
Washington,
D.C.,
February
2006,
at
http://www.mms.gov/revaldiv/PDFs/2006NationalAssessmentBrochure.pdf.
•
The ultimate recovery
appreciation estimates for Alaska and the Lower 48 States Onshore Plus State Waters were developed by
the Energy Information Administration, Reserves and Production Division, Office of Oil and Gas, based on
data available as of year-end 2006.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
99
Figure 4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate
Recovery, 1977-2007
Crude Oil
Natural Gas (Dry)
250
Proved
Ultimate Recovery
1,200
Proved Reserves
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Barrels
200
1,400
Proved
Ultimate Recovery
150
100
Cumulative Production
1,000
Proved Reserves
800
600
400
Cumulative Production
50
200
0
1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998
0
1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
2001 2004 2007
Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed
250
Natural Gas (Dry)
Cumulative Production
Index: 1977=100
200
150
Crude Oil
Cumulative Production
Natural Gas (Dry)
Proved Reserves
100
Crude Oil
Proved Reserves
50
0
1977
1980
1983
1986
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes lease condensate.
100
1989
1992
1995
Source: Table 4.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1998
2001
2004
2007
Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery,
1977-2007
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1
Cumulative Production
Year
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Proved Reserves
Natural Gas (Dry)
Proved Ultimate Recovery
Cumulative Production
Billion Barrels
118.1
121.3
124.4
127.5
130.7
133.8
137.0
140.2
143.5
146.7
149.7
152.7
155.5
158.2
160.9
163.5
166.0
168.4
170.8
173.2
175.6
177.8
180.0
182.1
184.2
186.3
188.4
190.4
192.3
194.1
196.1
31.8
31.4
31.2
31.3
31.0
29.5
29.3
30.0
29.9
28.3
28.7
28.2
27.9
27.6
25.9
25.0
24.1
23.6
23.5
23.3
23.9
22.4
23.2
23.5
23.8
24.0
23.1
22.6
23.0
22.1
22.8
Proved Reserves
Proved Ultimate Recovery
Trillion Cubic Feet
149.9
152.6
155.6
158.9
161.7
163.3
166.3
170.2
173.4
175.0
178.4
180.9
183.4
185.7
186.8
188.5
190.2
192.0
194.4
196.5
199.4
200.2
203.1
205.6
208.1
210.4
211.5
213.0
215.3
216.3
218.9
1 Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas stream
at a lease or field separation facility.
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Lease
Condensate," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html and http://www.
eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related information.
514.4
533.6
553.2
572.6
591.8
609.6
625.7
643.2
659.6
675.7
692.3
709.4
726.7
744.5
762.2
780.1
798.2
817.0
835.6
854.5
873.4
892.4
911.2
930.4
950.0
968.9
988.0
1,006.6
1,024.6
1,043.1
1,062.2
207.4
208.0
201.0
199.0
201.7
201.5
200.2
197.5
193.4
191.6
187.2
168.0
167.1
169.3
167.1
165.0
162.4
163.8
165.1
166.5
167.2
164.0
167.4
177.4
183.5
186.9
189.0
192.5
204.4
211.1
237.7
721.9
741.6
754.2
771.6
793.5
811.1
826.0
840.7
853.0
867.3
879.5
877.4
893.9
913.9
929.3
945.1
960.6
980.8
1,000.7
1,020.9
1,040.6
1,056.4
1,078.6
1,107.8
1,133.5
1,155.9
1,177.1
1,199.1
1,229.0
1,254.2
1,299.9
Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum
Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports.
Proved Reserves:
• 1977-2006—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports.
• 2007—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2007 Annual Report
(February 2009), Tables 6, 8, and 15. Proved Ultimate Recovery: Calculated as the sum of cumulative
production and proved reserves.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
101
Figure 4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves
Total, 1949-2007
By Type, 2007
50
100
42
Billion Barrels COE¹
API and
AGA Data
Billion Barrels COE¹
40
75
EIA Data
50
30
21
20
25
10
0
6
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Natural Gas
Crude Oil²
Natural Gas Liquids²
By Type, 1949-2007
60
API and AGA Data: 1949-1979
Natural Gas
Billion Barrels COE¹
EIA Data: 1977-2007
40
Crude Oil²
20
Natural Gas Liquids²
0
1950
1
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
COE=crude oil equivalent.
² To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in “Natural Gas
Liquids”; otherwise, lease condensate is included in “Crude Oil.”
102
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petroleum Institute. AGA=American Gas
Association. EIA=Energy Information Administration.
Source: Table 4.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2007
Crude Oil 1
Year
Billion Barrels
Natural Gas Liquids 1
Natural Gas (Dry)
Trillion Cubic Feet
2
Billion Barrels COE
3
Billion Barrels
Total
Billion Barrels COE
3
Billion Barrels COE 3
American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
24.6
25.3
30.0
31.6
31.4
39.0
38.1
36.3
35.3
34.2
32.7
30.9
29.5
27.8
27.1
179.4
184.6
222.5
262.3
286.5
290.7
278.8
266.1
250.0
237.1
228.2
216.0
208.9
200.3
194.9
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
31.8
31.4
29.8
29.8
29.4
27.9
27.7
28.4
28.4
26.9
27.3
26.8
26.5
26.3
24.7
23.7
23.0
22.5
22.4
22.0
22.5
21.0
21.8
22.0
22.4
22.7
21.9
21.4
21.8
R21.0
21.3
207.4
208.0
201.0
199.0
201.7
201.5
200.2
197.5
193.4
191.6
187.2
168.0
167.1
169.3
167.1
165.0
162.4
163.8
165.1
166.5
167.2
164.0
167.4
177.4
183.5
186.9
189.0
192.5
204.4
211.1
237.7
32.0
32.9
39.7
46.8
51.0
51.7
49.6
47.1
44.0
41.9
40.2
38.0
36.8
35.2
34.3
3.7
4.3
5.4
6.8
8.0
7.7
7.3
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.0
5.9
5.7
3.1
3.5
4.4
5.4
6.3
5.9
5.5
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.1
59.7
61.7
74.1
83.8
88.6
96.6
93.2
88.5
84.1
80.8
77.5
73.6
70.6
67.3
65.5
NA
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.8
6.3
NA
73.0
70.1
70.0
70.4
68.8
69.0
69.0
68.5
66.7
66.3
62.4
61.7
61.7
59.6
58.3
56.8
56.5
56.8
56.9
57.7
55.5
56.9
59.2
60.5
61.3
60.7
60.9
63.6
R64.2
69.7
Energy Information Administration Data
36.5
36.5
35.4
35.2
35.7
35.7
35.6
35.1
34.4
34.0
33.3
29.8
29.7
30.0
29.7
29.3
28.8
29.0
29.2
29.4
29.6
29.2
29.6
31.4
32.5
33.1
33.6
34.1
36.3
37.4
42.1
1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";
otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."
2 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural
gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage.
3 Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry production
approximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat
content (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE by
multiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) and
then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are converted
to COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)
and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.
NA
6.8
6.6
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.9
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.2
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.8
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.3
8.0
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.2
8.5
9.1
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural
Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data: American Petroleum
Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United States and Canada as of December 31,
1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). Energy Information Administraton Data: • 1977-1996—EIA, U.S. Crude
Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports. • 1997 forward—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil,
Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2007 Annual Report (February 2009), Table 1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
103
Figure 4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation
By Site, 1949-2008
By Site, 2008
5
2,000
1,814
4
Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981
Number of Rigs
Thousand Rigs
1,500
3
2
Total
1,000
500
1
Onshore
Offshore
65
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
2000
Onshore
By Type1, 2008
By Type, 1949-2008
2,000
5
4
Number of Rigs
1,500
Thousand Rigs
Offshore
3
2
Total
1,491
1,000
500
379
1
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
0
0
1950
1
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown.
104
Natural Gas
Source: Table 4.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Crude Oil
Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Number of Rigs)
By Site
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Onshore
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,110
1,378
1,554
1,529
1,834
2,074
1,970
2,678
3,714
2,862
2,033
2,215
1,774
865
841
813
764
902
779
669
672
673
622
671
821
703
519
778
1,003
717
924
1,095
R1,287
1,559
1,695
1,814
By Type
Offshore
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
84
94
106
129
167
185
207
231
256
243
199
213
206
99
95
123
105
108
81
52
82
102
101
108
122
123
106
140
153
113
108
97
R94
90
72
65
1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for
miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole
Crude Oil
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
554
453
532
482
373
373
335
323
306
376
264
128
197
217
137
157
165
194
274
297
379
Natural Gas
Total 1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
354
401
464
351
331
364
427
385
464
564
560
496
720
939
691
872
1,025
R1,184
1,372
1,466
1,491
2,017
2,154
2,686
1,748
1,388
1,028
976
1,107
1,194
1,472
1,660
1,658
2,001
2,259
2,177
2,909
3,970
3,105
2,232
2,428
1,980
964
936
936
869
1,010
860
721
754
775
723
779
943
827
625
918
1,156
830
1,032
1,192
R1,381
1,649
1,768
1,879
weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Running—By State.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
105
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells
Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2008
Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2008
100
100
40
80
25
Total
20
10
Exploratory
0
1950 1960 1970
1980
1990
Natural
Gas Wells
0
1950
2000
Wells Drilled, 2008
1960
1970
1980
1990
250
32.6
Exploratory
Development
Total
29.7
200
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
20
17.4
15
100
2.9
1.0
Natural Gas
212
88
1990
2000
Exploratory
Development
Total
6.6
6.5
5.9
6
4.9
6.2
5.2
5.1
5.5
3
31
7
17
11
20
0
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Sources: Tables 4.5–4.7.
106
1980
50
1.8
Dry Holes
1970
195
0
Crude Oil
1960
7.8
3.9
0
0
1950
9
10
5.6
Exploratory
Average Depth, 2008
150
81
5
40
2000
25
16.4
60
20
Footage Drilled, 2008
Exploratory
Development
Total
30
Total
30
Dry Holes
Development
35
Development
Crude
Oil Wells
Percent
Thousand Wells
Thousand Wells
75
50
Successful Wells, 1949-2008
50
Thousand Feet per Well
Figure 4.5
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
2
Natural Gas
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005E
2006E
2007E
2008E
1
3
Dry Holes
4
Total
Number
21,352
23,812
30,432
22,258
18,065
12,968
11,853
11,378
10,167
13,647
16,948
17,688
18,745
19,181
20,851
32,959
43,887
39,459
37,366
42,906
35,261
19,213
16,210
13,646
10,230
R12,479
R12,152
R8,994
R8,618
R7,100
R7,919
R8,612
R11,046
R7,559
R4,738
R7,991
R8,812
R6,731
R8,048
R8,705
R10,651
R13,133
R13,016
17,351
3,363
3,439
4,266
5,149
4,482
4,011
3,971
5,440
6,933
7,138
8,127
9,409
12,122
14,413
15,254
17,461
20,250
19,076
14,684
17,338
14,324
8,599
8,096
8,578
9,522
R11,112
R9,538
R7,992
R9,759
R9,264
R7,975
R8,943
R11,440
R11,512
R11,902
R16,942
R21,973
R17,237
R20,627
R24,060
R28,451
R32,478
R32,622
32,630
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
2
Percent
12,597
14,799
20,452
18,212
16,226
11,031
10,309
10,891
10,320
12,116
13,646
13,758
14,985
16,551
16,099
20,785
27,953
26,379
24,355
25,884
21,211
12,799
11,167
10,119
8,236
R8,226
R7,461
R5,847
R6,075
R5,063
R4,804
R4,877
R5,855
R4,754
R3,518
R4,130
R4,546
R3,721
R3,924
R4,012
R4,645
R5,231
R5,187
5,646
37,312
42,050
55,150
45,619
38,773
28,010
26,133
27,709
27,420
32,901
38,721
40,855
45,852
50,145
52,204
71,205
92,090
84,914
76,405
86,128
70,796
40,611
35,473
32,343
27,988
R31,817
R29,151
R22,833
R24,452
R21,427
R20,698
R22,432
R28,341
R23,825
R20,158
R29,063
R35,331
R27,689
R32,599
R36,777
R43,747
R50,842
R50,825
55,627
66.2
64.8
62.9
60.1
58.2
60.6
60.6
60.7
62.4
63.2
64.8
66.3
67.3
67.0
69.2
70.8
69.6
68.9
68.1
69.9
70.0
68.5
68.5
68.7
70.6
R74.1
R74.4
R74.4
R75.2
R76.4
R76.8
R78.3
R79.3
R80.0
R82.5
R85.8
R87.1
R86.6
88.0
R89.1
R89.4
R89.7
R89.8
89.9
3
Dry Holes
Average Depth
4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
79,428
92,695
121,148
86,568
73,322
56,859
49,109
49,269
44,416
52,025
66,819
68,892
75,451
77,041
82,688
125,262
172,167
149,674
136,849
162,653
137,728
76,825
66,358
58,639
43,266
R55,943
R55,368
R45,034
R43,857
R38,300
R40,667
R42,114
R56,134
R38,471
R21,900
R36,702
R43,122
R30,842
R38,495
R42,032
R51,511
R63,649
R66,527
88,382
See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.
See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.
See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.
R=Revised. E=Estimate.
Notes: • Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells
only, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are
excluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for
well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970
forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data for
recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy Information
Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. • Revisions for 1990-2007 are due to
2
Natural Gas
3
12,437
13,685
19,930
28,246
24,931
23,623
23,460
30,006
38,045
38,449
44,454
49,113
63,686
75,841
80,468
92,106
108,353
107,149
78,108
91,480
76,293
45,039
42,584
45,363
49,081
R56,829
R50,238
R44,301
R58,130
R58,108
R49,600
R56,050
R71,416
R70,082
R60,096
R83,414
R110,523
R92,885
R115,833
R138,503
R164,353
R193,595
R212,753
212,079
43,754
50,977
85,103
77,361
76,629
58,074
54,685
58,556
55,761
62,899
69,220
68,977
76,728
85,788
81,642
99,575
134,934
123,746
105,222
119,860
100,388
60,961
53,588
52,517
42,099
R42,511
R37,817
R29,451
R31,090
R27,756
R26,395
R27,828
R33,735
R28,561
R20,617
R24,060
R26,072
R21,129
R22,539
R23,462
R25,104
R28,154
R28,931
31,280
2
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well
135,619
157,358
226,182
192,176
174,882
138,556
127,253
137,831
138,223
153,374
180,494
186,982
215,866
238,669
244,798
316,943
415,454
380,569
320,179
373,993
314,409
182,825
162,530
156,519
134,446
R155,283
R143,424
R118,786
R133,078
R124,163
R116,662
R125,992
R161,286
R137,114
R102,613
R144,175
R179,716
R144,856
R176,867
R203,997
R240,969
R285,398
R308,210
331,740
3,720
3,893
3,981
3,889
4,059
4,385
4,126
4,330
4,369
3,812
3,943
3,895
4,025
4,017
3,966
3,801
3,923
3,793
3,662
3,791
3,906
3,999
4,094
4,297
4,229
R4,483
R4,556
R5,007
R5,089
R5,394
R5,135
R4,890
R5,082
R5,089
R4,622
R4,593
R4,894
R4,582
R4,783
R4,829
R4,836
R4,846
R5,111
5,094
3,698
3,979
4,672
5,486
5,562
5,860
5,890
5,516
5,488
5,387
5,470
5,220
5,254
5,262
5,275
5,275
5,351
5,617
5,319
5,276
5,326
5,238
5,260
5,288
5,154
R5,114
R5,267
R5,543
R5,957
R6,272
R6,219
R6,267
R6,243
R6,088
R5,049
R4,923
R5,030
R5,389
R5,616
R5,757
R5,777
R5,961
R6,522
6,500
3,473
3,445
4,161
4,248
4,723
5,265
5,305
5,377
5,403
5,191
5,073
5,014
5,120
5,183
5,071
4,791
4,827
4,691
4,320
4,631
4,733
4,763
4,799
5,190
5,112
R5,168
R5,069
R5,037
R5,118
R5,482
R5,494
R5,706
R5,762
R6,008
R5,861
R5,826
R5,735
R5,678
R5,744
R5,848
R5,405
R5,382
R5,578
5,540
3,635
3,742
4,101
4,213
4,510
4,943
4,858
4,974
5,041
4,662
4,661
4,577
4,708
4,760
4,689
4,451
4,511
4,482
4,191
4,342
4,441
4,502
4,582
4,839
4,804
R4,881
R4,920
R5,202
R5,442
R5,795
R5,636
R5,617
R5,691
R5,755
R5,090
R4,961
R5,087
R5,232
R5,426
R5,547
R5,508
R5,613
R6,064
5,964
updates through September 2008 in the source files, including the addition of data for new wells that are
classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not included in this table. • Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: •
1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil, "Forecast-Review" issue.
• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United
States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—EIA computations based on well reports
submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,
Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Table 5.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
107
Figure 4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2008
Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type
Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well Type
15
80
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
60
10
Dry Holes
Dry Holes
40
5
Crude Oil Wells
20
Natural Gas Wells
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Exploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Type
10
8
8
Thousand Feet per Well
10
Thousand Feet Per Well
Natural Gas Wells
0
1950
6
4
2
Natural Gas Wells
6
Dry Holes
Crude Oil
Wells
4
2
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7
for development wells only.
108
Crude Oil Wells
1950
1960
Source: Table 4.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
2
Natural Gas
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005E
2006E
2007E
2008E
1
3
Dry Holes
4
Total
Number
1,406
1,583
2,236
1,321
946
757
659
685
642
859
982
1,086
1,164
1,171
1,321
1,777
2,651
2,437
2,030
2,209
1,680
1,084
926
855
607
R778
R673
R571
R539
R595
R570
R489
R491
R327
R196
R288
R356
R257
R353
R386
R532
R671
R832
950
424
431
874
868
515
477
470
656
1,067
1,190
1,248
1,346
1,548
1,771
1,907
2,099
2,522
2,133
1,605
1,528
1,200
797
756
747
706
R812
R648
R513
R609
R780
R557
R576
R561
R566
R565
R658
R1,047
R843
R997
R1,681
R2,154
R2,590
R3,386
2,893
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
2
Percent
7,228
8,292
11,832
9,515
8,005
6,162
5,952
6,134
5,952
6,833
7,129
6,772
7,283
7,965
7,437
9,081
12,400
11,307
10,206
11,321
8,954
5,567
5,052
4,711
3,934
R3,650
R3,189
R2,381
R2,328
R2,240
R2,023
R1,955
R2,111
R1,588
R1,156
R1,339
R1,715
R1,275
R1,287
R1,335
R1,452
R1,528
R1,630
1,786
9,058
10,306
14,942
11,704
9,466
7,396
7,081
7,475
7,661
8,882
9,359
9,204
9,995
10,907
10,665
12,957
17,573
15,877
13,841
15,058
11,834
7,448
6,734
6,313
5,247
R5,240
R4,510
R3,465
R3,476
R3,615
R3,150
R3,020
R3,163
R2,481
R1,917
R2,285
R3,118
R2,375
R2,637
R3,402
R4,138
R4,789
R5,848
5,629
20.2
19.5
20.8
18.7
15.4
16.7
15.9
17.9
22.3
23.1
23.8
26.4
27.1
27.0
30.3
29.9
29.4
28.8
26.3
24.8
24.3
25.3
25.0
25.4
25.0
R30.3
R29.3
R31.3
R33.0
R38.0
R35.8
R35.3
R33.3
R36.0
R39.7
R41.4
R45.0
R46.3
R51.2
R60.8
R64.9
R68.1
R72.1
68.3
3
Dry Holes
Average Depth
4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
5,950
6,862
10,774
6,829
5,366
4,729
3,786
4,028
4,008
5,029
5,806
6,527
6,870
7,105
7,941
10,177
15,515
13,413
10,437
12,294
9,854
6,579
5,652
5,286
3,659
R5,320
R4,469
R3,957
R3,572
R3,970
R3,934
R3,655
R3,946
R2,740
R1,428
R2,095
R2,608
R1,738
R2,453
R3,141
R4,262
R4,998
R6,271
7,389
See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.
See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.
See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.
R=Revised. E=Estimate.
Notes: • Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells
combined, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in
a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum
Institute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given
year. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting
of wells drilled. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing
2
Natural Gas
3
2,409
2,356
5,212
5,466
3,757
3,678
3,610
4,847
7,038
7,683
8,422
9,121
10,255
11,798
12,643
13,862
17,079
14,763
10,264
9,935
8,144
5,401
5,064
4,992
4,664
R5,765
R4,615
R3,543
R3,947
R5,120
R3,489
R3,901
R4,032
R4,092
R3,963
R4,834
R7,318
R5,729
R6,569
R9,998
R12,347
R14,945
R19,982
17,066
26,439
30,957
53,220
43,535
40,081
35,123
34,499
36,081
34,571
38,603
40,448
37,969
40,823
46,295
42,512
50,249
69,214
60,680
48,989
58,624
47,604
30,325
26,746
27,079
21,947
R20,752
R18,042
R13,047
R13,465
R13,288
R11,922
R12,134
R13,499
R10,809
R7,671
R9,194
R11,387
R8,663
R8,763
R9,243
R9,347
R9,688
R10,281
11,130
2
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well
34,798
40,175
69,206
55,831
49,204
43,530
41,895
44,956
45,618
51,315
54,677
53,617
57,949
65,197
63,096
74,288
101,808
88,856
69,690
80,853
65,602
42,305
37,462
37,357
30,270
R31,837
R27,127
R20,548
R20,984
R22,377
R19,345
R19,690
R21,478
R17,641
R13,062
R16,123
R21,313
R16,130
R17,785
R22,382
R25,955
R29,630
R36,534
35,585
4,232
4,335
4,819
5,170
5,672
6,247
5,745
5,880
6,243
5,855
5,913
6,010
5,902
6,067
6,011
5,727
5,853
5,504
5,141
5,565
5,865
6,069
6,104
6,182
6,028
R6,838
R6,641
R6,930
R6,627
R6,671
R6,901
R7,474
R8,037
R8,378
R7,283
R7,275
R7,326
R6,761
R6,950
R8,136
R8,011
R7,448
R7,537
7,778
5,682
5,466
5,964
6,298
7,295
7,695
7,649
7,400
6,596
6,456
6,748
6,777
6,625
6,662
6,630
6,604
6,772
6,921
6,395
6,502
6,787
6,777
6,698
6,683
6,606
R7,100
R7,122
R6,907
R6,482
R6,564
R6,264
R6,773
R7,188
R7,230
R7,015
R7,347
R6,990
R6,796
R6,589
R5,948
R5,732
R5,770
R5,901
5,899
3,658
3,733
4,498
4,575
5,007
5,700
5,796
5,882
5,808
5,649
5,674
5,607
5,605
5,812
5,716
5,533
5,582
5,367
4,800
5,178
5,317
5,447
5,294
5,748
5,579
R5,685
R5,658
R5,480
R5,784
R5,932
R5,893
R6,207
R6,395
R6,807
R6,636
R6,866
R6,640
R6,795
R6,809
R6,924
R6,437
R6,340
R6,307
6,232
3,842
3,898
4,632
4,770
5,198
5,885
5,915
6,015
5,955
5,777
5,842
5,825
5,798
5,978
5,916
5,733
5,793
5,597
5,035
5,369
5,544
5,680
5,563
5,917
5,769
R6,076
R6,015
R5,930
R6,037
R6,190
R6,141
R6,520
R6,790
R7,110
R6,814
R7,056
R6,836
R6,792
R6,744
R6,579
R6,272
R6,187
R6,247
6,322
data. • Revisions for 1990-2007 are due to updates through September 2008 in the source files, including
the addition of data for new wells that are classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not
included in this table. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Average
depth may not equal average of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources:
•
1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil, "Forecast-Review" issue.
• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United
States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—EIA computations based on well reports
submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,
Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Table 5.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
109
Figure 4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2008
Development Footage Drilled by Well Type
50
250
40
200
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
Development Wells Drilled by Well Type
30
Crude Oil Wells
20
1950
1960
Crude Oil Wells
50
Natural Gas Wells
0
1970
Dry Holes
Natural Gas Wells
0
1980
1990
2000
Development Wells Average Depth, All Wells
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Development Wells Average Depth by Well Type
8
Thousand Feet per Well
8
Thousand Feet per Well
100
Dry Holes
10
6
4
2
0
Natural Gas Wells
6
4
Crude Oil Wells
Dry Holes
2
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: These graphs depict development wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure
4.6 for exploratory wells only.
110
150
1950
1960
Source: Table 4.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
2
Natural Gas
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005E
2006E
2007E
2008E
1
3
Dry Holes
4
Total
Number
19,946
22,229
28,196
20,937
17,119
12,211
11,194
10,693
9,525
12,788
15,966
16,602
17,581
18,010
19,530
31,182
41,236
37,022
35,336
40,697
33,581
18,129
15,284
12,791
9,623
R11,701
R11,479
R8,423
R8,079
R6,505
R7,349
R8,123
R10,555
R7,232
R4,542
R7,703
R8,456
R6,474
R7,695
R8,319
R10,119
R12,462
R12,184
16,401
2,939
3,008
3,392
4,281
3,967
3,534
3,501
4,784
5,866
5,948
6,879
8,063
10,574
12,642
13,347
15,362
17,728
16,943
13,079
15,810
13,124
7,802
7,340
7,831
8,816
R10,300
R8,890
R7,479
R9,150
R8,484
R7,418
R8,367
R10,879
R10,946
R11,337
R16,284
R20,926
R16,394
R19,630
R22,379
R26,297
R29,888
R29,236
29,737
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
2
Percent
5,369
6,507
8,620
8,697
8,221
4,869
4,357
4,757
4,368
5,283
6,517
6,986
7,702
8,586
8,662
11,704
15,553
15,072
14,149
14,563
12,257
7,232
6,115
5,408
4,302
R4,576
R4,272
R3,466
R3,747
R2,823
R2,781
R2,922
R3,744
R3,166
R2,362
R2,791
R2,831
R2,446
R2,637
R2,677
R3,193
R3,703
R3,557
3,860
28,254
31,744
40,208
33,915
29,307
20,614
19,052
20,234
19,759
24,019
29,362
31,651
35,857
39,238
41,539
58,248
74,517
69,037
62,564
71,070
58,962
33,163
28,739
26,030
22,741
R26,577
R24,641
R19,368
R20,976
R17,812
R17,548
R19,412
R25,178
R21,344
R18,241
R26,778
R32,213
R25,314
R29,962
R33,375
R39,609
R46,053
R44,977
49,998
81.0
79.5
78.6
74.4
71.9
76.4
77.1
76.5
77.9
78.0
77.8
77.9
78.5
78.1
79.1
79.9
79.1
78.2
77.4
79.5
79.2
78.2
78.7
79.2
81.1
R82.8
R82.7
R82.1
R82.1
R84.2
R84.2
R84.9
R85.1
R85.2
R87.1
R89.6
91.2
R90.3
R91.2
R92.0
R91.9
R92.0
R92.1
92.3
3
Dry Holes
Average Depth
4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
73,478
85,833
110,374
79,739
67,956
52,130
45,323
45,241
40,408
46,996
61,013
62,365
68,581
69,936
74,747
115,085
156,652
136,261
126,412
150,359
127,874
70,246
60,706
53,353
39,607
R50,623
R50,899
R41,077
R40,285
R34,330
R36,734
R38,460
R52,188
R35,731
R20,473
R34,607
R40,514
R29,104
R36,042
R38,892
R47,249
R58,651
R60,256
80,993
See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.
See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.
See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.
R=Revised. E=Estimate.
Notes: • Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells
combined, and Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are
excluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for
well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970
forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data for
recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy Information
Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. • Revisions for 1990-2007 are due to
2
Natural Gas
3
10,028
11,329
14,718
22,780
21,174
19,945
19,850
25,159
31,007
30,766
36,032
39,992
53,431
64,043
67,825
78,244
91,274
92,386
67,844
81,545
68,149
39,638
37,520
40,371
44,417
R51,064
R45,623
R40,758
R54,183
R52,988
R46,111
R52,149
R67,384
R65,990
R56,133
R78,579
R103,204
R87,156
R109,263
R128,505
R152,006
R178,650
R192,771
195,013
17,315
20,020
31,883
33,826
36,548
22,951
20,186
22,475
21,190
24,296
28,772
31,008
35,905
39,493
39,130
49,326
65,720
63,066
56,233
61,236
52,784
30,636
26,842
25,438
20,152
R21,759
R19,774
R16,404
R17,625
R14,468
R14,473
R15,694
R20,236
R17,752
R12,946
R14,866
R14,684
R12,466
R13,777
R14,219
R15,758
R18,466
R18,650
20,149
2
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well
100,821
117,183
156,976
136,345
125,678
95,026
85,358
92,875
92,605
102,059
125,817
133,365
157,917
173,472
181,702
242,655
313,646
291,713
250,489
293,140
248,807
140,520
125,068
119,162
104,176
R123,447
R116,296
R98,238
R112,093
R101,786
R97,317
R106,302
R139,808
R119,473
R89,551
R128,052
R158,402
R128,726
R159,082
R181,615
R215,014
R255,768
R271,676
296,155
3,684
3,861
3,915
3,809
3,970
4,269
4,049
4,231
4,242
3,675
3,821
3,756
3,901
3,883
3,827
3,691
3,799
3,681
3,577
3,695
3,808
3,875
3,972
4,171
4,116
R4,326
R4,434
R4,877
R4,986
R5,278
R4,998
R4,735
R4,944
R4,941
R4,507
R4,493
R4,791
R4,496
R4,684
R4,675
R4,669
R4,706
R4,945
4,938
3,412
3,766
4,339
5,321
5,337
5,644
5,670
5,259
5,286
5,173
5,238
4,960
5,053
5,066
5,082
5,093
5,149
5,453
5,187
5,158
5,193
5,080
5,112
5,155
5,038
R4,958
R5,132
R5,450
R5,922
R6,246
R6,216
R6,233
R6,194
R6,029
R4,951
R4,826
R4,932
R5,316
R5,566
R5,742
R5,780
R5,977
R6,594
6,558
3,225
3,077
3,699
3,889
4,446
4,714
4,633
4,725
4,851
4,599
4,415
4,439
4,662
4,600
4,517
4,214
4,226
4,184
3,974
4,205
4,306
4,236
4,390
4,704
4,684
R4,755
R4,629
R4,733
R4,704
R5,125
R5,204
R5,371
R5,405
R5,607
R5,481
R5,326
R5,187
R5,096
R5,224
R5,311
R4,935
R4,987
R5,243
5,220
3,568
3,691
3,904
4,020
4,288
4,610
4,480
4,590
4,687
4,249
4,285
4,214
4,404
4,421
4,374
4,166
4,209
4,225
4,004
4,125
4,220
4,237
4,352
4,578
4,581
R4,645
R4,720
R5,072
R5,344
R5,714
R5,546
R5,476
R5,553
R5,598
R4,909
R4,782
R4,917
R5,085
R5,309
R5,442
R5,428
R5,554
R6,040
5,923
updates through September 2008 in the source files, including the addition of data for new wells that are
classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not included in this table. • Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: •
1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil, "Forecast-Review" issue.
• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United
States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—EIA computations based on well reports
submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,
Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Table 5.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
111
Figure 4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled
Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2007
Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2007
5,000
800
4,000
3,000
Dollars
Thousand Dollars
600
400
2,000
200
1,000
Real¹
Real¹
0
1960
Nominal²
Nominal²
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
Costs per Well by Well Type, 2007
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2007
7,000
1,200
1,132
6,131
1,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
4,172
3,907
3,000
Nominal Dollars²
Thousand Nominal Dollars²
6,000
800
717
688
604
600
400
2,000
200
1,000
0
0
Crude Oil
1
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
All
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.
112
Crude Oil
2
Natural Gas
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Source: Table 4.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Dry Holes
All
2005
Table 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2007
Thousand Dollars per Well
Crude Oil
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
Nominal
52.2
51.3
54.2
51.8
50.6
56.6
62.2
66.6
79.1
86.5
86.7
78.4
93.5
103.8
110.2
138.6
151.1
170.0
208.0
243.1
272.1
336.3
347.4
283.8
262.1
270.4
284.9
246.0
279.4
282.3
321.8
346.9
362.3
356.6
409.5
415.8
341.0
445.6
566.0
783.0
593.4
729.1
882.8
1,037.3
1,441.8
1,920.4
2,238.6
4,000.4
1
4
Natural Gas
Nominal
102.7
94.7
97.1
92.4
104.8
101.9
133.8
141.0
148.5
154.3
160.7
166.6
157.8
155.3
189.2
262.0
270.4
313.5
374.2
443.1
536.4
698.6
864.3
608.1
489.8
508.7
522.9
380.4
460.3
457.8
471.3
506.6
426.1
521.2
535.1
629.7
616.0
728.6
815.6
798.4
756.9
896.5
991.9
1,106.0
1,716.4
1,497.6
1,936.2
3,906.9
4
2
Dry Holes
Nominal
44.0
45.2
50.8
48.2
48.5
53.1
56.9
61.5
66.2
70.2
80.9
86.8
94.9
105.8
141.7
177.2
190.3
230.2
281.7
339.6
376.5
464.0
515.4
366.5
329.2
372.3
389.2
259.1
366.4
355.4
367.5
441.2
357.6
387.7
491.5
481.2
541.0
655.6
973.2
1,115.5
1,075.4
1,620.4
1,673.4
2,065.1
1,977.3
2,392.9
2,664.6
6,131.2
Dollars per Foot
3
4
All
Nominal
54.9
54.5
58.6
55.0
55.8
60.6
68.4
72.9
81.5
88.6
94.9
94.7
106.4
117.2
138.7
177.8
191.6
227.2
280.0
331.4
367.7
453.7
514.4
371.7
326.5
349.4
364.6
279.6
354.7
362.2
383.6
421.5
382.6
426.8
483.2
513.4
496.1
603.9
769.1
856.1
754.6
943.2
1,054.2
1,199.5
1,673.1
1,720.7
2,101.7
4,171.7
4
Crude Oil
Real
5
261.1
256.2
271.8
252.4
252.2
269.1
295.1
305.1
327.0
338.7
344.6
327.6
352.8
367.8
399.5
467.9
476.7
531.4
611.8
668.8
680.4
767.4
820.0
570.1
482.5
501.2
511.7
382.0
468.6
461.1
470.2
499.1
442.9
482.9
535.4
557.4
528.6
632.9
797.2
874.8
754.6
921.1
1,011.9
1,127.4
1,528.5
R1,522.3
R1,801.3
3,481.8
See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.
See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
3 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.
4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised.
2
1
Nominal
4
13.22
13.11
13.41
13.20
13.12
13.94
15.04
16.61
18.63
19.28
19.29
18.41
20.77
22.54
27.82
34.17
37.35
41.16
49.72
58.29
66.36
80.40
86.34
72.65
66.32
66.78
68.35
58.35
62.28
64.92
69.17
73.75
69.50
67.52
70.57
78.09
70.60
90.48
108.88
156.45
125.96
153.72
194.55
221.13
298.45
314.36
402.45
717.13
Natural Gas
Nominal
18.57
17.65
18.10
17.19
18.57
18.35
21.75
23.05
24.05
25.58
26.75
27.70
27.78
27.46
34.11
46.23
49.78
57.57
68.37
80.66
95.16
122.17
146.20
108.37
88.80
93.09
93.02
69.55
84.65
86.86
90.73
93.10
72.83
83.15
81.90
95.97
98.67
117.55
127.94
138.42
138.39
172.05
175.78
189.95
284.78
280.03
348.36
604.06
4
2
Dry Holes 3
Nominal
4
10.56
10.56
11.20
10.58
10.64
11.21
12.34
12.87
12.88
13.23
15.21
16.02
17.28
19.22
26.76
33.86
36.94
43.49
52.55
64.60
73.70
90.03
104.09
79.10
67.18
73.69
76.53
51.05
66.96
67.61
67.49
83.05
67.82
72.56
86.60
84.60
95.74
115.09
157.79
182.99
181.83
271.63
284.17
345.94
327.91
429.92
479.33
1,132.09
All
Nominal
13.01
12.85
13.31
12.69
12.86
13.44
14.95
15.97
16.83
17.56
18.84
19.03
20.76
22.50
28.93
36.99
40.46
46.81
56.63
67.70
77.02
94.30
108.73
83.34
71.90
75.35
76.88
58.71
70.23
73.55
76.07
82.64
70.27
75.30
79.49
87.22
88.92
107.83
128.97
152.02
142.16
181.94
195.31
216.27
292.57
306.50
378.03
688.30
4
Real 5
61.83
60.39
61.71
58.22
58.11
59.64
64.51
66.84
67.56
67.15
68.42
65.82
68.82
70.65
83.31
97.34
100.66
109.49
123.76
136.64
142.52
159.51
173.34
127.81
106.27
108.09
107.90
80.21
92.78
93.63
93.23
97.86
81.35
85.20
88.07
94.70
94.74
113.01
133.69
155.33
142.16
177.68
187.46
203.25
267.28
R271.16
R324.00
574.46
Notes: • The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in more
recent surveys. • Average cost is the arithmetic mean and includes all costs for drilling and equipping
wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exploratory and development wells; excludes
service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in
Glossary.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.api.org/statistics/accessapi/surveys/index.cfm.
Source: American Petroleum Institute, 2007 Joint Association Survey on Drilling Costs (January 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
113
Figure 4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and
Exploration and Development Expenditures
Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2007
12
Billion Barrels COE¹
10
8
U.S. Total
6
4
2
-2
1974
Major U.S. Energy Companies-United States
Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign
0
1977
1980
1983
1986
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development
Expenditures, 1974-2007
1989
1992
Major U.S. Energy
Companies–United States
60
40
20
Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign
0
1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Crude oil equivalent.
See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.
Nominal Dollars² per Barrel COE¹
Billion Nominal Dollars ²
80
114
2001
2004
2007
28
100
2
1998
Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions, 1975-2006
Three-Year Moving Average
120
1
1995
21
Major U.S. Energy Companies–
United States
14
7
Major U.S. Energy
Companies–Foreign
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table
3.14.
Source: Table 4.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,
and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2007
Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1
of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids
Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Exploration and Development Expenditures
Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions,
Three-Year Moving Average
Major U.S. Energy Companies 2
Major U.S. Energy Companies 2
Major U.S. Energy Companies 2
U.S. Total
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
United States
Million Barrels COE
NA
3,846
3,224
3,765
3,679
5,071
6,723
7,304
5,030
6,412
6,653
6,190
4,866
6,059
7,156
5,385
6,275
4,227
5,006
4,814
6,021
6,558
6,707
7,233
3,628
7,929
8,725
7,449
7,056
5,189
6,624
8,543
R6,479
11,745
2,205
-634
1,663
2,210
2,383
1,378
2,590
2,848
2,482
3,427
3,941
73,129
2,178
73,698
3,359
2,798
2,979
1,772
1,332
1,945
2,703
2,929
2,131
1,367
2,798
1,197
4,392
4,271
2,232
2,216
2,825
3,818
R2,175
3,560
Foreign
United States
3
Billion Nominal Dollars
NA
NA
1,459
1,055
1,191
51,208
1,977
1,006
1,332
1,918
1,298
1,192
51,375
2,516
2,460
2,043
2,355
2,135
1,694
2,147
3,173
2,799
3,280
3,279
5,206
3,360
3,593
6,744
3,036
4,047
841
1,664
2,747
985
1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production.
See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas
Liquids" in Glossary.
2 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS) (see Table 3.14).
3 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See
Appendix A.
4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data
for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions.
6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated with
mergers among the FRS companies.
8.7
7.8
9.5
10.7
11.8
21.3
26.2
33.0
39.1
27.1
48.1
28.5
17.4
14.3
21.0
15.0
15.1
14.2
10.3
10.9
12.6
12.4
14.6
21.8
24.4
13.5
48.0
33.9
31.8
27.2
32.4
46.6
R96.7
64.4
Foreign
4
3.8
5.3
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.8
11.0
12.4
14.2
10.7
17.3
10.1
7.5
9.2
13.0
14.1
13.6
13.7
12.9
12.5
11.9
13.2
16.6
17.9
26.4
17.5
28.8
35.9
31.4
28.2
25.3
47.3
R59.2
42.7
United States
Foreign
4
Nominal Dollars per Barrel COE 3
NA
8.05
8.64
5.12
7.34
9.34
11.80
11.63
610.62
9.20
68.21
78.27
6.67
74.58
5.05
5.62
5.87
6.52
7.02
5.66
4.74
5.11
7.61
9.67
11.15
10.25
9.67
10.44
10.65
12.57
11.99
R19.93
R21.75
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.64
5.73
55.75
7.45
8.74
68.78
9.28
68.63
9.03
55.28
4.69
5.18
5.94
6.34
6.50
6.55
5.33
4.63
4.51
5.10
5.18
5.22
5.98
6.01
7.19
6.91
10.71
15.38
R25.09
R27.64
NA
7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1,477 million barrels COE and 2,396 million
barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas reserves.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
Sources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1997.
• 1977 forward—EIA,
Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. U.S. Total, Gross Additions to Proved
Reserves: • 1975-1979—American Gas Association, American Petroleum Institute, and Canadian
Petroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids, and Natural Gas in
the United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). • 1980 forward—EIA,
U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
115
Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and
Development by Region
Total, 1974-2007
U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2007
100
120
80
40
0
75
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
160
U.S. Onshore and Offshore, 1977-2007
75
50
United States
25
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
50
Onshore
25
Offshore
Foreign
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Region, 2007
75
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
64.4
50
25
12.5
5.8
8.1
6.8
3.4
3.2
2.9
0
United States
1
Canada
Europe²
Eurasia³
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Includes all Europe except countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.
3
Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Eurasia” and “Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.
4
This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
2
116
Africa
Middle East
Other Eastern
Hemisphere4
Other Western
Hemisphere5
5
This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°
longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and
natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).
See Table 3.14.
Source: Table 4.10.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development
by Region, 1974-2007 (Billion Nominal Dollars 1)
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
Foreign
Onshore
Offshore
Total
Canada
NA
NA
NA
6.7
7.5
13.0
16.8
19.9
27.2
16.0
32.1
20.0
12.5
9.7
12.9
9.0
10.2
9.6
7.3
7.2
7.8
7.7
7.9
13.0
13.5
6.6
27.1
24.2
22.3
14.7
21.9
35.2
R69.9
50.3
NA
NA
NA
4.0
4.3
8.3
9.4
13.0
11.9
11.1
16.0
8.5
4.9
4.5
8.1
6.0
4.9
4.6
3.0
3.7
4.8
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.0
6.9
21.0
9.6
9.5
12.5
10.5
11.3
R26.8
14.1
8.7
7.8
9.5
10.7
11.8
21.3
26.2
33.0
39.1
27.1
48.1
28.5
17.4
14.3
21.0
15.0
15.1
14.2
10.3
10.9
12.6
12.4
14.6
21.8
24.4
13.5
48.0
33.9
31.8
27.2
32.4
46.6
R96.7
64.4
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.3
3.1
1.8
1.9
1.6
5.4
1.9
1.1
1.9
5.4
6.3
1.8
1.7
1.1
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.0
4.8
2.1
4.9
15.3
6.7
4.9
5.3
9.1
17.0
5.8
Europe
NA
NA
NA
2.5
2.6
3.0
4.3
5.0
6.3
4.3
5.5
3.7
3.2
3.0
4.3
3.5
6.6
6.8
6.8
5.5
4.4
5.2
5.6
7.1
8.6
4.1
7.5
5.4
9.8
5.7
4.4
6.1
29.0
8.1
2
Eurasia
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
.3
.3
.4
.5
.6
1.3
.6
.9
.9
1.3
2.1
2.0
6.3
32.4
2.9
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Through 2005, includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (the Federal Republic
of), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2006, includes all Europe except countries that were part of
the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
3 Through 2005, includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. as well as Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, and
Slovenia. Beginning in 2006, includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia"
and "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and
that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
2
3
Africa
NA
NA
NA
.7
.8
.8
1.4
2.1
2.1
1.7
3.4
1.6
1.1
.8
.8
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.0
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.1
2.7
5.5
5.1
9.2
6.9
10.7
12.9
12.5
Middle
East
NA
NA
NA
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.5
.9
.3
.4
.4
.4
.6
.5
.6
.7
.4
.4
.5
.6
.9
.4
.6
.7
.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
3.1
3.2
Other
Eastern
Hemisphere 4
Other
Western
Hemisphere 5
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
.3
.4
.5
.8
1.9
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.3
1.2
2.8
1.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.8
2.4
4.1
3.0
3.9
3.4
6.8
5.0
6.2
4.2
3.8
12.0
R6.6
6.8
NA
NA
NA
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.3
1.1
.6
.5
.7
.6
.5
.7
.6
.7
.7
.6
.6
.7
.9
1.6
1.6
3.7
3.8
5.4
3.1
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.7
R8.2
3.4
3.8
5.3
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.8
11.0
12.4
14.2
10.7
17.3
10.1
7.5
9.2
13.0
14.1
13.6
13.7
12.9
12.5
11.9
13.2
16.6
17.9
26.4
17.5
28.8
35.9
31.4
28.2
25.3
47.3
R59.2
42.7
12.5
13.1
14.7
16.3
18.2
29.1
37.2
45.4
53.3
37.7
65.3
38.6
24.9
23.5
34.1
29.1
28.7
27.9
23.2
23.5
24.5
25.6
31.3
39.8
50.8
31.0
76.8
69.8
63.2
55.4
57.7
93.8
R155.9
107.1
5 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and
that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.
Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural
gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.14.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
Sources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Markets and End Use,
FRS Database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers,
annual reports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
117
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008
By Key State
By Region
350
135
Billion Short Tons
105
119
300
104
Billion Short Tons
120
90
75
63
60
45
33
30
30
27
23
16
15
12
250
200
157
150
100
100
50
12
9
0
0
Montana Illinois
Wyoming
West
Virginia
KenPenntucky sylvania
West and East of the Mississippi
Ohio
Colorado
Texas
Western
New Indiana
Mexico
By Mining Method
Interior
Appalachian
By Rank
350
350
300
300
300
350
250
250
333
260
200
150
100
200
156
150
100
Billion Short Tons
233
Billion Short Tons
256
250
Billion Short Tons
232
200
179
150
100
50
50
50
0
0
0
43
7
West of the
Mississippi
East of the
Mississippi
Underground
Surface
Source: Table 4.11.
118
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Bituminous
Subbituminous
Lignite
Anthracite
Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008
(Billion Short Tons)
Anthracite
Region and State
Underground
Bituminous Coal
Surface
Subbituminous Coal
Underground
Surface
Underground
Surface
Lignite
Surface
Total
1
Underground
Surface
Total
Appalachian ..............................................
Alabama ...................................................
Kentucky, Eastern ....................................
Ohio ..........................................................
Pennsylvania ............................................
Virginia ......................................................
West Virginia ............................................
Other 2 ......................................................
4.0
.0
.0
.0
3.8
.1
.0
.0
3.4
.0
.0
.0
3.4
.0
.0
.0
69.5
1.0
1.0
17.5
19.2
.9
28.8
1.1
22.4
2.1
9.2
5.7
.9
.5
3.6
.3
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.1
1.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
73.4
1.0
1.0
17.5
23.0
1.1
28.8
1.1
26.8
3.2
9.2
5.7
4.2
.5
3.6
.3
100.3
4.1
10.2
23.2
27.2
1.6
32.5
1.4
Interior .......................................................
Illinois ........................................................
Indiana ......................................................
Iowa ..........................................................
Kentucky, Western ...................................
Missouri ....................................................
Oklahoma .................................................
Texas ........................................................
Other 3 ......................................................
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
117.0
87.8
8.7
1.7
15.8
1.5
1.2
.0
.3
27.2
16.5
.7
.5
3.6
4.5
.3
.0
1.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.3
0.4
117.1
87.8
8.7
1.7
15.8
1.5
1.2
.0
.4
39.9
16.5
.7
.5
3.6
4.5
.3
12.3
1.5
157.1
104.3
9.4
2.2
19.4
6.0
1.5
12.3
1.9
Western .....................................................
Alaska .......................................................
Colorado ...................................................
Montana ....................................................
New Mexico ..............................................
North Dakota ............................................
Utah ..........................................................
Washington ...............................................
Wyoming ...................................................
Other 4 ......................................................
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
(s)
.0
(s)
.0
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
21.4
.6
7.6
1.4
2.7
.0
5.0
.3
3.8
.0
2.3
.1
.6
.0
.9
.0
.3
.0
.5
.0
121.2
4.8
3.7
69.6
3.5
.0
(s)
1.0
38.7
(s)
57.8
.6
.0
32.4
5.0
.0
.0
.0
19.7
(s)
29.3
(s)
4.2
15.8
.0
9.0
.0
(s)
.0
.4
142.7
5.4
11.3
71.0
6.1
.0
5.0
1.3
42.5
.0
89.3
.7
4.8
48.2
5.9
9.0
.3
.0
20.2
.4
232.0
6.1
16.1
119.1
12.1
9.0
5.3
1.3
62.7
.4
U.S. Total ...................................................
States East of the Mississippi River .........
States West of the Mississippi River ........
4.1
4.0
.1
3.4
3.4
.0
207.9
181.8
26.2
51.9
43.2
8.6
121.2
.0
121.2
57.8
.0
57.8
43.1
1.1
42.0
333.2
185.7
147.5
156.1
47.7
108.4
489.3
233.4
255.9
1
Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States.
Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee.
3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan.
4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.
(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons.
Notes: • See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology
used to produce these data. • Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzed
2
and on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in the ground as of January 1, 2008. These
coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability with current mining technologies ranges from
0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-four percent of the demonstrated reserve
base of coal in the United States is estimated to be recoverable. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Source: Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves Database.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
119
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling
Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2001 and 2004-2008
Holes Drilled, Selected Years
80
120
75
100
60
Thousands
Thousands
80
60
40
Exploration
Development
38
29
40
20
20
20
3
2
0
5
5
4
1
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Total Footage Drilled, 1949-2001 and 2004-2008
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
Footage Drilled, Selected Years
60
32
29
28
50
24
Million Feet
Million Feet
40
30
20
20
16
19
16
12
8
8
10
Exploration
Development
4
4
2
1
0
3
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1968
1978
Source: Table 4.12.
120
3
1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1988
1998
2008
Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Exploration 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Development 2
Total
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Thousands
Million Feet
Thousands
Million Feet
Thousands
Million Feet
NA
NA
NA
7.34
6.23
43.98
28.42
26.91
22.56
27.40
34.29
40.41
62.60
75.07
60.46
39.61
17.75
6.97
4.29
4.80
2.88
1.99
1.82
2.03
2.09
1.51
1.62
.94
.36
.52
.58
1.12
1.94
1.37
.27
W
.00
W
NA
W
W
1.47
4.35
5.20
0.36
.57
5.27
1.40
1.16
17.98
11.40
11.82
10.83
14.72
15.69
20.36
27.96
28.95
28.07
19.60
10.87
4.23
2.09
2.26
1.42
1.10
1.11
1.28
1.43
.87
.97
.56
.22
.34
.40
.88
1.33
.89
.18
W
.00
W
NA
W
W
.82
2.20
2.54
NA
NA
NA
24.40
7.33
14.87
10.44
9.71
11.70
12.30
21.60
27.23
30.86
29.29
30.19
20.19
8.67
3.00
3.01
.72
.77
1.85
1.99
3.18
1.75
1.91
1.57
.83
1.67
.48
1.73
3.58
5.86
5.23
2.91
W
1.02
W
NA
W
W
3.43
5.00
4.16
0.05
.21
.76
4.21
.95
5.55
4.05
3.61
5.59
6.84
9.73
14.44
17.62
19.15
13.01
8.59
3.35
1.13
1.08
.29
.34
.97
.86
1.73
.80
.81
.87
.50
.89
.32
.95
2.16
3.56
3.75
2.33
W
.66
W
NA
W
W
1.89
2.95
2.55
NA
NA
NA
31.73
13.56
58.85
38.86
36.62
34.26
39.70
55.89
67.64
93.45
104.35
90.65
59.80
26.42
9.97
7.30
5.52
3.65
3.83
3.81
5.21
3.84
3.42
3.20
1.77
2.02
1.00
2.31
4.70
7.79
6.60
3.18
1.55
1.02
W
W
2.19
3.14
4.90
9.35
9.36
0.41
.78
6.03
5.61
2.11
23.53
15.45
15.42
16.42
21.56
25.42
34.80
45.58
48.10
41.08
28.19
14.22
5.36
3.17
2.55
1.76
2.07
1.97
3.01
2.23
1.68
1.84
1.06
1.11
.66
1.35
3.05
4.88
4.64
2.50
1.02
.66
W
W
1.25
1.67
2.71
5.15
5.09
1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at
the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justify
commercial exploitation.
2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and
configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.
NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
Sources: • 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office, Statistical Data of the
Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (1983), Table VIII-5. • 1982-2002—Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2003 forward—EIA,
"Domestic Uranium Production Report" (May 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
121
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003
Reserves
(Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)
Reserves and Resources
6
Reserves
Estimated Additional Resources
Speculative Resources
Sum of Other States¹
WA
40
24
58
4.9
5
582
ND
OR
WY
Billion Pounds Uranium Oxide
363
ID
SD
106
NE
NV
UT
CO
CA
566
AZ
NM
1
122
2.2
2.2
2
1
1.4
0.9
TX
170
6
Forward-Cost Category
(nominal dollars² per pound)
$30 or Less
$50 or Less
$100 or Less
California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington.
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
2
3
1.3
Sum of AZ, CO, and UT
45
3.5
3.3
3 41
84
123
4
23
0.3
38
0
$30 or Less
$50 or Less
$100 or Less
Forward-Cost Category
(nominal dollars² per pound)
Notes: • See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. • Data are at end of year.
Source: Table 4.13.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003
(Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)
Forward-Cost 1 Category (nominal dollars 2 per pound)
Resource Category and State
$30 or Less
Reserves 3 .........................................................................................................................
New Mexico ..................................................................................................................
Wyoming .......................................................................................................................
Texas ............................................................................................................................
Arizona, Colorado, Utah ...............................................................................................
Others 4 ........................................................................................................................
$50 or Less
$100 or Less
265
84
106
6
45
24
890
341
363
23
123
40
1,414
566
582
38
170
58
Estimated Additional Resources .....................................................................................
2,180
3,310
4,850
Speculative Resources ...................................................................................................
1,310
2,230
3,480
Potential Resources 5
1 Forward costs are all operating and capital costs yet to be incurred in the production of uranium from
estimated resources. Excluded are previous expenditures (such as exploration and land acquisitions),
taxes, profit, and the cost of money. Generally, forward costs are lower than market prices. Resource
values in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includes
all reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category.
2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
3 The Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the
internationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR).
4 California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington.
5 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimates for each forward-cost category, rounded
to the nearest million pounds uranium oxide.
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Until further notice, these estimates will not be updated annually.
• See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
Sources: • Forward Costs $30 or Less and $50 or Less: EIA, "U.S. Uranium Reserves Estimates"
(June 2004). • Forward Costs $100 or Less: EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
database as of June 2004.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
123
5
Petroleum
Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2008
(Million Barrels per Day)
1
Unfinished oils, other hydrocarbons/hydrogen, and motor gasoline and aviation gasoline
blending components.
2
Net imports (1.51) and adjustments (0.39) minus stock change (0.04) and product supplied
(-0.02).
3
Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.
4
Natural gas plant liquids.
5
Production minus refinery input.
Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for
publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a-5.13d, 5.16, and Petroleum Supply Monthly,
February 2009, Table 4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
127
Figure 5.1
Petroleum Overview
Overview, 1949-2008
Overview, 2008
25
25
19.4
20
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
20
Consumption¹
15
Production²
10
15
12.9
10
6.7
5
5
Net Imports
1.8
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Production ²
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1949-2008
Imports
Exports
Consumption¹
Trade, 1949-2008
10
12
Crude Oil
Million Barrels per Day
Peak: 9.64
in 1970
6
4
5.00 in
2008
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
2
Million Barrels per Day
8
9
Crude Oil Imports
6
3
Product Imports
Exports
0
0
1950
1
2
128
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.
Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.
1950
1960
Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Production 1
Crude Oil
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Trade
2
48 States 3
Alaska
Total
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids 4
Total
Processing
Gain 5
5,046
5,407
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
9,245
9,242
9,010
8,581
8,183
7,958
7,781
7,478
7,151
6,980
6,962
6,953
6,974
7,157
7,146
6,814
6,387
6,123
5,739
5,582
5,618
5,457
5,264
5,103
5,076
5,071
5,156
5,077
4,832
4,851
4,839
4,761
4,706
4,510
4,314
4,361
R4,342
4,273
0
0
0
2
30
229
218
199
198
193
191
173
464
1,229
1,401
1,617
1,609
1,696
1,714
1,722
1,825
1,867
1,962
2,017
1,874
1,773
1,798
1,714
1,582
1,559
1,484
1,393
1,296
1,175
1,050
970
963
984
974
908
864
741
R722
683
5,046
5,407
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
9,463
9,441
9,208
8,774
8,375
8,132
8,245
8,707
8,552
8,597
8,572
8,649
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
R5,064
4,955
430
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,693
1,744
1,738
1,688
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
R1,783
1,781
5,477
5,906
7,578
7,965
9,014
11,297
11,155
11,185
10,946
10,462
10,007
9,736
9,862
10,275
10,135
10,170
10,180
10,199
10,246
10,509
10,581
10,231
9,944
9,765
9,159
8,914
9,076
8,868
8,582
8,388
8,322
8,295
8,269
8,011
7,731
7,733
7,670
7,626
7,400
7,228
6,895
6,841
R6,847
6,737
-2
2
34
146
220
359
382
388
453
480
460
477
524
496
527
597
508
531
488
553
557
616
639
655
661
683
715
772
766
768
774
837
850
886
886
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
R996
971
1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and
a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what
was previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending
components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments."
2 Includes lease condensate.
3 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
4 See Table 5.10.
5 Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8.
6 Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.
7 Net imports equal imports minus exports.
8 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includes
crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast
Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.
Imports 6
Exports
Net
Imports 7
645
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
3,926
4,741
6,256
6,112
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
R13,468
12,872
327
305
368
202
187
259
224
222
231
221
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
R1,433
1,831
318
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
3,701
4,519
6,025
5,892
5,846
7,090
8,565
8,002
7,985
6,365
5,401
4,298
4,312
4,715
4,286
5,439
5,914
6,587
7,202
7,161
6,626
6,938
7,618
8,054
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
R12,036
11,041
Stock
Change 8
Adjustments 9
-8
-56
(s)
-83
-8
103
71
-232
135
179
32
-58
548
-94
173
140
160
-147
-20
280
-103
202
41
-28
-43
107
-10
-68
151
15
-246
-151
143
239
-422
-69
325
-105
56
209
145
60
R-148
201
-38
-51
-37
-8
-10
-16
45
43
18
-2
41
101
28
-20
38
64
129
121
165
228
200
197
209
249
260
338
287
386
422
523
496
528
487
495
567
532
501
527
478
564
513
522
R653
871
Petroleum
Products
Supplied
5,763
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
15,212
16,367
17,308
16,653
16,322
17,461
18,431
18,847
18,513
17,056
16,058
15,296
15,231
15,726
15,726
16,281
16,665
17,283
17,325
16,988
16,714
17,033
17,237
17,718
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
R20,680
19,419
9 An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, fuel
ethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, Appendix B, Note 3.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," Note 2, "Adjustment
to Total Petroleum Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product
Supplied Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
129
Figure 5.2
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2008
By Geographic Location
By Site
10
8
Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)
Alaska
6
4
48 States¹
2
Offshore
8
6
4
Onshore
2
0
0
1960
1970
1980
48 States¹ and Alaska
1990
2000
Number of Producing Wells
10
800
48 States¹
6
4
2008: 525
thousand wells
400
0
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.
1980
20
1985: 647
thousand wells
200
Alaska
2
1970
1990
2000
Average Productivity
600
Thousand Wells
Million Barrels per Day
8
130
1960
Barrels per Day per Well
Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)
Total
1
Total
10
Peak: 18.6 in 1972
15
9.4
in 2008
10
5
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Source: Table 5.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2008
Geographic Location
48 States 2
Alaska
Site
Onshore
Year
1954
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Offshore
Crude Oil
3
Lease Condensate
Total
Production
Thousand Barrels per Day
6,342
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
8,183
7,958
7,781
7,478
7,151
6,980
6,962
6,953
6,974
7,157
7,146
6,814
6,387
6,123
5,739
5,582
5,618
5,457
5,264
5,103
5,076
5,071
5,156
5,077
4,832
4,851
4,839
4,761
4,706
4,510
4,314
4,361
R4,342
P4,273
0
0
2
30
229
191
173
464
1,229
1,401
1,617
1,609
1,696
1,714
1,722
1,825
1,867
1,962
2,017
1,874
1,773
1,798
1,714
1,582
1,559
1,484
1,393
1,296
1,175
1,050
970
963
984
974
908
864
741
R722
P683
6,209
6,645
6,716
7,140
8,060
7,012
6,868
7,069
7,571
7,485
7,562
7,537
7,538
7,492
7,596
7,722
7,426
7,153
6,949
6,486
6,273
6,245
5,953
5,606
5,291
5,035
4,902
4,803
4,560
4,132
4,049
3,879
3,743
3,668
3,536
3,466
3,401
R3,407
E3,585
133
162
319
665
1,577
1,362
1,264
1,176
1,136
1,067
1,034
1,034
1,110
1,196
1,283
1,250
1,254
1,196
1,191
1,127
1,082
1,172
1,218
1,241
1,370
1,525
1,562
1,648
1,692
1,750
1,773
1,923
2,003
2,012
1,883
1,712
1,701
R1,657
E1,371
6,342
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,180
8,007
7,776
7,875
8,353
8,181
8,210
8,176
8,261
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
R5,064
P4,955
See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.
United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
As of December 31.
4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in
1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.
5 Included in "Crude Oil."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
infomation.
Sources: Onshore: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement
(PS), Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
2
Crude Oil Well 1 Productivity
Type
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
457
367
356
370
355
371
386
395
387
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
6,342
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
8,375
8,132
8,245
8,707
8,552
8,597
8,572
8,649
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
R5,064
P4,955
Producing Wells 3
Average Productivity 4
Thousands
Barrels per Day per Well
511
524
591
589
531
500
499
507
517
531
548
557
580
603
621
647
623
620
612
603
602
614
594
584
582
574
574
573
562
546
534
530
529
513
510
498
497
500
P525
12.4
13.0
11.9
13.2
18.1
16.8
16.3
16.3
16.8
16.1
15.7
15.4
14.9
14.4
14.3
13.9
13.9
13.5
13.3
12.6
12.2
12.1
12.1
11.7
11.4
11.4
11.3
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.9
10.9
10.9
11.1
10.6
10.4
10.3
R10.1
P9.4
Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports.
• 2008—EIA estimate. Offshore: • 1954-1969—U.S. Geological Survey, Outer Continental Shelf
Statistics (June 1979). • 1970-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, PS, Annual, annual
reports. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, PSA,
annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimate. Producing Wells: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals
Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports,
PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Association of America, The Oil
Producing Industry in Your State. • 1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co., World Oil, February issues. All
Other Data: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports.
• 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, PSA, annual
reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
131
Figure 5.3
Petroleum Imports by Type
Total, 1949-2008
By Selected Product, 1949-2008
2.0
15
10
Crude
Oil
5
Petroleum
Products
0
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
Total
1.5
Residual
Fuel Oil
Motor Gasoline,
Including Blending
Components
1.0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
0.5
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Product, 2008
1,000
Thousand Barrels per Day
800
788
763
600
400
348
333
304
246
200
211
102
22
0
Motor Gasoline
Blending
Components
1
Unfinished Oils
Residual
Fuel Oil
Motor
Gasoline
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and
oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
LPG¹
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Source: Table 5.3.
2
132
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Jet Fuel
Asphalt and
Road Oil
Other Products²
Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Petroleum Products
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
Crude
Oil 1,2
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
421
487
782
1,015
1,238
1,324
1,681
2,216
3,244
3,477
4,105
5,287
6,615
6,356
6,519
5,263
4,396
3,488
3,329
3,426
3,201
4,178
4,674
5,107
5,843
5,894
5,782
6,083
6,787
7,063
7,230
7,508
8,225
8,706
8,731
9,071
9,328
9,140
9,665
10,088
10,126
10,118
R10,031
9,756
1
Asphalt and
Road Oil
3
5
9
17
17
17
20
25
23
31
14
11
4
2
4
4
4
5
7
18
35
29
36
31
31
32
28
27
32
37
36
27
32
28
34
28
26
27
12
43
43
50
R40
22
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 3
5
7
12
35
36
147
153
182
392
289
155
146
250
173
193
142
173
93
174
272
200
247
255
302
306
278
205
216
184
203
193
230
228
210
250
295
344
267
333
325
329
365
R304
211
(3)
(3)
(3)
34
81
144
180
194
212
163
133
76
75
86
78
80
38
29
29
62
39
57
67
90
106
108
67
82
100
117
106
111
91
124
128
162
148
107
109
127
190
186
217
102
Propane
0
0
0
NA
NA
26
32
43
71
59
60
68
86
57
88
69
70
63
44
67
67
110
88
106
111
115
91
85
103
124
102
119
113
137
122
161
140
145
168
209
233
228
R182
182
4
Total
Motor
Gasoline 5
0
0
0
4
21
52
70
89
132
123
112
130
161
123
217
216
244
226
190
195
187
242
190
209
181
188
147
131
160
183
146
166
169
194
182
215
206
183
225
263
328
332
R247
246
0
(s)
13
27
28
67
59
68
134
204
184
131
217
190
181
140
157
197
247
299
381
326
384
405
369
342
297
294
247
356
265
336
309
311
382
427
454
498
518
496
603
475
R413
304
Includes lease condensate.
Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.
3 Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Other Products."
4 Includes propylene.
5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, also
includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blending
components.
6 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical
feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and
2
Motor Gasoline
Blending
Components
0
(7)
7
( )
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
24
42
47
83
67
72
60
57
66
62
36
41
27
20
48
166
200
209
217
223
298
311
367
451
510
669
R753
788
Residual
Fuel Oil
Unfinished
Oils
Other
Products 6
Total
206
329
417
637
946
1,528
1,583
1,742
1,853
1,587
1,223
1,413
1,359
1,355
1,151
939
800
776
699
681
510
669
565
644
629
504
453
375
373
314
187
248
194
275
237
352
295
249
327
426
530
350
R372
348
10
21
15
45
92
108
124
125
137
121
36
32
31
27
59
55
112
174
234
231
318
250
299
360
348
413
413
443
491
413
349
367
353
302
317
274
378
410
335
490
582
689
R717
763
0
1
0
(s)
10
32
56
101
129
117
95
87
95
50
54
72
48
84
94
171
130
153
146
196
183
198
198
195
219
291
276
319
360
350
375
414
393
337
373
436
473
473
R375
333
224
363
466
799
1,229
2,095
2,245
2,525
3,012
2,635
1,951
2,026
2,193
2,008
1,937
1,646
1,599
1,625
1,722
2,011
1,866
2,045
2,004
2,295
2,217
2,123
1,844
1,805
1,833
1,933
1,605
1,971
1,936
2,002
2,122
2,389
2,543
2,390
2,599
3,057
3,588
3,589
R3,437
3,116
Total
Petroleum
645
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
3,926
4,741
6,256
6,112
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
R13,468
12,872
special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
7 Included in "Motor Gasoline."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: • Includes imports from U.S. possessions and territories. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
133
Figure 5.4
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin
Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2008
Selected Countries, 2008
15
2.8
2.5
2.4
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
12
Total
9
Non-OPEC
6
OPEC
2.0
1.5
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
3
0.5
0.4
0
1960
0.3
0.2
Brazil
United
Kingdom
0.0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2008
Canada Saudi
Arabia
Mexico
Venezuela
Nigeria
Iraq
Russia
Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2008
3.0
2.0
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
2.5
1.5
Saudi Arabia
Venezuela
1.0
Nigeria
0.5
0.0
1960
Iraq
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
134
2000
2005
2.0
Canada
1.5
Mexico
1.0
United Kingdom
0.5
0.0
1960
Russia
1965
1970
1975
Source: Table 5.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008
Selected OPEC 1 Countries
Persian
Gulf 2
Iraq
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
Venezuela
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries
Total
OPEC 4
Brazil
Canada
Mexico
Russia 5
United
Kingdom
Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
Imports
Imports From Imports From
Persian Gulf 2
OPEC 1
as Share of
as Share of
Total Imports Total Imports
Thousand Barrels per Day
NA
346
272
303
315
345
306
198
202
179
121
299
471
848
1,039
1,165
1,840
2,448
2,219
2,069
1,519
1,219
696
442
506
311
912
1,077
1,541
1,861
1,966
1,845
1,778
1,782
1,728
1,573
1,604
1,755
2,136
2,464
2,488
2,761
2,269
2,501
2,493
2,334
2,211
R2,163
2,373
22
25
2
1
0
16
26
5
0
0
0
11
4
4
0
2
26
74
62
88
28
(s)
3
10
12
46
81
83
345
449
518
0
0
0
0
0
1
89
336
725
620
795
459
481
656
531
553
R484
627
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
102
251
459
713
762
1,025
1,143
919
1,080
857
620
514
302
216
293
440
535
618
815
800
703
681
740
637
627
617
698
696
657
896
885
621
867
1,140
1,166
1,114
R1,134
990
84
73
74
108
131
158
147
92
74
65
30
128
190
486
461
715
1,230
1,380
1,144
1,356
1,261
1,129
552
337
325
168
685
751
1,073
1,224
1,339
1,802
1,720
1,414
1,402
1,344
1,363
1,407
1,491
1,478
1,572
1,662
1,552
1,774
1,558
1,537
1,463
R1,485
1,532
911
879
906
900
933
994
1,018
938
886
875
989
1,020
959
1,135
979
702
700
690
646
690
481
406
412
422
548
605
793
804
794
873
1,025
1,035
1,170
1,300
1,334
1,480
1,676
1,773
1,719
1,493
1,546
1,553
1,398
1,376
1,554
1,529
1,419
R1,361
1,191
1,233
1,224
1,265
1,282
1,352
1,439
1,444
1,247
1,287
1,286
1,294
1,673
2,046
2,993
3,256
3,601
5,066
6,193
5,751
5,637
4,300
3,323
2,146
1,862
2,049
1,830
2,837
3,060
3,520
4,140
4,296
4,092
4,092
4,273
4,247
4,002
4,211
4,569
4,905
4,953
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
R5,980
5,958
1
7
5
6
1
0
0
2
(s)
0
2
3
5
9
2
5
0
0
0
1
3
23
47
41
60
61
50
84
98
82
49
22
20
33
31
8
9
5
26
26
51
82
116
108
104
156
193
R200
258
Percent
120
190
250
265
299
323
384
450
506
608
766
857
1,108
1,325
1,070
846
599
517
467
538
455
447
482
547
630
770
807
848
999
931
934
1,033
1,069
1,181
1,272
1,332
1,424
1,563
1,598
1,539
1,807
1,828
1,971
2,072
2,138
2,181
2,353
R2,455
2,459
See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports
from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the
Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in
1962, also includes Indonesia and Libya; beginning in 1967, also includes United Arab Emirates; beginning
in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for 1973-1992, also includes
Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total
Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola.
Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See
"U.S.S.R." in Glossary.
16
40
49
48
47
48
45
49
45
43
42
27
21
16
8
71
87
179
318
439
533
522
685
826
748
816
699
655
747
767
755
807
830
919
984
1,068
1,244
1,385
1,351
1,324
1,373
1,440
1,547
1,623
1,665
1,662
1,705
R1,532
1,299
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
8
26
20
14
11
12
8
1
1
5
1
1
13
8
18
11
29
48
45
29
18
55
30
25
25
13
24
89
72
90
210
254
298
410
369
R414
463
(s)
1
2
3
(s)
(s)
6
11
28
20
11
10
9
15
8
14
31
126
180
202
176
375
456
382
402
310
350
352
315
215
189
138
230
350
458
383
308
226
250
365
366
324
478
440
380
396
272
R277
233
581
693
816
840
907
1,029
1,129
1,290
1,553
1,879
2,126
2,253
2,695
3,263
2,856
2,454
2,247
2,614
2,612
2,819
2,609
2,672
2,968
3,189
3,388
3,237
3,387
3,617
3,882
3,921
3,721
3,535
3,796
4,347
4,749
4,833
5,267
5,593
5,803
5,899
6,257
6,343
6,925
7,103
7,444
8,127
8,190
R7,489
6,914
1,815
1,917
2,082
2,123
2,259
2,468
2,573
2,537
2,840
3,166
3,419
3,926
4,741
6,256
6,112
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
R13,468
12,872
NA
18.0
13.0
14.3
13.9
14.0
11.9
7.8
7.1
5.7
3.5
7.6
9.9
13.6
17.0
19.2
25.2
27.8
26.5
24.5
22.0
20.3
13.6
8.8
9.3
6.1
14.7
16.1
20.8
23.1
24.5
24.2
22.5
20.7
19.2
17.8
16.9
17.3
19.9
22.7
21.7
23.3
19.7
20.4
19.0
17.0
16.1
16.1
18.4
68.0
63.8
60.8
60.4
59.8
58.3
56.1
49.2
45.3
40.6
37.8
42.6
43.2
47.8
53.3
59.5
69.3
70.3
68.8
66.7
62.2
55.4
42.0
36.9
37.7
36.1
45.6
45.8
47.6
51.4
53.6
53.7
51.9
49.6
47.2
45.3
44.4
45.0
45.8
45.6
45.4
46.6
39.9
42.1
43.4
40.7
40.2
R44.4
46.3
6 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the
crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from
refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. • Data include any
imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, P.A.D.
Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual
reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
135
Figure 5.5
Petroleum Exports by Type
Total, 1949-2008
By Selected Product, 1949-2008
2,000
600
1,500
Total
1,000
Products
500
Thousand Barrels per Day
Thousand Barrels per Day
500
Petroleum
Coke
400
300
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Residual
Fuel Oil
200
100
Crude Oil
0
Motor
Gasoline
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Product, 2008
600
527
Thousand Barrels per Day
500
395
400
355
300
200
172
100
153
67
61
60
13
0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Motor
Gasoline
Liquefied petroleum gases.
² Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,
pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
136
LPG¹
Jet Fuel
Source: Table 5.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Lubricants
Special
Naphthas
Other Products²
Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Petroleum Products
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
Crude
Oil 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
91
95
32
8
3
14
1
1
2
3
6
8
50
158
235
287
228
236
164
181
204
154
151
155
142
109
116
89
98
99
95
110
108
110
118
50
20
9
12
27
32
25
27
29
1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 2
34
35
67
27
10
2
8
3
9
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
5
74
64
51
67
100
66
69
97
109
215
219
274
234
183
190
152
124
162
173
119
112
107
110
138
215
R268
527
(2)
(2)
(s)
(s)
3
6
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
6
6
9
13
18
24
28
27
43
43
43
59
20
26
48
35
26
32
32
29
15
20
40
53
41
41
61
Propane 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
13
18
15
14
13
13
10
9
8
10
18
31
43
30
48
28
24
31
24
28
28
33
26
24
38
28
32
25
33
53
31
55
37
28
37
45
42
53
Total
4
4
12
8
21
27
26
31
27
25
26
25
18
20
15
21
42
65
73
48
62
42
38
49
35
40
41
49
43
38
58
51
50
42
50
74
44
67
56
43
53
56
57
67
Lubricants
35
39
39
43
45
44
43
41
35
33
25
26
26
27
23
23
19
16
16
15
15
23
23
26
19
20
18
16
19
22
25
34
31
25
28
26
26
33
37
41
40
55
R59
60
Motor
Gasoline 4
108
68
95
37
2
1
1
1
4
2
2
3
2
1
(s)
1
2
20
10
6
10
33
35
22
39
55
82
96
105
97
104
104
137
125
111
144
133
124
125
124
136
142
127
172
Includes lease condensate.
Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,
kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other
Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."
3 Includes propylene.
4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline.
5 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other
hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type
jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type
jet fuel.
2
Petroleum
Coke
7
7
12
19
32
84
74
85
96
113
102
103
102
111
146
136
138
156
195
193
187
238
213
231
233
220
235
216
258
261
277
285
306
267
242
319
336
337
361
350
347
366
366
395
Petrochemical
Feedstocks
Residual
Fuel Oil
0
0
0
0
5
10
14
13
19
15
22
30
24
23
31
29
26
24
20
21
19
22
20
23
26
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
44
93
51
41
54
36
33
23
14
15
12
6
13
9
33
118
209
185
190
197
147
186
200
215
211
226
193
123
125
136
102
120
138
129
139
191
177
197
205
251
283
R330
355
Special
Naphthas
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
4
4
4
5
4
3
7
4
2
5
5
11
5
3
2
1
1
2
7
12
11
15
14
4
20
21
21
22
18
16
20
23
15
22
27
21
14
18
13
Other
Products 5
15
12
18
9
20
12
12
8
8
7
6
6
7
2
3
4
4
4
3
6
4
8
7
6
15
13
9
16
20
26
25
36
44
70
52
64
50
94
89
82
94
121
140
153
Total
Total
Petroleum
236
210
336
193
184
245
223
222
229
218
204
215
193
204
236
258
367
579
575
541
577
631
613
661
717
748
885
861
904
843
855
871
896
835
822
990
951
975
1,014
1,021
1,133
1,292
R1,405
1,803
327
305
368
202
187
259
224
222
231
221
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
R1,433
1,831
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: • Includes exports to U.S. possessions and territories. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
137
Figure 5.6
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination
Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2008
By Selected Country, 1960-2008
400
1,500
Thousand Barrels per Day
Thousand Barrels per Day
2,000
Total Exports
1,000
500
Exports to
Canada and Mexico
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Mexico
300
200
Canada
100
0
1960
2005
Japan
Netherlands
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Selected Country, 2008
400
Thousand Barrels per Day
350
300
264
200
131
100
58
56
55
41
28
19
18
South
Korea
Belgium
and
Luxembourg
17
13
0
Mexico
Canada
Netherlands
Japan
Brazil
Spain
Italy
France
Source: Table 5.6.
138
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Belgium
and
Luxembourg
3
4
3
9
4
3
3
5
4
4
5
7
13
15
13
9
12
16
15
19
20
12
17
22
21
26
30
17
25
23
20
22
22
21
26
21
27
21
14
11
14
16
19
13
20
21
23
R13
18
Brazil
4
4
5
4
4
3
4
6
8
7
7
9
9
8
9
6
7
6
8
7
4
1
8
2
1
3
3
2
3
5
2
13
20
16
15
16
29
15
18
27
28
23
26
27
27
39
42
46
56
Canada
34
23
21
22
27
26
32
50
39
44
31
26
26
31
32
22
28
71
108
100
108
89
85
76
83
74
85
83
84
92
91
70
64
72
78
73
94
119
148
119
110
112
106
141
158
181
159
R189
264
France
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
4
6
6
9
9
13
11
15
24
23
18
11
11
12
12
11
17
27
9
8
11
11
18
11
8
7
10
13
12
9
18
14
13
24
28
Italy
Japan
6
5
5
8
8
7
7
9
8
9
10
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
15
14
22
32
35
39
30
39
42
29
37
48
55
38
34
35
46
32
30
30
25
34
33
29
39
32
28
39
34
41
62
59
54
58
56
40
36
51
56
47
69
39
32
34
38
27
25
25
26
34
32
38
68
104
92
108
110
120
124
122
92
95
100
105
74
76
102
95
64
84
90
62
74
69
63
56
58
54
58
Mexico
18
12
14
19
24
27
39
36
31
33
33
42
41
44
35
42
35
24
27
21
28
26
53
24
35
61
56
70
70
89
89
99
124
110
124
125
143
207
235
261
358
274
254
228
209
268
255
R279
350
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Netherlands
6
4
5
13
9
10
9
13
10
9
15
11
12
13
17
23
22
17
18
28
23
42
85
49
37
44
58
39
26
36
54
72
52
45
30
33
43
41
33
38
42
45
23
15
36
25
83
R81
131
South
Korea
Spain
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
10
28
15
17
27
12
25
24
17
60
66
80
74
66
57
60
50
33
49
20
14
11
10
12
16
21
R16
19
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
9
8
18
24
34
29
28
39
31
36
28
33
23
21
30
30
38
34
42
30
26
40
51
54
39
42
35
42
48
55
United
Kingdom
12
10
8
11
10
12
12
62
14
13
12
9
10
9
6
7
13
9
7
7
7
5
14
8
14
14
8
6
9
9
11
13
12
10
10
14
9
12
11
9
10
13
12
6
14
21
28
R9
17
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
7
2
2
2
3
4
3
6
12
22
11
86
170
220
220
212
144
152
162
113
136
147
141
101
117
95
108
104
123
72
18
4
8
10
4
9
9
10
11
10
10
13
Other
Total
52
48
50
59
55
54
49
65
55
59
71
67
59
56
48
40
39
39
42
45
70
97
165
202
182
193
222
179
226
249
240
330
315
370
338
317
318
340
317
276
277
312
354
421
408
449
543
R629
782
202
174
168
208
202
187
198
307
231
233
259
224
222
231
221
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
R1,433
1,831
Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
139
Figure 5.7
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008
Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC
By Selected Country
4
14
Total
10
8
NonOPEC
6
OPEC
4
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
12
3
Canada
and Mexico
2
Saudi Arabia
Venezuela
1
2
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
Total Net Imports as Share of Consumption
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Net Imports From OPEC
100
100
75
75
Share of
Total Net Imports
2008:
53.5%
Percent
Percent
2008: 56.9%
50
1973: 34.8%
25
50
Share of
Consumption
25
2008:
30.4%
1985: 27.3%
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
140
2005
2000
2005
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
Source: Table 5.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2008
Selected OPEC 1 Countries
Persian
Gulf 2
Algeria
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
Venezuela
Year
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries
Total
OPEC 4
Canada
Mexico
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
Net Imports From OPEC 1
Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
Net
Imports
Total Net
Imports as
Share of
Consumption 5
(8)
(8)
8
15
92
136
190
282
432
559
649
636
488
311
170
240
323
187
271
295
300
269
280
253
196
219
243
234
256
285
290
259
225
278
264
381
452
478
657
663
547
(9)
(9)
(9)
102
251
459
713
762
1,025
1,143
919
1,080
857
620
512
299
215
293
440
535
618
815
800
703
680
736
637
626
616
693
693
655
896
884
620
866
1,139
1,165
1,111
R1,133
983
84
158
30
128
189
485
461
714
1,229
1,379
1,142
1,354
1,259
1,128
551
336
324
167
685
751
1,064
1,224
1,339
1,796
1,720
1,413
1,402
1,343
1,362
1,407
1,491
1,478
1,571
1,662
1,551
1,774
1,557
1,536
1,462
R1,483
1,531
910
994
989
1,019
959
1,134
978
702
699
689
644
688
478
403
409
420
544
602
788
801
790
861
1,016
1,020
1,161
1,296
1,322
1,468
1,667
1,758
1,700
1,480
1,530
1,540
1,387
1,364
1,548
1,515
1,392
R1,339
1,164
1,232
1,438
1,294
1,671
2,044
2,991
3,254
3,599
5,063
6,190
5,747
5,633
4,293
3,315
2,136
1,843
2,037
1,821
2,828
3,055
3,513
4,124
4,285
4,065
4,071
4,253
4,233
3,980
4,193
4,542
4,880
4,934
5,181
5,510
4,589
5,144
5,688
5,567
5,480
5,946
5,903
86
297
736
831
1,082
1,294
1,038
824
571
446
359
438
347
358
397
471
547
696
721
765
916
839
843
963
1,005
1,109
1,194
1,260
1,330
1,444
1,451
1,421
1,697
1,717
1,864
1,932
1,980
2,001
2,194
R2,266
2,195
-2
21
9
-14
-20
-28
-27
29
53
155
291
418
506
497
632
802
714
755
642
585
677
678
666
707
706
809
860
943
1,101
1,178
1,116
1,063
1,015
1,166
1,292
1,395
1,456
1,394
1,450
R1,254
949
See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone
(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports
from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the
Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in
1962, also includes Indonesia and Libya; beginning in 1967, also includes United Arab Emirates; beginning
in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for 1973-1992, also includes
Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total
Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola.
Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied
(consumption).
6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports.
7 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum product
Share of
Consumption 7
Percent
Thousand Barrels per Day
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,215
692
439
502
309
909
1,074
1,529
1,858
1,962
1,833
1,773
1,774
1,723
1,563
1,596
1,747
2,132
2,459
2,483
2,758
2,265
2,497
2,489
2,330
2,208
R2,159
2,371
Share of
Total Net
Imports 6
-12
-11
-1
1
-1
6
1
7
19
117
173
196
169
370
442
374
388
295
342
346
306
206
179
125
219
340
448
369
299
214
239
356
356
311
467
434
366
375
244
R268
216
34
45
270
365
428
426
475
484
488
560
436
353
256
169
154
178
184
114
152
158
117
212
213
153
180
175
246
170
262
298
305
284
297
268
224
279
321
317
318
336
307
381
843
1,867
2,030
2,475
3,034
2,638
2,248
2,027
2,375
2,255
2,352
2,071
2,086
2,163
2,469
2,679
2,465
2,611
2,859
3,074
3,078
2,876
2,561
2,867
3,365
3,822
3,906
4,305
4,616
4,884
4,978
5,238
5,390
5,958
6,094
6,409
6,982
6,910
R6,090
5,138
1,613
2,281
3,161
3,701
4,519
6,025
5,892
5,846
7,090
8,565
8,002
7,985
6,365
5,401
4,298
4,312
4,715
4,286
5,439
5,914
6,587
7,202
7,161
6,626
6,938
7,618
8,054
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
R12,036
11,041
16.5
19.8
21.5
24.3
27.6
34.8
35.4
35.8
40.6
46.5
42.5
43.1
37.3
33.6
28.1
28.3
30.0
27.3
33.4
35.5
38.1
41.6
42.2
39.6
40.7
44.2
45.5
44.5
46.4
49.2
51.6
50.8
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.2
56.9
76.4
63.0
40.9
45.1
45.2
49.6
55.2
61.6
71.4
72.3
71.8
70.5
67.5
61.4
49.7
42.7
43.2
42.5
52.0
51.7
53.3
57.3
59.8
61.3
58.7
55.8
52.6
50.5
49.3
49.6
50.0
49.8
49.7
50.5
43.5
45.8
47.0
44.4
44.2
49.4
53.5
12.6
12.5
8.8
11.0
12.5
17.3
19.5
22.1
29.0
33.6
30.5
30.4
25.2
20.6
14.0
12.1
13.0
11.6
17.4
18.3
20.3
23.8
25.2
24.3
23.9
24.7
23.9
22.5
22.9
24.4
25.8
25.3
26.3
28.0
23.2
25.7
27.4
26.8
26.5
R28.8
30.4
supplied (consumption).
8 Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960-1968, Algeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
9 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the
crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from
refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. • Net imports equal
imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. • Data include any imports
for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, P.A.D.
Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual
reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
141
Figure 5.8
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2008
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs
Refinery and Blender Net Production of Selected Products
16
16
Crude Oil
12
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
12
8
8
Motor Gasoline
4
4
Distillate Fuel Oil
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
and Other Liquids1
Jet Fuel
Residual Fuel Oil
0
0
1950
1
142
1960
See Table 5.8, footnote 4.
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
Source: Table 5.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs 1
Year
Crude
Oil 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
5,327
5,739
7,480
8,067
9,043
10,870
11,199
11,696
12,431
12,133
12,442
13,416
14,602
14,739
14,648
13,481
12,470
11,774
11,685
12,044
12,002
12,716
12,854
13,246
13,401
13,409
13,301
13,411
13,613
13,866
13,973
14,195
14,662
14,889
14,804
15,067
15,128
14,947
15,304
15,475
15,220
15,242
R15,156
14,645
1
Natural Gas
Plant
Liquids
Other
Liquids 4
234
259
345
455
618
763
781
826
815
746
710
725
673
639
510
462
524
515
460
500
509
479
466
511
499
467
472
469
491
465
471
450
416
403
372
380
429
429
419
422
441
501
R505
487
28
19
32
61
88
121
136
168
155
138
72
59
74
92
78
81
488
572
505
581
681
711
667
610
613
713
768
745
917
691
775
843
832
853
927
849
825
941
791
866
1,149
1,238
R1,337
1,873
Refinery and Blender Net Production 2
Total
5,588
6,018
7,857
8,583
9,750
11,754
12,116
12,691
13,401
13,018
13,225
14,200
15,349
15,470
15,236
14,025
13,482
12,861
12,650
13,126
13,192
13,906
13,987
14,367
14,513
14,589
14,541
14,626
15,021
15,023
15,220
15,487
15,909
16,144
16,103
16,295
16,382
16,316
16,513
16,762
16,811
16,981
R16,999
17,006
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 5
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasoline 6
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Still
Gas
Other
Products 7
155
179
251
286
357
428
454
446
480
470
408
391
431
482
467
393
340
329
372
386
401
410
434
443
424
449
430
419
451
451
467
459
485
498
505
525
485
492
496
508
512
506
R456
412
934
1,093
1,651
1,823
2,096
2,454
2,495
2,630
2,820
2,668
2,653
2,924
3,277
3,167
3,152
2,661
2,613
2,606
2,456
2,680
2,686
2,796
2,729
2,857
2,899
2,925
2,962
2,974
3,132
3,205
3,155
3,316
3,392
3,424
3,399
3,580
3,695
3,592
3,707
3,814
3,954
4,040
R4,133
4,288
(5)
(5)
155
241
523
827
835
847
859
836
871
918
973
970
1,012
999
968
978
1,022
1,132
1,189
1,293
1,343
1,370
1,403
1,488
1,438
1,399
1,422
1,448
1,416
1,515
1,554
1,526
1,565
1,606
1,530
1,514
1,488
1,547
1,546
1,481
1,448
1,474
64
80
119
212
293
345
357
356
375
338
311
340
352
355
340
330
315
270
328
363
391
417
449
499
554
499
536
607
592
611
654
662
691
674
684
705
667
671
658
645
573
627
R655
628
2,572
2,735
3,648
4,126
4,507
5,699
5,970
6,281
6,527
6,358
6,518
6,838
7,031
7,167
6,837
6,492
6,400
6,336
6,338
6,453
6,419
6,752
6,841
6,956
6,963
6,959
6,975
7,058
7,304
7,181
7,459
7,565
7,743
7,892
7,934
7,951
8,022
8,183
8,194
8,265
8,318
8,364
R8,358
8,395
46
47
78
164
236
296
299
327
362
339
354
356
369
369
376
370
390
410
420
439
455
506
512
544
542
552
568
596
619
622
630
664
689
712
713
727
767
781
798
836
835
848
R823
816
1,164
1,165
1,152
908
736
706
753
799
971
1,070
1,235
1,377
1,754
1,667
1,687
1,580
1,321
1,070
852
891
882
889
885
926
954
950
934
892
835
826
788
726
708
762
698
696
721
601
660
655
628
635
R673
621
226
229
319
354
395
483
474
507
518
521
523
541
572
603
598
581
565
554
550
559
584
641
643
670
681
673
651
659
653
657
647
654
661
656
656
659
670
667
702
704
684
709
R697
669
425
492
518
616
827
876
861
886
940
900
811
993
1,114
1,186
1,296
1,215
1,078
839
801
776
743
818
791
758
755
778
761
796
780
790
778
764
836
886
835
793
729
771
784
838
752
764
752
674
See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary.
See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary.
3 Includes lease condensate.
4 Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation
and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net). See
Note 2, "Adjustment to Total Petroleum Products Supplied," at end of section.
5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Other Products."
6 Finished motor gasoline.
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
2
Total
5,587
6,019
7,891
8,729
9,970
12,113
12,498
13,080
13,854
13,498
13,685
14,677
15,874
15,966
15,763
14,622
13,990
13,391
13,138
13,679
13,750
14,522
14,626
15,022
15,175
15,272
15,256
15,398
15,787
15,791
15,994
16,324
16,759
17,030
16,989
17,243
17,285
17,273
17,487
17,814
17,800
17,975
R17,994
17,977
Processing
Gain
-2
2
34
146
220
359
382
388
453
480
460
477
524
496
527
597
508
531
488
553
557
616
639
655
661
683
715
772
766
768
774
837
850
886
886
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
R996
971
7 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964,
also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and special
naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
143
Figure 5.9
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2008
Number of Operable Refineries
Utilization
100
400
324 in 1981
80
85.4% in 2008
Percent
Total Units
300
200
100
150 in 2008
0
60
68.6% in 1981
40
20
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Capacity
20
Capacity¹
Unused
Capacity
Million Barrels per Day
15
10
5
Gross Input to Distillation Units
0
1955
¹ Operable refineries capacity on January 1.
144
1965
1975
1985
Source: Table 5.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1995
2005
Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Operable Refineries Capacity
Operable
Refineries 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
On January 1
Number
336
320
296
309
293
276
272
274
268
273
279
276
282
296
308
319
324
301
258
247
223
216
219
213
204
205
202
199
187
179
175
170
164
163
159
158
155
153
149
149
148
149
149
150
Annual Average 2
Thousand Barrels per Day
6,231
6,223
8,386
9,843
10,420
12,021
12,860
13,292
13,642
14,362
14,961
15,237
16,398
17,048
17,441
17,988
18,621
17,890
16,859
16,137
15,659
15,459
15,566
15,915
15,655
15,572
15,676
15,696
15,121
15,034
15,434
15,333
15,452
15,711
16,261
16,512
16,595
16,785
16,757
16,894
17,125
17,339
17,443
17,594
1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all
"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary.
2 Weighted average of monthly capacity data.
3 See Note 4, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section.
4 Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sum
of the current year’s January 1 capacity and the following year’s January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,
utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: Operable Refineries and Operable Refineries Capacity: • 1949-1961—Bureau of Mines
Gross Input
to Distillation Units 3
Utilization 4
Thousand Barrels per Day
Percent
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18,603
17,432
16,668
16,035
15,671
15,459
15,642
15,927
15,701
15,623
15,707
15,460
15,143
15,150
15,346
15,239
15,594
15,802
16,282
16,525
16,582
16,744
16,748
16,974
17,196
17,385
R17,450
17,606
5,556
5,980
7,820
8,439
9,557
11,517
11,881
12,431
13,151
12,689
12,902
13,884
14,982
15,071
14,955
13,796
12,752
12,172
11,947
12,216
12,165
12,826
13,003
13,447
13,551
13,610
13,508
13,600
13,851
14,032
14,119
14,337
14,838
15,113
15,080
15,299
15,352
15,180
15,508
15,783
15,578
15,602
R15,450
15,027
89.2
92.5
92.2
85.1
91.8
92.6
90.9
92.3
93.9
86.6
85.5
87.8
89.6
87.4
84.4
75.4
68.6
69.9
71.7
76.2
77.6
82.9
83.1
84.7
86.6
87.1
86.0
87.9
91.5
92.6
92.0
94.1
95.2
95.6
92.6
92.6
92.6
90.7
92.6
93.0
90.6
89.7
88.5
85.4
Information Circular, "Petroleum Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States."
• 1962-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports.
• 1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries in the
United States. • 1982-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Refinery
Capacity Report (June 2008), Table 1. Gross Input to Distillation Units: • 1949-1966—Bureau of
Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products" chapters.
• 1967-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports.
• 1978-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S. Territories.
• 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly
(January-December 2008 issues). Utilization: • 1949-1980—Calculated. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum
Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2008—Calculated.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
145
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production
Total, 1949-2008
By Product, 2008
2,000
800
702
Thousand Barrels per Day
Thousand Barrels per Day
NGPL¹
1,500
LPG²
1,000
500
0
600
512
400
261
200
173
134
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Ethane
Propane
Pentanes
Plus
Isobutane
Normal
Butane
By Selected Product, 1949-2008
800
Thousand Barrels per Day
Ethane
600
Propane
400
Pentanes Plus
Isobutane
200
Normal Butane
0
1950
1
2
146
1955
Natural gas plant liquids.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
Source: Table 5.10.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Finished
Petroleum
Products 1
Ethane 2
53
66
68
47
41
25
25
21
16
7
7
6
5
3
26
23
18
11
12
4
14
4
4
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
12
34
51
92
201
221
275
296
323
337
365
397
406
400
396
397
426
456
505
493
485
499
501
466
477
530
541
556
559
573
627
637
607
675
717
692
700
625
686
649
676
R709
702
Isobutane
11
13
30
45
67
84
88
92
92
92
90
82
81
75
104
105
117
109
100
99
127
128
141
144
149
151
169
189
192
195
185
192
191
181
187
188
198
201
183
168
168
163
176
173
Normal
Butane 3
Propane 2,3
Total
Pentanes
Plus 4
Total
61
69
120
161
185
248
249
249
249
244
237
227
223
210
212
210
224
204
217
203
171
157
157
167
151
149
150
137
142
136
151
150
144
148
155
160
133
131
129
152
134
136
R128
134
74
101
205
291
390
561
586
600
587
569
552
521
513
491
500
494
519
519
541
527
521
508
503
506
471
474
487
499
513
510
519
525
528
513
529
539
538
549
506
526
499
501
R507
512
155
195
390
549
734
1,095
1,144
1,215
1,225
1,227
1,217
1,195
1,214
1,182
1,216
1,205
1,256
1,258
1,314
1,334
1,313
1,277
1,300
1,319
1,237
1,250
1,336
1,365
1,402
1,400
1,428
1,494
1,499
1,450
1,547
1,605
1,562
1,581
1,444
1,532
1,451
1,476
R1,520
1,520
223
238
313
333
434
540
523
507
497
454
409
403
399
382
342
345
334
282
233
292
282
269
291
302
309
309
324
332
334
326
335
336
318
309
303
306
307
300
275
277
266
263
R263
261
430
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,693
1,744
1,738
1,688
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
R1,783
1,781
Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products.
Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30
percent propane.
3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40
percent propane.
4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant
condensate.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
2
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: • 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products" chapter. • 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual
reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
147
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type
By Selected Product, 1949-2008
10
Million Barrels per Day
8
Motor Gasoline
6
4
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG¹
2
Residual Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Product, 2008
1980
1990
1995
2000
2005
Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Products Supplied,
1949-2008
10
50
9.0
8
Million Barrels per Day
1985
40
46% in 2008
Percent
6
3.9
4
1.5
10
0.6
0.4
0
Motor
Gasoline
1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG¹
20
2.0
1.9
2
30
Jet
Fuel
Residual Petroleum
Coke
Fuel Oil
Other²
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes
plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous products, and crude oil burned as fuel.
0
1950
1960
Source: 5.11.
2
148
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Asphalt and
Road Oil
157
180
254
302
368
447
458
468
522
481
419
411
436
479
476
396
342
342
373
408
425
448
467
468
453
483
444
454
474
484
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
R494
417
Aviation
Gasoline
93
108
192
161
120
55
49
46
45
44
39
37
38
39
38
35
31
25
26
24
27
32
25
27
26
24
23
22
21
21
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel 1
902
1,082
1,592
1,872
2,126
2,540
2,661
2,913
3,092
2,948
2,851
3,133
3,352
3,432
3,311
2,866
2,829
2,671
2,690
2,845
2,868
2,914
2,976
3,122
3,157
3,021
2,921
2,979
3,041
3,162
3,207
3,365
3,435
3,461
3,572
3,722
3,847
3,776
3,927
4,058
4,118
4,169
R4,196
3,938
(1)
(1)
154
371
602
967
1,010
1,045
1,059
993
1,001
987
1,039
1,057
1,076
1,068
1,007
1,013
1,046
1,175
1,218
1,307
1,385
1,449
1,489
1,522
1,471
1,454
1,469
1,527
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
R1,622
1,518
Kerosene
281
323
320
271
267
263
249
235
216
176
159
169
175
175
188
158
127
129
127
115
114
98
95
96
84
43
46
41
50
49
54
62
66
78
73
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
R32
31
Propane 2
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasoline 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
776
794
893
872
830
783
830
821
778
849
754
773
798
751
833
883
831
924
923
990
917
982
1,032
1,006
1,082
1,096
1,136
1,170
1,120
1,246
1,235
1,142
1,248
1,215
1,276
1,229
1,215
R1,235
1,151
187
234
404
621
841
1,224
1,251
1,420
1,449
1,406
1,333
1,404
1,422
1,413
1,592
1,469
1,466
1,499
1,509
1,572
1,599
1,512
1,612
1,656
1,668
1,556
1,689
1,755
1,734
1,880
1,899
2,012
2,038
1,952
2,195
2,231
2,044
2,163
2,074
2,132
2,030
2,052
R2,085
1,944
91
106
116
117
129
136
135
144
162
155
137
152
160
172
180
159
153
140
146
156
145
142
161
155
159
164
146
149
152
159
156
151
160
168
169
166
153
151
140
141
141
137
R142
130
2,410
2,616
3,463
3,969
4,593
5,785
6,014
6,376
6,674
6,537
6,675
6,978
7,177
7,412
7,034
6,579
6,588
6,539
6,622
6,693
6,831
7,034
7,206
7,336
7,328
7,235
7,188
7,268
7,476
7,601
7,789
7,891
8,017
8,253
8,431
8,472
8,610
8,848
8,935
9,105
9,159
9,253
R9,286
8,964
1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includes
naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."
2 Includes propylene.
3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per
day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary
and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.
Petroleum
Coke
40
41
67
149
202
212
219
241
261
239
247
243
268
256
246
237
252
248
229
247
264
268
299
312
307
339
328
382
366
361
365
379
377
447
477
406
437
463
455
524
515
522
490
445
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other 4
1,359
1,517
1,526
1,529
1,608
2,204
2,296
2,529
2,822
2,639
2,462
2,801
3,071
3,023
2,826
2,508
2,088
1,716
1,421
1,369
1,202
1,418
1,264
1,378
1,370
1,229
1,158
1,094
1,080
1,021
852
848
797
887
830
909
811
700
772
865
920
689
R723
620
243
250
366
435
657
866
870
949
1,005
1,034
1,001
1,145
1,294
1,391
1,546
1,581
1,176
973
1,042
1,120
1,032
1,105
1,176
1,286
1,284
1,373
1,299
1,434
1,373
1,454
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
R1,593
1,397
Total
5,763
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
15,212
16,367
17,308
16,653
16,322
17,461
18,431
18,847
18,513
17,056
16,058
15,296
15,231
15,726
15,726
16,281
16,665
17,283
17,325
16,988
16,714
17,033
17,237
17,718
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
R20,680
19,419
Percentage
Change From
Previous Year 5
––
12.1
9.0
3.1
4.2
4.0
3.5
7.9
5.5
-3.8
-2.0
7.3
5.3
2.3
-1.8
-7.6
-6.1
-4.7
-.4
3.5
-.3
3.5
2.4
4.0
(s)
-1.9
-1.6
2.2
.9
2.8
(s)
3.6
1.4
1.6
3.2
1.2
-.5
.6
1.4
3.8
.1
-.6
(s)
-5.8
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and
greater than -0.05 percent.
Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • See Note 1,
"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," Note 2, "Adjustment to Total Petroleum
Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied
Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
149
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied
Petroleum Products Supplied as Share
of Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2008
60
Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Supplied,
1949-2008
50
Peak
48% in 1977
38%
in 2008
Quadrillion Btu
Percent
40
40
46% in 1973
37% in 1949
20
Total Petroleum
30
20
Motor Gasoline
10
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
By Product, 2008
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Selected Product, 1949-2008
20
20
17.1
15
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
15
10
8.4
5
4.3
3.2
10
Distillate Fuel Oil
5
Jet Fuel
2.6
1.4
1.0
0
Residual Fuel Oil
0
Motor Distillate
Gasoline Fuel Oil
1
Motor Gasoline
Jet
Fuel
LPG¹
Residual Asphalt
and
Fuel Oil
Road Oil
Other²
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical
feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous
products, and crude burned as fuel.
1950
1960
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.
2
150
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Asphalt and
Road Oil
380
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,108
1,137
1,264
1,165
1,014
998
1,056
1,160
1,153
962
828
829
904
992
1,029
1,086
1,130
1,136
1,096
1,170
1,077
1,102
1,149
1,173
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
R1,197
1,012
Aviation
Gasoline
172
199
354
298
222
100
90
85
83
82
71
67
70
71
70
64
56
47
48
44
50
59
46
49
48
45
42
41
38
38
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel 1
1,918
2,300
3,385
3,992
4,519
5,401
5,658
6,210
6,575
6,267
6,061
6,679
7,126
7,296
7,039
6,110
6,014
5,679
5,720
6,065
6,098
6,196
6,328
6,655
6,712
6,422
6,210
6,351
6,466
6,723
6,818
7,175
7,304
7,359
7,595
7,935
8,179
8,028
8,349
8,652
8,755
8,864
R8,921
8,396
(1)
(1)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,061
2,141
2,167
2,030
2,047
2,026
2,126
2,164
2,204
2,190
2,062
2,072
2,141
2,414
2,497
2,682
2,843
2,982
3,059
3,129
3,025
3,001
3,028
3,154
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,150
Kerosene
582
668
662
563
553
544
515
487
447
365
329
351
363
363
389
329
263
266
263
239
236
203
196
200
174
88
96
86
103
101
112
128
136
162
151
140
150
90
113
133
144
111
R67
64
Propane 2
Total
Lubricants
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,086
1,111
1,254
1,221
1,163
1,097
1,166
1,150
1,089
1,189
1,059
1,082
1,117
1,051
1,170
1,236
1,163
1,294
1,296
1,387
1,284
1,374
1,449
1,409
1,515
1,534
1,594
1,638
1,568
1,745
1,734
1,598
1,747
1,701
1,791
1,721
1,701
R1,729
1,616
274
343
592
912
1,232
1,689
1,723
1,955
1,981
1,914
1,807
1,907
1,908
1,892
2,138
1,976
1,949
1,978
1,990
2,071
2,103
2,009
2,153
2,213
2,243
2,059
2,227
2,328
2,282
2,494
2,512
2,660
2,690
2,575
2,897
2,945
2,697
2,852
2,747
2,824
2,682
2,701
R2,733
2,559
201
236
258
259
286
301
299
320
359
344
304
338
354
380
397
354
339
309
324
346
322
315
356
343
352
362
324
330
337
352
346
335
354
371
375
369
338
334
309
313
312
303
R313
289
1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includes
naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."
2 Includes propylene.
3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per
day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary
and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
Motor
Gasoline 3
4,621
5,015
6,640
7,631
8,806
11,091
11,532
12,259
12,797
12,535
12,798
13,415
13,760
14,211
13,487
12,648
12,631
12,538
12,697
12,867
13,098
13,487
13,816
14,105
14,050
13,872
13,781
13,973
14,335
14,511
14,825
15,064
15,254
15,701
16,036
16,155
16,373
16,819
16,981
17,379
17,444
17,622
R17,689
17,120
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other 4
87
90
147
328
444
465
481
532
573
524
542
537
589
562
541
522
553
545
503
545
582
590
657
687
676
745
722
843
804
793
802
837
829
982
1,048
895
961
1,018
1,000
1,156
1,133
1,148
R1,077
981
3,118
3,482
3,502
3,517
3,691
5,057
5,269
5,820
6,477
6,056
5,649
6,445
7,047
6,936
6,485
5,772
4,791
3,939
3,260
3,151
2,759
3,255
2,901
3,170
3,144
2,820
2,657
2,518
2,479
2,342
1,955
1,952
1,828
2,036
1,905
2,091
1,861
1,605
1,772
1,990
2,111
1,581
R1,659
1,426
530
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
1,825
2,001
2,117
2,173
2,107
2,410
2,722
2,930
3,219
3,275
2,445
2,029
2,204
2,317
2,149
2,313
2,440
2,681
2,658
2,840
2,685
2,953
2,821
2,988
2,834
3,119
3,298
3,093
3,128
2,981
3,056
3,041
3,260
3,429
3,320
3,416
R3,308
2,920
Total
11,883
13,315
17,255
19,919
23,246
29,521
30,561
32,947
34,840
33,455
32,731
35,175
37,122
37,965
37,123
34,202
31,931
30,232
30,054
31,051
30,922
32,196
32,865
34,222
34,211
33,553
32,845
33,527
33,841
34,670
34,553
35,757
36,266
36,934
37,960
38,404
38,333
38,401
39,047
40,594
40,735
40,420
R40,353
37,946
Percentage
Change From
Previous Year
––
12.1
8.9
3.1
4.2
4.2
3.5
7.8
5.7
-4.0
-2.2
7.5
5.5
2.3
-2.2
-7.9
-6.6
-5.3
-.6
3.3
-.4
4.1
2.1
4.1
(s)
-1.9
-2.1
2.1
.9
2.4
-.3
3.5
1.4
1.8
2.8
1.2
-.2
.2
1.7
4.0
.3
-.8
R-.2
-6.0
crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and
greater than -0.05 percent.
Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • See Note 1,
"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," Note 2, "Adjustment to Total Petroleum
Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied
Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
151
Figure 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector
By Sector, 1949-2008
Million Barrels per Day
15
Transportation
10
5
Industrial¹
Electric Power²
Residential and Commercial¹
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Sectors Shares, 1949 and 2008
15
75
13.7
1949
70
2008
Million Barrels per Day
54
50
Percent
10
4.6
5
28
24
25
10
0.7
0.3
0
Industrial¹ Transportation
Electric
Power²
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2
152
6
3
2
0
Residential Commercial¹
1
4
0.2
Residential
Commercial¹
Note: See related Figure 5.13b.
Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Industrial¹
Transportation
1
Electric
Power²
Figure 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008
Residential and Commercial¹ Sectors, Selected Products
Industrial¹ Sector, Selected Products
1.5
2.0
LPG²
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
Distillate Fuel Oil
1.0
Residual Fuel Oil
0.5
LPG²
1.5
1.0
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.5
Petroleum Coke
Kerosene
Asphalt and Road Oil
0.0
0.0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Transportation Sector, Selected Products
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Electric Power Sector³
12
2.0
Million Barrels per Day
9
Motor Gasoline
6
3
Distillate Fuel Oil
Million Barrels per Day
Petroleum
1.5
1.0
0.5
Jet Fuel
0
0.0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Note: See related Figure 5.13a.
Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.
3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
153
Table 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Residential Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Distillate
Fuel Oil
329
390
562
736
805
883
892
936
942
867
850
932
938
917
765
617
540
494
435
512
514
523
544
558
546
460
438
460
458
451
426
434
411
363
389
424
427
404
425
433
402
335
R342
321
Kerosene
140
168
179
171
161
144
143
131
110
89
78
89
81
74
64
51
41
46
41
R77
77
59
57
69
57
31
35
31
37
31
36
43
45
52
54
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
R21
21
Commercial Sector
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Distillate Fuel Oil
Total
CHP 1
Other 2
Total
90
112
155
234
296
420
425
456
435
401
389
404
397
386
264
242
234
224
267
220
249
243
269
267
299
276
295
288
303
298
306
358
349
329
404
427
406
412
426
401
391
R345
R367
342
559
670
896
1,140
1,263
1,447
1,460
1,523
1,487
1,357
1,316
1,425
1,416
1,377
1,093
R910
815
764
743
R809
839
825
870
894
901
767
768
779
797
781
767
835
805
744
847
897
879
845
885
875
833
R712
R730
684
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
3
3
2
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
104
123
177
232
251
276
280
296
303
280
276
308
318
313
274
243
215
207
306
345
297
293
286
281
267
249
241
236
230
233
223
225
206
199
204
228
236
207
225
218
208
188
R180
169
104
123
177
232
251
276
280
296
303
280
276
308
318
313
274
243
215
207
306
345
297
293
286
281
270
252
243
238
232
236
225
227
209
202
206
230
239
209
226
221
210
189
R181
170
1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only
plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."
3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
4 Included in "Other."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table
5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with
154
Kerosene
19
23
24
23
26
30
27
27
31
26
24
21
25
26
38
20
34
15
54
R17
16
24
24
13
13
6
6
5
7
9
11
10
12
15
13
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
4
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
16
20
27
41
52
74
75
81
77
71
69
71
70
68
47
43
41
40
47
39
44
43
48
47
53
49
52
51
53
53
54
63
62
58
71
75
72
73
75
71
69
R61
R65
60
Residual Fuel Oil
Motor
Gasoline 3
48
52
69
35
40
45
44
45
45
43
46
50
52
56
54
56
48
46
53
56
50
55
58
57
53
58
44
41
15
13
10
14
22
20
15
23
20
24
32
25
24
R26
R32
31
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
CHP 1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
(s)
Other 2
153
185
209
243
281
311
293
280
290
259
214
247
256
232
220
245
182
174
91
115
99
126
114
115
97
97
91
80
73
73
61
58
47
35
30
38
28
34
46
51
48
31
R32
30
Total
Total
153
185
209
243
281
311
293
280
290
259
214
247
256
232
220
245
182
174
91
115
99
126
114
115
99
100
92
82
75
75
62
60
48
37
32
40
30
35
48
53
50
33
R33
31
340
403
508
573
651
736
718
729
746
679
629
697
722
695
634
606
519
480
552
R572
506
542
529
513
488
465
438
418
383
386
361
373
353
332
338
383
376
348
391
380
365
R315
R315
296
the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines,
Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and Energy Information
Administration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-2007—EIA, "State Energy Data 2007: Consumption" (March 2009),
U.S. Tables 8 and 9. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Industrial Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
157
180
254
302
368
447
458
468
522
481
419
411
436
479
476
396
342
342
373
408
425
448
467
468
453
483
444
454
474
484
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
R494
417
Distillate Fuel Oil
CHP
1
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5
7
12
10
10
10
6
8
8
16
16
10
9
6
10
9
11
5
R4
3
Other
265
328
466
476
541
577
596
648
691
633
630
717
809
823
830
621
653
617
537
564
526
546
537
530
531
534
495
509
515
513
526
549
558
554
542
553
602
561
525
561
583
589
R591
556
2
Total
265
328
466
476
541
577
596
648
691
633
630
717
809
823
830
621
653
617
537
564
526
546
537
530
536
541
507
519
525
522
532
557
566
570
558
563
611
566
534
570
594
594
R595
559
Kerosene
123
132
116
78
80
89
80
77
75
61
58
59
69
75
86
87
52
68
32
R21
21
16
14
14
14
6
5
5
6
8
7
9
9
11
6
8
11
7
12
14
19
14
R6
6
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
80
100
212
333
470
699
715
846
902
901
844
895
918
921
1,266
1,172
1,166
1,211
1,166
1,283
1,285
1,207
1,279
1,326
1,300
1,215
1,326
1,402
1,363
1,505
1,527
1,580
1,617
1,553
1,709
1,720
1,557
1,668
1,561
1,647
1,549
R1,627
R1,637
1,526
Petroleum Coke
Lubricants
36
43
47
48
62
70
69
73
88
85
68
75
82
88
92
82
79
72
75
80
75
73
83
80
82
84
75
77
78
82
80
78
82
86
87
86
79
78
72
73
72
71
R73
67
Motor
Gasoline 3
121
131
173
198
179
150
143
132
133
123
116
110
102
93
84
82
83
72
59
83
114
108
107
100
104
97
101
101
94
101
105
105
111
105
80
79
155
163
171
195
187
R198
R161
155
1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."
3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per
day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary
and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
5 Included in "Other."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
CHP
1
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5
25
22
26
22
25
26
27
37
29
31
19
15
21
17
18
14
21
R22
19
Other
40
41
67
149
202
203
211
233
254
230
246
242
266
250
243
234
250
246
225
244
261
264
294
306
295
300
293
336
308
304
302
317
294
362
395
342
375
362
358
405
390
404
R390
355
2
Residual Fuel Oil
Total
40
41
67
149
202
203
211
233
254
230
246
242
266
250
243
234
250
246
225
244
261
264
294
306
300
325
315
362
330
329
328
343
331
390
426
361
390
383
375
423
404
425
R412
375
CHP
1
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
R57
R63
55
59
65
69
60
66
56
60
52
48
46
37
38
46
46
33
R30
16
Other 2
534
617
686
689
689
708
705
765
809
753
658
792
844
748
721
586
471
456
345
386
326
321
253
237
121
R116
91
109
129
113
87
80
71
40
38
57
42
46
58
62
77
71
R54
63
Total
534
617
686
689
689
708
705
765
809
753
658
792
844
748
721
586
471
456
345
386
326
321
253
237
178
179
146
168
194
183
147
146
127
100
90
105
89
83
96
108
123
104
R84
79
Other
Petroleum 4
Total
243
250
366
435
657
866
870
949
1,005
1,034
1,001
1,145
1,294
1,391
1,546
1,581
1,176
973
1,042
1,120
1,032
1,105
1,176
1,286
1,284
1,373
1,299
1,434
1,373
1,454
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
R1,593
1,397
1,598
1,822
2,387
2,708
3,247
3,808
3,845
4,191
4,479
4,301
4,038
4,447
4,821
4,867
5,343
4,842
4,273
4,058
3,854
R4,191
4,065
4,087
4,210
4,347
4,251
4,304
4,219
4,522
4,438
4,667
4,594
4,819
4,953
4,844
5,035
4,903
4,892
4,934
4,903
5,223
5,100
R5,193
5,056
4,581
Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table
5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with
the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.
• 1960-2007—EIA, "State Energy Data 2007: Consumption" (March 2009), U.S. Table 10. • 2008—EIA
estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
155
Table 5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Transportation Sector
Jet Fuel
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Aviation
Gasoline
93
108
192
161
120
55
49
46
45
44
39
37
38
39
38
35
31
25
26
24
27
32
25
27
26
24
23
22
21
21
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene Type
Total 1
190
226
372
418
514
738
800
910
1,045
1,036
998
1,073
1,171
1,260
1,366
1,311
1,365
1,312
1,367
1,383
1,491
1,514
1,568
1,701
1,734
1,722
1,694
1,728
1,785
1,896
1,973
2,096
2,198
2,263
2,352
2,422
2,489
2,536
2,665
2,783
2,858
3,017
R3,037
2,855
0
0
0
91
334
718
751
779
825
757
782
777
814
845
867
845
808
803
839
953
1,005
1,105
1,181
1,236
1,284
1,340
1,296
1,310
1,357
1,480
1,497
1,575
1,598
1,623
1,675
1,725
1,656
1,621
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
R1,622
1,518
(1)
(1)
154
371
602
967
1,010
1,021
1,042
979
992
976
1,022
1,044
1,067
1,062
R1,006
1,011
1,046
1,175
1,218
1,307
1,385
1,449
1,489
1,522
1,471
1,454
1,469
1,527
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
R1,622
1,518
Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in
1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
2 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table
5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with
156
1
2
9
13
23
32
37
38
35
33
31
33
36
38
16
13
24
24
29
30
21
19
15
17
16
16
15
14
14
24
13
11
10
13
10
8
10
10
12
14
20
20
R16
15
Lubricants
54
64
70
68
67
66
67
71
74
71
70
77
78
83
87
77
74
68
71
76
71
69
78
75
77
80
71
72
74
77
76
73
78
81
82
81
74
73
68
69
68
67
R69
63
Motor
Gasoline 2
Residual
Fuel Oil
2,241
2,433
3,221
3,736
4,374
5,589
5,827
6,199
6,496
6,372
6,512
6,817
7,022
7,264
6,896
6,441
6,456
6,421
6,510
6,554
6,667
6,871
7,041
7,179
7,171
7,080
7,042
7,125
7,367
7,487
7,674
7,772
7,883
8,128
8,336
8,370
8,435
8,662
8,733
8,885
8,948
R9,029
R9,093
8,778
504
524
440
367
336
332
305
280
317
304
310
358
396
431
535
608
531
444
358
351
342
379
392
399
423
443
447
465
393
385
397
370
310
294
290
386
255
295
249
321
365
395
R433
406
Total
3,084
3,356
4,458
5,135
6,036
7,778
8,095
8,566
9,054
8,838
8,951
9,372
9,761
10,160
10,005
9,546
9,487
9,307
9,406
9,592
9,838
10,191
10,505
10,846
10,937
10,888
10,763
10,881
11,124
11,417
11,668
11,921
12,099
12,420
12,765
13,012
12,938
13,208
13,321
13,718
13,957
R14,178
R14,287
13,651
the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Sources: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports, and Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-2007—EIA, "State Energy
Data 2007: Consumption" (March 2009), U.S. Table 11. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Electric Power Sector 1
Electricity Only
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19894
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
13
15
15
10
14
66
94
146
129
146
107
114
134
130
84
79
58
42
45
42
40
39
42
51
70
41
38
33
37
46
44
47
48
61
63
77
76
59
71
49
51
34
R40
32
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
8
9
7
9
1
1
1
5
4
2
2
2
4
3
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
18
21
16
15
14
23
30
26
20
25
54
66
83
94
82
R65
58
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
Total
169
192
191
231
302
853
992
1,203
1,406
1,324
1,280
1,405
1,575
1,612
1,350
1,069
904
642
627
517
435
592
504
627
663
497
469
371
409
369
237
263
301
448
409
370
430
281
373
376
376
151
R167
98
182
207
206
241
316
928
1,095
1,358
1,542
1,478
1,388
1,520
1,710
1,747
1,437
1,151
964
686
676
562
478
636
551
683
740
551
520
422
467
431
296
325
373
539
497
466
531
394
510
509
521
267
R272
188
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
4
1
2
4
11
7
4
4
3
3
6
4
1
5
3
3
1
2
1
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
2
15
15
22
22
23
26
25
25
22
26
14
17
17
15
13
12
1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants are
included in "Electricity Only."
2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
10
4
8
9
10
9
10
10
8
9
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
15
5
12
27
36
38
36
37
37
38
39
33
33
24
26
26
22
R21
19
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
13
15
15
10
14
66
94
146
129
146
107
114
134
130
84
79
58
42
45
42
40
39
42
51
72
45
39
34
41
56
51
51
52
64
66
82
80
60
76
52
54
35
R42
33
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
8
9
7
9
1
1
1
5
4
2
2
2
4
3
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
20
36
32
37
36
46
56
51
45
47
80
79
101
111
97
R78
70
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
Total
169
192
191
231
302
853
992
1,203
1,406
1,324
1,280
1,405
1,575
1,612
1,350
1,069
904
642
627
517
435
592
504
627
669
507
473
379
418
379
247
273
311
456
418
378
437
287
379
382
382
157
R173
103
182
207
206
241
316
928
1,095
1,358
1,542
1,478
1,388
1,520
1,710
1,747
1,437
1,151
964
686
676
562
478
636
551
683
748
566
526
434
494
467
334
360
410
576
535
505
564
427
534
535
547
289
R293
207
Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table
5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with
the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount
of petroleum used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of petroleum used to produce
useful thermal output. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end
of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
157
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008
Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products
Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products
3.0
2.5
Distillate Fuel Oil
2.0
2.0
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
2.5
1.5
1.0
Residual Fuel Oil
1.5
Distillate Fuel Oil
1.0
Asphalt and
Road Oil
0.5
LPG²
0.5
LPG²
Kerosene
0.0
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Transportation Sector, Selected Products
1950
1970
1980
1990
2000
1990
2000
Electric Power Sector³
20
5
Petroleum
4
15
Motor Gasoline
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1960
10
5
3
2
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
0
0
1950
1
2
158
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
1950
1960
3
1970
1980
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Distillate
Fuel Oil
700
829
1,194
1,568
1,713
1,878
1,897
1,996
2,003
1,844
1,807
1,987
1,994
1,951
1,626
1,316
1,147
1,050
924
1,091
1,092
1,111
1,156
1,190
1,160
978
930
980
974
960
905
926
874
772
828
905
908
860
905
924
854
712
R726
684
Commercial Sector
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
289
347
371
354
334
298
295
271
227
184
161
184
167
153
133
107
85
95
85
R160
159
121
119
144
117
64
72
65
76
65
74
89
93
108
111
95
95
60
70
85
84
66
R44
43
132
164
227
343
434
579
585
628
595
546
528
549
533
516
355
325
311
296
352
290
327
323
360
356
402
365
389
382
399
395
404
473
461
434
534
564
535
543
564
531
517
R454
R481
451
1,121
1,340
1,792
2,265
2,481
2,755
2,777
2,895
2,825
2,573
2,495
2,720
2,695
2,620
2,114
1,748
1,543
1,441
1,362
R1,540
1,578
1,556
1,634
1,690
1,679
1,407
1,392
1,427
1,448
1,420
1,383
1,488
1,428
1,314
1,473
1,563
1,539
1,463
1,539
1,539
1,455
R1,233
R1,251
1,178
221
262
377
494
534
587
595
632
644
596
587
656
676
666
584
518
457
440
651
735
631
623
607
600
574
536
517
507
493
501
479
483
444
429
438
491
508
444
481
470
447
401
R384
362
1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data
for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. Petroleum products supplied is an
Kerosene
39
47
51
48
54
61
55
55
65
55
49
44
52
55
78
41
69
30
111
R36
33
50
49
26
28
12
12
11
14
19
22
21
25
31
27
30
31
16
19
20
22
15
9
9
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasoline 1
23
29
40
61
77
102
103
111
105
96
93
97
94
91
63
57
55
52
62
51
58
57
63
63
71
64
69
R67
70
70
71
84
81
77
94
99
94
96
100
94
91
R80
R85
80
92
100
133
67
77
86
84
87
87
83
89
97
101
107
104
107
92
88
102
107
96
106
111
110
102
111
85
80
30
25
18
27
43
39
28
45
37
45
60
49
46
R49
R61
59
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Residual
Fuel Oil
351
424
480
559
645
714
672
645
665
593
492
567
588
532
505
565
417
399
208
266
228
290
263
264
228
230
212
189
173
172
141
137
111
85
73
92
70
80
111
122
116
75
R75
71
Total
727
862
1,081
1,228
1,386
1,551
1,510
1,530
1,565
1,423
1,310
1,461
1,511
1,450
1,334
1,287
1,090
1,008
1,136
R1,195
1,045
1,126
1,093
1,063
1,002
953
895
854
780
787
732
751
704
661
661
756
742
681
771
756
722
R621
R615
581
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in
Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/contents.html.
Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
159
Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
380
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,108
1,137
1,264
1,165
1,014
998
1,056
1,160
1,153
962
828
829
904
992
1,029
1,086
1,130
1,136
1,096
1,170
1,077
1,102
1,149
1,173
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
R1,197
1,012
564
698
991
1,016
1,150
1,226
1,266
1,381
1,469
1,346
1,339
1,530
1,719
1,750
1,764
1,324
1,389
1,313
1,142
1,203
1,119
1,160
1,141
1,130
1,139
1,150
1,078
1,107
1,117
1,111
1,131
1,187
1,203
1,211
1,187
1,200
1,300
1,204
1,136
1,214
1,264
1,263
R1,265
1,192
Kerosene
254
274
241
161
165
185
165
160
156
126
119
123
143
156
177
181
108
141
66
R43
44
32
28
30
30
12
11
10
13
17
15
18
19
22
13
16
23
14
24
28
39
30
R13
13
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasoline 1
Petroleum Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
Petroleum 2
Total
117
147
310
489
688
964
984
1,164
1,233
1,227
1,144
1,216
1,232
1,233
1,700
1,577
1,551
1,598
1,537
1,691
1,690
1,603
1,709
1,772
1,748
1,608
1,749
1,860
1,794
1,997
2,019
2,089
2,134
2,048
2,256
2,271
2,054
2,200
2,068
2,181
2,047
R2,140
R2,146
2,009
80
94
103
107
137
155
152
163
195
187
149
166
182
195
204
182
175
159
167
178
166
162
183
177
181
186
167
170
173
181
178
173
182
191
193
190
174
172
159
161
160
156
R161
148
231
251
332
381
342
288
275
254
255
235
223
211
196
178
162
158
160
138
112
160
218
206
206
193
199
185
193
194
180
192
200
200
212
199
152
150
295
309
324
372
356
R376
R306
296
87
90
147
328
444
446
463
513
558
506
540
535
586
550
533
516
549
541
495
538
575
581
646
675
660
714
693
798
725
723
721
757
727
858
936
796
858
842
825
934
889
934
R906
826
1,225
1,416
1,573
1,584
1,582
1,624
1,618
1,761
1,858
1,728
1,509
1,822
1,937
1,716
1,655
1,349
1,081
1,047
791
889
748
736
582
546
410
411
334
387
446
419
337
335
291
230
207
241
203
190
220
249
281
239
R193
182
530
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
1,825
2,001
2,117
2,173
2,107
2,410
2,722
2,930
3,219
3,275
2,445
2,029
2,204
2,317
2,149
2,313
2,440
2,681
2,658
2,840
2,685
2,953
2,821
2,988
2,834
3,119
3,298
3,093
3,128
2,981
3,056
3,041
3,260
3,429
3,320
3,416
R3,308
2,920
3,468
3,951
5,111
5,747
6,789
7,787
7,856
8,534
9,104
8,694
8,146
9,010
9,774
9,867
10,568
9,525
8,285
7,795
7,420
R8,010
7,738
7,880
8,065
8,339
8,120
8,278
7,987
8,581
8,418
8,801
8,614
9,053
9,290
9,116
9,396
9,120
9,220
9,213
9,237
9,872
9,680
R9,815
R9,496
8,600
1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
2 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as
fuel.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data
160
for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. Petroleum products supplied is an
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in
Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/contents.html.
Sources: Tables 5.13b, A1, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors,
Selected Years, 1949-2008 (Trillion Btu)
Electric Power Sector 1
Transportation Sector
Jet Fuel
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Aviation
Gasoline
172
199
354
298
222
100
90
85
83
82
71
67
70
71
70
64
56
47
48
44
50
59
46
49
48
45
42
41
38
38
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene Type
405
480
791
892
1,093
1,569
1,701
1,941
2,222
2,202
2,121
2,288
2,489
2,679
2,905
2,795
2,901
2,790
2,905
2,948
3,170
3,218
3,335
3,626
3,687
3,661
3,601
3,684
3,796
4,032
4,195
4,469
4,672
4,812
5,001
5,165
5,292
5,392
5,666
5,932
6,076
6,414
R6,457
6,087
0
0
0
188
691
1,486
1,554
1,617
1,707
1,566
1,619
1,613
1,684
1,750
1,795
1,754
1,671
1,661
1,736
1,977
2,079
2,287
2,444
2,565
2,658
2,774
2,681
2,718
2,809
3,063
3,099
3,268
3,307
3,359
3,466
3,580
3,427
3,354
3,266
3,382
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,150
Total
2
0
0
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,061
2,091
2,131
2,001
2,029
2,002
2,090
2,138
2,186
2,179
2,058
2,069
2,141
2,414
2,497
2,682
2,843
2,982
3,059
3,129
3,025
3,001
3,028
3,154
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,150
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
2
3
14
20
33
44
50
52
48
44
42
45
48
52
21
17
32
32
38
40
28
26
21
22
22
22
20
18
19
32
17
15
13
17
13
11
13
13
16
18
27
R26
R21
19
Lubricants
120
141
155
152
149
147
147
158
163
156
155
172
172
184
193
172
165
150
157
168
156
153
173
167
171
176
157
161
163
171
168
163
172
180
182
179
164
162
150
152
151
147
R152
140
1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in
1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
Motor
Gasoline 3
4,298
4,664
6,175
7,183
8,386
10,716
11,173
11,918
12,455
12,217
12,485
13,107
13,464
13,927
13,221
12,383
12,379
12,312
12,482
12,600
12,784
13,174
13,499
13,802
13,749
13,575
13,503
13,699
14,126
14,293
14,607
14,837
14,999
15,463
15,855
15,960
16,041
16,465
16,597
16,959
17,043
R17,197
R17,321
16,765
Residual
Fuel Oil
1,156
1,201
1,009
844
770
761
701
645
727
697
711
824
908
990
1,228
1,398
1,219
1,020
821
807
786
870
900
919
971
1,016
1,026
1,070
901
883
911
851
712
674
665
888
586
677
571
740
837
906
R994
935
Total
6,152
6,690
8,800
10,126
11,868
15,310
15,923
16,891
17,831
17,399
17,614
18,506
19,241
20,041
19,825
R19,009
18,811
18,420
18,593
19,020
19,471
20,182
20,816
21,567
21,706
21,625
21,373
21,674
22,072
22,603
23,069
23,647
23,917
24,537
25,218
25,820
25,556
26,084
26,296
27,214
27,644
R28,103
R28,334
27,124
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
28
32
32
22
29
141
200
310
273
309
226
243
283
276
178
169
124
89
96
88
85
83
90
109
152
97
84
74
86
120
108
109
111
136
140
175
171
127
161
111
115
74
R89
70
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil 5
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
19
18
19
15
19
2
2
3
12
8
5
4
4
8
8
7
9
10
12
16
30
29
45
79
70
81
80
102
124
112
99
103
175
175
222
243
214
R171
155
387
440
439
530
693
1,958
2,277
2,768
3,226
3,038
2,937
3,232
3,614
3,699
3,097
2,459
2,073
1,474
1,440
1,190
998
1,359
1,157
1,442
1,535
1,163
1,085
872
959
869
566
628
715
1,047
959
871
1,003
659
869
879
876
361
R397
238
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
1,703
1,289
1,198
991
1,124
1,059
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
R657
463
5 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum
consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12.
Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the
term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/contents.html.
Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
161
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007
Total by Fuel
Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End Use
5
3.0
2.5
Distillate Fuel Oil
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
4
3
2
Residual Fuel Oil
1
2.0
On-Highway
Diesel
1.5
1.0
Residential
0.5
Commercial
Kerosene
0
Railroad
0.0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Residual Fuel Oil by Major End Use
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Kerosene by Major End Use
750
80
Thousand Barrels per Day
Thousand Barrels per Day
Electric Power
600
Vessel
Bunkering
450
300
150
Industrial
60
40
Residential
20
Industrial
Commercial
Commercial
Farm
0
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1985
1990
Source: Table 5.15.
162
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Distillate Fuel Oil
Year
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Residential
534
504
528
534
554
564
475
442
474
475
472
447
450
426
380
411
444
433
416
452
432
401
325
335
Commercial
360
291
296
280
279
279
260
246
245
241
246
237
234
216
211
218
241
243
215
240
220
210
183
177
Industrial
Oil
Company
166
159
175
184
167
178
169
151
150
139
148
146
149
151
161
162
152
161
156
156
151
160
161
161
Farm
55
45
41
40
41
45
49
48
43
46
44
45
48
56
51
43
45
49
50
33
31
31
42
51
Electric
Power 1
208
202
218
196
206
219
222
206
228
222
213
227
234
231
222
223
225
234
223
209
207
210
213
209
Railroad
42
34
38
37
47
158
50
39
35
36
43
39
43
41
55
53
66
88
49
75
54
59
43
44
Vessel
Bunkering
192
182
186
186
201
211
203
188
206
196
205
224
224
214
207
211
214
198
212
239
198
225
232
237
On-Highway
Diesel
115
111
127
122
130
147
135
133
144
141
143
153
162
168
169
158
147
133
136
145
139
131
124
126
Military
1,093
1,127
1,169
1,185
1,304
1,378
1,393
1,336
1,391
1,485
1,594
1,668
1,754
1,867
1,967
2,091
2,155
2,167
2,238
2,420
2,415
2,482
2,552
2,596
46
43
47
46
54
56
46
53
42
32
40
30
30
28
23
23
20
26
23
27
23
18
21
24
Residual Fuel Oil
Commercial
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
100
89
130
3119
3121
3112
395
93
77
67
69
60
60
52
47
42
43
42
37
49
51
47
31
31
Industrial
228
218
263
217
211
174
147
126
138
155
152
129
136
124
117
111
103
114
82
92
100
109
95
77
Oil
Company
81
62
52
44
36
24
21
20
18
17
16
14
11
10
8
8
10
9
7
5
3
5
4
3
Electric
Power 1
454
359
610
537
616
1632
566
461
388
394
374
213
280
300
420
326
284
368
233
344
306
376
163
173
Vessel
Bunkering
298
299
384
398
413
469
413
442
427
345
351
384
371
327
367
381
417
353
316
253
305
338
375
413
Off-Highway
Diesel
114
99
108
102
109
110
118
107
114
137
140
142
146
149
162
162
168
177
154
169
179
193
162
164
Other
Total
46
11
10
5
4
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
2,971
2,809
2,944
2,917
3,095
3,248
3,120
2,949
3,075
3,150
3,289
3,357
3,472
3,546
3,608
3,756
3,877
3,908
3,871
4,165
4,050
4,120
4,057
4,123
Kerosene
Military
6
8
E7
10
8
6
7
8
6
5
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
(s)
1
2
2
1
1
Other 2
26
13
15
3
4
2
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other."
3 Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources."
E = Annual estimate based on eleven months of data. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand
barrels per day.
Total
1,194
1,048
1,462
31,328
31,409
31,419
31,250
1,150
1,054
983
967
804
862
816
961
869
859
888
676
744
767
877
670
698
Residential
77
77
59
57
69
57
31
35
31
37
31
36
43
45
52
54
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
Commercial
17
16
24
24
13
13
6
6
5
7
9
11
10
12
15
13
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
Industrial
8
10
7
6
8
8
4
3
3
4
6
6
7
7
8
4
6
9
5
11
13
17
13
6
Farm
Other
Total
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
9
6
6
5
4
1
1
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
115
114
98
95
96
84
43
46
41
50
49
54
62
66
78
73
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Sources: • 1984—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 1988 (October 1989), Tables A1-A3, and
unpublished revision. • 1985-2002—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, annual reports, Tables 1-3, and
unpublished revisions. • 2003 forward—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales 2007 (December 2008), Tables
1-3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
163
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type
Total, Crude Oil¹, and Products, 1949-2008
Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Stocks, 1949-2008
2,000
2,000
Total
Million Barrels (Cumulative)
Total
Million Barrels
1,500
1,000
Crude Oil¹
Products
500
0
1,500
SPR²
1,000
Petroleum Products
and
Non-SPR Crude Oil
500
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
By Type, 2008
1,200
1,026
1,000
Million Barrels
800
600
SPR²
400
200
NonSPR
213
146
113
83
38
36
Jet Fuel
Residual
Fuel Oil
79
0
Crude Oil¹
1
Motor Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).
Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR.
2
164
Unfinished
Oils
Other Products³
3
Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants,
naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Note: Stocks are at end of year.
Sources: Table 5.16.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Million Barrels)
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate
Petroleum Products
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
SPR
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
67
91
108
230
294
379
451
493
512
541
560
580
586
569
575
587
592
592
566
563
571
567
541
550
599
638
676
685
689
697
702
Non-SPR
253
248
266
240
220
276
260
246
242
265
271
285
340
309
339
358
363
350
344
345
321
331
349
330
341
323
325
318
335
337
303
284
305
324
284
286
312
278
269
286
324
312
286
324
2,3
Total
3
253
248
266
240
220
276
260
246
242
265
271
285
348
376
430
466
594
644
723
796
814
843
890
890
921
908
893
893
922
929
895
850
868
895
852
826
862
877
907
961
1,008
1,001
983
1,026
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
75
72
111
138
155
195
191
154
196
200
209
186
250
216
229
205
192
179
140
161
144
155
134
124
106
132
144
141
141
145
130
127
138
156
125
118
145
134
137
126
136
144
134
146
Jet
Fuel 5
Propane 6
(5)
(5)
3
7
19
28
28
25
29
29
30
32
35
34
39
42
41
37
39
42
40
50
50
44
41
52
49
43
40
47
40
40
44
45
41
45
42
39
39
40
42
39
39
38
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
65
69
82
74
81
87
64
65
76
54
48
58
39
63
48
50
32
49
48
39
51
46
43
43
44
65
43
41
66
53
50
55
57
62
52
55
1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include
non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.
2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR."
3 Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
4 Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve.
5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Other Products."
6 Includes propylene.
7 Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, also
includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,
Total
1
2
7
23
30
67
95
86
99
113
125
116
136
132
111
120
135
94
101
101
74
103
97
97
80
98
92
89
106
99
93
86
89
115
89
83
121
106
94
104
109
113
R96
113
Motor
Gasoline 7
110
116
165
195
175
209
219
213
209
218
235
231
258
238
237
261
253
235
222
243
223
233
226
228
213
220
219
216
226
215
202
195
210
216
193
196
210
209
207
218
208
212
R218
213
Residual
Fuel Oil
60
41
39
45
56
54
60
55
53
60
74
72
90
90
96
92
78
66
49
53
50
47
47
45
44
49
50
43
44
42
37
46
40
45
36
36
41
31
38
42
37
42
39
36
Unfinished
Oils
66
70
68
62
89
99
101
95
99
106
106
110
113
109
118
124
111
105
108
94
107
94
93
100
106
99
98
95
88
91
86
88
89
91
86
87
88
76
76
81
86
84
R81
83
Other
Products 8
37
34
55
76
92
89
92
84
80
82
82
78
82
82
82
82
80
70
72
67
67
68
70
70
70
63
72
73
78
84
79
76
81
85
70
77
78
76
71
72
71
85
75
79
Total
Products
Total
Petroleum
350
334
449
545
616
741
784
713
766
809
862
826
964
901
911
926
890
786
731
760
705
750
718
707
660
712
724
699
725
724
668
658
692
752
641
641
724
671
661
683
689
719
R682
709
603
583
715
785
836
1,018
1,044
959
1,008
1,074
1,133
1,112
1,312
1,278
1,341
1,392
1,484
1,430
1,454
1,556
1,519
1,593
1,607
1,597
1,581
1,621
1,617
1,592
1,647
1,653
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
R1,665
1,735
petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous
products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation
gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
9 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
165
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008
End-of-Year Stocks in SPR
Crude Oil Imports for SPR¹
800
702 in 2008
100
93
85
75
Million Barrels
Million Barrels
600
400
200
72
60
59
50
43
41
34
27
24
25
16
0
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks
1980
1985
4
5
8
4
0
1990
1
9
7
5
3
0
1995
2000
2005
125
115
80
100
68% in 2008
96
94
88
75
Total
Petroleum
40
81 82
86
83
77
68
Days
60
91
85
Crude Oil
73 75
67
62
64
59 57
52 50
50
57 57 56 55 56 58
43
40% in 2008
25
20
17
8
0
0
1980
1
1985
1990
1995
2000
11
1
2005
Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.
Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all
petroleum.
2
166
7
3
SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports²
100
Percent
19
10
8
0
23
19 20
18
1980
1985
1990
Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Source: Table 5.17.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008
(Million Barrels, Except as Noted)
Foreign Crude Oil Receipts
Year
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imported
by SPR
Imported
by Others 1,2
7.54
58.80
24.43
16.07
93.30
60.19
85.29
72.04
43.12
17.56
26.52
18.76
20.35
9.77
.00
3.59
5.37
4.49
.00
.00
.00
.00
3.04
3.01
3.91
5.77
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.00
7.98
3.60
1.50
5.07
35.59
22.94
34.24
18.88
3.31
R2.70
7.11
Domestic Crude Oil Receipts
Purchases
60.37
.00
(s)
1.30
28.79
3.79
.42
.05
.17
1.21
2.69
.01
.00
.00
.00
2.60
6.96
.11
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.58
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Exchanges
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1.42
2.29
.00
7.64
16.40
8.47
8.41
2.44
1.68
3.20
Withdrawals
2
End-of-Year Stocks
Sales
Exchanges
Quantity
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
3.91
17.22
.00
.00
.00
.00
25.82
2.33
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
11.03
.00
.00
.00
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.00
.00
10.75
733.35
.00
.00
.00
5.44
9.82
1.57
.00
5.40
7.46
66.86
91.19
107.80
230.34
293.83
379.09
450.51
493.32
511.57
540.65
559.52
579.86
585.69
568.51
574.72
587.08
591.67
591.64
565.82
563.43
571.41
567.24
540.68
550.24
599.09
638.39
675.60
684.54
688.61
696.94
701.82
1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities
for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of the
commercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.
2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received
approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lower
quality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crude
oil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the Department of Energy
and exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrels delivered
to SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specification requirements of
SPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude Oil Receipts, Imported by
Others," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "Domestic Crude Oil Receipts,
Exchanges."
3 Stocks do not include imported quantities in transit to SPR terminals, pipeline fill, and above-ground
storage.
4 Includes lease condensate stocks.
5 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum.
3
Percent of
Crude Oil 4
Stocks
Percent of
Total Petroleum
Stocks
Days of
Petroleum
Net Imports 5
2.1
17.8
21.2
23.1
38.8
45.7
52.4
56.6
60.6
60.7
60.8
62.9
62.9
64.5
63.7
64.4
63.6
63.7
66.1
66.6
64.9
63.8
66.6
65.4
63.8
68.3
70.4
70.3
67.9
68.8
70.9
68.4
0.6
5.2
6.8
7.7
15.5
20.5
26.1
28.9
32.5
32.1
33.6
35.0
36.7
36.1
35.2
36.1
35.6
35.8
37.9
37.5
36.1
34.7
38.0
36.8
34.7
38.7
40.7
41.1
40.3
40.0
R41.8
40.4
1
8
11
17
43
68
88
96
115
94
91
85
81
82
86
83
77
73
75
67
62
59
57
52
50
57
57
56
55
56
58
64
Calculated prior to rounding.
6 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior to injection of foreign crude oil.
7 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil stocks in exchange for a like quantity plus a
bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well as additional barrels to create a Northeast
Home Heating Oil Reserve.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels.
Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petroleum stocks maintained by the Federal
Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Sources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, Quantity: • 1977-1980—Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
• 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly
(February 2009). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Oil Receipts, and Withdrawals: U.S.
Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, unpublished data. All Other Data:
Calculated.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
167
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices
U.S. Average Real¹ and Nominal² Prices, 1949-2008
100
Dollars per Barrel
80
60
40
Real¹
20
Nominal²
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2008
Nominal² Prices
Real¹ Prices
100
75
50
California
0
Texas
ANS³
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
600
500
75
California
50
ANS³
400
300
200
Texas
Texas
25
100
ANS³
0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.
2
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
168
Index: 1977=100
100
Chained (2000) Dollars¹ per Barrel
Nominal Dollars² per Barrel
125
25
Real¹ Prices, Indexed 1977=100
3
Alaska North Slope.
Source: Table 5.18.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
California
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Dollars per Barrel)
Alaska North Slope
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Nominal
––
––
––
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
36.29
5.21
10.57
16.87
23.23
19.92
17.69
17.91
16.98
6.45
10.83
8.43
12.00
15.23
11.57
11.73
10.84
9.77
11.12
15.32
14.84
8.47
12.46
23.62
18.18
19.37
23.78
33.03
47.05
56.86
63.69
90.10
1
California
Real
2
––
––
––
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
314.71
11.39
21.33
31.22
39.29
31.76
27.13
26.47
24.36
9.05
14.80
11.14
15.28
18.67
13.70
13.58
12.27
10.82
12.07
16.32
15.55
8.78
12.73
23.62
17.75
18.59
22.35
30.17
R41.62
R48.73
R53.16
73.60
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.92
8.58
12.78
23.87
26.80
24.58
22.61
22.09
22.14
11.90
13.92
10.97
14.06
17.81
13.72
13.55
12.11
12.12
14.00
16.72
15.78
9.55
14.08
24.82
20.11
21.87
26.43
34.47
47.08
57.34
65.07
90.47
1
Texas
Real
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18.53
18.75
25.79
44.17
45.33
39.19
34.67
32.65
31.76
16.70
19.02
14.49
17.90
21.83
16.25
15.69
13.70
13.43
15.20
17.82
16.54
9.90
14.39
24.82
19.64
20.99
24.84
31.49
R41.65
R49.14
R54.31
73.90
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
3 Average for July through December only.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.
Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 5, "Crude Oil
Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
2
Nominal
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.58
9.29
12.65
21.84
35.06
31.77
29.35
28.87
26.80
14.73
17.55
14.71
17.81
22.37
19.04
18.32
16.19
14.98
16.38
20.31
18.66
12.28
17.29
28.60
23.41
23.77
29.13
38.79
52.61
61.31
R68.30
96.86
U.S. Average
Real
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
20.07
20.30
25.53
40.41
59.30
50.65
45.01
42.67
38.44
20.67
23.98
19.43
22.67
27.42
22.55
21.21
18.32
16.60
17.78
21.64
19.56
12.73
17.67
28.60
22.86
22.81
27.38
35.44
R46.54
R52.55
R57.00
79.12
Nominal
2.54
2.51
2.77
2.88
2.86
3.18
3.39
3.39
3.89
6.87
7.67
8.19
8.57
9.00
12.64
21.59
31.77
28.52
26.19
25.88
24.09
12.51
15.40
12.58
15.86
20.03
16.54
15.99
14.25
13.19
14.62
18.46
17.23
10.87
15.56
26.72
21.84
22.51
27.56
36.77
50.28
59.69
66.52
94.04
1
Real 2
15.53
15.18
14.78
13.69
12.69
11.55
11.73
11.24
12.21
19.78
20.18
20.38
20.05
19.67
25.51
39.95
53.74
45.47
40.16
38.25
34.56
17.56
21.04
16.62
20.19
24.55
19.59
18.51
16.12
14.61
15.87
19.67
18.06
11.27
15.90
26.72
21.33
21.61
25.90
33.59
R44.48
R51.16
R55.52
76.82
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Sources: • 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products" chapter. • 1974-January 1976—Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-90, "Crude
Petroleum Production Monthly Report." • February 1976-1977—FEA, Form FEA-P-124, "Domestic Crude
Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." • 1978-1982—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form ERA-182,
"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchaser’s Report." • 1983 forward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April
2009), Table 18.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
169
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Total, 1973¹-2008
By Selected Country, 2008
120
120
106
104
Nominal Dollars² per Barrel
Nominal Dollars² per Barrel
97
90
60
30
0
94
90
91
91
Venezuela
Canada
87
86
Kuwait
Mexico
60
30
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Selected OPEC Country, 1973¹-2008
Nigeria
Norway
Saudi
United ColomArabia Kingdom bia
By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 1973¹-2008
100
120
100
Nominal Dollars² per Barrel
Nominal Dollars² per Barrel
97
80
60
Nigeria
40
20
Saudi
Arabia
80
60
United
Kingdom
40
Mexico
20
Venezuela
Canada
0
0
1975
1
2
170
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
1973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Source: Table 5.19.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2000
2005
Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008
(Norminal Dollars 1 per Barrel)
Selected OPEC 2 Countries
Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries
Year
Persian
Gulf 3
Kuwait
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
Total
OPEC 4
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Norway
United
Kingdom
Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
1973 5
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
5.91
12.21
12.64
13.03
13.85
14.01
20.42
30.59
34.61
34.94
29.37
29.07
25.50
12.92
17.47
13.51
17.37
20.55
17.34
17.58
15.26
15.00
16.78
20.45
17.44
11.18
17.37
26.77
20.73
24.13
27.54
36.53
49.68
58.92
R69.83
95.70
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
–
–
–
W
–
11.70
18.14
12.84
16.90
17.01
18.48
16.99
14.23
14.49
16.47
20.32
17.03
11.00
16.77
26.28
19.66
23.04
26.82
35.89
48.36
57.64
R66.01
87.14
9.08
13.16
12.70
13.81
15.29
14.88
22.97
37.15
39.66
36.16
30.85
30.36
28.96
15.29
19.32
15.88
19.19
23.33
21.39
20.78
18.73
17.21
18.25
21.95
20.64
14.14
17.63
30.04
26.55
26.45
31.07
40.95
57.55
68.26
R78.01
106.07
5.37
11.63
12.50
13.06
13.69
13.94
18.95
29.80
34.20
34.99
29.27
29.20
24.72
12.84
16.81
13.37
17.34
21.82
17.22
17.48
15.40
15.11
16.84
20.49
17.52
11.16
17.48
26.58
20.98
24.77
27.50
37.11
50.31
59.19
R70.78
97.06
5.99
11.25
12.36
11.89
13.11
12.84
17.65
25.92
29.91
24.93
22.94
25.19
24.43
11.52
15.76
13.66
16.78
20.31
15.92
15.13
13.39
13.12
14.81
18.59
16.35
10.16
15.58
26.05
19.81
21.93
25.70
33.79
47.87
57.37
R66.13
91.06
6.85
12.49
12.70
13.32
14.35
14.34
21.29
33.56
36.60
34.81
29.84
29.06
26.86
13.46
17.64
14.18
17.78
21.23
18.08
17.81
15.68
15.08
16.61
20.14
17.73
11.46
16.94
27.29
21.52
23.83
27.70
36.84
51.36
61.21
R71.14
96.98
5.33
11.48
12.84
13.36
14.13
14.41
20.22
30.11
32.32
27.15
25.63
26.56
25.71
13.43
17.04
13.50
16.81
20.48
17.16
17.04
15.27
14.83
16.65
19.94
17.63
11.62
17.54
26.69
20.72
22.98
26.76
34.51
44.73
53.90
R60.38
90.57
W
W
–
–
–
–
–
W
–
–
–
–
–
12.85
18.43
14.47
18.10
22.34
19.55
18.46
16.54
15.80
17.45
22.02
19.71
13.26
18.09
29.68
25.88
25.28
30.55
39.03
53.42
62.13
R70.91
93.82
–
W
12.61
12.64
13.82
13.56
20.77
31.77
33.70
28.63
25.78
26.85
25.63
12.17
16.69
12.58
16.35
19.64
15.89
15.60
14.11
14.09
16.19
19.64
17.30
11.04
16.12
26.03
19.37
22.09
25.48
32.25
43.47
53.76
R62.31
86.45
–
–
12.80
13.74
14.93
14.68
22.55
36.82
38.70
34.70
30.72
30.05
28.32
15.98
19.10
15.43
19.06
21.11
21.44
20.90
18.99
17.09
18.06
21.34
20.26
13.83
19.06
30.13
25.77
26.60
30.51
39.92
56.23
64.39
R71.66
104.13
–
–
–
W
14.83
14.53
22.97
35.68
37.29
34.25
30.87
29.45
28.36
14.63
18.78
15.82
18.74
22.65
21.37
20.63
17.92
16.64
17.91
20.88
20.64
13.55
18.26
29.26
25.32
26.35
30.62
39.28
55.28
67.44
R72.47
96.95
5.64
11.81
12.70
13.35
14.42
14.38
22.10
33.99
36.14
31.47
28.08
28.14
26.53
13.52
17.66
13.96
17.54
20.98
17.93
17.67
15.78
15.29
16.95
20.47
18.45
12.22
17.51
27.80
22.17
23.97
27.68
35.29
47.31
57.14
R63.96
91.66
6.41
12.32
12.70
13.32
14.36
14.35
21.45
33.67
36.47
33.18
28.93
28.54
26.67
13.49
17.65
14.08
17.68
21.13
18.02
17.75
15.72
15.18
16.78
20.31
18.11
11.84
17.23
27.53
21.82
23.91
27.69
36.07
49.29
59.11
R67.97
94.63
1
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also
includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in
"Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of
OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included
in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual
2
company data.
Notes: • Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only; they do not account for refined petroleum
products imported into the United States. • See "Crude Oil Landed Cost" in Glossary. • Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Sources: • 1973-September 1977—Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer
Pricing Report." • October 1977-December 1978—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • January 1979-September 1982—EIA, Form ERA-51,
"Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1982-June 1984—EIA, Form EP-51, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil
Transaction Report." • July 1984 forward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (March 2009), Table 22;
and EIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
171
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports
Total, 1973-2008
Totals, 2008
360
360
$338 billion in 2008
300
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
300
338
240
180
120
60
240
192
180
146
120
82
60
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Total
OPEC
6.6
6.1
Non-OPEC
Persian Gulf
Nations
By Selected Country, 2008
70
64.0
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
60
53.5
50
40
37.5
35.8
34.7
30
20
10
2.7
1.1
United Kingdom
Norway
0
Canada
1
Saudi Arabia
Mexico
Nigeria
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
172
Venezuela
Kuwait
Source: Table 5.20.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Colombia
Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008
(Billion Nominal Dollars 1)
Selected OPEC 2 Countries
Year
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Persian
Gulf 3
Kuwait
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
1.7
4.4
5.2
8.7
12.2
11.3
15.3
16.9
15.1
8.4
4.3
4.8
2.3
3.8
6.0
6.7
11.0
13.5
11.0
10.5
9.1
8.8
9.1
11.1
10.4
8.3
15.0
23.6
20.2
19.5
24.4
32.1
40.0
46.5
R53.9
82.0
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
.0
–
–
W
–
.1
.5
.4
1.0
.5
(s)
.2
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
3.2
4.0
3.8
4.2
6.6
1.5
3.3
3.5
5.1
6.3
4.9
9.0
11.4
8.8
6.7
3.4
2.3
3.0
2.4
3.7
3.5
5.6
6.7
5.3
5.1
4.9
3.9
4.1
4.8
5.2
3.6
4.0
9.6
8.2
5.7
9.4
16.2
22.6
25.8
R30.9
35.8
0.9
1.9
3.2
5.8
6.9
5.8
9.3
13.6
13.9
6.8
3.4
3.3
1.2
2.9
3.9
4.4
7.1
9.5
10.7
10.2
7.2
7.2
7.7
9.4
8.3
5.7
8.8
14.8
12.3
13.7
17.3
20.3
26.5
30.7
R37.4
53.5
0.8
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.2
.8
1.9
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.3
2.7
1.8
2.8
2.2
3.0
4.9
3.9
4.6
4.9
5.0
6.2
8.9
8.3
5.1
6.5
11.7
9.3
9.6
11.1
16.0
21.7
23.9
27.7
34.7
Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries
Total
OPEC 4
5.2
11.6
14.9
22.2
29.6
27.1
39.7
47.5
39.0
22.0
16.1
16.1
12.9
10.4
15.5
14.0
21.9
27.2
22.3
22.2
20.7
19.7
21.6
25.3
24.4
17.4
26.1
45.4
38.1
35.5
46.3
68.0
90.3
106.9
R139.9
192.4
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also
includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in
"Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of
OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included
in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.
Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.
2
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Norway
United
Kingdom
1.9
3.3
2.8
1.8
1.4
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.3
4.4
2.8
3.8
3.4
3.9
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.3
6.3
7.8
7.7
5.4
7.5
13.2
10.3
12.1
15.1
20.4
26.7
35.5
R41.6
64.0
W
.0
.0
–
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.3
.8
.6
.9
1.1
.9
.7
.9
.8
1.3
1.8
1.9
1.7
3.0
3.5
2.5
2.2
1.8
2.0
3.0
3.2
R3.6
6.1
–
W
.3
.4
.9
1.6
3.3
5.9
5.8
6.7
7.2
6.5
6.7
2.8
3.7
3.1
4.3
4.9
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.8
6.1
8.7
8.6
5.3
7.4
12.5
9.9
12.1
14.6
18.9
24.7
30.9
32.0
37.5
0.0
–
.1
.2
.3
.6
.6
1.9
1.6
1.3
.7
1.2
.3
.3
.5
.3
.9
.7
.6
.9
.9
1.2
1.7
2.3
2.1
1.1
1.8
3.3
2.6
3.4
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.3
1.5
1.1
0.0
.0
–
W
.5
.9
1.7
2.3
5.0
5.5
4.1
4.1
2.9
1.7
2.1
1.5
1.1
1.3
.8
1.5
2.0
2.4
2.2
1.6
1.3
.8
1.9
3.1
2.3
3.9
4.0
3.4
4.5
3.2
R2.7
2.7
Total
Non-OPEC 4
2.4
4.1
4.1
3.6
5.1
6.2
11.3
17.4
19.5
20.2
19.1
19.7
18.3
10.2
14.7
12.3
15.8
18.2
15.7
17.3
18.3
19.4
22.6
30.5
29.9
20.2
28.8
46.0
36.2
44.3
51.4
65.2
91.9
111.4
R109.0
145.5
Total 5
7.6
15.6
19.0
25.8
34.7
33.3
51.0
64.9
58.5
42.2
35.2
35.8
31.2
20.6
30.1
26.3
37.7
45.5
38.0
39.5
38.9
39.1
44.3
55.8
54.4
37.6
54.9
91.4
74.3
79.8
97.7
133.2
182.2
218.3
R248.9
337.9
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than $0.05 billion. W=Value withheld to
avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Notes: • Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values in this table are for the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and volume data from the following sources:
• 1973-1975—U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply
Monthly (February 2009).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
173
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008
Summary
Composite Costs
100
100
80
Dollars per Barrel
Nominal Dollars¹ per Barrel
120
80
60
40
60
40
Real²
Imported
20
20
Domestic
Composite
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
Nominal¹
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
Domestic Costs
1970
1990
1995
2000
2005
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Dollars per Barrel
80
80
60
40
Real²
60
40
Real²
20
20
Nominal¹
Nominal¹
0
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.
1970
1975
1980
Source: Table 5.21.
2
174
1985
100
100
1
1980
Imported Costs
120
Dollars per Barrel
1975
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008
(Dollars per Barrel)
Domestic
Year
1968E
1969E
1970E
1971E
1972E
1973E
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Nominal
3.21
3.37
3.46
3.68
3.67
4.17
7.18
8.39
8.84
9.55
10.61
14.27
24.23
34.33
31.22
28.87
28.53
26.66
14.82
17.76
14.74
17.87
22.59
19.33
18.63
16.67
15.67
17.33
20.77
19.61
13.18
17.90
29.11
24.33
24.65
29.82
38.97
52.94
62.62
R69.65
98.44
1
Imported
Real
2
12.88
12.89
12.57
12.73
12.17
13.09
20.68
22.08
21.99
22.34
23.19
28.80
44.83
58.07
49.77
44.27
42.17
38.24
20.80
24.26
19.47
22.75
27.69
22.89
21.57
18.86
17.36
18.82
22.13
20.55
13.66
18.29
29.11
23.76
23.66
28.03
35.60
R46.84
R53.67
R58.13
80.41
Nominal
1
2.90
2.80
2.96
3.17
3.22
4.08
12.52
13.93
13.48
14.53
14.57
21.67
33.89
37.05
33.55
29.30
28.88
26.99
14.00
18.13
14.56
18.08
21.76
18.70
18.20
16.14
15.51
17.14
20.64
18.53
12.04
17.26
27.70
22.00
23.71
27.71
35.90
48.86
59.02
R67.04
92.78
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include
crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the composite
is derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume of
all refiners’ purchases.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
2
Composite
Real
2
11.64
10.71
10.75
10.96
10.67
12.81
36.05
36.66
33.54
33.99
31.84
43.74
62.71
62.67
53.49
44.93
42.69
38.72
19.65
24.77
19.24
23.02
26.67
22.14
21.07
18.26
17.18
18.61
21.99
19.42
12.48
17.64
27.70
21.48
22.76
26.04
32.80
R43.23
R50.58
R55.95
75.79
Nominal
3.17
3.29
3.40
3.60
3.58
4.15
9.07
10.38
10.89
11.96
12.46
17.72
28.07
35.24
31.87
28.99
28.63
26.75
14.55
17.90
14.67
17.97
22.22
19.06
18.43
16.41
15.59
17.23
20.71
19.04
12.52
17.51
28.26
22.95
24.10
28.53
36.98
50.24
60.24
R67.94
94.73
1
Real 2
12.72
12.58
12.35
12.45
11.87
13.03
26.12
27.31
27.09
27.98
27.23
35.76
51.94
59.61
50.81
44.46
42.32
38.37
20.42
24.45
19.38
22.88
27.23
22.57
21.33
18.57
17.27
18.71
22.07
19.96
12.98
17.89
28.26
22.41
23.13
26.81
33.78
R44.45
R51.63
R56.70
77.38
Sources: • 1968-1973—Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. The cost of domestic crude
oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the reported average domestic first purchase
value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated ocean transport cost based on
the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" value published by
the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was derived by weighting domestic costs and imported
costs on the basis of quantities produced and imported. • 1974-January 1976—Federal Energy
Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost Allocation Report." • February 1976-June 1978—FEA,
Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Monthly Cost Allocation Report." • July 1978-1982—EIA, Form ERA-49,
"Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program Refiners’ Monthly Report." • 1983 forward—EIA, Petroleum
Marketing Monthly (April 2009), Table 1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
175
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008
To Resellers
To End Users
325
350
300
325
275
300
No. 2
Distillate
275
Nominal Cents¹ per Gallon, Excluding Taxes
Nominal Cents¹ per Gallon, Excluding Taxes
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline
75
No. 2
Distillate
75
50
50
Propane
25
Propane
25
Residual Fuel Oil
0
0
1992
1
176
Residual Fuel Oil
1994
1996
See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
1992
1994
1996
Source: Table 5.22.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008
(Nominal Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
2008 P
Product
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Sales Prices to Resellers: 2
Aviation Gasoline ............................
Motor Gasoline ...............................
Leaded Regular ............................
Unleaded Regular .........................
Unleaded Midgrade ......................
Premium .......................................
Kerosene ........................................
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................
No. 1 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ..........................
No. 4 Fuel 3 ....................................
Residual Fuel Oil ............................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ..............................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) ...........
99.1
67.7
69.3
64.5
70.8
77.4
63.2
60.5
65.2
58.5
57.9
59.1
49.5
30.8
35.1
28.6
32.8
96.5
62.6
NA
59.3
66.0
72.2
60.4
57.7
64.6
55.9
54.4
57.0
48.8
29.3
33.7
25.6
35.1
93.3
59.9
NA
56.6
63.8
69.5
61.8
53.4
61.5
52.2
50.6
52.9
46.2
31.7
34.5
28.7
32.4
97.5
62.6
NA
59.3
67.0
72.2
58.0
53.9
62.5
53.0
51.1
53.8
46.3
36.3
38.3
33.8
34.4
105.5
71.3
NA
68.5
75.9
80.3
71.4
64.6
75.1
65.3
63.9
65.9
60.3
42.0
45.6
38.9
46.1
106.5
70.0
NA
67.3
74.9
79.2
65.3
61.3
72.3
60.2
59.0
60.6
55.1
38.7
41.5
36.6
41.6
91.2
52.6
NA
49.9
57.6
61.7
46.5
45.0
51.3
43.9
42.2
44.4
38.3
28.0
29.9
26.9
28.8
100.7
64.5
NA
62.0
69.6
72.6
55.0
53.3
63.4
53.6
49.3
54.6
43.0
35.4
38.2
32.9
34.2
133.0
96.3
NA
94.2
101.3
105.5
96.9
88.0
101.9
89.6
88.6
89.8
77.8
56.6
62.7
51.2
59.5
125.6
88.6
NA
86.5
94.5
98.0
82.1
76.3
88.3
77.9
75.6
77.5
69.7
47.6
52.3
42.8
54.0
114.6
82.8
NA
80.6
88.5
92.8
75.2
71.6
80.5
71.8
69.4
72.4
66.3
53.0
54.6
50.8
43.1
128.8
100.2
NA
98.1
106.1
111.3
95.5
87.1
103.3
88.2
88.1
88.3
79.3
66.1
72.8
58.8
60.7
162.7
128.8
NA
126.9
134.0
140.8
127.1
120.8
128.9
117.8
112.5
118.7
103.3
68.1
76.4
60.1
75.1
207.6
167.0
NA
165.4
170.8
178.9
175.7
172.3
180.1
172.0
162.3
173.7
137.7
97.1
111.5
84.2
93.3
249.0
196.9
NA
195.0
201.6
211.7
200.7
196.1
204.4
199.1
183.4
201.2
139.5
113.6
120.2
108.5
103.1
R275.8
218.2
NA
R216.1
R224.5
235.7
224.9
R217.1
R243.0
219.0
R207.2
R220.3
155.1
135.0
140.6
131.4
119.4
333.5
258.5
NA
256.9
261.1
274.6
286.2
302.1
271.0
297.2
274.6
299.6
215.7
186.9
191.7
184.7
141.6
Sales Prices to End Users: 2
Aviation Gasoline ............................
Motor Gasoline ...............................
Leaded Regular ............................
Unleaded Regular .........................
Unleaded Midgrade ......................
Premium .......................................
Kerosene ........................................
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................
No. 1 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ..........................
No. 4 Fuel 3 ....................................
Residual Fuel Oil ............................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ..............................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) ...........
102.7
78.7
78.5
74.3
82.7
91.4
78.8
61.0
66.6
62.0
62.7
61.9
52.6
33.6
38.9
31.2
64.3
99.0
75.9
NA
71.2
80.5
88.9
75.4
58.0
66.6
60.2
60.2
60.2
50.1
33.7
39.7
30.3
67.3
95.7
73.8
NA
68.9
78.5
86.5
66.0
53.4
64.0
55.6
57.2
55.4
50.1
35.2
40.1
33.0
53.0
100.5
76.5
NA
71.7
80.8
89.0
58.9
54.0
62.0
56.0
56.2
56.0
50.5
39.2
43.6
37.7
49.2
111.6
84.7
NA
80.7
89.6
97.2
74.0
65.1
72.6
68.0
67.3
68.1
60.3
45.5
52.6
43.3
60.5
112.8
83.9
NA
79.8
89.5
97.3
74.5
61.3
68.9
64.2
63.6
64.2
56.5
42.3
48.8
40.3
55.2
97.5
67.3
NA
63.0
72.8
80.5
50.1
45.2
55.1
49.2
48.2
49.4
42.8
30.5
35.4
28.7
40.5
105.9
78.1
NA
74.2
83.5
90.6
60.5
54.3
62.1
58.0
55.8
58.4
47.4
37.4
40.5
36.2
45.8
130.6
110.6
NA
107.3
116.8
124.2
112.3
89.9
98.8
93.4
92.7
93.5
76.9
60.2
70.8
56.6
60.3
132.3
103.2
NA
99.7
110.0
117.5
104.5
77.5
90.2
84.0
82.9
84.2
67.9
53.1
64.2
49.2
50.6
128.8
94.7
NA
91.2
101.0
108.8
99.0
72.1
82.8
75.9
73.7
76.2
65.7
56.9
64.0
54.4
41.9
149.3
115.6
NA
112.3
121.8
130.5
122.4
87.2
101.7
94.2
93.3
94.4
85.6
69.8
80.4
65.1
57.7
181.9
143.5
NA
140.4
149.9
159.6
116.0
120.7
126.2
123.5
117.3
124.3
101.7
73.9
83.5
69.2
83.9
223.1
182.9
NA
180.2
189.3
199.2
195.7
173.5
183.2
177.7
170.5
178.6
W
104.8
116.8
97.4
108.9
268.2
212.8
NA
209.9
221.3
232.0
224.4
199.8
213.7
209.1
198.2
209.6
W
121.8
134.2
117.3
135.8
284.9
234.5
NA
231.5
243.8
R255.2
R226.3
R216.5
R228.6
R226.6
224.1
R226.7
W
R137.4
143.6
R135.0
R148.9
331.1
277.7
NA
275.0
288.8
296.3
326.5
305.3
296.5
314.3
298.7
315.0
W
196.4
214.3
188.9
184.4
Refiner Margins 5
Motor Gasoline ...............................
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
Residual Fuel Oil ............................
Composite 6 ....................................
23.8
16.5
14.6
-13.2
19.8
23.5
18.6
16.8
-9.8
19.0
22.8
16.3
15.1
-5.4
19.8
21.6
12.9
12.0
-4.8
18.1
22.0
15.3
16.0
-7.2
19.4
24.7
16.0
14.9
-6.6
20.0
22.8
15.2
14.1
-1.8
19.5
22.8
11.6
11.9
-6.3
18.9
29.0
20.7
22.3
-10.7
26.1
34.0
21.7
23.3
-7.0
29.7
25.4
14.2
14.4
-4.4
21.6
32.3
19.2
20.3
-1.8
28.1
40.8
32.8
29.8
-19.9
36.7
47.4
52.7
52.4
-22.5
48.4
53.5
52.7
55.7
-29.8
53.0
R56.4
33.0
76.6
71.7
-38.6
45.3
1
See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulk
customers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.
3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel.
4 Sulfur content by weight.
5 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude
oil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers.
2
R55.3
R57.2
R-26.8
R55.3
6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to resellers for aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jet
fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, and residual fuel oil.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual
company data.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Source: Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2009), Tables 1, 2, 4, 6,
and 16.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
177
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2008
Nominal Cents¹ per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
Motor Gasoline, Selected Grades
To Resellers
350
300
277
259
275
257
256
273
To End Users
285
281
264
258
282
261
296
275
250
200
150
100
50
0
All Finished
Motor Gasoline
Unleaded
Regular
Unleaded
Regular
Conventional2
Unleaded
Regular
Refomulated
Unleaded
Midgrade
Unleaded
Midgrade
Conventional2
Premium
Distillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane
Nominal Cents¹ per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
To Resellers
350
300
322
326
323
322
302
298
To End Users
300
319
289
250
223
200
185
194
144
150
100
50
(- -)
0
No. 2
Distillate
1
No. 2 Distillate
Fuel Oil to Residences
See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.
Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.
3
> 15 and <= 500 parts per million by weight.
4
> 500 parts per million by weight.
2
178
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel, Low Sulfur3
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel, High Sulfur4
- - = Not applicable.
Note: Data are preliminary.
Source: Table 5.23.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Residual
Fuel Oil
Propane
(Consumer Grade)
Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008
(Nominal Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Product
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Sales Prices to Resellers 2
Motor Gasoline .........................................
Unleaded Regular ...................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Midgrade ................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Premium .................................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
No. 2 Distillate ..........................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ....................................
Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 .............
Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 ....
High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 .....................
Residual Fuel Oil ......................................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ..........................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) .....................
68.0
64.9
NA
NA
NA
71.3
NA
NA
NA
77.6
NA
NA
NA
59.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.6
36.8
30.0
NA
62.8
59.7
NA
NA
NA
66.4
NA
NA
NA
72.2
NA
NA
NA
56.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
30.1
34.1
27.2
NA
60.2
57.1
56.5
62.7
63.2
64.1
63.3
68.9
72.2
69.6
68.6
75.7
76.9
52.9
53.8
NA
54.2
51.9
32.2
35.0
29.8
33.6
63.0
59.9
58.3
66.2
64.6
67.3
65.1
71.1
71.9
72.4
69.5
78.7
77.9
53.6
54.6
NA
55.1
52.4
36.6
38.3
34.4
35.4
71.5
68.9
67.2
74.5
73.3
76.0
73.7
78.9
80.2
80.4
77.7
85.1
85.1
66.0
66.7
NA
67.3
63.9
42.7
46.1
39.7
47.1
70.3
67.7
65.8
75.4
72.5
75.1
72.3
79.1
80.1
79.4
76.4
85.6
84.5
61.1
61.6
NA
61.9
60.2
39.6
42.4
37.5
42.6
53.0
50.4
48.4
57.5
55.1
57.9
55.0
59.9
63.2
61.8
58.7
67.4
67.1
45.0
45.4
NA
45.7
43.7
28.4
30.5
27.1
29.7
64.5
62.1
59.6
69.0
67.6
69.4
65.8
69.5
75.8
72.4
68.8
77.9
78.7
53.8
55.2
NA
55.7
51.9
35.5
38.2
33.3
35.4
96.6
94.6
91.8
101.6
100.6
101.4
97.7
102.1
108.0
105.5
101.3
111.9
111.7
90.1
90.4
NA
90.9
87.5
57.9
63.8
52.3
60.3
88.8
86.8
83.8
94.7
93.0
94.5
90.1
96.5
102.2
98.0
93.3
102.0
105.4
78.5
79.1
NA
79.4
77.1
49.6
54.2
43.8
55.6
83.2
81.3
79.4
85.8
85.6
88.6
85.2
88.5
95.2
92.9
89.7
95.2
98.6
72.8
73.5
NA
73.8
71.2
52.6
54.8
50.2
44.0
100.1
98.2
95.0
103.1
105.8
105.6
101.5
104.3
115.0
110.5
105.5
113.1
118.9
89.1
89.1
NA
89.5
87.0
67.5
73.2
62.1
61.5
128.8
127.1
124.1
128.9
133.9
133.8
130.4
130.5
141.0
140.0
135.1
139.0
146.7
117.8
119.1
NA
119.7
114.6
68.2
74.0
63.8
76.1
167.5
165.9
163.9
166.7
170.8
171.9
169.7
168.2
179.0
179.2
175.6
176.1
184.4
172.7
175.4
NA
176.1
170.4
100.6
110.7
89.9
93.9
197.3
195.6
193.0
195.1
202.2
202.4
199.2
199.9
212.7
212.2
208.3
204.9
218.1
199.9
202.9
NA
204.5
191.5
114.1
120.5
108.7
104.1
Sales Prices to End Users 2
Motor Gasoline .........................................
Unleaded Regular ...................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Midgrade ................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Premium .................................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
No. 2 Distillate ..........................................
No. 2 Distillate to Residences 5 ..............
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ....................................
Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 .............
Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 ....
High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 .....................
Residual Fuel Oil ......................................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ..........................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) .....................
78.7
75.0
NA
NA
NA
82.4
NA
NA
NA
90.6
NA
NA
NA
72.6
93.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.6
39.4
31.9
NA
75.3
71.4
NA
NA
NA
79.2
NA
NA
NA
87.5
NA
NA
NA
71.0
91.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.1
39.3
31.2
NA
72.9
69.0
68.5
73.7
74.3
77.0
76.6
82.1
85.1
85.2
84.6
90.8
93.7
67.5
88.4
62.8
NA
64.2
59.8
35.8
40.3
32.7
77.6
76.1
72.1
71.4
77.3
74.1
80.2
79.3
83.8
82.9
88.3
87.1
93.8
91.4
67.3
86.7
63.6
NA
64.5
61.4
39.7
43.3
37.6
76.6
84.3
80.9
80.1
86.1
83.3
88.5
87.4
92.9
91.6
96.2
95.0
101.9
99.1
79.3
98.9
75.7
NA
76.7
73.2
46.4
52.9
43.0
88.6
83.1
79.7
78.5
88.7
82.2
88.0
86.5
96.4
91.5
95.5
93.9
105.4
98.8
75.3
98.4
71.4
NA
71.9
69.8
42.9
47.2
40.7
87.8
66.0
62.3
61.0
69.4
65.1
71.1
69.5
76.3
74.8
78.6
76.9
84.5
82.2
59.9
85.2
56.2
NA
56.5
55.5
31.1
35.6
29.2
77.4
76.2
72.8
70.8
78.2
77.7
81.2
78.7
85.3
86.9
88.0
85.6
94.0
93.1
67.8
87.6
65.4
NA
66.3
62.0
37.8
40.6
36.6
78.1
109.1
106.3
104.4
111.8
110.9
114.6
112.2
118.5
119.7
121.8
119.2
127.9
126.7
104.4
131.1
100.6
NA
101.4
98.1
60.9
68.3
57.6
104.8
102.2
99.3
96.8
105.9
105.1
108.6
105.2
112.0
115.6
115.4
111.9
121.8
121.7
94.8
125.0
91.2
NA
91.7
89.2
53.3
62.0
49.8
109.4
94.3
91.5
90.1
96.4
94.9
100.2
98.5
103.1
104.2
108.1
106.3
112.8
111.6
87.4
112.9
83.7
NA
84.1
82.2
56.1
61.2
54.0
95.8
113.5
110.8
108.2
114.2
118.3
119.5
116.6
119.3
127.7
128.2
124.5
130.7
135.5
105.8
135.5
100.8
NA
101.4
98.6
69.6
78.5
65.1
115.0
142.3
139.9
137.3
141.4
147.8
148.2
145.3
145.9
156.9
158.0
153.8
156.8
166.0
133.9
154.8
131.6
NA
132.5
128.1
72.5
79.4
68.7
130.7
182.8
180.7
178.9
176.8
186.1
187.7
185.5
182.4
194.5
198.8
195.8
191.5
204.3
189.5
205.2
188.6
NA
189.9
183.3
104.1
114.8
98.5
153.0
212.1
209.8
207.3
207.6
216.8
218.3
215.1
213.8
227.3
230.3
226.3
223.6
237.3
217.6
236.5
216.5
NA
218.3
208.4
121.2
132.2
117.5
172.7
1
See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulk
customers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.
3 Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline.
4 Sulfur content by weight ("ppm" is parts per million).
5 See Note 6, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.
2
2007
R218.6
2008 P
R216.5
258.7
257.1
3,R214.5
3256.4
(3)
(3)
258.4
263.7
3261.3
(3)
272.8
274.7
3274.3
(3)
275.3
297.9
301.8
302.4
300.0
288.8
185.3
189.8
182.4
143.9
R221.5
225.2
3223.5
(3)
231.1
236.2
3,R233.0
(3)
R240.7
R220.8
R223.0
R225.8
R221.1
R195.9
134.2
137.7
131.4
120.6
R233.8
231.3
277.3
275.1
3229.7
3273.2
(3)
R235.7
241.2
3238.9
(3)
247.6
R252.9
3249.7
(3)
R258.4
R236.5
R259.2
234.8
R238.6
R231.7
R218.7
R137.6
R144.5
R135.4
R188.8
(3)
280.6
284.8
3281.8
(3)
293.7
296.1
3293.8
(3)
299.8
322.1
322.0
322.9
322.3
325.8
319.3
194.4
209.8
189.6
223.2
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Sources: • 1992-2007—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Annual, annual
reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2009); EIA, Form EIA-782A, "Refiners’/Gas
Plant Operators’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report"; and EIA, Form EIA-782B, "Resellers’/Retailers’
Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
179
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices
Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2008
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Highway Diesel Fuel, 2008
4.50
3.75
Dollars per Gallon
3.00
2.25
Real¹
1.50
0.75
Nominal²
3.80
Nominal Dollars² per Gallon
$3.32 in 2008
(Nominal)
0.00
3.21
3.31
3.25
Reformulated
Gasoline Areas4
All Areas
3.00
1.50
0.00
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Conventional
Gasoline Areas³
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
Regular Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-2008, Indexed to 1978
4.00
2.0
3.00
1.5
Unleaded
Premium
2.00
1.00
Unleaded
Regular
Leaded Regular
0.00
Consumption
1.0
Price5
0.5
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
2
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
3
Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
180
Index: 1978=1.0
Nominal Dollars² per Gallon
Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
4
“Reformulated Gasoline Areas” are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.
5
All grades, in chained (2000) dollars.
Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Dollars per Gallon)
Motor Gasoline by Grade
Leaded Regular
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Unleaded Regular
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type
Unleaded Premium
3
Conventional
Gasoline Areas 1,2
Reformulated
Gasoline Areas 3,4
All Areas
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
Nominal 5
Nominal 5
Nominal 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.08
1.11
1.22
1.20
1.03
1.14
1.48
1.42
1.35
1.56
1.85
2.27
2.57
2.80
3.25
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.11
1.24
1.20
1.04
1.12
1.49
1.40
1.32
1.51
1.81
2.40
2.71
2.89
3.80
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
0.27
.27
.29
.31
.31
.36
.36
.36
.39
.53
.57
.59
.62
.63
.86
1.19
1.31
1.22
1.16
1.13
1.12
.86
.90
.90
1.00
1.15
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.64
1.62
1.55
1.48
1.39
1.30
1.26
1.20
1.22
1.53
1.49
1.47
1.46
1.37
1.73
2.20
2.22
1.95
1.77
1.67
1.60
1.20
1.23
1.19
1.27
1.41
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.61
.66
.67
.90
1.25
1.38
1.30
1.24
1.21
1.20
.93
.95
.95
1.02
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.11
1.15
1.23
1.23
1.06
1.17
1.51
1.46
1.36
1.59
1.88
2.30
2.59
2.80
3.27
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.53
1.53
1.46
1.82
2.30
2.33
2.07
1.90
1.79
1.72
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.30
1.43
1.35
1.31
1.25
1.23
1.25
1.31
1.29
1.10
1.19
1.51
1.43
1.30
1.50
1.72
2.03
2.22
2.34
2.67
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.47
1.42
1.38
1.37
1.34
1.09
1.09
1.11
1.20
1.35
1.32
1.32
1.30
1.31
1.34
1.41
1.42
1.25
1.36
1.69
1.66
1.56
1.78
2.07
2.49
2.81
3.03
3.52
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.49
2.26
2.12
2.02
1.92
1.52
1.49
1.46
1.52
1.65
1.56
1.52
1.47
1.45
1.45
1.51
1.48
1.30
1.39
1.69
1.62
1.49
1.67
1.89
2.20
R2.40
R2.53
2.87
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.65
.88
1.22
1.35
1.28
1.23
1.20
1.20
.93
.96
.96
1.06
1.22
1.20
1.19
1.17
1.17
1.21
1.29
1.29
1.12
1.22
1.56
1.53
1.44
1.64
1.92
2.34
2.64
2.85
3.32
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.43
1.78
2.26
2.29
2.04
1.88
1.77
1.72
1.31
1.31
1.27
1.35
1.49
1.42
1.38
1.33
1.30
1.31
1.37
1.35
1.16
1.25
1.56
1.50
1.38
1.54
1.76
2.07
2.26
2.38
2.71
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.10
1.09
21.07
21.07
21.10
21.19
21.19
21.02
21.12
21.46
1.38
1.31
1.52
1.81
2.24
2.53
2.77
3.21
Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas."
"Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental
Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.
4 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in
"Reformulated Gasoline Areas."
5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
2
All Grades
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
41.16
41.28
41.25
41.08
41.20
41.54
1.50
1.41
1.66
1.94
2.34
2.65
2.86
3.31
Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated,"
and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: • 1949-1973—Platt’s Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974,
51st Edition. • 1974 forward—Energy Information Administration (EIA), annual averages of monthly data
from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. City Average Gasoline Prices.
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual averages of data from "Weekly U.S. Retail
Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA, weighted annual averages of data from
"Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
181
Petroleum
Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Total
petroleum products supplied is the sum of the products supplied for each petroleum
product, crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each of
these, except crude oil, product supplied is calculated by adding refinery
production, natural gas plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,
imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock additions, refinery inputs, and
exports. Crude oil product supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and at
pipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813, “Monthly Crude Oil Report.”
Prior to 1983, crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline pump stations was reported
as either distillate or residual fuel oil and was included as product supplied for these
products. Petroleum product supplied (see Table 5.11) is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term “Petroleum Consumption” in
Tables 5.13a-d. The sector allocation of product supplied in Tables 5.13a-d for
products used in more than one sector is derived from sales to ultimate consumers
by refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (see Energy Information Administration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales) and from EIA electric power
sector petroleum consumption data (see Tables 8.7b and 8.7c).
Note 2. Adjustment to Total Petroleum Products Supplied. Accurate calculation of the quantity of petroleum products supplied to the domestic market is
complicated by the recycling of products at the refinery, the renaming of products
involved in a transfer, and the receipt of products from outside the primary supply
system. Beginning in 1981, a single adjustment (always a negative quantity) is made
to total product supplied to correct this accounting problem. The calculation of this
adjustment, called “reclassified,” involves only unfinished oils and gasoline blending components. It is the sum of their net changes in primary stocks (net withdrawals is a plus quantity; net additions is a minus quantity) plus imports minus net input
to refineries.
Note 3. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several Energy Information Administration survey
forms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments in
refinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those changes
affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate fuel
oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of those
182
changes, motor gasoline production during the last half of 1980 would have averaged 289,000 barrels per day higher than that which was published on the old basis.
Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980
would have averaged, respectively, 105,000 and 54,000 barrels per day higher than
the numbers that were published.
Note 4. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The methods of deriving Gross Input
to Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follows: for 1949-1966, GIDU is
estimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil reruns at
refineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plant condensate from natural gas
processing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDU is estimated by summing
annual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil reruns, and refinery input of natural
gasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU is published annual data; and
for 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthly data.
Note 5. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. Crude oil domestic first
purchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-1973, weighted average domestic
first purchase values as reported by State agencies and calculated by the Bureau of
Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a sample survey of major first
purchasers’ purchases; for 1976 forward, weighted averages of all first purchasers’
purchases.
Note 6. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. Residential heating oil prices
for 1956 through 1986 were formerly published in the Annual Energy Review.
Those data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—15.2; 1957—16.0; 1958—15.1;
1959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6; 1962—15.6; 1963—16.0; 1964—16.1;
1965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9; 1968—17.4; 1969—17.8; 1970—18.5;
1971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8; 1974—36.0; 1975—37.7; 1976—40.6;
1977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4; 1980—97.4; 1981—119.4; 1982—116.0;
1983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3; 1986—83.6; and 1987—80.3. The
sources of these data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Retail Prices and
Indexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential Usage,” monthly; January
1975–September 1977—Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-P112-M-1,
“No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report”; October 1977–December
1977—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-9, “No. 2 Heating Oil
Supply/Price Monitoring Report”; 1978 forward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing
Annual, Table 15.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
6
Natural Gas
Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 6.0
Natural Gas Flow, 2008
(Trillion Cubic Feet)
1
Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.
Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in
the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.
2
Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for
publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
185
Figure 6.1
Natural Gas Overview
Overview, 1949-2008
Overview, 2008
25
25
Consumption
20.6
20
20
Production¹
15
10
5
Net Imports
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
23.2
15
10
5
0
4.0
1.0
0
-5
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Production¹
2000
Imports
Exports
Consumption
Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2008
4
Trillion Cubic Feet
3
Additions to Storage²
2
Withdrawals from Storage²
1
0
1950
1
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Dry gas.
Underground storage. For 1980-2007, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground
tanks.
1980
1985
Source: Table 6.1.
2
186
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Cubic Feet)
Storage 1 Activity
Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Dry Gas
Production
5,195
6,022
9,029
12,228
15,286
21,014
21,610
21,624
21,731
20,713
19,236
19,098
19,163
19,122
19,663
19,403
19,181
17,820
16,094
17,466
16,454
16,059
16,621
17,103
17,311
17,810
17,698
17,840
18,095
18,821
18,599
18,854
18,902
19,024
18,832
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
R18,504
R19,089
20,574
Supplemental
Gaseous Fuels 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
155
176
145
132
110
126
113
101
101
107
123
113
118
119
111
110
109
103
102
98
90
86
68
68
60
64
66
R63
55
Imports
Exports
Net Imports 3
Withdrawals
Additions
Net Withdrawals 4
Balancing Item 5
0
0
11
156
456
821
935
1,019
1,033
959
953
964
1,011
966
1,253
985
904
933
918
843
950
750
993
1,294
1,382
1,532
1,773
2,138
2,350
2,624
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
R4,608
3,962
20
26
31
11
26
70
80
78
77
77
73
65
56
53
56
49
59
52
55
55
55
61
54
74
107
86
129
216
140
162
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
R822
1,000
-20
-26
-20
144
430
751
854
941
956
882
880
899
955
913
1,198
936
845
882
864
788
894
689
939
1,220
1,275
1,447
1,644
1,921
2,210
2,462
2,687
2,784
2,837
2,993
3,422
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
R3,785
2,962
106
175
437
713
960
1,459
1,508
1,757
1,533
1,701
1,760
1,921
1,750
2,158
2,047
1,972
1,930
2,164
2,270
2,098
2,397
1,837
1,905
2,270
2,854
1,986
2,752
2,772
2,799
2,579
3,025
2,981
2,894
2,432
2,808
3,550
2,344
3,180
3,161
3,088
3,107
2,527
R3,380
3,367
172
230
505
844
1,078
1,857
1,839
1,893
1,974
1,784
2,104
1,756
2,307
2,278
2,295
1,949
2,228
2,472
1,822
2,295
2,163
1,984
1,911
2,211
2,528
2,499
2,672
2,599
2,835
2,865
2,610
2,979
2,870
2,961
2,636
2,721
3,510
2,713
3,358
3,202
3,055
2,963
R3,187
3,335
-66
-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-332
-136
-442
-84
-344
165
-557
-120
-248
23
-297
-308
447
-197
235
-147
-6
59
326
-513
80
173
-36
-286
415
2
24
-530
172
829
-1,166
467
-197
-114
52
-436
R193
32
-139
-175
-247
-274
-319
-228
-339
-328
-196
-289
-235
-216
-41
-287
-372
-640
-500
-537
-703
-217
-428
-493
-444
-453
101
307
27
176
401
139
396
860
871
657
-119
-306
99
45
44
448
232
R89
R-83
-380
Underground storage. For 1980-2007, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks.
See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
4 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than
withdrawals.
5 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes
intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via the
other country).
6 See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.
7 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in
both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,
1989-1992," at end of section.
2
3
Consumption 6
4,971
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
21,793
22,101
22,049
21,223
19,538
19,946
19,521
19,627
20,241
19,877
19,404
18,001
16,835
17,951
17,281
16,221
17,211
18,030
719,119
719,174
719,562
720,228
20,790
21,247
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,007
22,277
22,389
22,011
R21,685
R23,047
23,243
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For
prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.
Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: • 1980-2003—Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, Natural
Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2009), Table 1. Trade: Table 6.3. Storage Activity: • 1949-2007—EIA,
NGA, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, NGM (March 2009), Table 6. Balancing Item: Calculated as
consumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net withdrawals.
Consumption: Table 6.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
187
Figure 6.2
Natural Gas Production
Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2008
30
25
Production Flow, 2008
(Trillion Cubic Feet)
Gross Withdrawals
Trillion Cubic Feet
20
Dry Gas
Production
15
Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2008
25
10
Trillion Cubic Feet
20
5
19.4
15
10
6.6
5
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1
Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply.
188
Natural Gas
Wells
2000
Source: Table 6.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Crude Oil
Wells
Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Cubic Feet)
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Natural Gas Wells
4,986
5,603
7,842
10,853
13,524
18,595
18,925
19,043
19,372
18,669
17,380
17,191
17,416
17,394
18,034
17,573
17,337
15,809
14,153
15,513
14,535
14,154
14,807
15,467
15,709
16,054
16,018
16,165
16,691
17,351
17,282
17,737
17,844
17,729
17,590
17,726
18,129
17,795
17,882
17,885
17,472
R17,996
R18,739
E19,400
Crude Oil Wells
2,561
2,876
3,878
4,234
4,440
5,192
5,163
4,974
4,696
4,181
3,723
3,753
3,681
3,915
3,849
4,297
4,251
4,463
4,506
4,754
5,071
4,977
5,333
5,532
5,366
5,469
5,732
5,967
6,035
6,230
6,462
6,376
6,369
6,380
6,233
6,448
6,371
6,146
6,237
6,084
5,985
R5,539
R5,852
E6,647
Total
7,547
8,480
11,720
15,088
17,963
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
R23,535
R24,591
P26,046
Repressuring
Nonhydrocarbon
Gases Removed
Vented
and Flared
1,273
1,397
1,541
1,754
1,604
1,376
1,310
1,236
1,171
1,080
861
859
935
1,181
1,245
1,365
1,312
1,388
1,458
1,630
1,915
1,838
2,208
2,478
2,475
2,489
2,772
2,973
3,103
3,231
3,565
3,511
3,492
3,427
3,293
3,380
3,371
3,455
3,548
3,702
3,700
3,265
R3,788
E3,817
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
199
222
208
222
224
326
337
376
460
362
289
276
280
414
412
388
518
599
617
615
505
463
502
499
654
711
731
R632
E644
854
801
774
563
319
489
285
248
248
169
134
132
137
153
167
125
98
93
95
108
95
98
124
143
142
150
170
168
227
228
284
272
256
103
110
91
97
99
98
96
119
R129
R151
E130
1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to
petroleum supply (see Tables 5.1 and 5.10).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F.
For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.
Marketed
Production
5,420
6,282
9,405
12,771
16,040
21,921
22,493
22,532
22,648
21,601
20,109
19,952
20,025
19,974
20,471
20,180
19,956
18,582
16,884
18,304
17,270
16,859
17,433
17,918
18,095
18,594
18,532
18,712
18,982
19,710
19,506
19,812
19,866
19,961
19,805
20,198
20,570
19,885
19,974
19,517
18,927
R19,410
R20,019
P21,455
Extraction
Loss 1
224
260
377
543
753
906
883
908
917
887
872
854
863
852
808
777
775
762
790
838
816
800
812
816
785
784
835
872
886
889
908
958
964
938
973
1,016
954
957
876
927
876
906
R930
P881
Dry Gas
Production
5,195
6,022
9,029
12,228
15,286
21,014
21,610
21,624
21,731
20,713
19,236
19,098
19,163
19,122
19,663
19,403
19,181
17,820
16,094
17,466
16,454
16,059
16,621
17,103
17,311
17,810
17,698
17,840
18,095
18,821
18,599
18,854
18,902
19,024
18,832
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
R18,504
R19,089
P20,574
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.
Sources: Natural Gas Wells and Crude Oil Wells: • 1949-1966—Bureau of Mines, Minerals
Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. • 1967-2007—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimates. Total Gross Withdrawals, Marketed
Production, Extraction Loss, and Dry Gas Production: • 1949-2003—EIA, NGA, annual reports.
• 2004 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2009), Table 1. All Other Data: • 1949-2007—EIA,
NGA, annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
189
Figure 6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports
Trade Overview, 1949-2008
5
Trillion Cubic Feet
4
3
2
Total Imports
Total Exports
1
Imports from Canada1
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Trade, 2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-2008
20
5
Imports by Selected Country of Origin
4
15
3
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
3.57
2
Exports by
Country of Destination
1
10
12.7% in 2008
5
0.58
0.26
0.37
0.13
Canada²
Trinidad
and
Tobago³
Other4
4.2% in 1986
0.05
0
Canada²
Mexico 5
0
1960
Japan³
1
4
2
5
By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.
By pipeline.
3
As liquefied natural gas.
190
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from Egypt, Nigeria, Norway, and Qatar.
By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas.
Source: Table 6.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)
Imports by Country of Origin
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Algeria 2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
0
5
10
11
84
253
86
37
55
131
36
24
0
0
17
42
84
64
43
82
51
18
35
66
69
76
47
65
27
53
120
97
17
R77
0
Canada 3
Egypt 2
0
0
11
109
405
779
912
1,009
1,028
959
948
954
997
881
1,001
797
762
783
712
755
926
749
993
1,276
1,339
1,448
1,710
2,094
2,267
2,566
2,816
2,883
2,899
3,052
3,368
3,544
3,729
3,785
3,437
3,607
3,700
3,590
R3,783
3,567
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
120
R115
55
Mexico 3
0
0
(s)
47
52
41
21
8
2
(s)
0
0
2
0
0
102
105
95
75
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
7
7
14
17
15
55
12
10
2
0
0
9
13
54
43
Nigeria 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
38
8
50
12
8
57
95
12
Oman 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
12
3
9
9
2
0
0
0
Exports by Country of Destination
Qatar 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
46
23
35
14
12
3
0
18
3
Trinidad
and Tobago 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
51
99
98
151
378
462
439
389
R448
264
Net imports equal imports minus exports.
As liquefied natural gas.
3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,
1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.
4 Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and
2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; United Arab Emirates in 1996-2000; Norway in 2008; and Other
(unassigned) in 2004.
5 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.
6 Includes 2 billion cubic feet to Russia.
2
Other 2,4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
17
17
11
2
5
3
36
9
0
18
17
Total
Canada 3
0
0
11
156
456
821
935
1,019
1,033
959
953
964
1,011
966
1,253
985
904
933
918
843
950
750
993
1,294
1,382
1,532
1,773
2,138
2,350
2,624
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
R4,608
3,962
(s)
3
11
6
18
11
14
16
15
13
10
8
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
3
20
38
17
15
68
45
53
28
52
56
40
39
73
167
189
271
395
358
341
R482
585
Japan 2
0
0
0
0
0
44
50
48
48
50
53
50
52
48
51
45
56
50
53
53
53
50
49
52
51
53
54
53
56
63
65
68
62
66
64
66
66
63
66
62
65
61
47
50
Net Imports 1
Mexico 3
Total
Total
20
23
20
6
8
15
16
15
14
13
9
7
4
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
17
16
60
96
40
47
61
34
38
53
61
106
141
263
343
397
305
322
R292
365
20
26
31
11
26
70
80
78
77
77
73
65
56
53
56
49
59
52
55
55
55
61
54
74
107
86
129
216
140
162
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
R,6822
1,000
-20
-26
-20
144
430
751
854
941
956
882
880
899
955
913
1,198
936
845
882
864
788
894
689
939
1,220
1,275
1,447
1,644
1,921
2,210
2,462
2,687
2,784
2,837
2,993
3,422
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
R3,785
2,962
Percent of U.S.
Consumption
(5)
(5)
(5)
1.2
2.8
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.5
4.9
4.7
5.9
4.7
4.4
4.9
5.1
4.4
5.2
4.2
5.5
6.8
6.7
7.5
8.4
9.5
10.6
11.6
12.1
12.3
12.5
13.5
15.3
15.2
16.2
15.2
14.7
15.2
16.4
16.0
R16.4
12.7
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.
Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption:
Calculated. All Other Data: • 1949-1954—Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Office of Oil and Gas, Reserves and Natural Gas Division, unpublished
data. • 1955-1971—EIA, Federal Power Commission, by telephone. • 1972-1987—EIA, Form FPC-14,
"Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas." • 1988-2006—EIA, Natural Gas Annual,
annual reports. • 2007 and 2008—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2009), Table 4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
191
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008
Gross Withdrawals by Location
Number of Producing Wells
25
400
Total
20
Thousands
Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative)
468 in 2008
500
30
Offshore
15
Onshore
10
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
Gross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico
Trillion Cubic Feet
9
6
Louisiana¹
Oklahoma
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Texas¹
Federal
GOM²
2000
Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well
Other
States¹
3
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Peak productivity: 435 in 1971
400
300
200
113 in 2008
100
0
1960
2005
Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;
beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”
192
1970
500
12
1
1965
Natural Gas Well Average Productivity
15
0
1960
200
100
5
0
1960
300
1965
1970
2
Gulf of Mexico.
Source: Table 6.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells
State
Texas 1
Louisiana 1
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Oklahoma
Other
States 1
Location
Federal
Gulf of Mexico 2
Total
Onshore 3
Billion Cubic Feet
6,965
7,020
7,199
7,452
7,622
7,741
7,935
8,292
8,566
8,915
9,399
9,519
9,550
9,290
8,859
7,989
7,666
7,496
6,988
7,594
7,656
7,452
6,976
6,429
6,712
6,577
6,656
6,688
6,919
6,881
6,907
6,846
6,708
6,817
6,912
6,873
7,028
15,730
5,799
5,575
5,723
5,752
5,661
5,791
5,734
6,007
R6,326
R6,929
E6,915
3,313
3,571
3,854
4,250
4,515
4,764
5,365
6,087
6,778
7,561
8,076
8,319
8,160
8,491
7,920
7,242
7,143
7,351
7,639
7,359
7,008
6,830
6,217
5,379
5,888
5,218
4,965
5,205
5,248
5,143
5,303
5,100
4,977
5,047
5,226
5,163
5,351
11,538
1,579
1,599
1,485
1,525
1,382
1,378
1,377
1,310
1,378
R1,381
E1,223
1,133
1,160
1,222
1,347
1,423
1,414
1,502
1,621
1,607
1,742
1,811
1,809
1,928
1,890
1,757
1,721
1,842
1,888
1,892
1,958
2,019
2,019
1,985
1,780
2,046
1,993
1,972
2,073
2,167
2,237
2,258
2,154
2,017
2,050
1,935
1,812
1,735
1,704
1,669
1,594
1,613
1,615
1,582
1,558
1,656
1,639
1,689
R1,744
E1,744
3,677
3,710
3,764
3,924
3,975
4,044
4,232
4,252
4,375
4,462
4,501
4,442
4,378
4,396
4,314
4,152
4,293
4,362
4,790
4,973
5,187
5,287
5,094
5,071
5,620
5,818
5,538
6,174
6,665
6,813
7,054
7,651
8,429
8,812
9,508
9,896
9,999
19,999
9,950
10,002
10,386
10,542
10,769
10,944
11,202
11,350
R11,227
R11,723
E12,613
Natural Gas Well Productivity
Offshore 4
Total
Billion Cubic Feet
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
5,242
5,110
5,053
4,968
5,066
4,548
4,447
4,001
3,151
2,914
R2,813
E3,551
15,088
15,460
16,039
16,973
17,536
17,963
19,034
20,252
21,325
22,679
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
R23,535
R24,591
P26,046
1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning
in 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico."
2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these gross
withdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."
3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals.
4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross
withdrawals.
5 As of December 31 each year.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related
14,815
15,142
15,587
16,409
16,914
17,318
18,026
19,065
19,801
20,725
21,368
21,311
20,978
20,856
19,335
17,555
17,348
17,165
16,953
17,061
16,967
16,597
15,499
14,477
15,560
15,421
14,945
15,468
16,253
16,303
16,476
16,900
17,361
17,960
18,585
18,802
18,867
18,897
18,923
18,692
19,130
19,364
19,326
19,614
19,914
20,252
R20,580
R21,732
E21,758
273
318
452
564
622
646
1,007
1,187
1,524
1,954
2,419
2,777
3,039
3,212
3,515
3,549
3,596
3,932
4,356
4,822
4,902
4,991
4,773
4,182
4,707
4,186
4,186
4,672
4,747
4,771
5,047
4,850
4,772
4,766
4,996
4,942
5,246
5,316
5,185
5,131
5,044
5,137
4,615
4,505
4,055
3,205
2,955
R2,859
E4,289
15,088
15,460
16,039
16,973
17,536
17,963
19,034
20,252
21,325
22,679
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
R23,535
R24,591
P26,046
Gross
Withdrawals
From
Natural Gas Wells
Producing
Wells 5
Average
Productivity
Billion Cubic Feet
Thousands
Thousand Cubic Feet
Per Day Per Well
10,853
11,195
11,702
12,606
13,106
13,524
13,894
15,345
16,540
17,489
18,595
18,925
19,043
19,372
18,669
17,380
17,191
17,416
17,394
18,034
17,573
17,337
15,809
14,153
15,513
14,535
14,154
14,807
15,467
15,709
16,054
16,018
16,165
16,691
17,351
17,282
17,737
17,844
17,729
17,590
17,726
18,129
17,795
17,882
17,885
17,472
R17,996
R18,739
E19,400
91
97
100
103
103
112
112
112
114
114
117
119
121
124
126
130
138
148
157
170
182
199
211
222
234
243
242
249
257
262
269
276
275
282
292
299
302
311
317
302
342
373
388
393
406
426
R441
R453
E468
326.7
316.8
319.8
335.4
347.4
331.8
338.4
374.3
395.1
418.6
433.6
434.8
429.4
427.4
404.9
365.3
341.5
323.1
302.7
290.8
263.8
238.9
205.5
174.7
181.2
163.6
160.6
162.8
164.3
164.0
163.4
158.8
160.4
162.1
162.9
158.6
160.6
157.2
153.3
159.4
141.7
133.1
125.7
124.6
120.3
112.4
R111.9
R113.4
E113.3
information.
Sources: Offshore: • 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey. • 1982-1985—U.S. Minerals Management
Service, Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, and
predecessor annual reports. • 1986-2007—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual
(NGA), annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimate. Total (Gross Withdrawals): • 1960-2003—EIA, NGA,
annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2009), Table 1. Average
Productivity: Calculated as gross withdrawals from natural gas wells divided by the number of producing
wells, and then divided by the number of days in the year. All Other Data: • 1960-1966—Bureau of
Mines, Natural Gas Production and Consumption. • 1967-2007—EIA, NGA, annual reports and
unpublished revisions. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
193
Figure 6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector
By Sector, 1949-2008
12
10
Trillion Cubic Feet
Industrial¹
8
6
Residential
4
Electric Power³
Commercial1
2
Transportation2
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Sector Shares, 1950 and 2008
10
75
1950
48
50
6
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
6.7
4.9
4
3.1
34
25
29
26
21
2
3
0
Industrial¹ Transportation²
Electric
Power³
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.
Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in
the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.
194
3
0
Residential Commercial¹
2
14
13
9
0.7
1
2008
7.9
8
Residential
Commercial¹
3
Industrial¹
Transportation²
Electric
Power³
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Source: Table 6.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Cubic Feet)
Commercial Sector
Industrial Sector
Transportation Sector
Other Industrial
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Residential
Sector
CHP 2
Other 3
Total
Lease and
Plant Fuel
CHP 4
993
1,198
2,124
3,103
3,903
4,837
4,972
5,126
4,879
4,786
4,924
5,051
4,821
4,903
4,965
4,752
4,546
4,633
4,381
4,555
4,433
4,314
4,315
4,630
4,781
4,391
4,556
4,690
4,956
4,848
4,850
5,241
4,984
4,520
4,726
4,996
4,771
4,889
5,079
4,869
4,827
4,368
R4,717
4,866
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
30
46
52
62
65
72
78
82
87
87
84
85
79
74
58
72
R68
R68
R70
61
348
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,509
2,608
2,597
2,556
2,508
2,668
2,501
2,601
2,786
2,611
2,520
2,606
2,433
2,524
2,432
2,318
2,430
2,670
2,688
2,576
2,676
2,740
2,796
2,823
2,953
3,076
3,128
2,912
2,961
3,098
2,944
3,070
3,121
3,057
R2,931
R2,764
R2,947
3,061
348
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,509
2,608
2,597
2,556
2,508
2,668
2,501
2,601
2,786
2,611
2,520
2,606
2,433
2,524
2,432
2,318
2,430
2,670
2,718
2,623
2,729
2,803
2,862
2,895
3,031
3,158
3,215
2,999
3,045
3,182
3,023
3,144
3,179
3,129
2,999
R2,832
R3,017
3,122
835
928
1,131
1,237
1,156
1,399
1,414
1,456
1,496
1,477
1,396
1,634
1,659
1,648
1,499
1,026
928
1,109
978
1,077
966
923
1,149
1,096
1,070
1,236
1,129
1,171
1,172
1,124
1,220
1,250
1,203
1,173
1,079
1,151
1,119
1,113
1,122
1,098
1,112
R1,142
R1,199
1,285
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
914
1,055
1,061
1,107
1,124
1,176
1,258
1,289
1,282
1,355
1,401
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
R1,050
946
Non-CHP 5
2,245
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
8,181
8,169
8,689
8,292
6,968
6,964
6,815
6,757
6,899
7,172
7,128
5,831
5,643
6,154
5,901
5,579
5,953
6,383
115,903
115,963
116,170
116,420
6,576
6,613
6,906
7,146
7,229
6,965
6,678
6,757
6,035
6,267
6,007
6,052
5,514
R5,398
R5,574
5,706
Electric Power Sector 1
6
Total
Total
Pipelines
and Distribution 7
2,245
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
8,181
8,169
8,689
8,292
6,968
6,964
6,815
6,757
6,899
7,172
7,128
5,831
5,643
6,154
5,901
5,579
5,953
6,383
116,816
117,018
117,231
117,527
7,700
7,790
8,164
8,435
8,511
8,320
8,079
8,142
7,344
7,507
7,150
7,243
6,597
R6,512
R6,625
6,652
3,081
3,426
4,542
5,771
7,112
9,249
9,594
9,624
10,185
9,769
8,365
8,598
8,474
8,405
8,398
8,198
8,055
6,941
6,621
7,231
6,867
6,502
7,103
7,479
7,886
8,255
8,360
8,698
8,872
8,913
9,384
9,685
9,714
9,493
9,158
9,293
8,463
8,620
8,273
8,341
7,709
R7,654
R7,823
7,937
NA
126
245
347
501
722
743
766
728
669
583
548
533
530
601
635
642
596
490
529
504
485
519
614
629
660
601
588
624
685
700
711
751
635
645
642
625
667
591
566
584
584
R623
628
1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric
utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric
utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."
2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only plants.
3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.
5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP."
6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.
8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.4. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Vehicle
Fuel," at end of section.
9 Included in "Commercial Other."
10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."
11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in
both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," at
end of section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.
Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
Vehicle
Fuel 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
2
3
3
5
6
8
9
12
13
15
15
18
21
23
R24
R25
30
Total
NA
126
245
347
501
722
743
766
728
669
583
548
533
530
601
635
642
596
490
529
504
485
519
614
629
660
602
590
627
689
705
718
760
645
657
655
640
682
610
587
607
R608
R648
658
Electricity
Only
550
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,976
3,977
3,660
3,443
3,158
3,081
3,191
3,188
3,491
3,682
3,640
3,226
2,911
3,111
3,044
2,602
2,844
2,636
112,791
112,794
112,822
112,829
2,755
3,065
3,288
2,824
3,039
3,544
3,729
4,093
4,164
4,258
3,780
4,142
4,592
5,091
R5,612
5,538
CHP
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11315
11451
11494
11619
718
838
949
983
1,026
1,044
1,090
1,114
1,178
1,413
1,355
1,322
1,277
1,131
R1,230
1,123
550
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,976
3,977
3,660
3,443
3,158
3,081
3,191
3,188
3,491
3,682
3,640
3,226
2,911
3,111
3,044
2,602
2,844
2,636
113,105
113,245
113,316
113,448
3,473
3,903
4,237
3,807
4,065
4,588
4,820
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
R6,841
6,661
4,971
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
21,793
22,101
22,049
21,223
19,538
19,946
19,521
19,627
20,241
19,877
19,404
18,001
16,835
17,951
17,281
16,221
17,211
18,030
1119,119
1119,174
1119,562
1120,228
20,790
21,247
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,007
22,277
22,389
22,011
R21,685
R23,047
23,243
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of natural gas
used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of natural gas used to produce useful
thermal output. • See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. • Beginning with 1965, all
volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure base was
14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.
Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial Total, and Pipelines
and Distribution: • 1949-2003—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA),
annual reports and unpublished revisions. • 2004 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2009),
Table 2. Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Vehicle Fuel: • 1990 and 1991—EIA, NGA
2000 (November 2001), Table 95. • 1992-1998—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels
1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February
2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in gasoline-equivalent gallons
were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gasoline conversion factor (see Table A3) and
dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conversion factor (see Table A4). • 1999-2003—EIA, NGA,
annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, NGM (March 2009), Table 2. Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.5b,
8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculated.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
195
Figure 6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage
Underground Storage, 1954-2008
Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-2008
10
8
8
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
1975
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
End-of-Year Storage as Share of Total Consumption, 1954-2008
5
50
Peak: 40% in 1986
Base Gas1
40
3
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
4
Working Gas1
2
1
0
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.
Note: Storage is at end of year.
196
30%
in 2008
20
10
0
1
30
1955
1960
1965
1970
Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2008
(Billion Cubic Feet)
Natural Gas in Underground Storage
Base Gas
Year
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Traditional Storage
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,317
4,290
4,277
4,283
4,259
4,314
4,282
4,224
4,265
4,227
4,129
4,122
4,134
4,154
4,143
1
Salt Caverns
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
44
60
64
67
67
69
70
77
75
76
72
78
77
80
86
Working Gas
Total
Traditional Storage
817
863
919
1,001
1,056
NA
NA
NA
1,571
1,738
1,781
1,848
1,958
2,058
2,128
2,181
2,326
2,485
2,751
2,864
2,912
3,162
3,323
3,391
3,473
3,553
3,642
3,752
3,808
3,847
3,830
3,842
3,819
3,792
3,800
3,812
3,868
3,954
4,044
4,327
4,360
4,349
4,341
4,350
4,326
4,383
4,352
4,301
4,340
4,303
4,201
4,200
4,211
4,234
4,229
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,536
2,082
2,087
2,092
2,626
2,423
1,647
2,789
2,273
2,438
2,598
2,513
2,926
2,756
2,686
Salt Caverns
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
70
72
85
83
104
100
72
115
102
125
98
123
144
123
154
1 Includes native gas.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Storage and capacity are at end of year. • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a
pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related
information.
Total
Natural Gas
Underground
Storage
Capacity
1,281
1,368
1,502
1,674
1,764
1,901
2,184
2,344
2,504
2,745
2,940
3,090
3,225
3,376
3,495
3,602
4,004
4,325
4,480
4,898
4,962
5,374
5,250
5,866
6,020
6,306
6,297
6,569
6,879
6,442
6,706
6,448
6,567
6,548
6,650
6,325
6,936
6,778
6,641
6,649
6,966
6,503
6,513
6,525
7,056
6,906
6,071
7,204
6,715
6,866
6,897
6,835
7,281
7,113
7,069
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,280
6,544
6,678
6,890
6,929
7,434
7,805
7,915
7,985
8,043
8,087
8,145
8,124
8,124
8,120
7,794
7,993
7,932
7,989
8,043
7,953
7,980
8,332
8,179
8,229
8,241
8,415
8,207
8,206
8,255
8,268
8,330
R8,402
8,447
Total
Total
Traditional Storage
465
505
583
673
708
NA
NA
NA
933
1,007
1,159
1,242
1,267
1,318
1,366
1,421
1,678
1,840
1,729
2,034
2,050
2,212
1,926
2,475
2,547
2,753
2,655
2,817
3,071
2,595
2,876
2,607
2,749
2,756
2,850
2,513
3,068
2,824
2,597
2,322
2,606
2,153
2,173
2,175
2,730
2,523
1,719
2,904
2,375
2,563
2,696
2,635
3,070
2,879
2,840
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,853
6,371
6,364
6,375
6,884
6,738
5,929
7,013
6,539
6,665
6,727
6,635
7,059
6,910
6,829
Salt Caverns
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
113
131
149
150
171
169
142
191
177
201
170
201
222
203
240
Sources: • 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas Facts. • 1975-1978—Federal Energy
Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power
Commission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." • 1979-1984—Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report."
• 1985-2007—EIA, Natural Gas
Monthly (NGM), monthly reports, and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, NGM (March
2009), Tables 6, 8, and 9, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly Underground Gas Storage Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
197
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices
Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2008
Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2008
Nominal Dollars¹ per Thousand Cubic Feet
10
9.15
8.51
8
8.07
6
4
2
0
Wellhead
City Gate
Nominal Dollars¹ per Thousand Cubic Feet
Figure 6.7
6
Imports
City Gate
3
Wellhead
0
1950
1960
1980
1990
2000
9
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
8
6
4
Real²
2
Nominal¹
6
3
Real²
Nominal¹
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
See Table D1.
1975
1980
Source: Table 6.7.
2
198
1970
Imports, 1972-2008
10
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
9
Imports
Wellhead, 1949-2008
1
12
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Wellhead 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Nominal
0.06
.07
.10
.14
.16
.17
.18
.19
.22
.30
.44
.58
.79
.91
1.18
1.59
1.98
2.46
2.59
2.66
2.51
1.94
1.67
1.69
1.69
1.71
1.64
1.74
2.04
1.85
1.55
2.17
2.32
1.96
2.19
3.68
4.00
2.95
4.88
5.46
7.33
R6.39
R6.37
P8.07
3
City Gate 2
Real
0.37
.42
.53
.67
.71
.62
.62
.63
.69
.86
1.16
1.44
1.85
1.99
2.38
2.94
3.35
3.92
3.97
3.93
3.60
2.72
2.28
2.23
2.15
2.10
1.94
2.01
2.31
2.05
1.68
2.31
2.43
2.03
2.24
3.68
3.91
2.83
4.59
4.99
R6.48
R5.48
R5.32
P6.59
4
Nominal
3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.95
3.75
3.22
2.87
2.92
3.01
3.03
2.90
3.01
3.21
3.07
2.78
3.34
3.66
3.07
3.10
4.62
5.72
4.12
5.85
6.65
8.67
8.61
R8.12
P9.15
See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
See "City Gate" in Glossary.
3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
4 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.
2
Imports
Real
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.84
5.38
4.52
3.92
3.86
3.83
3.71
3.43
3.48
3.63
3.40
3.02
3.56
3.84
3.18
3.17
4.62
5.59
3.95
5.50
6.08
7.67
R7.38
6.78
P7.47
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.31
.35
.55
1.21
1.72
1.98
2.13
2.49
4.28
4.88
5.03
4.78
4.08
3.21
2.43
1.95
1.84
1.82
1.94
1.83
1.85
2.03
1.87
1.49
1.97
2.17
1.97
2.24
3.95
4.43
3.15
5.17
5.81
8.12
6.88
R6.87
E8.51
3
Real 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.03
1.10
1.58
3.18
4.28
4.63
4.66
5.03
7.92
8.25
8.02
7.33
6.03
4.60
3.41
2.66
2.43
2.32
2.38
2.17
2.14
2.30
2.07
1.62
2.10
2.27
2.04
2.29
3.95
4.33
3.02
4.86
5.31
R7.18
5.90
R5.73
E6.95
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.
Sources: Wellhead and City Gate: • 1949-2003—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural
Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2009),
Table 3. Imports: • 1972 and 1973—Federal Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and Exports of
Natural Gas—Imports and Exports of LNG. • 1974-1976—FPC, United States Imports and Exports of
Natural Gas, annual reports. • 1977-2006—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2007—EIA, NGM (March 2009),
Table 4. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
199
Figure 6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector
Real6 Prices, Indexed, 1980-2008
Nominal¹ Prices, 2008
15
2.00
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Electric Power
11.98
12
1.50
9.61
Index: 1980=1.00
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
13.68
9.35
9
6
1.00
0.50
3
0
Residential²
Commercial³
Industrial4
0.00
1980
Electric
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Power5
Real6 Prices, 1967-2008
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
14
12
10
8
Residential
Commercial
6
Vehicle Fuel
4
Industrial
2
Electric Power
0
1970
1
1975
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Based on 98.1 percent of volume delivered.
3
Based on 75.1 percent of volume delivered.
4
Based on 20.3 percent of volume delivered.
2
200
1980
1985
1990
5
1995
2000
2005
Based on 100.6 percent of volume delivered. For an explanation of values over 100 percent,
see Table 6.8, footnote 8.
6
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
See Table D1.
Source: Table 6.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2008
(Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)
Commercial Sector 1
Residential Sector
Prices
Year
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Prices
Industrial Sector 2
Prices
Transportation Sector
Electric Power Sector 3
4
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7,8
1.04
1.04
1.05
1.09
1.15
1.21
1.29
1.43
1.71
1.98
2.35
2.56
2.98
3.68
4.29
5.17
6.06
6.12
6.12
5.83
5.54
5.47
5.64
5.80
5.82
5.89
6.16
6.41
6.06
6.34
6.94
6.82
6.69
7.76
9.63
7.89
9.63
10.75
12.70
R13.73
R13.06
P13.68
4.35
4.17
4.02
3.96
3.98
4.01
4.05
4.12
4.50
4.93
5.50
5.59
6.01
6.81
7.26
8.24
9.29
9.05
8.78
8.18
7.57
7.23
7.18
7.11
6.89
6.82
6.97
7.10
6.58
6.76
7.27
7.07
6.84
7.76
9.40
7.57
9.05
9.82
11.24
R11.77
R10.90
P11.17
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99.9
99.2
99.2
99.1
99.1
99.1
99.0
99.0
98.8
97.7
95.2
92.6
92.4
97.9
97.5
97.7
98.2
98.1
98.0
E98.1
0.74
.73
.74
.77
.82
.88
.94
1.07
1.35
1.64
2.04
2.23
2.73
3.39
4.00
4.82
5.59
5.55
5.50
5.08
4.77
4.63
4.74
4.83
4.81
4.88
5.22
5.44
5.05
5.40
5.80
5.48
5.33
6.59
8.43
6.63
8.40
9.43
11.34
R12.00
R11.32
P11.98
3.10
2.93
2.83
2.80
2.84
2.92
2.95
3.08
3.55
4.08
4.77
4.87
5.51
6.27
6.77
7.68
8.57
8.20
7.89
7.13
6.52
6.12
6.03
5.92
5.70
5.65
5.91
6.03
5.48
5.75
6.08
5.68
5.45
6.59
8.23
6.36
7.89
8.61
R10.03
R10.28
9.45
P9.79
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93.1
90.7
89.1
86.6
85.1
83.2
83.9
79.3
76.7
77.6
70.8
67.0
66.1
63.9
66.0
77.4
78.2
78.0
82.1
R80.8
R80.5
P75.1
0.34
.34
.35
.37
.41
.45
.50
.67
.96
1.24
1.50
1.70
1.99
2.56
3.14
3.87
4.18
4.22
3.95
3.23
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.93
2.69
2.84
3.07
3.05
2.71
3.42
3.59
3.14
3.12
4.45
5.24
4.02
5.89
6.53
8.56
R7.87
R7.68
P9.61
1.42
1.36
1.34
1.34
1.42
1.49
1.57
1.93
2.53
3.08
3.51
3.72
4.02
4.74
5.31
6.17
6.41
6.24
5.67
4.53
4.02
3.90
3.77
3.59
3.19
3.29
3.47
3.38
2.94
3.64
3.76
3.25
3.19
4.45
5.12
3.86
5.54
5.97
R7.57
R6.75
R6.41
P7.85
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
85.1
80.7
74.7
68.8
59.8
47.4
42.6
36.9
35.2
32.7
30.3
29.7
25.5
24.5
19.4
18.1
16.1
18.8
19.8
20.8
22.7
22.1
23.7
24.1
R23.4
R22.3
P20.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R4.17
3.39
3.96
4.05
4.27
4.11
3.98
4.34
4.44
4.59
4.34
5.54
6.60
5.10
6.19
7.16
9.14
R8.72
R8.45
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R5.31
4.15
4.69
4.69
4.83
4.55
4.32
4.62
4.65
4.76
4.43
5.54
6.45
4.90
5.82
6.54
8.09
R7.48
R7.05
NA
0.28
.22
.27
.29
.32
.34
.38
.51
.77
1.06
1.32
1.48
1.81
2.27
2.89
3.48
3.58
3.70
3.55
2.43
2.32
2.33
2.43
2.38
2.18
2.36
2.61
2.28
2.02
2.69
2.78
2.40
2.62
4.38
4.61
33.68
5.57
6.11
R8.45
7.11
7.31
P9.35
1.17
.88
1.03
1.05
1.11
1.13
1.19
1.47
2.03
2.64
3.09
3.23
3.65
4.20
4.89
5.55
5.49
5.47
5.09
3.41
3.17
3.08
3.09
2.92
2.58
2.73
2.95
2.53
2.19
2.87
2.91
2.49
2.68
4.38
4.50
33.53
5.23
5.58
R7.48
R6.09
R6.10
P7.64
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
92.1
92.7
96.1
96.2
97.1
98.0
96.1
96.9
97.6
92.6
93.9
94.4
94.0
91.7
91.6
89.6
79.6
76.8
79.3
76.5
74.1
73.4
71.4
68.4
68.0
63.7
58.3
50.5
40.2
383.9
91.2
89.8
R89.1
93.4
R92.2
P8100.6
1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants.
2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 2001, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. See
Note 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.
4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used
primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in
the operation of fleet vehicles.
5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
7 The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available.
8 Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported natural
gas consumption—this can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts related
to non-electric generating activities.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. • The average
for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sector
Vehicle Fuel Prices
Prices
by the total quantity consumed. • Prices are intended to include all taxes. • See Note 2, "Classification of
Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related
information.
Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: • 1989-2007—Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition." • 2008—EIA
estimate. Vehicle Fuel: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Electric Power Price: • 1967-2003—EIA, NGA,
annual reports. • 2004-2007—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2009), Table 3. • 2008—EIA,
Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Electric Power Percentage of Sector:
• 1973-2001—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities reported on
Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and predecessor
forms), divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973-1988, see
Table 8.5b; for 1989-2001, see Table 8.7b). • 2002-2007—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power producers reported on Forms FERC-423, "Monthly
Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA-423, "Monthly Cost and Quality of
Fuels for Electric Plants Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power
sector (see Table 8.7b). • 2008—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric
utilities and independent power producers reported on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report,"
divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (see Table 8.7b). All Other
Data: • 1967-2003—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, NGM (March 2009), Table 3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
201
Natural Gas
Note 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental gaseous fuels are any
substances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase the
volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,
propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,
or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.
Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels are
included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.
Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for
1980 forward, EIA estimates the amount consumed by each energy-use sector. It is
assumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by
the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are not
commingled with natural gas used for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or
vehicle fuel. The estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector
(residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that
sector’s natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gas
consumption by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors
(see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption
(see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in
Btu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial values in cubic feet are multiplied
by the “End-Use Sectors” conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power
values in cubic feet are multiplied by the “Electric Power Sector” conversion
factors (see Table A4). Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is
calculated as the sum of the Btu values for the sectors.
Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics are
compiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distribution
companies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sector
from these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and then
balanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are the
following: Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for space
heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector—Consumption by
nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The
commercial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
202
output primarily to support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments; Industrial Sector—Consumption by establishments engaged primarily
in processing unfinished materials into another form of product (including mining;
petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning in 1996, agriculture, forestry,
and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease and plant fuel. The industrial
sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output
primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities; Transportation
Sector—Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, and natural gas delivered for
use as vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)—Consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output at electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form
EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and
Disposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those volumes are probably included in
both the industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in total consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reported as delivered to nonutility
generators.
Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, for 1992 forward, natural gas vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. These revisions, in million
cubic feet, are: 1992–2,112; 1993–2,860; 1994–3,222; 1995–4,619; 1996–6,111;
1997–8,393; 1998–9,416; 1999–10,398; 2000–11,461; 2001–13,788; 2002–15,810;
2003–17,417; 2004–21,466; 2005–22,556; 2006–23,317; and 2007-24,209.
Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices. For 1973-1982,
data for electric power sector natural gas prices include all electric utility plants at
which the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units combined
totaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peaking units are also included
and counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater total. For 1983-1990, data include
all electric utility plants at which the generator nameplate capacity of all steamelectric units combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. For 1991-2001, data
include all electric utility plants at which the generator nameplate capacity of all
steam-electric units and combined-cycle units together totaled 50 megawatts or
greater. For 2002 forward, data include electric utility and independent power
producer plants at which the total facility fossil-fueled nameplate generating
capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of unit type.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
7
Coal
Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 7.0
Coal Flow, 2008
(Million Short Tons)
1
Includes fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste that are consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors.
Notes: • Production categories are estimated; other data are preliminary. • Values are
derived from source data prior to rounding for publication. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
205
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview
Overview, 1949-2008
Million Short Tons
1,500
1,000
Production
500
Consumption
Exports
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Overview, 2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Production as Share of Consumption by Type of Fossil Fuel, 1949-2008
125
1,500
Coal
100
1,122
1,000
Percent
Million Short Tons
1,171
75
Natural Gas¹
50
Petroleum²
500
25
34
82
0
0
Production
1
2
206
Imports
Exports
Consumption
Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.
Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production as share of petroleum products supplied.
1950
1960
1970
Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1980
1990
2000
Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Million Short Tons)
Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Production 1
Waste Coal
Supplied 2
480.6
560.4
490.8
434.3
527.0
612.7
560.9
602.5
598.6
610.0
654.6
684.9
697.2
670.2
781.1
829.7
823.8
838.1
782.1
895.9
883.6
890.3
918.8
950.3
980.7
1,029.1
996.0
997.5
945.4
1,033.5
1,033.0
1,063.9
1,089.9
1,117.5
1,100.4
1,073.6
11,127.7
1,094.3
1,071.8
1,112.1
1,131.5
1,162.7
R1,146.6
1,171.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.4
3.3
4.0
6.3
8.1
8.2
8.6
8.8
8.1
8.7
8.7
9.1
10.1
9.1
10.0
11.3
13.4
14.4
14.1
13.7
Imports
Exports
0.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
2.1
.9
1.2
1.6
3.0
2.1
1.2
1.0
.7
1.3
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.7
2.1
2.9
2.7
3.4
3.8
8.2
8.9
9.5
8.1
7.5
8.7
9.1
12.5
19.8
16.9
25.0
27.3
30.5
36.2
36.3
34.2
32.8
29.4
54.4
38.0
51.0
71.7
57.3
56.7
53.6
60.7
66.3
60.0
54.3
40.7
66.0
91.7
112.5
106.3
77.8
81.5
92.7
85.5
79.6
95.0
100.8
105.8
109.0
102.5
74.5
71.4
88.5
90.5
83.5
78.0
58.5
58.5
48.7
39.6
43.0
48.0
49.9
49.6
59.2
81.5
1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,
and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).
2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in
1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal
included in "Consumption."
3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase.
5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal
supplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.
6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Net Imports 3
Stock Change 4
-32.5
-29.0
-54.1
-37.7
-50.8
-71.7
-57.2
-56.7
-53.5
-58.6
-65.4
-58.8
-52.7
-37.8
-64.0
-90.5
-111.5
-105.5
-76.5
-80.2
-90.7
-83.3
-77.9
-92.9
-98.0
-103.1
-105.6
-98.7
-66.3
-62.5
-79.1
-82.4
-76.1
-69.3
-49.4
-46.0
-28.9
-22.7
-18.0
-20.7
-19.5
-13.4
-22.8
-47.3
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
-8.9
32.2
8.5
22.6
-4.9
36.2
25.6
-19.0
22.6
-29.5
28.7
-27.9
4.0
6.5
-24.9
-13.7
26.5
-.9
-3.0
-51.9
23.6
-.3
-17.5
-11.3
24.2
24.0
-48.3
41.6
10.2
-26.7
-11.5
-9.7
42.6
R5.8
6.4
Losses and
Unaccounted for 5
6,R-35.1
6,R37.3
6,R-10.3
6,R-1.5
6,R4.1
6,R17.7
6,R2.2
6,R21.5
6,R-17.5
2.0
-5.5
13.8
-3.4
12.1
.4
10.8
-1.4
3.1
-1.6
-4.3
2.8
-1.2
-2.5
-1.3
2.9
-1.7
-3.9
.5
-4.9
4.3
.6
1.4
3.7
-4.4
-2.9
.9
7.1
4.0
-4.4
6.9
9.1
8.8
R4.1
9.8
Consumption
483.2
494.1
447.0
398.1
472.0
523.2
501.6
524.3
562.6
558.4
562.6
603.8
625.3
625.2
680.5
702.7
732.6
706.9
736.7
791.3
818.0
804.2
836.9
883.6
895.0
904.5
899.2
907.7
944.1
951.3
962.1
1,006.3
1,029.5
1,037.1
1,038.6
1,084.1
1,060.1
1,066.4
1,094.9
1,107.3
1,126.0
1,112.3
R1,128.0
1,121.7
Notes: • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal Supplied: • 1989-1997—Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants. • 2002
forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2008 (April 2009), Table ES-1. Imports:
• 1949-2001—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." • 2002
forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2008 (April 2009), Table ES-1. Exports: Table
7.4. Stock Change: Table 7.5. Losses and Unaccounted for: Calculated. Consumption: Table 7.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
207
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2008
Total
By Rank
1,500
800
1.2 billion short tons
in 2008
900
600
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
1,200
300
Bituminous
Coal
600
400
Subbituminous Coal¹
200
Lignite¹
0
1950
Anthracite
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
2000
1950
By Mining Method
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
1980
1990
2000
1990
2000
800
600
Surface
300
Underground
1960
1970
¹ Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969.
208
1970
By Location
900
0
1950
1960
1980
1990
2000
East of the Mississippi
600
400
200
West of the Mississippi
0
1950
1960
Source: Table 7.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Million Short Tons)
Rank
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Bituminous
Coal 1
437.9
516.3
464.6
415.5
512.1
578.5
521.3
556.8
543.5
545.7
577.5
588.4
581.0
534.0
612.3
628.8
608.0
620.2
568.6
649.5
613.9
620.1
636.6
638.1
659.8
693.2
650.7
651.8
576.7
640.3
613.8
630.7
653.8
640.6
601.7
574.3
1611.3
572.1
541.5
561.5
571.2
561.6
R542.8
E559.4
Subbituminous
Coal
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
16.4
22.2
27.5
33.9
42.2
51.1
64.8
82.1
96.8
121.5
147.7
159.7
160.9
151.0
179.2
192.7
189.6
200.2
223.5
231.2
244.3
255.3
252.2
274.9
300.5
328.0
340.3
345.1
385.9
406.7
409.2
434.4
438.4
442.6
465.4
474.7
515.3
R523.7
E534.7
Mining Method
Lignite
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
8.0
8.7
11.0
14.3
15.5
19.8
25.5
28.2
34.4
42.5
47.2
50.7
52.4
58.3
63.1
72.4
76.4
78.4
85.1
86.4
88.1
86.5
90.1
89.5
88.1
86.5
88.1
86.3
85.8
87.2
85.6
80.0
82.5
86.4
83.5
83.9
84.2
R78.6
E75.7
Anthracite 1
Underground
Surface 1
East of the
Mississippi 1
West of the
Mississippi 1
Total 1
358.9
421.0
358.0
292.6
338.0
340.5
277.2
305.0
300.1
278.0
293.5
295.5
266.6
242.8
320.9
337.5
316.5
339.2
300.4
352.1
350.8
360.4
372.9
382.2
393.8
424.5
407.2
407.2
351.1
399.1
396.2
409.8
420.7
417.7
391.8
373.7
380.6
357.4
352.8
367.6
368.6
359.0
R351.8
E357.6
121.7
139.4
132.9
141.7
189.0
272.1
283.7
297.4
298.5
332.1
361.2
389.4
430.6
427.4
460.2
492.2
507.3
499.0
481.7
543.9
532.8
529.9
545.9
568.1
586.9
604.5
588.8
590.3
594.4
634.4
636.7
654.0
669.3
699.8
708.6
700.0
1747.1
736.9
719.0
744.5
762.9
803.7
R794.8
E813.9
444.2
524.4
464.2
413.0
499.5
567.8
509.9
538.2
522.1
518.1
543.7
548.8
533.3
487.2
559.7
578.7
553.9
564.3
507.4
587.6
558.7
564.4
581.9
579.6
599.0
630.2
591.3
588.6
516.2
566.3
544.2
563.7
579.4
570.6
529.6
507.5
1528.8
492.9
469.2
484.8
493.8
490.8
R478.2
E493.1
36.4
36.0
26.6
21.3
27.4
44.9
51.0
64.3
76.4
91.9
110.9
136.1
163.9
183.0
221.4
251.0
269.9
273.9
274.7
308.3
324.9
325.9
336.8
370.7
381.7
398.9
404.7
409.0
429.2
467.2
488.7
500.2
510.6
547.0
570.8
566.1
1598.9
601.4
602.5
627.3
637.7
672.0
R668.5
E678.4
480.6
560.4
490.8
434.3
527.0
612.7
560.9
602.5
598.6
610.0
654.6
684.9
697.2
670.2
781.1
829.7
823.8
838.1
782.1
895.9
883.6
890.3
918.8
950.3
980.7
1,029.1
996.0
997.5
945.4
1,033.5
1,033.0
1,063.9
1,089.9
1,117.5
1,100.4
1,073.6
11,127.7
1,094.3
1,071.8
1,112.1
1,131.5
1,162.7
R1,146.6
P1,171.5
42.7
44.1
26.2
18.8
14.9
9.7
8.7
7.1
6.8
6.6
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.0
4.8
6.1
5.4
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.7
4.3
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.7
5.3
4.8
4.6
11.9
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
E1.7
Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.
Included in "Bituminous Coal."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and
"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and
2
Location
1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and Mine Operations—1977;
1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Coal Production, annual reports. • 1979 and
1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Report and Coal Production, annual reports.
• 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal Production, annual reports. • 1989-2000—EIA,
Coal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2007—EIA, Annual Coal Report, annual reports.
• 2008—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2008 (April 2009), Table 1; EIA, Form EIA-7A,
"Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form
7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
209
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector
By Sector, 1949-2008
1,200
Million Short Tons
900
Electric Power³
600
Residential, Commercial¹,
and Transportation²
300
Industrial¹
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2008
1980
1985
1990
1949
900
93
2008
75
Percent
Million Short Tons
2005
100
1,042
600
300
50
44
25
77
(s)
Residential
7
3
Commercial¹
Industrial¹
Electric Power³
0
17
15
13
11
1
Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-only
plants.
2
For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”
210
2000
Sector Shares, 1949 and 2008
1,200
0
1995
(s)
(s)
Residential
Commercial¹
(²)
Industrial¹
Transportation
Electric
Power³
3
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to
sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
(s)=Less than 0.5.
Source: Table 7.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Million Short Tons)
Commercial Sector 1
Electric Power Sector 2
Industrial Sector
Other Industrial
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
Residential
Sector 1
52.4
51.6
35.6
24.2
14.6
9.0
7.4
5.0
4.1
3.7
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.2
1.7
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
.9
.8
.7
.7
.5
.6
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.4
.3
R.4
.4
CHP 3
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.1
Other 4
64.1
63.0
32.9
16.8
11.0
7.1
7.8
6.7
7.0
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.4
7.3
6.7
5.1
6.1
6.8
7.1
7.4
6.1
5.9
5.3
5.6
3.7
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
4.0
2.9
2.8
2.1
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.7
2.4
1.1
R1.2
1.0
Total
64.1
63.0
32.9
16.8
11.0
7.1
7.8
6.7
7.0
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.4
7.3
6.7
5.1
6.1
6.8
7.1
7.4
6.1
5.9
5.3
5.6
4.9
5.4
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.8
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.7
4.6
4.3
R2.9
R3.2
3.2
Coke Plants
91.4
104.0
107.7
81.4
95.3
96.5
83.2
87.7
94.1
90.2
83.6
84.7
77.7
71.4
77.4
66.7
61.0
40.9
37.0
44.0
41.1
35.9
37.0
41.9
40.5
38.9
33.9
32.4
31.3
31.7
33.0
31.7
30.2
28.2
28.1
28.9
26.1
23.7
24.2
23.7
23.4
23.0
22.7
22.1
CHP 5
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
24.9
27.8
27.0
28.2
28.9
29.7
29.4
29.4
29.9
28.6
27.8
28.0
25.8
26.2
24.8
26.6
25.9
25.3
R22.5
23.6
Non-CHP 6
121.2
120.6
110.1
96.0
105.6
90.2
75.6
72.9
68.0
64.9
63.6
61.8
61.5
63.1
67.7
60.3
67.4
64.1
66.0
73.7
75.4
75.6
75.2
76.3
51.3
48.5
48.4
45.8
46.0
45.5
43.7
42.3
41.7
38.9
37.0
37.2
39.5
34.5
36.4
35.6
34.5
34.2
R34.1
31.0
See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section.
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."
3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only
plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.
4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
5 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.
6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP."
7 Included in "Commercial Other."
8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Notes: • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c
Total
121.2
120.6
110.1
96.0
105.6
90.2
75.6
72.9
68.0
64.9
63.6
61.8
61.5
63.1
67.7
60.3
67.4
64.1
66.0
73.7
75.4
75.6
75.2
76.3
76.1
76.3
75.4
74.0
74.9
75.2
73.1
71.7
71.5
67.4
64.7
65.2
65.3
60.7
61.3
62.2
60.3
59.5
R56.6
54.5
Total
Transportation
Sector
Electricity
Only
CHP
70.2
63.0
17.0
3.0
.7
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
84.0
91.9
143.8
176.7
244.8
320.2
327.3
351.8
389.2
391.8
406.0
448.4
477.1
481.2
527.1
569.3
596.8
593.7
625.2
664.4
693.8
685.1
717.9
758.4
767.4
774.2
773.2
781.2
816.6
821.2
832.9
878.8
904.2
920.4
924.7
967.1
946.1
960.1
983.5
994.8
1,015.6
1,004.8
R1,022.8
1,019.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.8
8.4
10.7
13.9
15.1
17.1
17.3
18.1
17.1
16.3
16.2
18.7
18.4
17.4
21.6
21.5
21.8
21.9
R22.3
22.6
212.6
224.6
217.8
177.4
200.8
186.6
158.9
160.6
162.1
155.1
147.2
146.5
139.2
134.5
145.1
127.0
128.4
105.0
103.0
117.8
116.4
111.5
112.1
118.1
116.6
115.2
109.3
106.4
106.2
106.9
106.1
103.4
101.7
95.6
92.8
94.1
91.3
84.4
85.5
85.9
83.8
82.4
R79.3
76.6
Total
Total
84.0
91.9
143.8
176.7
244.8
320.2
327.3
351.8
389.2
391.8
406.0
448.4
477.1
481.2
527.1
569.3
596.8
593.7
625.2
664.4
693.8
685.1
717.9
758.4
772.2
782.6
783.9
795.1
831.6
838.4
850.2
896.9
921.4
936.6
940.9
985.8
964.4
977.5
1,005.1
1,016.3
1,037.5
1,026.6
R1,045.1
1,041.6
483.2
494.1
447.0
398.1
472.0
523.2
501.6
524.3
562.6
558.4
562.6
603.8
625.3
625.2
680.5
702.7
732.6
706.9
736.7
791.3
818.0
804.2
836.9
883.6
895.0
904.5
899.2
907.7
944.1
951.3
962.1
1,006.3
1,029.5
1,037.1
1,038.6
1,084.1
1,060.1
1,066.4
1,094.9
1,107.3
1,126.0
1,112.3
R1,128.0
1,121.7
for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of
section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Sources: Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.5b,
8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook,
"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and
Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Coal—Pennsylvania
Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. • 1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Report, Weekly
Coal Report. • 1981-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly reports.
• 2002 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2008 (April 2009), Table 27.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
211
Figure 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination
Total and Europe, 1960-2008
By Selected Country, 2008
125
25
23.0
20
75
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
100
Total
50
25
0
1960
15
10
7.0
6.4
5.8
5
Europe
3.5
3.2
3.1
France
Italy
Belgium
0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Canada
2005
Netherlands
Brazil
United
Kingdom
By Selected Country, 1960-2008
30
Japan
Million Short Tons
Canada
20
10
Netherlands
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Brazil
1985
1990
Source: Table 7.4.
212
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1995
2000
2005
Table 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008
(Million Short Tons)
Europe
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Canada
12.8
12.1
12.3
14.6
14.8
16.3
16.5
15.8
17.1
17.3
19.1
18.0
18.7
16.7
14.2
17.3
16.9
17.7
15.7
19.5
17.5
18.2
18.6
17.2
20.4
16.4
14.5
16.2
19.2
16.8
15.5
11.2
15.1
8.9
9.2
9.4
12.0
15.0
20.7
19.8
18.8
17.6
16.7
20.8
17.8
19.5
19.9
18.4
23.0
Brazil
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.3
2.0
2.2
2.3
1.5
2.8
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.7
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.3
5.7
5.8
7.1
6.4
5.2
5.5
6.4
6.5
7.5
6.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
3.5
3.5
4.4
4.2
4.5
6.5
6.4
Belgium 1
1.1
1.0
1.3
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.1
.9
1.9
.8
1.1
1.2
1.1
.6
2.2
1.5
1.1
3.2
4.6
4.3
4.8
2.5
3.9
4.4
4.4
4.6
6.5
7.1
8.5
7.5
7.2
5.2
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.3
3.2
2.1
2.9
2.8
2.4
1.8
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.1
3.1
Denmark
0.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(s)
.1
–
.2
1.7
3.9
2.8
1.7
.6
2.2
2.1
.9
2.8
3.2
3.2
4.7
3.8
.3
.5
2.1
1.3
.4
.3
–
.1
–
–
.3
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4
France
0.8
.7
.9
2.7
2.2
2.1
1.6
2.1
1.5
2.3
3.6
3.2
1.7
2.0
2.7
3.6
3.5
2.1
1.7
3.9
7.8
9.7
9.0
4.2
3.8
4.5
5.4
2.9
4.3
6.5
6.9
9.5
8.1
4.0
2.9
3.7
3.9
3.4
3.2
2.5
3.0
2.2
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.4
3.5
Germany 2
4.6
4.3
5.1
5.6
5.2
4.7
4.9
4.7
3.8
3.5
5.0
2.9
2.4
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.0
.9
.6
2.6
2.5
4.3
2.3
1.5
.9
1.1
.8
.5
.7
.7
1.1
1.7
1.0
.5
.3
2.0
1.1
.9
1.2
.6
1.0
.9
1.0
.5
.6
.7
1.7
2.3
2.5
Italy
Netherlands
4.9
4.8
6.0
7.9
8.1
9.0
7.8
5.9
4.3
3.7
4.3
2.7
3.7
3.3
3.9
4.5
4.2
4.1
3.2
5.0
7.1
10.5
11.3
8.1
7.6
10.3
10.4
9.5
11.1
11.2
11.9
11.3
9.3
6.9
7.5
9.1
9.2
7.0
5.3
4.0
3.7
5.4
3.1
2.8
2.1
2.5
3.3
3.5
3.2
Through 1999, includes Luxembourg.
Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for
Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.
P=Preliminary. NA = Not Available. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
2
2.8
2.6
3.3
5.0
4.2
3.4
3.2
2.2
1.5
1.6
2.1
1.6
2.3
1.8
2.6
2.1
3.5
2.0
1.1
2.0
4.7
6.8
5.9
4.2
5.5
6.3
5.6
4.1
5.1
6.1
8.4
9.6
9.1
5.6
4.9
7.3
7.1
4.8
4.5
3.4
2.6
2.1
1.7
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.1
4.6
7.0
Spain
0.3
.2
.8
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.8
3.2
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.7
2.5
1.6
.8
1.4
3.4
6.4
5.6
3.3
2.3
3.5
2.6
2.5
2.5
3.3
3.8
4.7
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.7
4.1
4.1
3.2
2.5
2.7
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.9
1.6
1.5
2.4
Turkey
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
2.2
2.4
.8
2.0
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.3
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.6
.8
1.8
.9
.6
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.9
United
Kingdom
–
–
(s)
–
–
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
(s)
1.7
2.4
.9
1.4
1.9
.8
.6
.4
1.4
4.1
2.3
2.0
1.2
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.7
4.5
5.2
6.2
5.6
4.1
3.4
4.7
6.2
7.2
5.9
3.2
3.3
2.5
1.9
1.5
2.0
1.8
2.6
3.4
5.8
Other
Total
Japan
Other
Total
2.4
2.0
1.8
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.1
1.3
.9
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.2
4.4
6.0
8.2
6.0
4.7
3.9
8.1
5.9
5.8
6.4
7.2
7.4
8.2
6.6
5.3
6.0
8.7
7.7
7.1
5.3
3.5
3.9
2.4
1.8
2.1
2.3
4.1
4.2
5.8
10.6
17.1
15.7
19.1
27.7
26.0
25.1
23.1
19.4
15.5
15.2
21.8
16.6
16.9
14.4
16.1
19.0
19.9
15.0
11.0
23.9
41.9
57.0
51.3
33.1
32.8
45.1
42.6
34.2
45.1
51.6
58.4
65.5
57.3
37.6
35.8
48.6
47.2
41.3
33.8
22.5
25.0
20.8
15.6
15.1
15.2
18.8
20.8
27.1
40.3
5.6
6.6
6.5
6.1
6.5
7.5
7.8
12.2
15.8
21.4
27.6
19.7
18.0
19.2
27.3
25.4
18.8
15.9
10.1
15.7
23.1
25.9
25.8
17.9
16.3
15.4
11.4
11.1
14.1
13.8
13.3
12.3
12.3
11.9
10.2
11.8
10.5
8.0
7.7
5.0
4.4
2.1
1.3
(s)
4.4
2.1
.3
(s)
1.7
1.3
1.0
1.0
.9
1.1
.9
1.0
1.0
.9
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.6
2.1
3.5
2.5
4.1
6.0
8.7
7.5
6.1
7.2
9.9
11.4
12.3
11.3
12.9
12.7
13.0
11.4
11.0
10.7
12.4
14.2
11.8
9.4
6.7
5.8
3.6
2.6
3.6
6.2
5.4
4.1
7.1
10.1
38.0
36.4
40.2
50.4
49.5
51.0
50.1
50.1
51.2
56.9
71.7
57.3
56.7
53.6
60.7
66.3
60.0
54.3
40.7
66.0
91.7
112.5
106.3
77.8
81.5
92.7
85.5
79.6
95.0
100.8
105.8
109.0
102.5
74.5
71.4
88.5
90.5
83.5
78.0
58.5
58.5
48.7
39.6
43.0
48.0
49.9
49.6
59.2
81.5
Sources: • 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports by
Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. • 1989-2000—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Coal Industry
Annual, annual reports. • 2001 forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December, quarterly reports;
and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
213
Figure 7.5 Coal Stocks
Total and Electric Power Sector Stocks, 1949-2008
250
By Holding Entity, 2008
175
Total
163
150
150
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
200
Electric
Power
Sector¹
100
125
100
75
50
50
27
25
8
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Electric
Power Sector¹
Producers
and Distributors
Industrial
Sector
By Holding Entity, 1949-2008
200
Electric Power Sector¹
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
Producers and Distributors
Industrial Sector
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to
sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
214
1980
1985
Note: Stocks are at end of year.
Source: Table 7.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Million Short Tons)
Consumers
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Producers
and
Distributors
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12.5
11.6
12.1
14.2
14.2
20.7
20.8
24.4
24.1
36.8
33.9
34.1
33.1
32.1
28.3
30.4
29.0
33.4
33.0
34.0
25.3
33.2
34.4
28.6
34.0
36.5
39.5
31.9
35.9
43.3
38.3
41.2
35.0
36.5
R34.0
E27.3
Residential
and Commercial
Sectors
1.4
2.5
1.0
.7
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
Industrial Sector
Coke Plants
10.0
16.8
13.4
11.1
10.6
9.0
7.3
9.1
7.0
6.2
8.8
9.9
12.8
8.3
10.2
9.1
6.5
4.6
4.3
6.2
3.4
3.0
3.9
3.1
2.9
3.3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.4
.9
1.3
2.6
2.9
1.9
2.3
Other
1
16.1
26.2
15.9
11.6
13.1
11.8
5.6
7.6
10.4
6.6
8.5
7.1
11.1
9.0
11.8
12.0
9.9
9.5
8.7
11.3
10.4
10.4
10.8
8.8
7.4
8.7
7.1
7.0
6.7
6.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.6
4.6
6.0
5.8
4.7
4.8
5.6
6.5
5.6
6.0
1 Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in
1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.
2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1998, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
3 Included in "Industrial Sector Other."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Total
26.0
43.0
29.3
22.8
23.8
20.8
12.9
16.7
17.4
12.8
17.3
17.0
23.9
17.3
21.9
21.0
16.4
14.1
13.1
17.5
13.9
13.4
14.7
11.9
10.2
12.0
9.8
9.6
9.1
9.2
8.3
8.4
7.6
7.6
7.5
6.1
7.5
7.2
5.6
6.2
8.2
9.4
7.6
8.3
Transportation
Sector
Electric
Power
Sector 2
Total
Total
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22.1
31.8
41.4
51.7
54.5
71.9
77.8
99.7
87.0
83.5
110.7
117.4
133.2
128.2
159.7
183.0
168.9
181.1
155.6
179.7
156.4
161.8
170.8
146.5
135.9
156.2
157.9
154.1
111.3
126.9
126.3
114.6
98.8
120.5
141.6
102.3
138.5
141.7
121.6
106.7
101.1
141.0
R151.2
163.1
49.5
77.3
71.7
75.2
78.6
93.0
91.0
116.8
104.6
96.6
128.3
134.7
157.3
145.9
182.0
204.0
185.3
195.3
168.7
197.2
170.2
175.2
185.5
158.4
146.1
168.2
167.7
163.7
120.5
136.1
134.6
123.0
106.4
128.1
149.1
108.4
146.0
148.9
127.2
112.9
109.3
150.4
R158.8
171.9
49.5
77.3
71.7
75.2
78.6
93.0
91.0
116.8
117.2
108.2
140.4
148.9
171.5
166.6
202.8
228.4
209.4
232.0
202.6
231.3
203.4
207.3
213.8
188.8
175.1
201.6
200.7
197.7
145.7
169.4
169.1
151.6
140.4
164.6
188.6
140.3
181.9
192.1
165.5
154.0
144.3
186.9
R192.8
199.2
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Sources: Electric Power Sector: Table 8.8. All Other Data: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines,
Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters.
• 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in
1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports,
Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. • 1979—EIA, Energy Data Report,
Weekly Coal Report. • 1980-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly
reports. • 2002 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2008 (April 2009), Table 32.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
215
Figure 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity
Mining Methods, 2008
6
5.99 in 2008
4
1.77 in 1978
2
1960
1970
1980
1990
17.76
9
6
3.17
3
0
2000
Mining Method,1 1949-2008
20
9.82
0
1950
Location, 2008
12
Peak: 6.99 in 2000
Short Tons per Employee Hour
Short Tons per Employee Hour
8
Short Tons per Employee Hour
Total, 1949-2008
Underground
15
10
5
3.13
0
Surface
East of the
Mississippi
By Region and Mining Method, 2008
12
24
9
6
Underground
3
0
18
12
6.08
6
2.89
3.58
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.
Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.
216
21.82
Short Tons per Employee Hour
Short Tons per Employee Hour
Surface
1
West of the
Mississippi
Underground
Surface
East of Mississippi
Source: Table 7.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Underground
Surface
West of Mississippi
Table 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Short Tons per Employee Hour 1)
Mining Method
Location
East of the Mississippi
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Underground
Surface
30.68
31.92
3.72
31.96
31.04
32.65
31.33
32.91
31.75
34.10
31.72
34.53
31.50
34.49
31.49
34.54
31.46
34.58
31.41
34.74
31.19
33.26
31.14
33.25
31.09
33.16
31.04
33.03
1.13
1.20
1.29
1.37
1.61
1.72
1.78
2.00
2.20
2.38
2.46
2.54
2.69
2.93
2.95
3.19
3.39
3.57
3.83
3.90
3.99
4.15
4.02
3.98
4.04
3.96
3.62
3.37
R3.34
3.17
3.08
3.21
3.42
3.36
3.81
4.03
4.24
4.60
4.98
5.32
5.61
5.94
6.38
6.59
7.23
7.67
8.48
9.05
9.46
9.58
10.39
11.01
210.58
10.36
10.75
10.55
10.03
10.18
R10.24
9.82
2
Underground
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.69
1.75
1.96
2.16
2.32
2.39
2.46
2.59
2.82
2.81
3.02
3.19
3.36
3.63
3.69
3.74
3.89
3.71
3.67
3.68
3.59
3.28
3.06
R3.03
2.89
Surface
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.56
2.52
2.75
2.97
2.99
3.13
3.32
3.49
3.61
3.74
3.85
4.03
4.25
4.49
4.31
4.48
4.82
24.53
4.22
4.18
3.95
3.75
3.74
R3.74
3.58
1 Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 for
anthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee day—these data were converted to short
tons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated by
dividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginning
in 1998, the calculation also includes office workers.
2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.
3 Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
West of the Mississippi
Total
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.98
2.00
2.21
2.42
2.54
2.63
2.73
2.86
3.07
3.11
3.28
3.45
3.63
3.89
3.89
3.97
4.18
23.98
3.86
3.85
3.72
3.44
3.29
R3.27
3.13
Underground
Surface 2
Total 2
Total 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.49
2.45
2.80
3.39
3.55
3.92
4.01
4.53
4.85
5.18
5.93
6.32
7.03
6.82
6.76
7.45
7.66
8.39
7.80
8.33
8.22
7.48
6.62
R6.52
6.08
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.15
8.61
9.02
9.86
10.73
11.86
12.26
12.36
12.49
13.94
15.19
16.23
17.89
18.63
18.82
19.57
20.04
220.63
20.67
21.42
22.04
21.98
22.26
R22.35
21.82
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.07
7.40
7.90
8.73
9.38
10.21
10.41
10.79
11.03
12.14
13.22
14.18
15.66
16.04
16.27
17.18
17.62
218.32
18.06
18.67
19.00
18.50
18.33
R18.23
17.76
0.72
.76
1.14
1.52
2.09
2.30
2.19
2.18
2.16
2.31
1.81
1.78
1.80
1.77
1.81
1.93
2.10
2.11
2.50
2.64
2.74
3.01
3.30
3.55
3.70
3.83
4.09
4.36
4.70
4.98
5.38
5.69
6.04
6.20
6.61
6.99
26.82
6.80
6.95
6.80
6.36
6.26
R6.27
5.99
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and
"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and
1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and Mine Operations—1977;
1978 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. • 1979—EIA, Energy Data Report, Coal
Production—1979. • 1980-1988—EIA, Coal Production, annual reports. • 1989-2000—EIA, Coal Industry
Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2007—EIA, Annual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Form
EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration,
Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
217
Figure 7.7 Coke Overview
Production and Consumption, 1949-2008
80
Consumption
Million Short Tons
60
40
Production
20
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
Overview, 2008
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Trade, 1949-2008
20
8
17.0
15.6
6
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
15
10
5
Imports
4
2
3.6
Exports
2.0
0
0
Production
Imports
Exports
Consumption
1950
1960
Source: Table 7.7.
218
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Million Short Tons)
Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Production
Imports
Exports
Net Imports 1
Stock Change 2
Consumption 3
63.6
72.7
75.3
57.2
66.9
66.5
57.4
60.5
64.3
61.6
57.2
58.3
53.5
49.0
52.9
46.1
42.8
28.1
25.8
30.4
28.4
24.9
26.3
28.9
28.0
27.6
24.0
23.4
23.2
22.7
23.7
23.1
22.1
20.0
20.0
20.8
18.9
16.8
17.2
16.9
16.7
16.4
16.2
15.6
0.3
.4
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
1.1
3.5
1.8
1.3
1.8
5.7
4.0
.7
.5
.1
(s)
.6
.6
.3
.9
2.7
2.3
.8
1.2
2.1
2.2
3.3
3.8
2.5
3.1
3.8
3.2
3.8
2.5
3.2
2.8
6.9
3.5
4.1
2.5
3.6
0.5
.4
.5
.4
.8
2.5
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
.7
1.4
2.1
1.2
1.0
.7
1.0
1.1
1.0
.6
1.1
1.1
.6
.8
.7
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.1
.9
1.1
1.3
.8
.7
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.4
2.0
-0.3
(s)
-.4
-.2
-.7
-2.3
-1.3
-1.0
-.3
2.3
.5
(s)
.6
5.0
2.5
-1.4
-.6
-.9
-.6
-.5
-.5
-.7
.3
1.6
1.2
.2
.4
1.4
1.1
2.4
2.5
.9
1.9
2.7
2.3
2.6
1.2
2.5
2.0
5.6
1.8
2.5
1.0
1.6
0.2
-.7
-1.2
.1
.7
1.0
-.6
-.6
-1.7
-.2
4.1
1.5
(s)
-2.9
1.7
3.4
-1.9
1.5
-4.7
.2
-1.2
-.5
-1.0
.5
.3
(s)
.2
-.2
-.4
-.5
.4
(s)
(s)
-.4
-.1
.2
-.1
-.4
-.2
(s)
.3
.1
-.1
.3
63.2
73.4
76.1
56.9
65.4
63.2
56.7
60.0
65.8
64.1
53.7
56.8
54.1
56.9
53.8
41.3
44.0
25.8
29.9
29.7
29.1
24.7
27.7
30.0
28.9
27.8
24.2
25.0
24.7
25.6
25.8
24.0
24.0
23.1
22.4
23.2
20.2
19.6
19.4
22.5
18.2
18.8
17.3
17.0
Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a
positive value indicates an increase.
3 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.
P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
2
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coke and Coal Chemicals" chapter.
• 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coke and Coal Chemicals,
annual reports. • 1981-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly reports.
• 2002 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2008 (April 2009), Table ES-2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
219
Figure 7.8 Coal Prices
Total, 1949-2008
Peak
1975: $50.92
Chained (2000) Dollars¹ per Short Ton
60
40
2008: $26.62
20
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
By Type, 1949-2008
1975
1980
1995
2000
2005
60
60
Anthracite
30
Bituminous Coal
Lignite
Subbituminous Coal
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
¹ Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.
² See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Nominal Dollars² per Short Ton
51.45
220
1990
By Type, 2008
90
Chained (2000) Dollars¹ per Short Ton
1985
51.02
50
40
32.59
30
20
16.40
11.74
10
0
Bituminous
Coal
Anthracite
Source: Table 7.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Lignite
Subbituminous
Coal
Total
Table 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Dollars per Short Ton)
Bituminous Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008E
Nominal
2
Real
Lignite 1
Subbituminous Coal
3
44.90
429.97
44.86
429.40
44.51
424.06
44.71
422.38
44.45
419.75
46.30
422.88
47.13
424.66
47.78
425.79
48.71
427.35
416.01
446.11
419.79
452.08
420.11
450.03
420.59
448.16
422.64
449.48
27.31
29.17
31.51
32.15
31.11
30.63
30.78
28.84
28.19
27.66
27.40
27.43
27.49
26.78
26.15
25.68
25.56
25.17
24.64
24.87
23.92
24.15
25.36
26.57
26.73
30.56
36.80
39.32
R40.80
51.45
55.12
53.98
53.30
51.25
47.71
45.27
44.15
40.48
38.51
36.54
34.88
33.62
32.55
31.00
29.59
28.45
27.75
26.82
25.82
25.78
24.44
24.15
24.77
25.50
25.12
27.92
R32.56
R33.70
R34.05
42.03
Nominal
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.55
11.08
12.18
13.37
13.03
12.41
12.57
12.26
11.32
10.45
10.16
9.70
9.68
9.68
9.33
8.37
8.10
7.87
7.42
6.96
6.87
7.12
6.67
7.34
7.73
8.12
8.68
9.95
R10.69
11.74
2
Real
3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
19.27
20.50
20.60
21.31
19.98
18.34
18.03
17.21
15.47
13.81
12.93
11.89
11.46
11.21
10.56
9.27
8.79
8.39
7.78
7.21
7.02
7.12
6.51
7.05
7.26
7.42
7.68
R8.53
R8.92
9.59
Nominal
2.37
2.41
2.38
2.29
2.13
1.86
1.93
2.04
2.09
2.19
3.17
3.74
4.03
5.68
6.48
7.60
8.85
9.79
9.91
10.45
10.68
10.64
10.85
10.06
9.91
10.13
10.89
10.81
11.11
10.77
10.83
10.92
10.91
11.08
11.04
11.41
11.52
11.07
11.20
12.27
13.49
14.00
14.89
16.40
1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977
and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.
2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
4 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."
R=Revised. E=Estimate.
Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point
of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.
2
Anthracite
Real
3
14.49
14.58
12.70
10.88
9.45
6.76
6.68
6.76
6.56
6.31
8.34
9.30
9.43
12.41
13.08
14.06
14.97
15.61
15.20
15.45
15.32
14.93
14.82
13.29
12.62
12.42
12.90
12.51
12.57
11.93
11.76
11.64
11.43
11.49
11.28
11.41
11.25
10.63
10.53
11.21
R11.93
R12.00
R12.43
13.40
Nominal
8.90
9.34
8.00
8.01
8.51
11.03
12.08
12.40
13.65
22.19
32.26
33.92
34.86
35.25
41.06
42.51
44.28
49.85
52.29
48.22
45.80
44.12
43.65
44.16
42.93
39.40
36.34
34.24
32.94
36.07
39.78
36.78
35.12
42.91
35.13
40.90
47.67
47.78
49.87
39.77
41.00
43.61
R52.24
51.02
2
Total
Real
3
54.43
56.50
42.68
38.07
37.76
40.06
41.78
41.11
42.86
63.90
84.89
84.39
81.54
77.04
82.87
78.66
74.90
79.47
80.19
71.27
65.70
61.92
59.63
58.34
54.65
48.29
43.03
39.64
37.27
39.96
43.19
39.19
36.81
44.48
35.90
40.90
46.55
45.86
46.87
36.33
R36.27
R37.38
R43.60
41.68
Nominal
5.24
5.19
4.69
4.83
4.55
6.34
7.15
7.72
8.59
15.82
19.35
19.56
19.95
21.86
23.75
24.65
26.40
27.25
25.98
25.61
25.20
23.79
23.07
22.07
21.82
21.76
21.49
21.03
19.85
19.41
18.83
18.50
18.14
17.67
16.63
16.78
17.38
17.98
17.85
19.93
23.59
25.16
R26.20
32.59
2
Real 3
32.05
31.40
25.02
22.96
20.19
23.03
24.73
25.59
26.97
45.56
50.92
48.66
46.66
47.77
47.93
45.61
44.66
43.44
39.84
37.85
36.15
33.39
31.52
29.16
27.78
26.67
25.45
24.34
22.46
21.50
20.44
19.71
19.01
18.32
16.99
16.78
16.97
17.26
16.78
18.21
R20.87
R21.56
R21.87
26.62
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook. • 1976—Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976, and BOM, Minerals
Yearbook. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and
Mine Operations, and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1979—EIA, Coal Production, and Energy Data
Report, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite.
•
1980-1992—EIA, Coal Production, annual reports.
• 1993-2000—EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and unpublished revisions. • 2001-2007—EIA,
Annual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S.
Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment
and Coal Production Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
221
Coal
Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminous
coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarily
from consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electric
power companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based on consumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Data on coal consumption by the residential and commercial
sectors are based on distribution data obtained annually from coal distributors. Included
in each sector’s data are the following: Residential and Commercial Sectors—retail
dealer sales to households and small commercial establishments; Industrial
Sector—consumption at manufacturing plants, large commercial establishments,
coking plants, and by agriculture, mining (other than coal mining), and construction
industries; Transportation Sector—sales to railroads and for vessel bunkering; Electric
Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)—consumption for
electricity generation and useful thermal output at electricity-only and CHP plants
within the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
222
Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates. Coal
consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to the Energy
Information Administration (EIA) for the two sectors combined; EIA estimates the
amount consumed by the sectors individually. To create the estimates, it is first
assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing unit consumes fuel at the same Btu
rate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then, for the years in which data are available on
the number of occupied housing units by heating source (1950, 1960, 1970,
1973–1981, and subsequent odd-numbered years; see Table 2.7), residential
consumption of coal is estimated by the following steps: a ratio is created of the
number of occupied housing units heated by coal to the number of housing units
heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed by
the residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btu quantity of coal consumed by
the residential sector; and, finally, the amount estimated as the residential sector
consumption is subtracted from the residential and commercial sectors’ combined
consumption to derive the commercial sector’s estimated consumption. The 1950
share is applied to 1949, and the other missing years’ shares are interpolated.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
8
Electricity
High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 8.0
Electricity Flow, 2008
(Quadrillion Btu)
1
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels.
2
Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,
and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
3
Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram by
subtracting the “T & D Losses” estimate from “T & D Losses and Unaccounted for” derived from
Table 8.1.
4
Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.
5
Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of
generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated as 7 percent of gross generation.
6
Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that
consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial
process located within the same facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Notes: • Data are preliminary. • See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses,” at the
end of Section 2. • Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for publication.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 4), and Energy Information Administration,
Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
225
Figure 8.1
Electricity Overview
Overview, 2008
Electricity Trade, 1949-2008
4,500
60
3,967
50
Billion Kilowatthours
Billion Kilowatthours
3,722
3,000
1,500
8
0
Electric
Power¹
Commercial
Net Generation
136
57
24
Industrial
Imports
Exports
Trade
151
40
Imports
30
20
10
Exports
Retail
Sales²
Direct
Use³
0
1950
End Use
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2008
(Billion Kilowatthours)
1
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy
service providers.
3
See Table 8.1, footnote 8.
226
4
Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of
generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses,” at
the end of Section 2.
5
Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Kilowatthours)
Net Generation
Trade
Imports 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Electric Power
Sector 2
291
329
547
756
1,055
1,532
1,613
1,750
1,861
1,867
1,918
2,038
2,124
2,206
2,247
2,286
2,295
2,241
2,310
2,416
2,470
2,487
2,572
2,704
22,848
2,901
2,936
2,934
3,044
3,089
3,194
3,284
3,329
3,457
3,530
3,638
3,580
3,698
3,721
3,808
3,902
3,908
R4,005
3,967
Commercial
Sector 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
R8
8
Industrial
Sector 4
Total
5
5
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4115
131
133
143
146
151
151
151
154
154
156
157
149
153
155
154
145
148
R143
136
296
334
550
759
1,058
1,535
1,616
1,753
1,864
1,870
1,921
2,041
2,127
2,209
2,251
2,290
2,298
2,244
2,313
2,419
2,473
2,490
2,575
2,707
2,967
3,038
3,074
3,084
3,197
3,248
3,353
3,444
3,492
3,620
3,695
3,802
3,737
3,858
3,883
3,971
4,055
4,065
R4,157
4,110
From Canada
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16
20
26
29
45
41
42
43
40
43
49
38
37
29
33
43
42
50
56
Exports 1
Total
2
2
5
5
4
6
7
10
17
15
11
11
20
21
23
25
36
33
39
42
46
41
52
39
26
18
22
28
31
47
43
43
43
40
43
49
39
37
30
34
45
43
51
57
Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports.
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data
are for industrial hydroelectric power only.
5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and
delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.
6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy
2
End Use
To Canada
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16
2
2
3
1
2
2
7
12
13
13
16
15
24
22
19
23
20
23
Net Imports 1
Total
Total
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
4
4
4
3
3
3
5
2
3
1
2
4
3
4
3
3
5
5
6
7
15
16
2
3
4
2
4
3
9
14
14
15
16
16
24
23
20
24
20
24
2
2
4
5
(s)
2
4
8
14
13
6
9
17
20
20
21
33
29
35
40
41
36
46
32
11
2
20
25
28
45
39
40
34
26
29
34
22
21
6
11
25
18
31
33
T & D Losses 5
and
Unaccounted
for 6
Retail
Sales 7
Direct
Use 8
Total
43
44
58
76
104
145
150
166
165
177
180
194
197
211
200
216
184
187
198
173
190
158
164
161
R222
203
207
212
224
211
229
231
224
221
240
244
202
248
228
266
269
266
R264
271
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,647
2,713
2,762
2,763
2,861
2,935
3,013
3,101
3,146
3,264
3,312
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
R3,765
3,722
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
109
125
124
134
139
146
151
153
156
161
172
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
R159
E151
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,756
2,837
2,886
2,897
3,001
3,081
3,164
3,254
3,302
3,425
3,484
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
R3,924
3,873
service providers.
8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the
power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the same
facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
227
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)
Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2008
By Source Category, 2008
Other¹
5%
Trillion Kilowatthours
Total
(All Sectors)
4
Trillion Kilowatthours
By Source, 2008
4
5
Electric Power
3
2
Natural
Gas
2.9
3
21%
49%
2
Hydroelectric
Power2
1
20%
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.4
Commercial and Industrial
0
1989
6%
0.8
1
Coal
0
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Fossil
Fuels
2007
Nuclear
Electric
Power
By Major Sources, 1949-2008
Renewable
Energy
2.5
Coal
Trillion Kilowatthours
2.0
1.5
1.0
Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Nuclear Electric
Power
0.5
Hydroelectric Power²
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, solar thermal and photovolatic,
batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, puchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
228
1980
1985
2
1990
1995
Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.
Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2000
2005
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector
By Sector, 2008
Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2008
5
5
4.0
4
Trillion Kilowatthours
Trillion Kilowatthours
4
3
2
1
Electricity-Only Plants
3
2
1
0.1
Electric Power
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
(s)
0
Industrial
0
1989
Commercial
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2008
90
Industrial
Commercial
Billion Kilowatthours
74
60
28
30
17
8
4
1
(ss)
0
Natural Gas
Wood
Coal
(—)
Other Gases¹
¹ Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels.
2
Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
3
(ss)
Petroleum
2
(ss)
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
2
1
Waste
3
1
Other²
— = No data reported.
(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.
(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
229
Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
1
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
135.5
154.5
301.4
403.1
570.9
704.4
713.1
771.1
847.7
828.4
852.8
944.4
985.2
975.7
1,075.0
1,161.6
1,203.2
1,192.0
1,259.4
1,341.7
1,402.1
1,385.8
1,463.8
1,540.7
1,583.8
1,594.0
1,590.6
1,621.2
1,690.1
1,690.7
1,709.4
1,795.2
1,845.0
1,873.5
1,881.1
1,966.3
1,904.0
1,933.1
1,973.7
R1,978.3
R2,012.9
R1,990.5
R2,016.5
1,994.4
1
Petroleum
28.5
33.7
37.1
48.0
64.8
184.2
220.2
274.3
314.3
300.9
289.1
320.0
358.2
365.1
303.5
246.0
206.4
146.8
144.5
119.8
100.2
136.6
118.5
148.9
R164.4
R126.5
119.8
100.2
112.8
105.9
74.6
81.4
92.6
128.8
118.1
111.2
124.9
94.6
119.4
R121.1
R122.2
R64.2
65.7
45.4
2
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
37.0
44.6
95.3
158.0
221.6
372.9
374.0
375.7
340.9
320.1
299.8
294.6
305.5
305.4
329.5
346.2
345.8
305.3
274.1
297.4
291.9
248.5
272.6
252.8
352.6
372.8
381.6
404.1
414.9
460.2
496.1
455.1
479.4
531.3
556.4
601.0
639.1
691.0
649.9
R710.1
R761.0
R816.4
R896.6
876.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.9
10.4
11.3
13.3
13.0
13.3
13.9
14.4
13.4
13.5
14.1
14.0
9.0
11.5
15.6
R15.3
R13.5
R14.2
R13.5
11.6
201.0
232.8
433.8
609.0
857.3
1,261.5
1,307.4
1,421.2
1,502.9
1,449.4
1,441.7
1,559.0
1,648.9
1,646.2
1,708.0
1,753.8
1,755.4
1,644.1
1,678.0
1,758.9
1,794.3
1,770.9
1,854.9
1,942.4
R2,108.6
R2,103.6
2,103.3
2,138.7
2,230.7
2,270.1
2,293.9
2,346.0
2,430.3
2,547.1
2,569.7
2,692.5
2,677.0
2,730.2
2,758.6
R2,824.8
R2,909.5
R2,885.3
R2,992.2
2,928.3
0.0
.0
.0
.5
3.7
21.8
38.1
54.1
83.5
114.0
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
R806.4
806.2
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
R-6.9
-6.2
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
94.8
100.9
116.2
149.4
197.0
251.0
269.5
275.9
275.4
304.2
303.2
286.9
223.6
283.5
283.1
279.2
263.8
312.4
335.3
324.3
284.3
294.0
252.9
226.1
272.0
292.9
289.0
253.1
280.5
260.1
310.8
347.2
356.5
323.3
319.5
275.6
217.0
264.3
275.8
268.4
270.3
289.2
R247.5
248.1
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
7 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
2
230
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
0.4
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.5
.7
.5
.8
.9
27.2
32.5
33.7
36.5
37.6
37.9
36.5
36.8
36.9
36.3
37.0
37.6
35.2
38.7
37.5
R38.1
R38.9
R38.8
R39.0
38.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.6
.7
.7
.7
9.2
13.3
15.7
17.8
18.3
19.1
20.4
20.9
21.7
22.4
22.6
23.1
14.5
15.0
15.8
R15.4
R15.4
16.1
R16.5
17.1
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.5
.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.9
5.1
5.7
4.8
6.1
7.7
9.3
10.3
10.8
10.3
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
R14.6
14.9
Solar/PV 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.8
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
R34.4
52.0
Total
95.2
101.3
116.5
149.6
197.4
251.8
270.4
277.7
277.7
306.9
306.6
290.8
227.7
286.8
287.5
284.7
269.9
317.5
341.7
332.9
295.0
305.5
265.1
238.1
325.3
357.2
357.8
326.9
356.7
336.7
384.8
423.0
433.6
400.4
399.0
356.5
287.7
343.4
355.3
R351.5
R357.7
R385.8
R352.7
371.7
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.8
3.6
4.7
3.7
3.5
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.0
4.8
11.9
13.5
14.0
R14.2
R12.8
R13.0
R12.2
10.4
Total
296.1
334.1
550.3
759.2
1,058.4
1,535.1
1,615.9
1,753.0
1,864.1
1,870.3
1,920.8
2,040.9
2,127.4
2,209.4
2,250.7
2,289.6
2,298.0
2,244.4
2,313.4
2,419.5
2,473.0
2,490.5
2,575.3
2,707.4
R2,967.1
R3,037.8
3,073.8
3,083.9
3,197.2
3,247.5
3,353.5
3,444.2
3,492.2
3,620.3
3,694.8
3,802.1
3,736.6
3,858.5
3,883.2
3,970.6
4,055.4
4,064.7
R4,156.7
4,110.3
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only; hydroelectric data through
1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion killowatthours.
Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum
of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector, and Table 8.1 for industrial sector. • 1989
forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
135.5
154.5
301.4
403.1
570.9
704.4
713.1
771.1
847.7
828.4
852.8
944.4
985.2
975.7
1,075.0
1,161.6
1,203.2
1,192.0
1,259.4
1,341.7
1,402.1
1,385.8
1,463.8
1,540.7
1,562.4
1,572.1
1,568.8
1,597.7
1,665.5
1,666.3
1,686.1
1,772.0
1,820.8
1,850.2
1,858.6
1,943.1
1,882.8
1,910.6
1,952.7
1,957.2
1,992.1
R1,969.7
R1,998.4
1,976.2
28.5
33.7
37.1
48.0
64.8
184.2
220.2
274.3
314.3
300.9
289.1
320.0
358.2
365.1
303.5
246.0
206.4
146.8
144.5
119.8
100.2
136.6
118.5
148.9
159.0
118.9
112.8
92.2
105.4
98.7
68.1
74.8
86.5
122.2
111.5
105.2
119.1
89.7
113.7
114.7
R116.5
R59.7
R61.3
42.3
37.0
44.6
95.3
158.0
221.6
372.9
374.0
375.7
340.9
320.1
299.8
294.6
305.5
305.4
329.5
346.2
345.8
305.3
274.1
297.4
291.9
248.5
272.6
252.8
297.3
309.5
317.8
334.3
342.2
385.7
419.2
378.8
399.6
449.3
473.0
518.0
554.9
607.7
567.3
R627.2
R683.8
734.4
R814.8
798.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.6
.7
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.5
2.3
1.6
2.0
.6
2.0
2.6
R3.6
R3.8
R4.3
R4.0
3.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
201.0
232.8
433.8
609.0
857.3
1,261.5
1,307.4
1,421.2
1,502.9
1,449.4
1,441.7
1,559.0
1,648.9
1,646.2
1,708.0
1,753.8
1,755.4
1,644.1
1,678.0
1,758.9
1,794.3
1,770.9
1,854.9
1,942.4
2,019.1
2,001.1
2,000.1
2,025.4
2,114.1
2,151.7
2,175.3
2,226.9
2,308.4
2,424.0
2,444.8
2,568.3
2,557.5
2,610.0
2,636.4
R2,702.6
2,796.1
2,768.1
R2,878.5
2,820.2
0.0
.0
.0
.5
3.7
21.8
38.1
54.1
83.5
114.0
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
R806.4
806.2
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
R-6.9
-6.2
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
89.7
95.9
113.0
145.8
193.9
247.7
266.3
272.6
272.1
301.0
300.0
283.7
220.5
280.4
279.8
276.0
260.7
309.2
332.1
321.2
281.1
290.8
249.7
222.9
269.2
289.8
286.0
250.0
277.5
254.0
305.4
341.2
350.6
317.9
314.7
271.3
213.7
260.5
271.5
265.1
267.0
286.3
R245.8
246.1
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
0.4
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.5
.7
.5
.8
.9
5.6
7.0
7.7
8.5
9.2
9.2
7.6
8.4
8.7
8.6
9.0
8.9
8.3
9.0
9.5
9.7
10.6
10.3
R10.7
10.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.6
.7
.7
.7
7.7
11.5
13.9
15.9
16.2
17.0
18.0
17.8
18.5
19.2
19.5
20.3
12.9
13.1
13.8
13.1
13.0
13.9
R14.3
14.9
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.5
.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.9
5.1
5.7
4.8
6.1
7.7
9.3
10.3
10.8
10.3
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
R14.6
14.9
Solar/PV 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.8
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
R34.4
52.0
Total
90.1
96.3
113.3
146.0
194.3
248.6
267.2
274.4
274.4
303.7
303.5
287.6
224.5
283.7
284.2
281.5
266.7
314.4
338.6
329.8
291.9
302.3
262.0
234.9
299.5
326.9
327.0
293.9
323.2
299.7
348.0
385.4
396.3
364.0
362.9
320.7
256.0
308.0
321.0
R317.4
323.7
352.2
R320.5
339.6
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.3
(s)
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
6.5
9.1
8.6
R8.3
R6.9
7.1
R6.8
6.9
Total
291.1
329.1
547.0
755.5
1,055.3
1,531.9
1,612.6
1,749.7
1,860.7
1,867.1
1,917.6
2,037.7
2,124.3
2,206.3
2,247.4
2,286.4
2,294.8
2,241.2
2,310.3
2,416.3
2,469.8
2,487.3
2,572.1
2,704.3
2,848.2
2,901.3
2,935.6
2,934.4
3,043.9
3,088.7
3,194.2
3,284.1
3,329.4
3,457.4
3,530.0
3,637.5
3,580.1
3,698.5
3,721.2
3,808.4
3,902.2
3,908.1
R4,005.3
3,966.7
Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867,
"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
231
Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2008
(Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
Biomass
Wood 7
Electricity-Only Plants
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,554.0
1,560.2
1,551.9
1,577.1
1,642.1
1,639.9
1,658.0
1,742.8
1,793.2
1,823.0
1,832.1
1,910.6
1,851.8
1,881.2
1,915.8
1,921.1
1,955.5
1,933.7
R1,962.0
1,938.7
158.3
117.6
112.2
90.1
100.6
92.1
62.0
68.5
80.3
115.7
104.8
98.0
113.2
83.3
108.5
109.4
111.2
55.2
R56.9
38.8
266.9
264.7
267.8
270.9
267.2
299.7
317.4
272.8
291.1
335.9
356.6
399.4
427.0
456.8
421.2
491.2
553.2
618.0
R686.3
681.7
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
.2
(s)
.2
.3
.4
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
1,979.3
1,942.4
1,931.9
1,938.0
2,009.9
2,031.7
2,037.4
2,084.1
2,164.6
2,274.6
2,293.6
2,408.2
2,392.0
2,421.5
2,445.7
2,522.0
2,619.9
2,607.0
R2,705.3
2,659.3
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
R806.4
806.2
(6)
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
R-6.9
-6.2
269.2
289.8
286.0
250.0
277.5
254.0
305.4
341.2
350.6
317.9
314.7
271.3
213.7
260.5
271.5
265.1
267.0
286.2
R245.8
246.1
Waste 8
Geothermal
6.9
10.4
12.2
14.4
14.9
15.4
16.3
16.1
16.4
17.0
17.1
17.6
11.3
11.2
11.9
11.8
11.7
12.5
R12.9
13.5
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
R14.6
14.9
0.9
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
R1.3
1.3
1.4
R1.4
1.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Solar/PV 9
Wind
Total
Other 10
Total
11
4.2
5.6
6.0
6.6
7.2
7.6
5.9
6.5
6.5
6.6
7.3
7.3
6.6
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.5
8.3
R8.7
8.8
0.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.8
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
R34.4
52.0
297.3
324.3
323.7
290.4
319.8
296.5
344.7
381.8
392.0
359.8
358.8
316.4
252.6
304.3
317.0
314.5
320.3
348.7
R317.1
336.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.9
7.6
7.6
7.6
6.2
6.3
R6.0
6.1
2,805.9
2,840.0
2,863.6
2,843.1
2,935.9
2,965.2
3,052.8
3,137.6
3,181.3
3,303.6
3,374.6
3,472.9
3,410.5
3,504.8
3,525.5
3,624.1
3,721.8
3,742.7
R3,828.0
3,801.4
2.2
2.6
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.6
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.7
4.0
R2.9
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
0.3
(s)
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.6
1.4
1.1
R.7
.7
.8
R.7
.8
42.3
61.3
71.9
91.3
108.0
123.5
141.5
146.6
148.1
153.8
155.4
164.6
169.5
193.7
195.7
184.3
180.4
165.4
R177.4
165.3
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8.4
11.9
16.9
20.7
23.4
26.4
28.1
29.2
27.6
27.2
26.6
32.5
31.0
29.4
36.9
36.1
36.5
R36.0
R36.4
37.5
0.7
1.3
.6
2.2
4.8
6.6
6.1
6.3
6.2
6.6
6.7
7.2
6.0
6.5
5.2
5.3
R5.3
R4.5
R4.4
3.5
30.4
44.8
50.0
63.4
75.0
86.0
101.7
105.9
108.5
113.4
116.4
118.6
128.0
150.9
146.1
R136.0
R130.7
R116.4
R128.4
116.8
0.5
.6
.7
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.5
2.3
1.6
1.8
.6
1.7
2.4
R3.2
R3.8
R4.2
R3.9
3.2
39.9
58.7
68.2
87.4
104.2
120.1
137.9
142.7
143.7
149.4
151.2
160.2
165.5
188.5
190.6
R180.6
176.2
161.1
R173.2
161.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the
232
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.1
1.6
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to
sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are included
under "Electricity-Only Plants."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759,
"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility."
• 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923,
"Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008
(Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1
Petroleum
2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothemal
Solar/PV 8
Wind
Total
0.5
.8
.9
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.0
1.1
1.3
R1.6
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.7
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.4
R1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
.5
.6
.6
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
4.3
5.8
5.7
6.2
7.0
7.6
8.2
9.0
8.7
8.7
8.6
7.9
7.4
7.4
7.5
8.3
8.5
8.4
R8.3
7.9
0.9
.9
.9
.9
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.9
.9
.7
.8
.6
.8
.7
.8
R.7
.6
.6
.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25.2
29.3
29.6
31.8
32.3
35.7
35.1
35.2
34.8
33.9
33.5
33.6
30.6
34.3
32.9
R32.4
R32.2
R31.9
R30.5
30.4
3.5
3.6
4.3
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.9
4.7
4.9
3.8
4.8
5.1
R5.1
R5.1
R4.7
2.7
R114.7
Other 9
Total
Commercial Sector 10
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
0.7
.8
.8
.7
.9
.8
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
R1.4
1.3
R1.4
1.2
0.6
.6
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.1
2.2
3.3
3.2
3.9
4.5
4.9
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.3
3.9
R4.0
R4.2
R4.4
R4.3
4.1
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
(s)
R –
–
3.6
4.8
4.5
5.0
5.8
6.3
6.5
6.7
6.2
6.3
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.8
6.0
5.9
R5.8
5.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Industrial Sector 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
20.7
21.1
21.0
22.7
23.7
23.6
22.4
22.2
23.2
22.3
21.5
22.1
20.1
21.5
19.8
R19.8
R19.5
R19.5
R16.7
17.0
R4.8
R7.0
6.5
7.6
7.0
6.8
6.0
6.3
5.6
6.2
6.1
5.6
5.3
4.4
5.3
R6.0
5.4
4.2
R4.2
3.0
53.2
60.0
60.6
65.9
68.2
69.6
71.7
71.0
75.1
77.1
78.8
78.8
79.8
79.0
78.7
R79.0
R72.9
R77.7
R77.6
74.3
7.3
9.6
10.5
12.0
11.9
12.1
11.9
13.0
11.8
11.2
12.5
11.9
8.5
9.5
13.0
R11.7
R9.7
R9.9
R9.4
8.4
R85.9
R97.8
98.6
108.2
110.9
112.1
112.1
112.5
115.8
116.8
118.9
118.4
113.6
114.4
116.8
R116.4
R107.4
R111.3
R107.9
102.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
6 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
2
2.7
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.9
6.0
5.3
5.9
5.7
5.3
4.8
4.1
3.1
3.8
4.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
R1.6
1.9
21.6
25.4
25.9
27.9
28.4
28.7
28.9
28.4
28.2
27.7
28.1
28.7
26.9
29.6
28.0
R28.4
R28.3
R28.4
R28.3
27.9
R130.7
132.6
143.3
146.3
151.2
151.0
151.0
154.1
154.1
156.3
156.7
149.2
152.6
154.5
153.9
144.7
148.3
R143.1
135.7
10
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: • See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note
1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"
at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
11
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
233
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008
Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2008
600
2.5
558
527
500
400
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
2.0
1.5
1.0
328
300
200
110
0.5
100
54
0.0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
By Sector, 1989-2008
17
Wood
Natural
Gas
Coal
Other
Gases¹
Petroleum
Waste
Other²
By Sector, 2008
Industrial
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.3
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
31
0
1.0
0.5
1.2
0.6
Electric Power
0.3
Commercial
0.0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0.1
0.0
Industrial
1
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels.
234
Electric Power
Commercial
² Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008
(Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Coal
1
323
363
352
367
373
388
386
392
389
382
386
384
354
337
333
R352
R342
R333
R327
328
Petroleum
96
127
112
117
129
133
121
133
137
136
125
108
90
73
85
R97
R92
78
R76
54
2
Natural Gas
462
538
547
592
604
646
686
711
713
782
811
812
741
709
610
R654
R624
R603
R554
527
3
Other Gases
93
141
148
160
142
144
145
150
150
167
179
184
133
118
110
R126
R138
R126
R116
110
4
Total
Wood
973
546
651
623
658
668
722
721
701
731
700
690
707
557
546
597
R637
R628
R653
R616
558
R1,168
1,159
1,236
1,248
1,309
1,338
1,385
1,389
1,466
1,501
1,488
1,318
1,236
1,139
R1,230
R1,197
R1,140
R1,074
1,019
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
2
5
Waste 6
30
36
37
40
45
45
47
55
55
57
55
56
28
26
35
R30
R36
R37
R35
31
Total
577
687
660
698
713
767
768
756
785
757
744
764
585
572
632
R667
R665
R690
R651
589
Other 7
39
40
44
42
41
42
44
43
53
46
48
50
55
48
55
R45
41
R49
R47
17
Total
1,589
1,896
1,863
1,976
2,002
2,119
2,151
2,184
2,227
2,269
2,294
2,302
1,958
1,856
1,826
R1,943
R1,903
R1,879
R1,772
1,625
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Data do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. • See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
235
Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008
(Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Coal
1
13
21
21
28
30
37
40
43
39
43
52
53
52
40
38
R39
R40
R38
R38
39
Petroleum
8
9
6
6
8
9
13
12
12
6
7
7
6
4
7
R8
R8
R7
R7
8
2
Natural Gas
67
80
82
102
107
119
118
121
132
142
146
158
164
214
200
R239
R239
R207
R213
214
3
Other Gases
2
4
4
5
3
5
4
4
8
5
4
5
5
6
9
R18
R37
R23
R20
22
4
Total
Wood
90
114
113
140
147
170
176
180
191
196
208
223
226
264
255
R305
R323
R275
R279
282
19
18
17
17
16
15
15
16
16
10
10
6
8
8
9
R9
R10
R10
R11
10
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
2
236
5
Waste 6
5
6
9
8
8
10
12
16
14
16
20
19
4
5
11
R9
R8
R7
R8
8
Total
Other 7
Total
24
25
26
25
24
24
27
33
30
26
30
26
13
13
20
R17
R18
R17
R19
18
1
(s)
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
5
3
R4
R4
R4
R4
5
114
138
140
167
173
195
203
213
221
222
238
249
243
281
278
R326
R346
R297
R302
305
Notes: • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants.
• See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008
(Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
Coal
1
Petroleum
2
Natural Gas
3
Other Gases
4
Total
Wood
Commercial Sector
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
14
15
16
15
18
18
17
20
22
20
20
21
18
18
23
R22
R23
R22
R23
24
4
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
5
3
4
4
3
3
4
R4
2
2
1
10
16
21
24
23
26
29
33
40
39
37
39
35
36
17
R22
R20
R19
R20
17
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
R –
R –
–
27
36
41
44
45
48
48
55
66
64
61
64
58
57
42
49
47
R44
R44
43
5
Waste 6
Total
Other 7
Total
8
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R (s)
(s)
(s)
R1
(s)
10
10
9
13
14
14
15
17
19
18
17
17
8
6
8
R8
8
R9
R6
6
10
11
9
14
14
14
15
18
20
18
17
18
8
7
8
R9
R9
R9
R7
7
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
6
5
6
R6
R6
6
R4
4
38
46
50
57
59
62
63
73
86
82
78
82
72
69
57
R64
R61
R59
R55
53
15
20
19
19
23
21
20
21
22
24
18
20
16
15
16
R13
20
21
21
16
542
652
625
660
675
729
726
705
735
713
697
720
564
552
604
R641
R638
R663
R625
565
38
40
44
40
39
41
44
43
53
46
48
50
46
39
46
R35
R32
39
R38
8
1,437
1,711
1,674
1,752
1,769
1,862
1,884
1,897
1,920
1,965
1,978
1,971
1,644
1,505
1,491
R1,553
R1,496
R1,523
R1,414
1,267
Industrial Sector 9
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
297
327
315
324
325
333
329
329
328
318
313
309
284
278
272
R290
R280
R272
R266
265
84
113
103
107
117
119
105
118
121
124
115
98
80
66
75
R85
R81
R69
R67
45
385
443
444
466
475
501
540
557
541
601
629
615
542
458
393
R393
R364
R377
R322
295
90
137
144
155
139
138
140
146
142
162
175
179
128
112
101
R108
R102
R103
R96
88
856
1,019
1,005
1,052
1,055
1,092
1,114
1,150
1,132
1,206
1,233
1,201
1,034
914
842
R876
R827
R821
R751
694
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
2
527
632
606
641
652
707
706
684
713
689
679
700
548
537
588
R628
R618
R642
R605
548
9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
237
Figure 8.4
Consumption for Electricity Generation
Total and Major Fuel Categories, 1949-2008
By Major Fuel, 2008
50
25
Total Energy
20.6
20
30
Fossil Fuels
20
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
40
15
10
8.5
7.0
Nuclear Electric
Power
10
5
2.5
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Major Fuel, 1949-2008
0.5
0.3
Petroleum
Wood
0
Coal
Nuclear Natural HydroElectric
Gas Electric
Power
Power¹
0.3
0.2
GeoWaste
thermal
0.9
Other²
By Sector, 1989-2008
24
45
Electric Power Sector
Coal
12
Nuclear Electric
Power
6
Renewable
Energy
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
18
30
15
Natural Gas
Commercial³
Petroleum
Industrial³
0
1950
1
1960
1970
1980
1990
Conventional hydroelectric power.
Wind, other gases, electricity net imports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, batteries,
chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and nonrenewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
2
238
0
1989
2000
1991
1993
3
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.
Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2007
Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Renewable Energy
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
7,299
7,811
8,658
8,534
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
1116,359
16,477
16,460
16,686
17,424
17,485
17,687
18,650
19,128
19,417
19,467
20,411
19,789
19,997
20,367
R20,376
R20,802
R20,527
R20,842
20,587
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
11,R1,756
R1,366
1,276
1,076
1,203
1,135
813
888
985
1,378
1,285
1,212
1,347
1,014
1,266
R1,248
R1,269
R668
R683
476
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
4,099
4,084
3,748
3,519
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,810
3,768
3,342
2,998
3,220
3,160
2,691
2,935
2,709
113,582
3,791
3,861
3,999
4,027
4,476
4,840
4,400
4,658
5,205
5,441
5,818
6,001
6,250
5,736
R5,827
R6,212
R6,644
R7,288
7,022
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
90
112
125
141
136
136
133
159
119
125
126
126
97
131
156
R135
R110
R115
R115
95
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
13,893
14,992
15,921
15,418
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,567
18,553
17,491
17,754
18,526
18,792
18,586
19,365
20,123
11,R21,788
R21,746
21,723
21,903
22,790
23,233
23,473
24,097
24,890
26,124
26,320
27,567
27,235
27,392
27,525
R27,586
R28,393
R27,954
R28,927
28,179
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
0
0
0
6
43
239
413
584
910
1,272
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
115,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,033
8,143
7,959
8,222
8,160
8,214
R8,458
8,455
1,425
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
2,824
2,864
2,861
3,177
3,155
2,976
2,333
2,937
2,931
2,900
2,758
3,266
3,527
3,386
2,970
3,071
2,635
2,334
122,837
3,046
3,016
2,617
2,892
2,683
3,205
3,590
3,640
3,297
3,268
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,825
2,690
2,703
2,869
R2,446
2,452
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
11345
442
425
481
485
498
480
513
484
475
490
496
486
605
519
R344
R355
R350
R353
345
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
11151
211
247
283
288
301
316
324
339
332
332
330
228
257
249
R230
R230
R241
R245
250
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of
section.
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
Geothermal 5
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
11308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
R308
312
Solar/PV 5,8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
113
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
8
Wind 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1122
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
R341
514
Total
1,431
1,421
1,363
1,610
2,066
2,649
2,839
2,899
2,907
3,232
3,227
3,057
2,416
3,005
3,020
3,014
2,885
3,374
3,661
3,560
3,183
3,303
2,879
2,569
113,665
4,058
4,058
3,752
4,052
3,848
4,318
4,765
4,811
4,450
4,452
3,995
3,320
3,967
4,016
R3,723
R3,781
R4,035
R3,699
3,882
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
36
59
40
34
40
42
37
36
36
41
46
160
191
193
R183
R173
R162
R168
154
Electricity
Net
Imports 10
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
12
26
49
43
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
84
63
107
112
Total
4,415
4,749
6,500
8,197
11,047
16,293
17,158
18,501
19,788
19,966
20,339
21,547
22,623
23,618
24,021
24,392
24,559
24,096
24,738
25,774
26,191
26,392
27,157
28,387
R31,131
R31,953
32,329
32,261
33,381
33,968
35,043
36,123
36,451
37,767
38,522
39,586
38,823
39,764
39,715
R39,753
R40,591
R40,428
R41,358
40,783
independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. Beginning in 1989, data are for
electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to
produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
• This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The change
was made because most of the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generated
by plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in other
data columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on).
• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sector, and Tables 8.1 and A6 for industrial
sector. • 1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
239
Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector,
Selected Years, 1949-2008 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
7,299
7,811
8,658
8,534
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
1116,121
16,235
16,223
16,431
17,159
17,215
17,416
18,375
18,855
19,162
19,214
20,153
19,549
19,733
20,137
R20,217
R20,649
R20,377
R20,723
20,462
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Petroleum 2
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
111,697
1,281
1,199
990
1,122
1,056
743
810
917
1,306
1,211
1,145
1,280
955
1,199
R1,202
R1,227
R635
R651
454
Natural
Gas 3
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
4,099
4,084
3,748
3,519
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,810
3,768
3,342
2,998
3,220
3,160
2,691
2,935
2,709
113,107
3,233
3,296
3,407
3,426
3,851
4,179
3,730
3,981
4,520
4,742
5,120
5,290
5,522
5,009
R5,209
R5,643
R6,055
R6,681
6,481
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
16
14
23
14
19
9
25
30
R27
R24
R28
R27
21
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
13,893
14,992
15,921
15,418
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,567
18,553
17,491
17,754
18,526
18,792
18,586
19,365
20,123
1120,932
20,755
20,725
20,840
21,719
22,134
22,356
22,930
23,768
25,011
25,181
26,438
26,128
26,235
26,374
R26,655
R27,543
R27,095
R28,083
27,419
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
0
0
0
6
43
239
413
584
910
1,272
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
115,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,033
8,143
7,959
8,222
8,160
8,214
R8,458
8,455
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
2,790
2,829
2,827
3,143
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
112,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
R2,430
2,432
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothermal 5
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
1175
106
104
120
129
134
106
117
117
125
125
126
116
141
156
R150
R166
R163
R165
160
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
11126
180
217
252
255
269
282
280
292
287
290
294
205
224
216
R206
R205
R216
R221
226
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
11308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
R308
312
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of
section.
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to
240
Solar/PV 5,8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
113
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
8
Wind 5
Total
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1122
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
R341
514
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,033
2,615
2,806
2,864
2,873
3,199
3,194
3,024
2,383
2,973
2,986
2,982
2,852
3,341
3,627
3,527
3,150
3,270
2,846
2,536
113,342
3,658
3,677
3,329
3,632
3,389
3,855
4,264
4,337
4,000
3,996
3,547
2,894
3,430
3,576
R3,471
R3,534
R3,794
R3,470
3,653
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
109
137
136
R131
R116
R117
R117
118
Electricity
Net
Imports 10
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
12
26
49
43
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
84
63
107
112
Total
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,014
16,259
17,124
18,466
19,753
19,933
20,307
21,513
22,591
23,587
23,987
24,359
24,525
24,063
24,705
25,741
26,158
26,359
27,124
28,354
29,916
30,526
30,895
30,738
31,859
32,372
33,423
34,420
34,819
36,168
36,888
37,963
37,239
38,016
38,068
R38,518
R39,437
R39,282
R40,233
39,757
produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
• See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • This table no longer
shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The change was made because most
of the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generated by plants other than
pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in other data columns in this
table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on). • See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All Other Data: • 1949-1988—Tables 8.2b,
8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly
Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA,
Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008
(Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
Electricity
Net
Imports
Geothermal
Solar/PV 8
Wind
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12
18
18
19
18
19
23
33
35
34
35
28
16
19
21
R21
R21
R22
R20
21
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
7
11
11
R11
R10
R10
R10
11
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
47
63
59
64
71
75
83
95
94
91
92
82
79
73
89
R78
R78
R77
R75
73
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
311
382
362
405
401
440
440
468
439
417
422
421
410
518
419
R231
R226
R219
R208
208
37
36
55
37
31
38
40
35
36
35
39
45
44
43
46
R41
R46
R35
R41
25
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
R1,168
R1,364
Total
Other 9
Total
Commercial Sector 10
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
9
9
9
8
9
9
12
14
14
11
12
12
13
9
13
R8
R8
R8
R8
8
7
6
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
6
5
6
4
5
R5
R4
R2
2
1
18
28
28
33
38
42
44
44
40
42
40
38
37
31
39
R34
R35
R35
R35
32
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
–
36
45
41
45
53
56
60
62
59
57
57
55
56
44
58
R46
R46
R45
R44
41
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R (s)
R (s)
R (s)
R (s)
(s)
9
15
15
16
16
17
21
31
34
32
33
26
15
18
19
R19
R20
R21
R19
20
Industrial Sector 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
229
233
228
246
256
261
259
261
260
245
242
245
227
255
217
R151
R145
R143
R111
117
R52
R79
74
84
77
75
66
74
63
67
68
61
62
55
61
R42
R39
R31
R30
20
456
530
537
559
562
584
617
626
637
643
660
660
674
697
687
R585
R534
R554
R572
508
83
104
118
128
123
123
114
143
105
102
112
107
88
106
127
R108
R85
R87
R88
74
R820
R946
957
1,017
1,019
1,043
1,057
1,104
1,064
1,056
1,081
1,074
1,051
1,113
1,093
R885
R804
R814
R800
720
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
R16
19
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
267
335
318
359
355
364
373
394
367
349
364
369
370
464
362
R194
R189
R187
R188
185
15
16
14
15
17
14
13
13
14
13
8
10
7
15
13
R5
R5
R3
R4
4
1,374
1,459
1,451
1,521
1,537
1,607
1,538
1,508
1,542
1,540
1,504
1,675
1,558
R1,158
R1,076
R1,068
R1,050
953
10
11
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.4b for electric power
sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
241
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2008
Natural Gas
1.2
8
0.9
6
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Short Tons
Coal
0.6
0.3
0
1989
4
2
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
0
1989
2007
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Wood and Waste
300
0.8
250
0.6
200
Quadrillion Btu
Million Barrels
Total Petroleum
150
Residual Fuel
Oil
100
Wood
0.4
Waste
0.2
50
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0.0
1989
1992
1995
Source: Table 8.5a.
242
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1998
2001
2004
2007
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2008
Coal
Natural Gas
8
1,200
1,038
1,000
—CHP¹
6.3
Trillion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
6
800
600
ElectricityOnly
Plants
400
4
CHP¹
ElectricityOnly
Plants
2
200
0.5
5
0
Electric Power
Industrial²
0
(s)
Commercial²
Petroleum
80
(ss)
0.0
0
Electric Power
Industrial²
Commercial²
Wood and Waste
500
76
—CHP¹
(sss)
400
40
ElectricityOnly
Plants
20
300
200
ElectricityOnly
Plants
189
100
3
0
Electric Power
1
386
CHP¹
Trillion Btu
Million Barrels
60
Industrial²
Combined-heat-and-power plants.
² Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.
(sss)
0
Commercial²
21
0
Electric Power
Industrial²
Commercial²
(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.
(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.
(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.
Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
243
Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)
Petroleum
Coal
1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
83,963
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
327,301
351,768
389,212
391,811
405,962
448,371
477,126
481,235
527,051
569,274
596,797
593,666
625,211
664,399
693,841
685,056
717,894
758,372
781,672
792,457
793,666
805,140
842,153
848,796
860,594
907,209
931,949
946,295
949,802
994,933
972,691
987,583
1,014,058
R1,020,523
R1,041,448
R1,030,556
R1,046,795
1,043,589
1
2
Distillate Fuel Oil
2
Residual Fuel Oil
3
Other Liquids
Thousand Barrels
4,767
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
34,283
53,465
47,058
53,128
38,907
41,843
48,837
47,520
30,691
29,051
21,313
15,337
16,512
15,190
14,635
14,326
15,367
18,769
27,733
18,143
16,564
14,493
16,845
22,365
19,615
20,252
20,309
25,062
25,951
31,675
31,150
23,286
29,672
R20,163
R20,651
R13,174
R15,683
12,431
61,534
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
362,187
440,294
513,190
483,146
467,221
514,077
574,869
588,319
492,606
391,163
329,798
234,434
228,984
189,289
158,779
216,156
184,011
229,327
R249,614
R190,652
177,780
144,467
159,059
145,225
95,507
106,055
118,741
172,728
158,187
143,381
165,312
109,235
142,518
R142,088
R141,518
R58,473
R63,833
37,578
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
303
437
380
759
715
929
680
1,712
237
549
974
1,450
855
1,894
2,947
R2,856
R2,968
R2,174
R2,917
2,259
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
Total
5
Natural Gas
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
605
627
507
625
70
68
98
398
268
179
139
149
261
252
231
313
348
409
667
1,914
1,789
2,504
3,169
3,020
3,355
3,322
4,086
4,860
4,552
3,744
3,871
6,836
6,303
R7,677
R8,330
R7,363
R6,036
5,396
66,301
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
399,496
496,895
562,781
539,399
506,479
556,261
624,193
637,830
524,636
421,110
351,806
250,517
246,804
205,736
174,571
232,046
201,116
250,141
R280,986
R218,800
203,669
172,241
192,462
183,618
132,578
144,626
159,715
222,640
207,871
195,228
216,672
168,597
206,653
R203,494
R206,785
R110,634
R112,615
79,246
550,121
628,919
1,153,280
1,724,762
2,321,101
3,931,860
3,976,018
3,976,913
3,660,172
3,443,428
3,157,669
3,080,868
3,191,200
3,188,363
3,490,523
3,681,595
3,640,154
3,225,518
2,910,767
3,111,342
3,044,083
2,602,370
2,844,051
2,635,613
3,485,429
3,691,563
3,764,778
3,899,718
3,928,653
4,367,148
4,737,871
4,312,458
4,564,770
5,081,384
5,321,984
5,691,481
5,832,305
6,126,062
5,616,135
R5,674,580
R6,036,370
R6,461,615
R7,089,342
6,833,398
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
244
5
6
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
90
112
125
141
136
136
133
159
119
125
126
126
97
131
156
R135
R110
R115
R115
95
7
Wood
8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
345
442
425
481
485
498
480
513
484
475
490
496
486
605
519
R344
R355
R350
R353
345
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
151
211
247
283
288
301
316
324
339
332
332
330
228
257
249
R230
R230
R241
R245
250
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
36
59
40
34
40
42
37
36
36
41
46
160
191
193
R183
R173
R162
R168
154
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumed to
produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,
Selected Years, 1949-2008 (Subset of Table 8.5a)
Petroleum
Coal
1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
83,963
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
327,301
351,768
389,212
391,811
405,962
448,371
477,126
481,235
527,051
569,274
596,797
593,666
625,211
664,399
693,841
685,056
717,894
758,372
771,551
781,301
782,653
793,390
829,851
836,113
847,854
894,400
919,009
934,126
937,888
982,713
961,523
975,251
1,003,036
R1,012,459
R1,033,567
R1,022,802
R1,041,346
1,037,738
1
2
Distillate Fuel Oil
2
Residual Fuel Oil
3
Other Liquids
Thousand Barrels
4,767
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
34,283
53,465
47,058
53,128
38,907
41,843
48,837
47,520
30,691
29,051
21,313
15,337
16,512
15,190
14,635
14,326
15,367
18,769
26,036
16,394
14,255
12,469
14,559
20,241
18,066
18,472
18,646
23,166
23,875
29,722
29,056
21,810
27,441
R18,793
R19,450
R12,578
R15,135
11,981
61,534
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
362,187
440,294
513,190
483,146
467,221
514,077
574,869
588,319
492,606
391,163
329,798
234,434
228,984
189,289
158,779
216,156
184,011
229,327
242,708
183,285
171,629
137,681
151,407
137,198
88,895
98,795
112,423
165,875
151,921
138,047
159,150
104,577
137,361
R138,831
R138,337
R56,347
R62,072
36,606
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
25
58
118
213
667
441
567
130
411
514
403
374
1,243
1,937
R2,511
R2,591
R1,783
R2,496
2,013
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
5
Total
5
Natural Gas
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
605
627
507
625
70
68
98
398
268
179
139
149
261
252
231
313
348
409
517
1,008
974
1,490
2,571
2,256
2,452
2,467
3,201
3,999
3,607
3,155
3,308
5,705
5,719
R7,135
R7,877
R6,905
R5,523
5,005
66,301
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
399,496
496,895
562,781
539,399
506,479
556,261
624,193
637,830
524,636
421,110
351,806
250,517
246,804
205,736
174,571
232,046
201,116
250,141
271,340
204,745
190,810
157,719
179,034
169,387
119,663
130,168
147,202
209,447
194,345
183,946
205,119
156,154
195,336
R195,809
R199,760
R105,235
R107,316
75,626
550,121
628,919
1,153,280
1,724,762
2,321,101
3,931,860
3,976,018
3,976,913
3,660,172
3,443,428
3,157,669
3,080,868
3,191,200
3,188,363
3,490,523
3,681,595
3,640,154
3,225,518
2,910,767
3,111,342
3,044,083
2,602,370
2,844,051
2,635,613
3,023,513
3,147,289
3,216,056
3,324,963
3,344,239
3,758,484
4,093,773
3,659,810
3,903,195
4,415,813
4,643,775
5,014,071
5,142,493
5,408,279
4,909,248
R5,075,339
R5,484,780
R5,891,222
R6,501,612
6,309,332
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
6
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
16
14
23
14
19
9
25
30
R27
R24
R28
R27
21
7
Wood
8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
75
106
104
120
129
134
106
117
117
125
125
126
116
141
156
R150
R166
R163
R165
160
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
126
180
217
252
255
269
282
280
292
287
290
294
205
224
216
R206
R205
R216
R221
226
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
109
137
136
R131
R116
R117
R117
118
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumed to
produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of
Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867,
"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
245
Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type,
1989-2008 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand
Short Tons
2
Residual Fuel Oil
3
Other Liquids
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
5
Total
5
Thousand
Barrels
Natural Gas
Million
Cubic Feet
6
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
7
Wood
8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
Electricity-Only Plants 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
767,378
774,213
773,183
781,186
816,558
821,209
832,928
878,825
904,245
920,353
924,692
967,080
946,068
960,077
983,538
994,774
1,015,640
1,004,769
R1,022,840
1,019,018
25,574
14,956
13,822
11,998
13,460
16,693
16,169
17,361
17,702
22,293
22,877
28,001
27,695
21,521
25,951
17,944
18,689
12,375
R14,626
11,682
241,960
181,231
171,157
135,779
149,287
134,666
86,584
96,386
109,989
163,541
149,193
135,419
157,090
102,622
136,050
137,736
137,082
55,192
R60,929
35,761
3
17
51
48
11
52
133
50
30
295
380
94
26
444
936
1,441
1,676
991
R1,709
1,883
517
1,008
974
1,320
1,553
1,193
1,082
1,010
1,687
2,202
1,891
1,457
1,827
3,925
4,794
6,096
6,876
5,988
R4,711
4,277
270,125
201,246
189,898
154,428
170,521
157,375
108,297
118,848
136,156
197,137
181,905
170,799
193,945
144,212
186,904
187,601
191,827
98,497
R100,818
70,713
2,790,567
2,794,110
2,822,159
2,828,996
2,755,093
3,064,561
3,287,571
2,823,724
3,039,227
3,543,931
3,729,175
4,092,729
4,163,930
4,258,467
3,780,314
4,141,535
4,592,271
5,091,049
R5,611,600
5,537,849
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
2
(s)
6
6
5
(s)
(s)
R2
1
59
87
85
94
101
112
84
94
91
95
105
105
96
118
127
134
143
141
142
135
111
162
195
232
237
248
262
258
266
263
264
267
179
193
185
190
189
198
R203
208
232,946
353,179
393,898
495,967
589,147
693,923
806,202
836,086
863,968
871,881
914,600
921,341
978,563
1,149,812
1,128,935
R933,804
R892,509
R800,173
R890,012
771,483
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
15
14
21
14
17
9
20
23
R22
R24
R27
R25
20
16
18
20
25
28
22
22
24
26
30
20
21
20
23
29
R16
R22
R22
R23
24
16
18
22
20
18
22
20
22
26
24
26
28
26
30
31
R16
R17
R18
R18
18
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
98
117
120
122
108
107
R107
108
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
4,173
7,088
9,470
12,204
13,293
14,904
14,926
15,575
14,764
13,773
13,197
15,634
15,455
15,174
19,498
R17,685
R17,927
R18,033
R18,506
18,720
462
1,438
433
471
1,098
3,548
1,898
1,111
944
872
998
1,721
1,360
289
1,491
R850
R760
R203
R509
298
747
2,054
473
1,902
2,120
2,531
2,311
2,410
2,434
2,334
2,728
2,627
2,059
1,955
1,311
R1,095
R1,254
R1,155
R1,144
844
6
7
7
69
202
615
307
517
100
117
134
310
347
800
1,002
R1,070
R915
R792
R787
130
–
–
–
170
1,018
1,063
1,370
1,456
1,514
1,797
1,716
1,698
1,482
1,780
926
R1,039
R1,001
R918
R812
728
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene
and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the
public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
246
1,215
3,499
912
3,291
8,513
12,011
11,366
11,320
11,046
12,310
12,440
13,147
11,175
11,942
8,431
R8,209
R7,933
R6,738
R6,498
4,913
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
11
20
16
R9
R9
R10
R9
10
12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to
sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are included
under "Electricity-Only Plants."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumed to
produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of
Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form
EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,
1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.5a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Distillate Fuel Oil 2
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
Commercial Sector 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
414
417
403
371
404
404
569
656
630
440
481
514
532
477
582
R377
R377
R347
R361
359
882
580
430
289
384
481
493
422
583
436
506
505
520
524
553
R545
R377
R211
R156
109
282
372
146
137
279
209
152
218
200
359
421
310
469
292
326
R214
R201
R116
R94
36
815
1,169
1,879
1,735
1,902
1,644
1,056
1,359
1,079
1,461
1,571
1,448
1,574
952
1,678
R825
R824
R385
R392
341
R6,624
R6,995
R
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
–
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
1
2
10
3
1
1
(s)
–
(s)
–
–
–
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
R1
R1
R1
R2
1
1,165
953
576
429
672
694
649
645
790
802
931
823
1,023
834
894
R766
R585
R333
R258
152
17,987
27,544
26,806
32,674
37,435
40,828
42,700
42,380
38,975
40,693
39,045
37,029
36,248
32,545
38,480
R32,839
R33,785
R34,623
R34,087
31,528
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R (s)
R (s)
R (s)
R (s)
(s)
9
15
15
16
16
17
21
31
34
32
33
26
15
18
19
R19
R20
R21
R19
20
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
7
11
11
R11
R10
R10
R10
11
443,928
516,729
521,916
542,081
546,978
567,836
601,397
610,268
622,599
624,878
639,165
640,381
653,565
685,239
668,407
R566,401
R517,805
R535,770
R553,643
492,538
83
104
118
128
123
123
114
143
105
102
112
107
88
106
127
R108
R85
R87
R88
74
267
335
318
359
355
364
373
394
367
349
364
369
370
464
362
R194
R189
R187
R188
185
15
16
14
15
17
14
13
13
14
13
8
10
7
15
13
R5
R5
R3
R4
4
37
36
55
37
31
38
40
35
36
35
39
45
44
43
46
R41
R46
R35
R41
25
Industrial Sector 12
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9,707
10,740
10,610
11,379
11,898
12,279
12,171
12,153
12,311
11,728
11,432
11,706
10,636
11,855
10,440
R7,687
R7,504
R7,408
R5,089
5,493
6,004
6,650
7,373
7,818
6,460
7,042
6,118
6,494
5,845
5,024
5,693
4,366
4,831
R3,043
R2,980
R2,010
R1,666
937
294
412
322
642
498
263
239
1,145
107
137
460
1,046
479
640
1,006
R344
R377
R391
R421
245
R8,482
R13,103
150
905
815
1,013
597
762
902
853
884
860
944
588
557
1,130
582
R541
R452
R456
R512
389
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
12,283
14,093
12,755
13,537
12,265
13,813
11,723
12,392
12,595
10,459
10,530
11,608
10,424
R6,919
R6,440
R5,066
R5,041
3,469
11
12
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. • See Tables 8.5b and 8.5c for electric
power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
247
Figure 8.6
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2008
Coal
Natural Gas
20
800
Industrial
Industrial
600
Billion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
15
10
5
400
200
Electric Power
Electric Power
Commercial
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Commercial
0
1989
2007
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Wood and Waste
30
1,200
Industrial
25
Industrial
900
Trillion Btu
Million Barrels
20
15
600
10
300
5
Commercial
Electric Power
0
1989
1992
Electric Power and Commercial
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0
1989
1992
Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
248
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008 (Sum of Tables 8.6b and 8.6c)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand
Short Tons
16,510
19,081
18,458
19,372
19,750
20,609
20,418
20,806
21,005
20,320
20,373
20,466
18,944
17,561
17,720
R24,275
R23,833
R23,227
R22,810
23,688
2
Residual Fuel Oil
3
Other Liquids
R16,357
R18,428
15,293
16,474
17,933
18,822
16,661
18,552
15,882
16,539
14,133
13,292
11,826
9,402
10,341
R15,390
R15,397
R11,373
R10,783
6,245
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
1,410
2,050
3,027
2,358
2,449
2,811
2,082
2,192
2,584
4,944
4,665
2,897
2,574
1,462
2,153
R3,357
R3,795
R1,481
R1,359
968
Biomass
4
353
895
835
935
857
609
642
756
289
681
838
1,455
563
1,363
1,629
R1,908
R1,302
R1,222
R1,320
893
247
918
777
862
1,031
1,137
1,235
1,275
2,009
1,336
1,437
924
661
517
763
R1,043
R783
R1,259
R1,262
1,170
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
2
5
Total
5
Thousand
Barrels
R19,357
R25,965
23,039
24,077
26,394
27,929
25,562
27,873
28,802
28,845
26,822
22,266
18,268
14,811
17,939
R25,870
R24,408
R20,371
R19,775
13,958
Natural Gas
Million
Cubic Feet
563,307
654,749
663,963
717,860
733,584
784,015
834,382
865,774
868,569
949,106
982,958
985,263
898,286
860,019
721,267
R1,052,100
R984,340
R942,817
R872,579
834,657
6
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
116
176
185
200
178
180
181
187
188
209
224
230
166
147
138
R218
R238
R226
R214
193
7
Wood
8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
683
813
779
822
836
903
902
876
913
875
862
884
696
682
746
R1,016
R997
R1,049
R982
898
Other 10
38
46
46
51
56
57
59
69
68
72
68
71
35
32
44
R51
R59
R60
R59
52
49
50
55
52
51
53
55
54
67
58
60
63
69
60
69
R70
R64
R75
R71
28
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuels
consumed to produce electricity. • Data do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
plants. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Useful Thermal
Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
249
Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.6a)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand
Short Tons
639
1,266
1,221
1,704
1,794
2,241
2,376
2,520
2,355
2,493
3,033
3,107
2,910
2,255
2,080
R3,809
R3,918
R3,834
R3,795
3,865
2
Residual Fuel Oil
3
Other Liquids
1,471
1,630
995
1,045
1,074
1,024
1,127
1,155
1,246
653
572
467
355
197
919
R985
R1,072
R998
R1,014
1,254
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
120
173
104
154
290
371
486
308
343
134
183
294
219
66
190
R314
R225
R69
R192
120
Biomass
4
1
2
1
10
27
104
58
86
23
19
30
51
3
23
88
R202
R95
R87
R98
67
–
–
–
4
40
58
222
175
171
103
128
120
119
111
80
R237
R206
R195
R162
126
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
2
250
5
Total
5
Natural Gas
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
1,591
1,805
1,101
1,229
1,591
1,791
2,784
2,424
2,466
1,322
1,423
1,412
1,171
841
1,596
R2,688
R2,424
R2,129
R2,114
2,069
81,670
97,330
99,868
122,908
128,743
144,062
142,753
147,091
161,608
172,471
175,757
192,253
199,808
263,619
225,967
R388,424
R384,365
R330,878
R339,796
351,615
6
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
3
5
5
6
4
6
5
5
10
6
4
7
6
7
12
R31
R60
R37
R34
37
7
Wood
8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
24
23
21
21
21
18
19
20
20
12
13
8
10
10
11
R15
R19
R19
R21
21
Other 10
6
8
11
10
10
12
15
21
17
20
25
24
5
6
14
R17
R15
R14
R16
16
1
(s)
1
2
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
6
4
R7
R7
R8
R8
9
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.
Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuels
consumed to produce electricity. • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric
utility CHP plants. • See Table 8.6c for commercial and industrial CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of
Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.• Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.6a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Distillate Fuel Oil 2
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
Commercial Sector 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
711
773
826
804
968
940
850
1,005
1,108
1,002
1,009
1,034
916
929
1,234
R1,540
R1,544
R1,539
R1,566
1,750
202
389
356
259
272
534
319
260
470
418
254
403
505
248
119
R570
R417
R155
R101
77
601
715
405
538
548
379
261
328
309
573
412
366
304
108
381
R613
R587
R404
R340
124
R
R
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
–
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
2
–
28
12
20
(s)
–
–
(s)
–
–
–
2
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
4
–
6
9
R8
R8
R9
R11
9
803
1,104
761
807
843
931
596
601
794
1,006
682
792
809
416
555
R1,243
R1,045
R601
R494
244
12,049
18,913
25,295
29,672
27,738
31,457
34,964
40,075
47,941
46,527
44,991
47,844
42,407
41,430
19,973
R39,233
R34,172
R33,112
R35,987
29,718
R
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
(s)
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R2
1
13
13
11
16
17
17
19
22
24
22
21
21
10
8
10
R15
R14
R16
R12
12
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
–
7
6
8
R11
R10
R10
7
6
113
171
180
194
174
173
175
182
178
202
219
223
160
139
126
R187
R179
R190
R180
156
659
790
758
801
815
884
882
855
892
862
849
875
685
672
735
R1,000
R977
R1,029
R959
876
19
25
23
24
29
27
25
26
27
29
23
25
20
18
21
R19
R30
R30
R31
24
48
50
55
50
49
52
55
53
67
58
60
63
58
48
57
R53
R48
R57
R57
13
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
Industrial Sector 12
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
15,160
17,041
16,412
16,864
16,988
17,428
17,192
17,281
17,542
16,824
16,330
16,325
15,119
14,377
14,406
R18,926
R18,371
R17,854
R17,449
18,073
1,088
1,488
2,567
1,945
1,887
1,906
1,277
1,624
1,772
4,391
4,228
2,200
1,850
1,149
1,844
R2,473
R3,153
R1,258
R1,066
771
R14,285
R16,084
13,893
14,891
16,311
17,419
15,272
17,069
14,328
15,313
13,148
12,459
11,167
9,097
9,041
R13,791
R13,738
R9,971
R9,429
4,866
352
893
834
925
829
505
584
670
267
662
808
1,402
560
1,312
1,529
R1,686
R1,207
R1,136
R1,222
825
R16,963
R23,056
247
918
777
856
987
1,075
1,010
1,097
1,835
1,230
1,307
800
542
399
675
R798
R568
R1,055
R1,090
1,036
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
21,177
22,041
23,960
25,207
22,182
24,848
25,541
26,518
24,718
20,062
16,287
13,555
15,788
R21,939
R20,940
R17,640
R17,166
11,644
469,588
538,506
538,800
565,279
577,103
608,496
656,665
678,608
659,021
730,108
762,210
745,165
656,071
554,970
475,327
R624,443
R565,803
R578,828
R496,796
453,325
11
12
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.
Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuels
consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.6b for electric power sector CHP data. • See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
251
Figure 8.7
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output,
1989-2008
Coal
Natural Gas
1.2
10
Total
8
Electricity
Generation
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
0.3
6
Total
4
Electricity
Generation
2
Useful Thermal Output
Useful Thermal Output
0.0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
0
1989
2007
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2004
2007
Wood and Waste
2.0
350
Total
300
1.5
Total
Quadrillion Btu
Million Barrels
250
200
Electricity
Generation
150
100
Electricity
Generation
0.5
50
0
1989
Useful Thermal Output
1.0
Useful Thermal Output
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0.0
1989
1992
1995
Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.
252
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1998
2001
Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)
Petroleum
Coal
1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
798,181
811,538
812,124
824,512
861,904
869,405
881,012
928,015
952,955
966,615
970,175
1,015,398
991,635
1,005,144
1,031,778
1,044,798
1,065,281
1,053,783
R1,069,606
1,067,277
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
2
Residual Fuel Oil
3
Other Liquids
R265,970
R209,081
193,073
160,941
176,992
164,047
112,168
124,607
134,623
189,267
172,319
156,673
177,137
118,637
152,859
157,478
156,915
69,846
R74,616
43,823
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
29,143
20,194
19,590
16,852
19,293
25,177
21,697
22,444
22,893
30,006
30,616
34,572
33,724
24,748
31,825
23,520
24,446
14,655
R17,042
13,400
Biomass
4
656
1,332
1,215
1,695
1,571
1,539
1,322
2,468
526
1,230
1,812
2,904
1,418
3,257
4,576
4,764
4,270
3,396
R4,237
3,151
915
2,832
2,566
3,366
4,200
4,157
4,590
4,596
6,095
6,196
5,989
4,669
4,532
7,353
7,067
8,721
9,113
8,622
R7,299
6,566
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene
and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
2
5
Total
5
Natural Gas
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
R300,342
4,048,736
4,346,311
4,428,742
4,617,578
4,662,236
5,151,163
5,572,253
5,178,232
5,433,338
6,030,490
6,304,942
6,676,744
6,730,591
6,986,081
6,337,402
6,726,679
R7,020,709
R7,404,432
R7,961,922
7,668,055
R244,765
226,708
196,318
218,855
211,547
158,140
172,499
188,517
251,486
234,694
217,494
234,940
183,408
224,593
229,364
231,193
131,005
R132,389
93,204
6
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
206
288
311
341
314
316
313
346
307
334
350
356
263
278
294
R353
348
341
R329
288
7
Wood
8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1,028
1,256
1,204
1,303
1,321
1,401
1,382
1,389
1,397
1,349
1,352
1,380
1,182
1,287
1,266
1,360
1,353
1,399
R1,336
1,243
Other 10
189
257
292
333
344
357
374
392
407
404
400
401
263
289
293
R282
289
300
R304
302
88
86
114
92
85
92
97
91
103
95
101
109
229
252
262
R254
R237
R237
R239
181
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
253
Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.7a)
Petroleum
Coal
1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
772,190
782,567
783,874
795,094
831,645
838,354
850,230
896,921
921,364
936,619
940,922
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
R1,045,141
1,041,603
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
2
Residual Fuel Oil
3
Other Liquids
Thousand Barrels
26,156
16,567
14,359
12,623
14,849
20,612
18,553
18,780
18,989
23,300
24,058
30,016
29,274
21,876
27,632
19,107
19,675
12,646
R15,327
12,101
244,179
184,915
172,625
138,726
152,481
138,222
90,023
99,951
113,669
166,528
152,493
138,513
159,504
104,773
138,279
139,816
139,409
57,345
R63,086
37,860
10
26
59
128
239
771
499
653
152
431
544
454
377
1,267
2,026
2,713
2,685
1,870
R2,594
2,081
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
254
Total
5
Natural Gas
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
517
1,008
974
1,494
2,611
2,315
2,674
2,642
3,372
4,102
3,735
3,275
3,427
5,816
5,799
7,372
8,083
7,101
R5,685
5,131
272,931
206,550
191,911
158,948
180,625
171,178
122,447
132,593
149,668
210,769
195,769
185,358
206,291
156,995
196,932
198,498
202,184
107,365
R109,431
77,695
3,105,183
3,244,619
3,315,925
3,447,871
3,472,982
3,902,546
4,236,526
3,806,901
4,064,803
4,588,284
4,819,531
5,206,324
5,342,301
5,671,897
5,135,215
5,463,763
5,869,145
6,222,100
R6,841,408
6,660,947
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene
and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
2
5
6
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
9
11
11
18
16
19
24
20
24
29
19
25
15
33
41
R58
84
65
R61
59
7
Wood
8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
100
129
126
140
150
152
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
R186
181
Other 10
132
188
229
262
265
282
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
R237
242
3
(s)
4
5
5
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
113
143
140
138
123
125
R124
126
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5.
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • The electric
power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Table
8.7c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form
EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.7a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Distillate Fuel Oil 2
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
Commercial Sector 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,125
1,191
1,228
1,175
1,373
1,344
1,419
1,660
1,738
1,443
1,490
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
R1,927
2,109
1,085
969
786
548
656
1,015
812
682
1,053
854
759
908
1,026
771
671
1,115
794
366
R257
186
883
1,087
551
675
828
588
413
545
509
932
834
676
773
400
708
827
789
520
R434
160
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
–
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
3
2
38
16
21
1
(s)
R
–
(s)
–
–
–
2
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
8
11
9
9
10
12
10
1,967
2,056
1,337
1,235
1,515
1,625
1,245
1,246
1,584
1,807
1,613
1,615
1,832
1,250
1,449
2,009
1,630
935
R752
396
30,037
46,458
52,101
62,346
65,173
72,285
77,664
82,455
86,915
87,220
84,037
84,874
78,655
73,975
58,453
72,072
R67,957
R67,735
R70,074
61,246
R25,444
R36,159
913,516
1,055,235
1,060,716
1,107,361
1,124,081
1,176,332
1,258,063
1,288,876
1,281,620
1,354,986
1,401,374
1,385,546
1,309,636
1,240,209
1,143,734
1,190,844
1,083,607
1,114,597
R1,050,439
945,863
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
–
–
(s)
R
–
–
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
R2
1
22
28
26
32
33
35
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
R31
32
926
1,125
1,076
1,161
1,169
1,248
1,255
1,249
1,259
1,211
1,213
1,244
1,054
1,136
1,097
1,193
1,166
1,216
R1,148
1,062
35
41
37
39
46
41
38
39
41
42
31
35
27
34
34
24
34
33
R36
28
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
15
17
18
21
20
21
R17
17
Industrial Sector 12
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
24,867
27,781
27,021
28,244
28,886
29,707
29,363
29,434
29,853
28,553
27,763
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
R22,537
23,566
1,903
2,657
4,446
3,680
3,788
3,550
2,333
2,983
2,851
5,852
5,799
3,648
3,424
2,101
3,522
3,298
3,977
1,643
R1,458
1,113
R20,909
R23,079
19,897
21,540
23,684
25,238
21,732
24,111
20,445
21,807
18,993
17,483
16,860
13,463
13,872
16,835
16,718
11,981
R11,096
5,803
646
1,305
1,156
1,567
1,326
768
823
1,815
374
800
1,268
2,448
1,039
1,953
2,535
2,030
1,583
1,526
R1,643
1,071
397
1,824
1,592
1,870
1,583
1,838
1,912
1,950
2,719
2,090
2,251
1,388
1,099
1,529
1,257
1,339
1,020
1,511
R1,602
1,425
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
33,460
36,135
36,715
38,744
34,448
38,661
37,265
38,910
37,312
30,520
26,817
25,163
26,212
28,857
27,380
22,706
R22,207
15,113
195
275
298
322
297
296
290
325
283
305
331
331
248
245
253
R295
264
277
R268
230
85
86
110
87
80
89
95
89
102
93
99
108
101
92
103
R94
R94
R92
R98
38
11
12
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.
Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • See Table
8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
255
Figure 8.8
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector
Coal, 1949-2008
Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2008
200
4
Coal
3
Quadrillion Btu
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
2
1
Petroleum
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Petroleum, 1949-2008
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Petroleum Products, 2008
150
25
22
100
Million Barrels
Million Barrels
20
50
19
15
10
5
4
2
0
0
1950
1
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
3
Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short
ton.
2
256
Residual
Fuel Oil1
4
Jet fuel and kerosene.
Note: Stocks are at end of year.
Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Distillate
Fuel Oil2
Petroleum
Coke³
Other
Liquids4
Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Petroleum
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
19997
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,095
15,199
16,432
14,703
19,281
16,386
20,301
30,023
26,094
23,369
18,801
19,116
16,386
16,269
15,759
15,099
13,824
16,471
16,357
15,714
15,674
16,644
15,392
15,216
15,456
16,343
17,995
15,127
20,486
17,413
19,153
19,275
18,778
18,013
R18,395
18,876
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
79,121
97,718
108,825
106,993
124,750
102,402
111,121
105,351
102,042
95,515
70,573
68,503
57,304
56,841
55,069
54,187
47,446
67,030
58,636
56,135
46,770
46,344
35,102
32,473
33,336
37,451
34,256
24,748
34,594
25,723
25,820
26,596
27,624
28,823
R24,136
21,725
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks
of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginning
in 2002, also includes other liquids.
7 Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
2
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Thousand Short Tons
22,054
31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
77,778
99,722
86,967
83,509
110,724
117,436
133,219
128,225
159,714
183,010
168,893
181,132
155,598
179,727
156,376
161,806
170,797
146,507
135,860
156,166
157,876
154,130
111,341
126,897
126,304
114,623
98,826
120,501
141,604
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
R151,221
163,056
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
779
879
1,012
1,380
R1,902
2,135
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5,6
Thousand Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
239
291
287
312
35
31
32
44
198
183
52
42
41
55
50
49
40
51
86
105
94
70
67
89
69
65
91
469
559
372
211
390
1,711
1,484
937
530
674
R554
794
8,604
10,201
13,671
19,572
25,647
39,151
51,101
59,090
90,776
113,091
125,413
121,857
144,252
119,778
132,338
135,635
128,345
119,090
89,652
87,870
73,933
73,313
71,084
69,714
61,795
83,970
75,343
72,183
62,890
63,333
50,821
48,146
51,138
56,591
54,109
40,932
57,031
52,490
53,170
51,434
50,062
51,583
R47,203
46,708
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note
2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum
of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867,
"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
257
Figure 8.9
Electricity End Use
Overview, 1989-2008
Retail Sales¹ by Sector, 2008
5
1.5
1.38
Total End Use
3
Trillion Kilowatthours
Trillion Kilowatthours
4
Retail Sales¹
2
1.35
0.98
1.0
0.5
1
Direct Use²
0
1989
0.01
0.0
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Retail Sales¹ by Sector, 1949-2008
1.5
Trillion Kilowatthours
Residential
1.0
Industrial
Commercial
0.5
Transportation
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
1996, other energy service providers.
2
Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that
consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial
258
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
process located within the same facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Source: Table 8.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Billion Kilowatthours)
Retail Sales 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Residential
Commercial 2
67
72
128
201
291
466
500
539
579
578
588
606
645
674
683
717
722
730
751
780
794
819
850
893
906
924
955
936
995
1,008
1,043
1,083
1,076
1,130
1,145
1,192
1,202
1,265
1,276
1,292
1,359
1,352
1,392
1,379
E59
E66
E103
E159
E231
E352
E377
E413
E445
E440
E468
E492
E514
E531
543
559
596
609
620
664
689
715
744
784
811
838
855
850
885
913
953
980
1,027
1,078
1,104
1,159
1,191
1,205
1,199
1,230
1,275
1,300
R1,336
1,352
Industrial 3
123
146
260
324
429
571
589
641
686
685
688
754
786
809
842
815
826
745
776
838
837
831
858
896
926
946
947
973
977
1,008
1,013
1,034
1,038
1,051
1,058
1,064
997
990
1,012
1,018
1,019
1,011
R1,028
982
Discontinued Retail Sales Series
Transportation 4
Total Retail Sales 5
Direct Use 6
Total End Use7
Commercial (Old) 8
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,647
2,713
2,762
2,763
2,861
2,935
3,013
3,101
3,146
3,264
3,312
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
R3,765
3,722
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
109
125
124
134
139
146
151
153
156
161
172
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
R159
E151
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,756
2,837
2,886
2,897
3,001
3,081
3,164
3,254
3,302
3,425
3,484
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
R3,924
3,873
45
51
79
131
200
307
329
359
388
385
403
425
447
461
473
488
514
526
544
583
606
631
660
699
726
751
766
761
795
820
863
887
929
979
1,002
1,055
1,083
1,104
––
––
––
––
––
––
E6
E7
E6
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
7
8
8
1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other
sales to public authorities.
3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includes
agriculture and irrigation.
4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."
6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the
power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the same
facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial sector, excluding public
street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation
including railroads and railways.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Other (Old) 9
20
22
29
32
34
48
51
56
59
58
68
70
71
73
73
74
85
86
80
85
87
89
88
90
90
92
94
93
95
98
95
98
103
104
107
109
113
106
––
––
––
––
––
––
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Residential and Industrial: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income." • October 1977-February
1980—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric
Operating Revenue and Income." • March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility Company
Monthly Statement." • 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric Utility
Company Monthly Statement." • 1984-1993—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." • 1994
forward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2009), Table 5.1. Commercial: • 1949-2002—Estimated
by EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the non-transportation portion of "Other (Old)." See
estimation methodology at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. • 2003
forward—EIA,
Electric
Power
Monthly
(March
2009),
Table
5.1.
Transportation:
• 1949-2002—Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion of "Other (Old)." See estimation
methodology at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. • 2003 forward—EIA,
Electric Power Monthly (March 2009), Table 5.1. Direct Use: • 1989-1994—EIA, Form EIA-867, "Annual
Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1995-2007—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2007 (October 2008), Table
7.2. • 2008—Estimate based on the 2007 value adjusted by the percentage change in commercial and
industrial net generation on Table 8.1. Commercial (Old) and Other (Old): • 1949-2002—See sources
for "Residential" and "Industrial."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
259
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity
Total, 1960-2008
By Sector, 2008
12
14
10
12
Real¹
Cents per Kilowatthour
Cents per Kilowatthour
Nominal²
8
Nominal²
6
4
10
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
8
7.01
5.73
6
4
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2008
15
Commercial
Transportation
8
Other³
6
Industrial
4
2
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.
2
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
3
Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public
Chained (2000) Cents per Kilowatthour
Residential
Cents per Kilowatthour
9.21
8.40
2005
10
260
9.28
0
1965
12
1
11.28
2
By Sector, Nominal² Prices, 1960-2008
0
1960
11.36
10.28
2
0
1960
Real¹
Commercial
Residential
10
Other³
Transportation
5
Industrial
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
Note: Taxes are included.
Source: Table 8.10.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2008
(Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Commercial 1
Residential
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Nominal
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.6
5.4
6.2
6.9
7.2
7.15
7.39
7.42
7.45
7.48
7.65
7.83
8.04
8.21
8.32
8.38
8.40
8.36
8.43
8.26
8.16
8.24
8.58
8.44
8.72
8.95
9.45
10.40
R10.65
11.36
5
Real
12.4
12.2
12.1
11.5
11.3
10.7
9.9
9.6
9.2
8.4
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
8.9
9.2
9.2
9.6
9.4
9.3
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.0
10.57
10.60
10.41
10.18
9.88
9.74
9.60
9.52
9.50
9.41
9.28
9.12
8.91
8.84
8.56
8.34
8.24
8.38
8.10
8.20
8.18
8.36
R8.91
8.89
9.28
6
Nominal
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.0
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.5
6.3
6.9
7.0
7.13
7.27
7.20
7.08
7.04
7.20
7.34
7.53
7.66
7.74
7.73
7.69
7.64
7.59
7.41
7.26
7.43
7.92
7.89
8.03
8.17
8.67
9.46
R9.65
10.28
5
Industrial 2
Real
11.4
11.3
11.1
10.6
9.9
9.8
9.1
8.8
8.4
8.0
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.5
8.6
9.2
9.2
9.6
9.6
9.5
10.2
10.7
11.0
10.7
10.54
10.43
10.11
9.67
9.30
9.17
9.00
8.92
8.87
8.76
8.56
8.35
8.14
7.95
7.68
7.42
7.43
7.73
7.57
7.55
7.46
7.67
R8.11
R8.05
8.40
6
Nominal
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.7
4.3
5.0
5.0
4.83
4.97
4.93
4.77
4.70
4.72
4.74
4.83
4.83
4.85
4.77
4.66
4.60
4.53
4.48
4.43
4.64
5.05
4.88
5.11
5.25
5.73
6.16
R6.39
7.01
5
Real
5.2
5.2
5.1
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.9
5.5
5.5
5.9
6.1
6.3
6.9
7.3
8.0
7.7
7.14
7.13
6.92
6.52
6.21
6.01
5.81
5.72
5.59
5.49
5.28
5.06
4.90
4.75
4.64
4.53
4.64
4.93
4.68
4.80
4.80
5.07
5.28
R5.33
5.73
1 Commercial sector.
For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
2 Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.
3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.
4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture
and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.
Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the
categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. • Data represent revenue from electricity
retail sales divided by electricity retail sales. • Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demand
charges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not include
Transportation 3
6
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.54
7.18
8.57
9.54
R9.70
11.28
5
Real
Other 4
6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.09
6.56
7.58
8.18
R8.10
9.21
Nominal
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.8
5.3
5.9
6.4
5.90
6.09
6.11
6.21
6.20
6.25
6.40
6.51
6.74
6.88
6.84
6.88
6.91
6.91
6.63
6.35
6.56
7.20
6.75
––
––
––
––
––
––
5
Total
Real
9.0
8.5
8.8
8.3
8.1
8.0
7.8
7.5
7.2
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.6
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
7.9
8.1
8.9
9.0
9.4
9.8
8.72
8.74
8.58
8.48
8.19
7.96
7.84
7.71
7.80
7.78
7.58
7.47
7.36
7.24
6.87
6.49
6.56
7.03
6.48
––
––
––
––
––
––
6
Nominal
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.7
5.5
6.1
6.3
6.25
6.44
6.44
6.37
6.35
6.45
6.57
6.75
6.82
6.93
6.91
6.89
6.86
6.85
6.74
6.64
6.81
7.29
7.20
7.44
7.61
8.14
8.90
R9.13
9.82
5
Real 6
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
7.7
7.5
7.3
7.1
6.4
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.3
7.2
7.6
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.7
9.3
9.7
9.7
9.24
9.24
9.04
8.70
8.39
8.21
8.05
7.99
7.89
7.84
7.66
7.48
7.31
7.18
6.99
6.78
6.81
7.12
6.91
6.99
6.95
7.20
R7.63
R7.62
8.02
deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from
previous reporting periods. • Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities
only. For 1980-1982, data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric operating revenues were $100
million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are for a selected sample of electric utilities.
Beginning in 1984, data are for a census of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, data also include energy
service providers selling to retail customers.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of
Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October 1977-February 1980—Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income."
•
March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."
• 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly
Statement." • 1984-1993—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." • 1994 forward—EIA,
Electric Power Monthly (March 2009), Table 5.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
261
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)
Total, 1949-2007
By Major Category, 2007
1,200
900
764
800
Total
600
Fossil Fuels
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
1,000
400
600
300
200
108
Renewable Energy
22
Nuclear Electric Power
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
100
0
2000
Fossil
Fuels
Renewable
Energy
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
By Source, 2007
500
Million Kilowatts
400
393
313
300
200
100
100
100
56
17
7
4
2
1
3
Wind
Wood
Waste
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Other²
0
Natural Gas
1
Coal
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power¹
Petroleum
Conventional and pumped storage.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous
technologies.
Source: Table 8.11a.
2
262
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector
Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2007
Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2007
1,000
1,200
Total (All Sectors)
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
Electricity-Only Plants
750
900
Electric Power Sector
600
500
250
300
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
Commercial and Industrial
0
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
1990
2006
Commercial Sector, 2007
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Industrial Sector, 2007
1.2
16
14.7
1.1
0.4
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
12
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.3
8
5.0
4
3.2
1.9
(s)
0.9
0.0
Natural
Gas
Waste
Coal
Petroleum
Other¹
Natural
Gas
1
Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
2
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels
3
Conventional hydroelectric power.
0.3
0.2
Hydroelectric
Power³
Waste
0
Wood
Coal
Other
Gases²
Petroleum
0.7
Other
4
4
Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous
technologies.
(s)=Less than 0.5 million kilowatts.
Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
263
Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2007
(Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
1
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
303.1
307.4
307.4
309.4
310.1
311.4
311.4
313.4
313.6
315.8
315.5
315.1
314.2
315.4
313.0
313.0
313.4
313.0
R312.7
1
Petroleum
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
79.1
77.9
74.2
73.1
71.1
71.7
66.6
72.5
72.5
66.3
60.1
61.8
66.2
59.7
60.7
59.1
58.5
58.1
R56.1
2
Natural
Gas 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
135.7
140.8
147.6
152.2
158.6
164.8
174.5
174.1
176.5
180.3
195.1
219.6
252.8
312.5
355.4
371.0
383.1
388.3
R392.9
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.9
2.3
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.3
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothermal
Solar/PV 8
Wind
Total
44.9
50.0
86.8
130.8
182.9
265.4
288.0
310.7
341.2
360.7
375.1
394.8
410.4
420.8
432.1
444.1
458.9
469.6
472.8
478.6
485.0
488.3
488.8
490.6
519.4
527.8
531.4
536.7
541.8
550.0
554.2
561.7
564.1
563.9
572.6
598.9
634.9
689.5
731.2
745.4
757.1
761.6
R764.0
0.0
.0
.0
.4
.8
7.0
9.0
14.5
22.7
31.9
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
R100.3
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
R21.9
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.8
51.0
63.8
69.1
70.5
75.4
75.5
78.4
78.0
78.6
79.9
82.9
81.7
82.4
83.0
83.9
85.3
88.9
89.3
89.7
90.3
74.1
73.9
76.0
74.8
77.4
78.0
78.6
76.4
79.4
79.2
79.4
79.4
78.9
79.4
78.7
77.6
77.5
77.8
R77.9
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
5.2
5.5
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.1
5.9
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.2
6.4
R6.7
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
.2
.2
.2
.2
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.7
R4.1
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
R2.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
( )
11
( )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
R16.5
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.9
51.1
63.9
69.4
70.9
75.9
76.0
79.0
78.6
79.2
80.5
83.6
82.7
83.4
84.1
85.3
86.9
90.8
91.2
91.7
92.4
85.7
86.8
89.9
89.1
92.1
93.1
93.9
91.7
94.8
94.6
95.3
94.9
95.0
96.1
96.8
96.4
98.7
101.9
R108.0
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
6 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
10 Included in "Wood."
2
264
Biomass
11
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.8
.8
1.0
.5
.5
.7
.7
.7
.9
.9
.8
Total
63.4
69.2
114.2
167.1
234.8
336.4
366.4
396.0
439.8
468.5
491.3
517.2
535.9
552.1
565.5
578.6
598.3
613.7
621.1
635.1
655.2
664.8
674.1
677.7
721.8
734.1
739.9
746.5
754.6
764.0
769.5
775.9
778.6
775.9
785.9
811.7
848.3
905.3
948.4
962.9
978.0
986.2
R994.9
Included in "Wind."
Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assigned
to the predominant energy source. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
• See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
12
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2007
(Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Coal 1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
298.0
302.3
302.5
304.3
305.0
306.1
306.0
308.1
308.5
310.9
310.7
310.2
309.8
311.0
308.5
308.8
309.0
309.2
R309.1
Petroleum 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
78.1
76.8
73.0
71.8
69.9
70.5
65.4
71.3
71.0
65.0
58.6
60.7
64.7
58.6
59.6
58.0
57.4
56.8
R54.8
Natural
Gas 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
125.4
129.9
137.1
141.0
146.9
152.5
161.9
161.4
163.4
167.1
181.1
204.7
236.8
296.6
339.1
355.2
367.5
372.0
R377.1
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.4
.4
.7
.7
.7
.7
.3
.1
.2
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.5
Total
44.9
50.0
86.8
130.8
182.9
265.4
288.0
310.7
341.2
360.7
375.1
394.8
410.4
420.8
432.1
444.1
458.9
469.6
472.8
478.6
485.0
488.3
488.8
490.6
501.9
509.3
513.3
517.9
522.5
529.8
533.7
540.9
543.1
543.0
550.7
575.9
611.6
666.5
707.6
722.4
734.3
738.4
R741.5
Nuclear
Electric
Power
0.0
.0
.0
.4
.8
7.0
9.0
14.5
22.7
31.9
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
R100.3
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothermal
Solar/PV 8
Wind
Total
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
R21.9
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.8
51.0
63.8
69.1
70.5
75.4
75.5
78.4
78.0
78.6
79.9
82.9
81.7
82.4
83.0
83.9
85.3
88.9
89.3
89.7
90.3
73.6
73.3
75.4
74.2
76.8
76.9
77.4
75.3
78.3
78.0
78.3
78.2
77.9
78.3
77.9
77.0
76.9
77.1
R77.5
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
R1.7
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.7
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.9
3.0
3.1
R3.5
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
R2.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
R16.5
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.9
51.1
63.9
69.4
70.9
75.9
76.0
79.0
78.6
79.2
80.5
83.6
82.7
83.4
84.1
85.3
86.9
90.8
91.2
91.7
92.4
80.7
81.4
84.0
83.1
85.9
86.4
87.3
84.9
87.8
87.8
88.6
88.8
89.2
90.2
91.3
90.6
92.9
95.9
R102.0
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
10 Included in "Wood."
11 Included in "Wind."
12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
Biomass
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
–
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
–
.2
.2
.2
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
R.1
Total
63.4
69.2
114.2
167.1
234.8
336.4
366.4
396.0
439.8
468.5
491.3
517.2
535.9
552.1
565.5
578.6
598.3
613.7
621.1
635.1
655.2
664.8
674.1
677.7
698.8
709.9
715.3
721.2
728.6
736.5
741.8
747.7
750.1
747.6
756.5
782.1
818.8
875.8
918.6
933.4
948.6
956.2
R965.7
R=Revised. NA=Not available. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assigned
to the predominant energy source. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8.11d for commercial and industrial CHP and
electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power
Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1949-1984—Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. • 1985-1988—EIA, Form
EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA,
Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
265
Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2007
(Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1
Petroleum
2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 5
Waste 6
Geothermal
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.7
R3.1
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
R2.2
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Solar/PV 7
Other 8
Total
Wind
Total
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
R3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
R16.5
80.3
80.9
83.6
82.7
85.5
85.9
86.6
84.2
87.1
87.0
87.8
88.1
R88.7
89.7
90.6
90.0
92.3
95.3
R101.3
–
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
–
.2
.2
.2
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
R.1
690.7
698.6
702.4
706.0
711.3
715.0
719.1
723.0
725.0
721.4
730.0
754.5
R791.1
840.3
876.3
893.7
909.8
918.4
R928.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
.7
R.5
.6
.7
.6
.6
.6
R.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(s)
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.1
11.2
12.9
15.2
17.3
21.5
22.7
24.6
25.1
26.2
26.5
27.7
R27.6
35.5
42.3
39.7
38.7
37.8
R37.3
Electricity-Only Plants 9
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
296.5
299.9
299.6
300.8
301.2
301.6
301.3
303.1
303.6
305.9
305.5
305.2
305.2
305.8
303.0
303.2
303.4
303.4
R303.2
78.0
76.6
72.6
71.5
69.3
69.8
64.7
70.6
70.2
64.2
57.5
59.8
63.8
57.5
58.6
57.3
56.9
55.8
R53.9
119.3
121.8
127.9
130.2
134.5
136.6
145.3
143.1
144.7
147.5
161.7
184.0
215.5
268.1
304.2
322.6
335.8
341.9
R347.6
0.4
.4
.7
.7
.7
.7
.3
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
R.1
494.2
498.6
500.8
503.1
505.7
508.7
511.5
516.9
518.7
517.5
525.0
549.0
584.5
631.5
665.9
683.2
696.2
701.2
R704.9
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
R100.3
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
R21.9
73.6
73.3
75.4
74.2
76.8
76.9
77.4
75.3
78.3
78.0
78.3
78.2
77.9
78.3
77.9
77.0
76.9
77.1
R77.5
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
R1.5
0.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 10
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
1.5
2.4
2.9
3.5
3.8
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.0
4.6
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.8
R5.9
0.2
.2
.4
.3
.7
.7
.8
.7
.8
.8
1.1
.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
.7
.5
1.0
R.9
6.1
8.1
9.2
10.9
12.3
15.9
16.6
18.4
18.7
19.6
19.4
20.7
21.2
28.5
34.9
32.6
31.7
30.0
R29.5
–
–
–
(s)
–
–
–
–
(s)
–
–
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
R.3
7.7
10.7
12.5
14.7
16.8
21.0
22.1
24.0
24.4
25.5
25.7
26.9
27.1
34.9
41.7
39.2
38.1
37.2
R36.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
R
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
9 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the
public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
10 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to
2
3
266
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(s)
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
–
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
R
sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are included
under "Electricity-Only Plants."
R=Revised. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assigned
to the predominant energy source. • See Table 8.11d for commercial and industrial CHP and
electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power
Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA,
Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2007
(Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1
Petroleum
2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydro
electric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 5
Commercial Sector
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
0.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
0.6
.7
.7
.8
.9
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.9
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
R1.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Waste 6
Geothermal
Solar/PV 7
Wind
Total
Other 8
Total
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
R (s)
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
0.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.8
5.1
5.6
5.6
5.8
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.3
6.2
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.6
R5.5
0.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.6
.8
.5
.4
.6
.6
.7
.8
.8
R.7
21.8
22.9
23.2
23.8
24.3
25.4
25.5
25.9
26.2
26.0
27.1
27.3
26.6
27.3
27.7
27.4
27.2
27.8
R26.8
9
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Industrial Sector 10
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.3
3.2
0.7
.9
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
.8
1.1
.7
.7
.8
.8
1.0
R.9
9.7
10.3
9.8
10.3
10.9
11.0
11.3
11.5
11.9
12.0
12.9
13.7
14.1
14.7
15.3
14.8
14.5
15.3
R14.7
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.3
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
R1.9
16.5
17.3
17.1
17.6
18.0
18.5
18.7
19.0
19.2
19.1
20.1
21.2
20.7
21.2
21.9
21.3
21.0
21.4
R20.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
2
0.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
.8
.6
.7
.7
R.3
4.1
4.3
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.7
R5.0
10
Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assigned
to the predominant energy source. • See Tables 8.11b and 8.11c for electric power sector electricity-only
and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power
Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
•
1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
267
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin
U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2008
Capacity Margin, 1996-2008
40
900
Summer
Winter
30
Percent
Gigawatts
600
Winter
20
Summer
300
10
0
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2008
0
1996
1998
Winter
205
Gigawatts
200
184
182
147
150
142
117
100
65
50
62
47
47
50
41
48
44
34
32
0
ERCOT
FRCC
MRO
NPCC
(U.S.)
(U.S.)
RFC
SERC
SPP
WECC
(U.S.)
Notes: • Values for 2008 are forecast. • Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more
peak loads on individual systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary for
information on North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC).
268
2002
2004
2006
North American Electric Reliability Council Map for the United States
250
Summer
2000
Source: Table 8.12.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2008
Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2008
(Megawatts, Except as Noted)
Noncoincident Peak Load 1
North American Electric Reliability Council Regions 2
Year
ECAR 3
ERCOT
FRCC
MAAC 3
MAIN 3
MRO 4
(U.S.)
NPCC
(U.S.)
RFC 5
SERC
SPP
WECC 6
(U.S.)
Contiguous
United
States
ASCC
(Alaska)
Hawaii
U.S.
Total
Capacity
Margin 7
(percent)
Summer 8
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008F
69,606
72,561
79,149
75,442
79,258
81,224
78,550
80,930
87,165
92,619
90,798
93,492
93,784
99,239
92,033
100,235
102,996
98,487
95,300
––
––
––
––
39,335
39,339
40,843
40,402
42,737
41,870
42,619
44,255
44,162
46,618
47,480
50,541
54,666
55,529
57,606
55,201
56,248
59,996
58,531
60,210
62,339
R62,188
64,927
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
35,375
38,730
37,493
37,194
39,062
40,696
40,475
42,383
46,396
45,751
R46,676
47,364
37,564
40,526
43,110
41,614
42,613
45,937
43,658
46,494
46,019
48,577
44,302
49,464
48,445
51,645
49,477
54,015
55,569
53,566
52,049
––
––
––
––
35,943
37,446
41,139
39,460
40,740
41,598
38,819
41,956
42,562
45,782
46,402
45,887
47,509
51,535
52,552
56,344
56,396
56,988
53,439
––
––
––
––
21,029
23,162
24,899
24,336
24,994
25,498
22,638
24,396
27,000
29,192
28,253
29,787
30,722
31,903
28,605
28,321
29,119
28,831
29,351
39,918
42,194
R41,684
41,222
39,026
42,651
45,245
45,031
44,116
46,594
43,658
46,706
47,581
47,705
45,094
49,269
49,566
52,855
50,057
55,949
56,012
55,018
52,549
58,960
63,241
R58,314
61,779
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
190,200
191,920
R181,700
184,000
105,570
109,798
115,168
117,729
121,943
124,716
128,236
135,704
132,584
146,569
145,650
137,382
143,226
149,685
156,088
149,293
158,767
153,110
157,615
190,705
199,052
R209,109
204,791
47,123
47,723
49,356
49,439
52,541
51,885
51,324
57,106
56,035
59,595
60,072
36,479
37,724
38,609
40,199
40,273
39,688
40,367
40,106
41,727
42,882
R43,167
43,800
81,787
82,967
90,551
90,657
97,389
92,096
99,205
97,809
102,212
103,592
108,739
110,001
115,921
113,629
114,602
109,119
119,074
122,537
123,136
130,760
142,096
R139,389
142,032
476,983
496,173
529,460
524,110
546,331
551,418
548,707
575,356
585,320
620,249
616,790
637,677
660,293
682,122
678,413
687,812
714,565
709,375
704,459
758,876
789,475
R782,227
789,915
–
–
–
456
463
471
504
511
524
622
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
476,983
496,173
529,460
524,566
546,794
551,889
549,211
575,867
585,844
620,871
616,790
637,677
660,293
682,122
678,413
687,812
714,565
709,375
704,459
758,876
789,475
R782,227
789,915
NA
NA
NA
NA
21.6
20.9
20.5
19.9
18.7
18.9
17.5
16.2
14.3
14.6
15.7
14.5
16.4
18.6
20.9
15.4
16.1
R16.5
16.1
33,877
34,472
35,649
42,268
38,949
38,759
39,912
41,644
42,505
44,624
49,095
27,437
27,847
27,963
30,576
29,614
30,187
28,450
29,490
31,260
30,792
R31,322
31,954
76,171
81,182
82,937
84,768
94,252
86,097
91,686
88,811
91,037
94,890
95,435
94,158
101,822
99,080
97,324
96,622
95,951
102,020
102,689
107,493
111,093
R112,700
116,586
422,857
448,265
459,734
496,378
484,231
485,761
492,983
521,733
518,253
544,684
554,081
529,874
567,558
570,915
588,426
576,312
604,986
593,874
618,701
626,365
640,981
R637,905
656,989
–
–
–
626
613
622
635
632
641
676
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
422,857
448,265
459,734
497,004
484,844
486,383
493,618
522,365
518,894
545,360
554,081
529,874
567,558
570,915
588,426
576,312
604,986
593,874
618,701
626,365
640,981
R637,905
656,989
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
27.7
26.0
25.7
26.7
29.5
28.9
29.4
33.5
31.6
30.2
30.9
R30.4
30.2
Winter 9
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008F
64,561
68,118
67,771
73,080
67,097
71,181
72,885
81,846
75,638
83,465
84,534
75,670
84,401
86,239
84,546
85,485
87,300
86,332
91,800
––
––
––
––
28,730
31,399
34,621
38,388
35,815
35,448
35,055
35,407
36,180
36,965
38,868
37,966
41,876
39,164
44,641
44,015
45,414
42,702
44,010
48,141
50,402
R50,408
47,270
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
33,076
39,975
40,178
38,606
40,922
45,635
36,841
44,839
42,657
42,526
R41,701
49,601
32,807
35,775
36,363
38,161
36,551
37,983
37,915
41,406
40,653
40,790
40,468
37,217
36,532
40,220
43,256
39,458
46,551
45,625
45,905
––
––
––
––
28,036
30,606
30,631
33,770
32,461
33,420
31,289
34,966
33,999
35,734
37,162
34,973
37,410
39,081
41,943
40,529
42,412
41,719
42,929
––
––
––
––
18,850
19,335
20,162
21,360
21,113
21,432
21,866
21,955
23,033
23,429
24,251
25,390
26,080
25,200
24,536
21,815
23,645
24,134
24,526
33,748
34,677
R33,191
34,100
37,976
41,902
42,951
42,588
40,545
41,866
41,125
42,063
42,547
42,755
41,208
41,338
44,199
45,227
43,852
42,670
46,009
48,079
48,176
46,828
46,697
R46,795
48,323
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
151,600
149,631
R141,900
147,100
1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur
at the same time interval.
2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Council (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S. portion
of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions.
3 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Utility members joined other reliability regional
councils.
4 MRO was renamed from MAPP in 2004.
5 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) came into existence on January 1, 2006. Many of the former utility
members of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN joined RFC.
6 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002.
7 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than
101,849
105,476
108,649
121,995
117,448
119,575
121,250
133,635
132,661
142,032
143,060
122,649
127,416
128,563
139,146
135,182
141,882
137,972
144,337
164,638
175,163
R179,888
182,055
estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or winter) demand. Net internal
demand does not include estimated demand for direct control load management and customers with
interruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous United States only.
8 The summer peak period is June through September.
9 The winter peak period is December through February of the following year.
R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. – = No data reported.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Annual 2007 (January 2009), Tables
3.1-3.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report," and predecessor
forms.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
269
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs
Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2007
Actual Peakload Reductions, 2007
40
58
30
25
Gigawatts
25
27 26
23
20
25
23
26
27
23 23 24
17
16
12
17,710
Energy
Efficiency
17,710 MW
(58%)
30
30 30
14
Load Management
12,566
MW
42
(42%)
10
12,566
0
Total: 30,276 Megawatts (MW)
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Energy Savings, 1989-2007
Costs, 1989-2007
75
3
69
62
57
60
56
52
49 51
55
54 54 54
50
45
45
36
30
25
20
15
15
0
270
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.6 1.6 1.6
1.4 1.4
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.2
1 0.9
0
1989
1
2
2.5
2.4
2.3
Billion Nominal Dollars¹
Billion Kilowatthours
60
2.7 2.7
64
1991
1993
1995
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
1989
1991
1993
Source: Table 8.13.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2007
Actual Peakload Reductions 1
Energy Efficiency 2
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Load Management 3
Total
Megawatts
NA
NA
NA
7,890
10,368
11,662
13,212
14,243
13,327
13,591
13,452
12,873
13,027
13,420
13,581
14,272
15,351
15,959
17,710
NA
NA
NA
9,314
12,701
13,340
16,347
15,650
11,958
13,640
13,003
10,027
11,928
9,516
9,323
9,260
10,359
11,281
12,566
1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility
demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actual
peak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actual
and potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variable
conditions.
2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use
devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overall
electricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings.
Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce the
same level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples include
high-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, and
heat recovery systems.
3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"
and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interrupt
consumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interrupting
power supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usually
involves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance
Energy Savings
Costs
Million Kilowatthours
Thousand Nominal Dollars 4
12,463
13,704
15,619
17,204
23,069
25,001
29,561
29,893
25,284
27,231
26,455
22,901
24,955
22,936
22,904
23,532
25,710
27,240
30,276
14,672
20,458
24,848
35,563
45,294
52,483
57,421
61,842
56,406
49,167
50,563
53,701
53,936
54,075
50,265
54,710
59,897
63,817
69,071
872,935
1,177,457
1,803,773
2,348,094
2,743,533
2,715,657
2,421,284
1,902,197
1,636,020
1,420,920
1,423,644
1,564,901
1,630,286
1,625,537
1,297,210
1,557,466
1,921,352
2,051,394
2,526,844
with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct control
of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. It
usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In some instances, the load reduction may be
affected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) after notice to the consumer in accordance
with contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that limit or shift peak loads from on-peak to
off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating storage systems.
4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
NA=Not available.
Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs operated by electric utilities. The decrease
since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be attributed in part to utilities cutting back or
terminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Some State governments have created new
programs to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mart Loan Fund" administered by the New
York Energy Research and Development Authority and the "Efficiency Vermont" program of the Vermont
Public Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to these non-utility programs are not collected
by the Energy Information Administration.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: • 1989-1995—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility
Report." • 1996 forward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2007 (January 2009), Tables 9.1, 9.6, and 9.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
271
Electricity
Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that
generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independent
power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a
generator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with a
generator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid and
included in data for the electric power sector.
Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The Energy
Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 are assigned to
the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11 (agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23
(construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and 22131
(water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector. Those
with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA-860,
“Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to indicate the primary
purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860/eia860.doc.
Note 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Through the Annual Energy Review
(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuels
and hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate to
convert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat rate
for geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to all
traded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric
272
power and geothermal energy are no longer included in renewable energy
consumption data. They continue to be included in total U.S. energy consumption
as components of electricity net imports, with energy sources unspecified (see
Tables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 2001 and AER 2002 resulted in a
0.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable energy consumption from 1949
forward.
Table 8.1 Sources: Net Generation, Electric Power Sector: Table 8.2b. Net
Generation, Commercial Sector: Table 8.2d. Net Generation, Industrial
Sector: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-4,
"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric Generating Capacity," for
all other plants. • October 1977-1978—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generating
capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric
Generating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1979—FERC, Form FPC-4, "Monthly
Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,
and EIA estimates for all other plants. • 1980-1988—Estimated by EIA as the
average generation over the 6-year period of 1974-1979. • 1989 forward—Table
8.2d. Net Generation, Total: Table 8.2a. Imports and Exports: • 1949September 1977—Unpublished FPC data. • October 1977-1980—Unpublished
Economic Regulatory Administration (ERA) data. • 1981—Department of Energy
(DOE), Office of Energy Emergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy
Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year 1981," April 1982 (revised
June 1982). • 1982 and 1983—DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across International Borders. • 1984-1986—DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across
International Borders. • 1987 and 1988—DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R,
"Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data." • 1989—DOE,
Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, "Annual Report of International Electrical
Export/Import Data." • 1990 forward—National Energy Board of Canada, and
DOE, Fossil Energy, Office of Fuels Programs, Form FE-781R, "Export/Import
Data." For 2001 forward, data from the California Independent System Operator
are used in combination with the Form FE-781R values to estimate electricity trade
with Mexico. T & D Losses and Unaccounted for: Calculated as the sum of total
net generation and imports minus total end use and exports. End Use: Table 8.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
9
Nuclear Energy
Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States (rectangular
reactor building and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bruce Mansfield coalfired power plant (southwestern Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 9.1
Nuclear Generating Units
Operable Units,1 1957-2008
Full-Power Operating Licenses Issued,² 1957-2008
Peak: 112 Units in 1990
120
16
104 Units
In 2008
12
Number
Number of Units
90
60
8
4
30
0
0
1957
1960
1970
1980
1990
1962
1967
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
2000
Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2008
Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1957-2008
16
28
Permanent
Shutdowns
Number
12
104
Operable
Units¹
8
4
0
Total Units Ordered: 259
1957
1
Units holding full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end
of the year.
2
Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission.
274
1962
1967
1972
Note: Data are at end of year.
Source: Table 9.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1977
1982
Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2008
Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) 1
Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52) 1
Construction
Permits
Issued 2,3
Low-Power
Operating Licenses
Issued 3,4
Full-Power
Operating Licenses
Issued 3,5
Early Site
Permits
Issued 3
Combined
License Applications
Under Review
Combined
Licenses
Issued 3
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
3
1
0
3
7
0
1
1
3
1
5
14
23
7
10
4
8
14
23
9
9
15
13
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
7
3
2
0
1
3
0
4
4
5
6
12
14
3
7
4
3
0
5
3
6
3
7
7
7
6
1
3
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
6
2
3
0
2
3
0
4
3
2
6
15
15
2
7
4
4
0
2
4
4
3
6
9
5
8
2
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R5
12
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
3
9
11
13
13
14
15
13
17
20
22
27
42
55
57
63
67
70
69
71
75
78
81
87
96
101
107
109
111
112
111
109
110
109
109
109
107
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
Total
177
132
132
3
17
0
28
––
Year
1 Data in columns 1-3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR
Part 50. Data in columns 4-6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "Pending
Actions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.
2 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Under
current licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operating
license.
3 Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses.
4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not to
operate at full power.
5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note that
Permanent
Shutdowns
Operable Units 6
some units receive full-power licenses the same year they receive low-power licenses). Units initially
undergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation.
6 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at
the end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumulative number of units holding full-power
licenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).
R=Revised. – – = Not applicable.
Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
275
Figure 9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations
Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2008
Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2008
25
5
20
3
15
Percent
Trillion Kilowatthours
Total
4
2
1
20%
in
2008
10
5
Nuclear
0
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
1960
2000
Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2008
1970
1980
1990
2000
Capacity Factor, 1973-2008
100
120
Million Kilowatts
100
in
2008
60
Percent
80
90
92%
in
2008
60
40
30
20
0
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1975
1980
Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.
276
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2008
Year
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation
Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation
Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units 1
Capacity Factor 2
Billion Kilowatthours
Percent
Million Kilowatts
Percent
(s)
.2
.2
.5
1.7
2.3
3.2
3.3
3.7
5.5
7.7
12.5
13.9
21.8
38.1
54.1
83.5
114.0
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
R806.4
806.2
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.6
.9
1.0
1.4
2.4
3.1
4.5
6.1
9.0
9.4
11.8
12.5
11.3
11.0
11.9
12.6
12.7
13.5
15.5
16.6
17.7
19.5
17.8
19.0
19.9
20.1
19.1
19.7
20.1
19.6
18.0
18.6
19.7
19.8
20.6
20.2
19.7
19.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.6
0.1
.1
.1
.4
.4
.7
.8
.8
.8
1.7
2.7
2.7
4.4
7.0
9.0
14.5
22.7
31.9
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
R100.3
100.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53.5
47.8
55.9
54.7
63.3
64.5
58.4
56.3
58.2
56.6
54.4
56.3
58.0
56.9
57.4
63.5
62.2
66.0
70.2
70.9
70.5
73.8
77.4
76.2
71.1
78.2
85.3
88.1
89.4
90.3
87.9
90.1
89.3
89.6
R91.8
91.9
At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.
See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05.
Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
2
Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation:
Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: • 1949-2007: Table 8.11a. • 2008—Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review (March 2009), Table 8.1. Capacity Factor:
EIA, Monthly Energy Review (March 2009), Table 8.1. Annual capacity factors are weighted averages of
monthly capacity factors.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
277
Figure 9.3
Uranium Overview
Production and Trade, 1949-2008
Production and Trade, 2008
75
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide
Purchased
Imports
50
Domestic
Concentrate
Production
25
Export
Sales
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide
60
57
40
20
17
4
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Inventories, End of Year 1981-2008
Nominal Dollars¹ per Pound Uranium Oxide
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide
Total
150
Electric Plants
100
50
Domestic Suppliers
0
1
1990
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Note: See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary.
278
Purchased Imports
Export Sales
Average Prices, 1981-2008
200
1985
Domestic
Concentrate Production
2000
1995
2000
2005
50
40
Domestic
Purchases
30
20
Purchased
Imports
10
0
1985
Source: Table 9.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Domestic
Concentrate
Production 1
Purchased
Imports 2
Export 2
Sales
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Electric Plant
Purchases From
Domestic Suppliers
Loaded Into
U.S. Nuclear
Reactors 3
Domestic Suppliers
Electric Plants
Average Price
Total
0.36
.92
5.56
35.28
20.88
25.81
24.55
25.80
26.47
23.06
23.20
25.49
29.88
36.97
37.47
43.70
38.47
26.87
21.16
14.88
11.31
13.51
12.99
13.13
13.84
8.89
7.95
5.65
3.06
3.35
6.04
6.32
5.64
4.71
4.61
3.96
2.64
2.34
5,E2.00
2.28
2.69
4.11
4.53
3.90
4.3
5.5
7.6
36.0
8.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.4
3.6
5.6
5.2
3.0
3.6
6.6
17.1
8.2
12.5
11.7
13.5
15.1
15.8
13.1
23.7
16.3
23.3
21.0
36.6
41.3
45.4
43.0
43.7
47.6
44.9
46.7
52.7
53.0
66.1
65.5
64.8
54.1
57.1
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4.2
.4
.2
1.2
3.0
1.0
1.2
4.0
6.8
6.2
5.8
4.4
6.2
3.3
2.2
5.3
1.6
1.0
3.3
2.1
2.0
3.5
2.8
3.0
17.7
9.8
11.5
17.0
15.1
8.5
13.6
11.7
15.4
13.2
13.2
20.5
18.7
14.8
17.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.6
27.1
24.2
22.5
21.7
18.9
20.8
17.6
18.4
20.5
26.8
23.4
15.5
22.7
22.3
23.7
19.4
21.6
21.4
24.3
27.5
22.7
21.7
28.2
27.3
27.9
18.5
20.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.6
43.0
45.1
40.4
51.1
46.2
48.2
38.2
58.8
51.5
52.7
57.2
62.3
50.1
58.3
51.7
R 45.5
P 51.3
Purchased Imports
Domestic Purchases
Nominal Dollars 4 per Pound Uranium Oxide
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide
See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.
Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy
Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were for
transactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers
(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small.
3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded.
4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
5 Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.
2
Inventories
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25.0
23.7
27.0
25.4
19.3
22.2
26.4
20.7
25.2
24.5
21.5
13.7
13.9
40.4
70.7
68.8
56.5
48.1
48.7
39.9
37.5
29.1
29.1
R 31.2
P 26.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
160.2
153.2
144.1
137.8
125.5
115.8
102.7
98.0
92.1
81.2
65.4
58.7
66.1
65.9
65.8
58.3
54.8
55.6
53.5
45.6
57.7
64.7
77.5
R 81.2
P 81.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
159.2
174.8
191.8
185.2
176.9
171.1
163.2
144.8
138.1
129.1
118.7
117.3
105.7
86.9
72.5
80.0
106.2
136.5
127.1
111.3
103.8
102.1
85.5
95.2
93.8
106.6
R 112.4
P 108.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
––
––
––
––
––
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.90
27.23
26.16
21.86
20.08
20.07
19.14
19.03
16.75
12.55
15.55
11.34
10.53
8.95
10.20
13.15
11.81
11.19
10.55
9.84
9.51
10.05
10.59
12.25
14.83
19.31
34.18
41.30
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.65
38.37
38.21
32.65
31.43
30.01
27.37
26.15
19.56
15.70
13.66
13.45
13.14
10.30
11.11
13.81
12.87
12.31
11.88
11.45
10.45
10.35
10.84
11.91
13.98
18.54
33.13
43.43
Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/nuclear.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
Sources: • 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office, Statistical Data of the
Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. • 1967-2002—Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2003 forward—EIA, "2008 Domestic Uranium
Production Report" (May 2009), Table 3; EIA, "2008 Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (May 2009), Tables
5, 18, 19, 21, and 22; and EIA, Form EIA-858, "Uranium Marketing Annual Survey.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
279
Nuclear Energy
Note 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units. Much of Table 9.1 is
based on the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part
50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following the
passage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and procedural reforms initiated in 1989
by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.)
In 2007, the NRC issued three Early Site Permits (ESPs) under 10 CFR Part
52—for Clinton (Illinois); Grand Gulf (Mississippi); and North Anna (Virginia). As
of December 31, 2008, the ESP application for Vogtle (Georgia) was under review.
No new ESP applications have been submitted since August 2006.
In 2007, the NRC had five Combined License (COL) applications under
review—for Bellefonte 3 and 4 (Alabama); Calvert Cliffs 3 (Maryland); North
Anna 3 (Virginia); and South Texas Project 3 and 4 (Texas), and William States
Lee III (South Carolina). As of December 2008, an additional 12 COL applications were either under review or had been submitted to the NRC—for Bell Bend
(Pennsylvania); Callaway 2 (Missouri); Comanche Peak 3 and 4 (Texas); Fermi 3
(Michigan); Grand Gulf 2 (Mississippi); Shearon Harris 2 and 3 (North Carolina);
Levy County 1 and 2 (Florida); Nine Mile Point 3 (New York); River Bend 2
(Louisiana); Virgil C. Summer 2 and 3 (South Carolina); Victoria County 1 and 2
(Texas); and Vogtle 3 and 4 (Georgia). Of the 12 new COL applications, Bell
Bend, Levy, Victoria, and William States Lee III are the only sites that do not yet
have any reactors. These 17 COL applications represent a total of 26 reactors. In
addition to the COL applications currently under review, Watts Bar 2 is currently
under construction. Issued a construction permit for Watts Bar 2 in 1973, the
Tennessee Valley Authority plans to complete construction and bring the unit on
line in 2012. This is the only reactor that is anticipated to apply for the license
separate of construction permit.
As of December 31, 2008, 14 applications for license extensions were under
review by the NRC. The oldest application still pending, first submitted in July
2005, was for the oldest commercial reactor still in service, the Mark 1 Boiling
Water Reactor at Oyster Creek. The most recent application, submitted on December 18, 2008, was for the Crystal River 3 plant (Florida). On April 8, 2009, the
NRC granted a 20-year license extension to Oyster Creek, reducing the number of
applications currently under review to 13.
For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.
Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the Energy Information
Administration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fully describe the
history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time frame was
extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories were
revised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquire
the data for the revised categories, it was necessary to develop a reactor unit
280
database employing different sources than those used previously for Table 9.1 and
still used for Table 9.2.
The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nuclear power units, which means
that the units contributed power to the commercial electricity grid. A total of 259
units ever ordered was identified. Although most orders were placed by electric utilities, several units are or were ordered, owned, and operated wholly or in part by the
Federal Government, including BONUS (Boiling Nuclear Superheater Power Station),
Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2, Hallam, Hanford N, Piqua, and
Shippingport.
A reactor is generally defined as operable in Table 9.1 while it possessed a fullpower license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its predecessor the
Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end of the
year. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude units retaining full-power
licenses during long, non-routine shutdowns. For example:
 In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Authority units (Browns Ferry 1, 2, and
3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shut down under a regulatory forced outage.
Browns Ferry 1 was authorized by the NRC to restart in 2008, while the
other units restarted in 1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively. All five
units were counted as operable during the shutdowns.
 Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976 for conversion to a lightwater breeder reactor, but is counted as operable until its retirement in 1982.
 Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for replacement of pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as operable during those years.
Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three Mile Island 2. Shoreham was
granted a full-power license in April 1989, but was shut down two months later and
never restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession Only. Although not
operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated as operable during 1989 and
shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable and shut down in the same year
would introduce a statistical discrepancy in the tallies. A major accident closed
Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unit retained its full-power license
for several years, it is considered permanently shut down since that year.
Table 9.1 Sources: Operable Units: • 1955-1982–Compiled from various
sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Reactor
Programs, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units: Significant
Milestones." • 1983 forward–Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," and predecessor forms. All Other
Data: • 1955-1997–U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1973 Annual Report to
Congress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; Nuclear Energy Institute, Historical
Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development (1988); EIA, Commercial Nuclear
Power 1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear Reactors Built, Being Built, and
Planned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Information Digest
(1997 and 1998) and "Plant Status Report"; and various utility, Federal, and contractor officials. • 1998 forward–NRC, Information Digest, annual reports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
10
Renewable Energy
Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources
Renewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2008
Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources, 1949-2008
8
Total
– Solar/PV 1%
– Geothermal 5%
Quadrillion Btu
6
– Waste1 6%
– Wind 7%
Nuclear Electric
Power
– Biofuels² 19%
4
Hydroelectric
Power3
2
Wood
9%
`
Wind
Coal
23%
Biofuels2
0
1950
Petroleum
37%
7% 7%
Renewable
Energy
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
– Wood 28%
Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 2008
Natural Gas
24%
3
Quadrillion Btu
2.5
– Hydroelectric
Power³
34%
2.0
2
1.4
1
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.1
0
Hydroelectric
Power3
1
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
2
Fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products from the production
of fuel ethanol and biodisel.
282
Wood
3
Conventional hydroelectric power.
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Biofuels²
Wind
Waste¹
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Production 1
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Biofuels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
13
35
R64
R79
R95
R109
R125
R127
R128
R113
R131
R148
R173
R192
R202
R144
190
R207
215
238
260
R314
R411
R500
R581
R743
R1,011
1,429
2
Total
3
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,432
1,503
1,529
1,540
1,499
1,713
1,838
2,038
2,152
2,476
R2,597
2,664
R2,906
R2,973
R3,018
R2,934
R2,877
R3,019
R3,162
R2,737
R2,784
R2,935
R2,912
R3,031
R3,103
R3,158
R3,112
2,933
2,969
3,010
2,629
2,712
2,815
3,011
R3,120
R3,309
R3,583
3,900
Consumption
Total
Renewable
Energy 4
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal 6
Biomass
2,974
2,978
2,784
2,929
3,398
4,076
4,268
4,398
4,433
4,769
4,723
4,768
4,249
5,039
5,166
5,485
R5,478
6,034
R6,562
R6,524
R6,187
R6,225
R5,741
R5,570
R6,394
R6,208
R6,240
R5,995
R6,265
R6,157
R6,705
R7,168
R7,181
6,659
6,683
6,262
5,318
5,899
R6,148
6,248
R6,410
R6,857
6,800
7,316
1,425
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
2,824
2,864
2,861
3,177
3,155
2,976
2,333
2,937
2,931
2,900
2,758
3,266
3,527
3,386
2,970
3,071
2,635
2,334
2,837
3,046
3,016
2,617
2,892
2,683
3,205
3,590
3,640
3,297
3,268
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,825
2,690
2,703
2,869
R2,446
2,452
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
317
336
346
349
364
338
294
316
325
328
331
317
311
328
331
341
343
343
R349
358
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
55
60
63
64
66
69
70
71
70
70
69
66
65
64
64
65
66
72
R81
91
Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels.
Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
3 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, fuel ethanol, and biodiesel.
4 Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.
5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
6 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate),
and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy.
8 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
9 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
10 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
2
7
Wind
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
R341
514
Wood
9
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,429
1,430
1,501
1,527
1,538
1,497
1,711
1,837
2,036
2,150
2,474
2,496
2,510
2,684
2,686
2,687
2,562
2,463
2,577
2,680
2,216
2,214
2,313
2,260
2,324
2,370
2,437
2,371
2,184
2,214
2,262
2,006
1,995
2,002
2,121
R2,136
R2,152
R2,142
2,041
Waste
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
88
119
157
208
236
263
289
315
354
408
440
473
479
515
531
577
551
542
540
511
364
402
401
389
403
R414
R430
431
Biofuels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
13
35
R64
R79
R95
R109
R125
R127
R128
R113
R131
R148
R173
R192
R204
R146
187
205
213
241
258
309
R413
513
R594
795
R1,025
1,413
11
Total
Total
Renewable
Energy
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,432
1,503
1,529
1,540
1,499
1,713
1,838
2,038
2,152
2,476
R2,597
2,664
R2,906
R2,973
R3,018
R2,934
R2,877
R3,019
R3,162
R2,737
R2,784
R2,935
R2,912
R3,031
R3,105
R3,160
R3,109
R2,932
R2,968
3,013
2,627
R2,707
2,817
3,023
R3,133
R3,361
R3,597
3,884
2,974
2,978
2,784
2,929
3,398
4,076
4,268
4,398
4,433
4,769
4,723
4,768
4,249
5,039
5,166
5,485
R5,478
6,034
R6,562
R6,524
R6,187
R6,225
R5,741
R5,570
R6,394
R6,208
R6,240
R5,995
R6,264
R6,157
R6,707
R7,169
7,178
R6,658
6,681
6,264
5,316
R5,894
6,150
R6,260
R6,423
R6,908
R6,814
7,300
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
11 Fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products from the production of fuel
ethanol and biodiesel.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • See Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section. • See Table
E1 for estimated renewable energy consumption for 1635-1945. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/renew.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. All Other Data: Tables 10.2a-c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
283
Figure 10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2008
Residential Sector
Commercial¹ Sector, Major Sources
80
1.0
Wood ²
0.8
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
60
0.6
Wood²
0.4
Waste 5
40
20
0.2
Geothermal4
Solar/PV³ and Geothermal4
0.0
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
1990
Industrial¹ Sector, Major Sources
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2004
2006
2008
Transportation Sector
2.0
1,000
Wood ²
800
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1.5
1.0
0.5
Losses and
Co-products 6
Waste 5
400
200
0.0
Biomass 7
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
1
Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.
2
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
3
Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes small
amounts of commercial sector use.
4
Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
5
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal
284
600
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
6
From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
7
The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85), and biofuels used as diesel fuel
substitutes or additives.
Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.
Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Figure 10.2b
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector
End-Use Sectors, 1949-2008
2.5
Industrial¹
Quadrillion Btu
2.0
1.5
Residential
1.0
Transportation
0.5
Commercial¹
0.0
1950
1960
1970
End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2008
4
1980
2000
End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector
Shares of Total Renewable Energy Consumption, 2008
3.7
3
Quadrillion Btu
1990
End-Use
Sectors
49%
2.1
2
1
0.8
Electric Power
Sector
51%
0.6
0.1
0
Residential Commercial¹
Industrial¹ Transportation
End-Use Sectors
Electric
Power
Sector
1
Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.
Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c.
Sources: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
285
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sector 1
Residential Sector
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Geothermal 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53
56
58
60
62
64
65
65
65
65
64
61
60
59
58
59
61
67
R75
83
3
Wood
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
920
580
610
640
550
520
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
R430
R390
R430
490
4
Total
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
978
641
674
706
618
590
591
612
503
452
462
490
439
449
471
483
R507
R475
R527
599
Hydroelectric
Power 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 8.
2 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fueled plants heat rate). Includes a small amount of commercial sector use.
4 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
286
Biomass
Geothermal 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
Wood
4
Waste
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
29
32
76
66
68
72
76
72
72
76
73
64
67
71
67
69
71
70
70
65
R69
72
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22
28
26
32
33
35
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
R31
32
6
Fuel Ethanol 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
3
Total
Total
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
99
94
95
105
109
106
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
102
R102
107
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
102
98
100
109
114
112
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
119
117
R118
123
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
7 The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10) consumed by the commercial sector.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • All values are estimated, except for commercial sector hydroelectric power and waste.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/renew.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sector 1
Transportation Sector
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Hydroelectric
Power 2
76
69
38
39
33
34
34
34
35
33
32
33
33
32
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
R16
19
Geothermal 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
Wood 4
Waste 5
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,040
1,113
1,165
1,159
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,602
1,516
1,690
1,679
1,645
1,610
1,576
1,625
1,584
1,442
1,410
1,461
1,484
1,580
1,652
1,683
1,731
1,603
1,620
1,636
1,443
1,396
1,363
1,476
1,452
1,515
1,457
1,298
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
87
118
155
204
230
256
282
308
200
192
185
179
181
199
195
224
184
180
171
145
129
146
142
132
148
R147
R162
157
Fuel
Ethanol 6
Biomass
Losses and
Co-products 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
5
6
7
R10
R10
14
1 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
2 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
4 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
5 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
6 The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10) consumed by the industrial sector.
7 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include natural
gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel—these
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
16
R29
R36
R43
R49
R56
R57
R57
R50
R58
R65
R76
R84
R87
R62
R82
88
92
101
110
133
R173
210
R240
R300
R399
563
Total
Total
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,040
1,113
1,165
1,159
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,695
R1,650
R1,875
R1,919
R1,919
R1,916
R1,915
R1,990
R1,842
R1,685
R1,653
R1,706
R1,742
R1,864
R1,936
1,970
R1,998
1,873
1,883
1,884
1,684
1,679
1,684
1,824
R1,847
R1,972
R2,028
2,032
544
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,074
1,147
1,200
1,192
1,096
1,253
1,314
1,432
1,439
1,633
1,728
R1,683
R1,908
R1,952
R1,952
R1,949
R1,948
R2,023
R1,872
R1,718
R1,685
R1,739
R1,774
R1,929
R1,994
R2,034
R2,059
1,931
1,936
1,930
1,721
R1,722
R1,730
R1,860
R1,883
R2,005
R2,048
2,056
Fuel
Ethanol 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
19
34
42
51
59
67
68
69
62
72
81
96
107
115
82
104
115
120
138
144
171
233
292
334
451
R568
792
Biodiesel 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
R2
2
R3
12
R33
R46
41
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
19
34
42
51
59
67
68
69
62
72
81
96
107
115
82
104
115
120
138
145
R173
R234
R295
346
R484
R614
833
are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
8 The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85) consumed by the transportation sector.
9 "Biodiesel is any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute, additive, or extender.
See
"Biodiesel" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • All values are estimated, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in 1949-1978 and
1989 forward. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/renew.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
287
Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2008
5
Quadrillion Btu
4
Electric Power Sector Total
3
Hydroelectric Power1
2
1
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2008
600
600
500
500
514
Wind2
400
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
400
Geothermal³
300
Waste4
200
312
300
242
200
Wood5
100
181
100
Solar/PV6
0
1990
1
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.
Wind electricity net generation.
3
Geothermal electricity net generation.
4
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid
2
288
8
0
Wind²
Geothermal³
Waste4
Wood5
waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
5
Wood and wood-driven fuels.
6
Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation.
Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-use sectors.
Source: Table 10.2c.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Solar/PV6
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008
(Trillion Btu)
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19897
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Hydroelectric
Power 1
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
2,790
2,829
2,827
3,143
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
2,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
R2,430
2,432
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
R308
312
2
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
8
3
Wind
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
R341
514
Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate).
Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
plants heat rate).
4 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
2
3
Wood
5
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
100
129
126
140
150
152
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
R186
181
Waste 6
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
132
188
229
262
265
282
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
R237
242
6
5
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
2
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
4
9
14
12
15
17
232
317
354
402
415
434
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
R423
423
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,033
2,615
2,806
2,864
2,873
3,199
3,194
3,024
2,383
2,973
2,986
2,982
2,852
3,341
3,627
3,527
3,150
3,270
2,846
2,536
3,372
3,689
3,710
3,360
3,662
3,420
3,889
4,305
4,375
4,032
4,034
3,579
2,910
3,445
3,601
3,503
3,568
3,827
R3,508
3,690
independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/renew.html.
• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
289
Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview
Overview, 2008
Stocks, 1992-2008
1,500
16
1,340
Trillion Btu
809
778
562
500
Million Barrels
12
1,000
8
4
44
0
13
0
Feedstock¹
Losses and
Co-products2
Production
Net Imports³
Stock Change Consumption
Consumption, 1981-2008
1995
2005
Fuel Ethanol and Biodiesel Production, 2008
10
12
9.2
9.6 Billion Gallons
in 2008
8
Billion Gallons
8
Billion Gallons
2000
4
6
4
2
0.7
0
0
1985
1
2
290
1990
1995
Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol.
Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.
2000
2005
3
Fuel Ethanol
Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports are not available.
Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Biodiesel
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2008
Trade
Feedstock 1
Losses and
Co-products 2
Year
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
13
35
R64
R79
R95
R109
R125
R127
R128
R113
R131
R148
R173
R192
R202
R144
190
R207
215
238
259
313
410
497
R569
R711
R948
1,340
6
16
R29
R36
R43
R49
R56
R57
R57
R50
R58
R65
R76
R84
R87
R62
R82
88
92
101
110
133
R173
210
R240
R299
R398
562
1,978
5,369
9,890
12,150
14,693
16,954
19,497
19,780
20,062
17,802
20,627
23,453
27,484
30,689
32,325
23,178
30,674
33,453
34,881
38,627
42,028
50,956
66,772
81,058
92,961
116,294
R155,263
219,927
83
225
415
510
617
712
819
831
843
748
866
985
1,154
1,289
1,358
973
1,288
1,405
1,465
1,622
1,765
2,140
2,804
3,404
3,904
4,884
R6,521
9,237
1
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports 3
Stocks 4
Stock
Change 5
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
Trillion
Btu
7
19
35
43
52
60
69
70
71
63
73
83
97
109
114
82
109
118
123
137
149
180
236
287
329
412
R549
778
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
244
279
387
313
85
66
87
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
R10,457
12,347
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
244
279
387
313
85
66
87
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
R10,457
12,347
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,791
2,114
2,393
2,186
2,065
2,925
3,406
4,024
3,400
4,298
6,200
5,978
6,002
5,563
8,760
R10,535
14,219
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
323
279
-207
-121
860
481
618
-624
898
1,902
-222
24
-439
3,197
R1,775
63,710
1,978
5,369
9,890
12,150
14,693
16,954
19,497
19,780
20,062
17,802
20,627
23,453
27,405
30,689
32,919
23,612
29,899
33,038
34,350
39,367
41,445
49,360
67,286
84,576
96,634
130,505
R163,945
228,564
83
225
415
510
617
712
819
831
843
748
866
985
1,151
1,289
1,383
992
1,256
1,388
1,443
1,653
1,741
2,073
2,826
3,552
4,059
5,481
R6,886
9,600
7
19
35
43
52
60
69
70
71
63
73
83
97
109
117
84
106
117
122
139
147
175
238
299
342
462
R580
809
Production
Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol.
Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,
and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol—these are included in the industrial
sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
3 Net imports equal imports minus exports.
4 Stocks are at end of year.
5 A negative number indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive number indicates an increase.
6 Derived from preliminary 2007 stocks value, not final 2007 value shown in this table.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by 0.003539 (the approximate heat content of fuel
ethanol—see Table A3). • Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates.
Beginning in 1993, only data for feedstock and losses and co-products are estimates. • Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/
petroleum_supply_monthly/psm.html.
Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as fuel ethanol production in thousand barrels multiplied by the fuel
ethanol feedstock factor—see Table A3. Losses and Co-products: Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Consumption
minus fuel ethanol production. Production: • 1981-1992—Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal
fuel ethanol consumption—see sources for "Consumption." • 1993-2004—Calculated as fuel ethanol
consumption plus fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports. These data differ slightly from
the original production data from Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-819, "Monthly
Oxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with
the final balance. • 2005 forward—EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report." Trade, Stocks, and
Stock Change: • 1992-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports. • 2008—EIA,
Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports. Consumption: • 1981-1989—EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
(CNEAF), estimates. • 1990-1992—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D2;
and EIA, CNEAF, estimates. • 1993-2004—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16. Calculated as ten
percent of oxygenated finished motor gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input
(Table 16). • 2005-2007—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculated as motor gasoline
blending components adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel
ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15). • 2008—EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Tables 1 and 27.
Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline
adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 27).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
291
Figure 10.4 Biodiesel Overview
Overview, 2008
100
88
87
86
Trillion Btu
75
50
41
40
25
1
0
Feedstock¹
NA
Losses and
Co-Products2
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock
Change
Consumption³
Consumption³, 2001-2008
400
Million Gallons
300
320 Million Gallons
in 2008
200
100
0
2001
1
2002
2003
Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.
3
Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
2
292
2004
2005
NA= Not Available.
Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2006
2007
2008
Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2008
Trade
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Feedstock 1
Losses and
Co-products 2
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
1
1
2
4
12
32
R63
88
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports 3
Stocks
Stock
Change
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
Trillion
Btu
1
1
2
4
12
32
R62
87
78
191
94
97
207
1,069
3,342
7,502
39
56
110
124
206
828
6,477
16,128
39
135
-16
-26
1
242
-3,135
-8,626
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
243
385
322
640
2,163
6,204
8,528
7,624
10
16
14
27
91
261
358
320
1
2
2
3
12
33
46
41
Production
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
204
250
338
666
2,162
5,963
R11,662
16,251
9
10
14
28
91
250
R490
683
Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and
other non-biomass energy used in the production of biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sector
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
3 Net imports equal imports minus exports.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: • Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by 0.005359 (the approximate heat content of biodiesel—see
Table A3). For other conversion factors related to biodiesel, see Table A3 (columns 11 and 12, and
footnote 8). • Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data are estimates. • Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.gov/cir/www/311/m311k.html.
Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 0.005433
(the biodiesel feedstock factor—see Table A3). Losses and Co-products: Calculated as biodiesel
2
Consumption
feedstock minus biodiesel production. Production: • 2001-2005—U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived from quarterly data.
• 2006—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils: Production,
Consumption, and Stocks," Table 3A, data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). In
addition, the Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting,
estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). • 2007
and 2008—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils: Production,
Consumption, and Stocks," Table 3A, data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
Trade: U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports data for Harmonized Tariff Schedule code 3824.90.40.20
(Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable/Mixture), and exports data for Schedule B code 3824.90.40.00 (Fatty
Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture). Although these categories include products other than biodiesel
(such as those destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest component. In the
absence of other reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good estimates. Consumption:
Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
293
Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption
Vehicles in Use, 1995-2007
Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2007
400
800
364
696
635
534
565
592
300
Thousand Vehicles
Thousand Vehicles
600
471
395
400
280 295
247 265
425
322
200
158
114
100
200
56
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Ethanol¹
2007
Fuel Consumption, 1995-2007
CNG ³
Electricity
LNG
429
403
400
421
418
415
382
352
278
297
315
326
325
305
200
100
179
152
150
100
54
50
25
5
0
0
1995
1
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as
alternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85fueling capability.
2
Liquefied petroleum gases.
3
Compressed natural gas.
294
Hydrogen
200
Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
LPG²
(s)
4
Fuel Consumption by Type, 2007
500
300
3
0
0
CNG ³
LPG²
4
Ethanol¹
Liquefied natural gas.
(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.
(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.
Source: Table 10.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
LNG
4
Electricity
(ss)
Hydrogen
Table 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2007
Alternative and Replacement Fuels 1
Oxygenates 2
Liquefied Compressed Liquefied
Petroleum
Natural
Natural
Year
Gases
Gas
Gas
Methanol, Methanol,
Ethanol,
85 Percent
Neat
85 Percent
3
4
(M85)
(M100)
(E85) 3,5
Ethanol,
95 Percent
(E95) 3
Electricity 6
Hydrogen
Other
Fuels 7
Subtotal
Methyl Tertiary Ethanol in
Butyl Ether 8 Gasohol 9
Total
Biodiesel 10
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 11 (number)
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007P
NA
NA
NA
172,806
175,585
175,679
177,183
178,610
181,994
185,053
187,680
190,369
182,864
173,795
164,846
158,254
23,191
32,714
41,227
50,218
60,144
68,571
78,782
91,267
100,750
111,851
120,839
114,406
118,532
117,699
116,131
114,391
90
299
484
603
663
813
1,172
1,681
2,090
2,576
2,708
2,640
2,717
2,748
2,798
2,781
4,850
10,263
15,484
18,319
20,265
21,040
19,648
18,964
10,426
7,827
5,873
0
0
0
0
0
404
414
415
386
172
172
200
198
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
172
441
605
1,527
4,536
9,130
12,788
24,604
87,570
100,303
120,951
179,090
211,800
246,363
297,099
364,384
38
27
33
136
361
347
14
14
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,607
1,690
2,224
2,860
3,280
4,453
5,243
6,964
11,830
17,847
33,047
47,485
49,536
51,398
53,526
55,730
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
43
119
159
223
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
NA
NA
NA
246,855
265,006
280,205
295,030
322,302
394,664
425,457
471,098
533,999
565,492
592,125
634,562
695,766
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,175,964
2,070,897
2,020,455
2,693,407
2,751,955
3,106,745
2,905,781
3,405,390
3,298,803
3,354,949
3,122,859
2,368,400
1,877,300
1,654,500
435,000
618,000
719,408
779,958
868,113
934,615
677,537
852,514
912,858
975,255
1,114,313
1,173,323
1,450,721
1,919,572
2,414,167
2,756,663
3,729,168
4,694,304
1,895,372
2,850,854
2,888,569
3,628,022
3,429,492
3,959,260
3,818,639
4,380,645
4,413,116
4,528,272
4,573,580
4,287,972
4,291,467
4,411,163
4,164,168
5,312,304
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,828
R10,627
R16,824
R14,082
R27,968
R94,513
R271,159
372,691
Fuel Consumption 12 (thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007P
1
NA
NA
NA
233,178
239,648
238,845
241,881
210,247
213,012
216,319
223,600
224,697
211,883
188,171
173,130
152,360
17,159
22,035
24,643
35,865
47,861
66,495
73,859
81,211
88,478
106,584
123,081
133,222
158,903
166,878
172,011
178,565
598
1,944
2,398
2,821
3,320
3,798
5,463
5,959
7,423
9,122
9,593
13,503
20,888
22,409
23,474
24,594
1,121
1,671
2,455
2,122
1,862
1,630
1,271
1,126
614
461
354
0
0
0
0
0
2,672
3,321
3,347
2,255
364
364
471
469
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
49
82
195
712
1,314
1,772
4,019
12,388
15,007
18,250
26,376
31,581
38,074
44,041
54,091
87
82
144
1,021
2,770
1,166
61
64
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
359
288
430
663
773
1,010
1,202
1,524
3,058
4,066
7,274
5,141
5,269
5,219
5,104
5,037
See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary.
See "Oxygenates" in Glossary.
Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.
4 One hundred percent methanol.
5 Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarily
fleet-operated vechicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehicle
manufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2007, the
Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable of
operating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 7.1 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used as
traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids.
7 May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternative
fuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995.
8 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,
primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).
9 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.
10 "Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"
in Glossary.
11 "Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of each
2
3
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
25
41
66
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
NA
NA
NA
278,121
297,310
314,621
325,980
304,618
324,986
351,558
382,152
402,941
428,532
420,778
417,803
414,715
NA
NA
NA
3,906,142
3,726,802
4,273,880
4,144,620
4,685,263
4,744,930
R4,890,457
R4,972,556
R4,704,995
R4,747,967
R4,926,454
R4,853,130
6,099,710
calendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration vehicles that are not ready for delivery to
end users. See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.
12 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common base unit of gasoline-equivalent gallons to
allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivalent gallons do not represent gasoline
displacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the gross heat content of the replacement fuel
by the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate heat content of 122,619 Btu per gallon) and
multiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: • 1992-1994—Science Applications International Corporation, "Alternative Transportation
Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final report prepared for the EIA, (McLean, VA, July
1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Data were
revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For a table of gross and net heat contents, see EIA,
Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels: An Overview (June 1994), Table 22. • 1995-2002—EIA,
"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003 Estimated Data" (February 2004), Tables 1 and 10,
and unpublished revisions. Data were revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. • 2003
forward—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2007" (April 2009), Tables V1 and C1, and
unpublished revisions.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
295
Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade
Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2007
Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2007
Price of Total Shipments, 1986-2007
5
12
Nominal Dollars¹ per Square Foot
24
Million Square Feet
Million Square Feet
4
18
12
6
3
Imports
2
1
Exports
0
0
6
3
0
1980
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
9
1985
1990
Number of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-1984
and 1986-2007
1995
2000
2005
1990
1995
2000
2005
Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 1974-1984 and 1986-2007
1,800
300
Medium-Temperature
Collectors2
Thousand Square Feet
1,500
Number
200
Low-Temperature
Collectors3
100
1,200
900
Low-Temperature
Collectors3
600
300
Medium-Temperature
Collectors2
0
0
1975
1
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to
180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Special collectors–evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectors–are included in the medium-temperature category.
2
296
1975
2005
1980
3
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
Notes: • Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports
that subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. • Data were not collected
for 1985.
Source: Table 10.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2007
(Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)
Low-Temperature Collectors 1
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
19856
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Number
of U.S.
Manufacturers
6
13
19
52
69
84
79
75
61
55
48
NA
22
12
8
10
12
16
16
13
16
14
14
13
12
13
11
10
13
12
9
10
11
13
Medium-Temperature Collectors 2
Quantity
Shipped
Shipments
per
Manufacturer
Price 4
(nominal
dollars 5 per
square foot)
1,137
3,026
3,876
4,743
5,872
8,394
12,233
8,677
7,476
4,853
4,479
NA
3,751
3,157
3,326
4,283
3,645
5,585
6,187
6,025
6,823
6,813
6,821
7,524
7,292
8,152
7,948
10,919
11,126
10,877
13,608
15,224
15,546
13,323
190
233
204
91
85
100
155
116
123
88
93
NA
171
263
416
428
304
349
387
464
426
487
487
579
607
627
723
1,092
856
906
1,512
1,522
1,413
1,025
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.30
2.18
2.24
2.60
2.90
2.90
2.50
2.80
2.54
2.32
2.67
2.60
2.83
2.08
2.09
2.15
1.97
2.08
1.80
2.00
1.95
1.97
Number
of U.S.
Manufacturers
39
118
203
297
204
257
250
263
248
179
206
NA
87
50
45
36
41
41
34
33
31
26
19
21
19
20
16
17
17
17
17
17
35
51
Quantity
Shipped
137
717
1,925
5,569
4,988
5,856
7,165
11,456
11,145
11,975
11,939
NA
1,111
957
732
1,989
2,527
989
897
931
803
840
785
606
443
427
400
268
535
560
506
702
1,346
1,797
Shipments
per
Manufacturer
4
6
10
19
25
23
29
44
45
67
58
NA
13
19
16
55
62
24
26
28
26
32
41
29
23
21
25
16
31
33
30
41
38
35
1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below
110° F.
2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature
range of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors are
included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration
for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and
specialized industrial processes).
3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above
180° F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer.
4 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and
warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.
5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
6 No data are available for 1985.
High-Temperature Collectors 3
Price 4
(nominal
dollars 5 per
square foot)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18.30
13.50
14.88
11.74
7.68
11.94
10.96
11.74
13.54
10.48
14.48
15.17
15.17
19.12
W
W
W
W
19.30
W
W
W
Quantity
Shipped
Price 4
(nominal
dollars 5 per
square foot)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
773
NA
4,498
3,155
4,116
5,209
5,237
1
2
12
2
13
10
7
21
4
5
2
2
7
0
115
3,852
33
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
17.76
15.74
31.94
75.66
22.12
177.00
53.26
18.75
25.00
53.21
286.49
W
W
W
W
––
W
W
W
Total Shipments
Trade
Quantity
Shipped
Price 4
(nominal
dollars 5 per
square foot)
Imports
Exports
1,274
3,743
5,801
10,312
10,860
14,251
19,398
21,133
18,621
16,828
17,191
NA
9,360
7,269
8,174
11,482
11,409
6,574
7,086
6,968
7,627
7,666
7,616
8,138
7,756
8,583
8,354
11,189
11,663
11,444
14,114
16,041
20,744
15,153
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.14
4.82
4.56
10.92
9.86
4.26
3.58
3.96
3.74
3.30
3.91
3.56
3.66
3.05
3.28
2.90
2.85
3.19
2.43
2.86
5.84
3.95
NA
NA
NA
NA
396
290
235
196
418
511
621
NA
473
691
814
1,233
1,562
1,543
1,650
2,039
1,815
2,037
1,930
2,102
2,206
2,352
2,201
3,502
3,068
2,986
3,723
4,546
4,244
3,891
NA
NA
NA
NA
840
855
1,115
771
455
159
348
NA
224
182
158
461
245
332
316
411
405
530
454
379
360
537
496
840
659
518
813
1,361
1,211
1,376
NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of proprietary company
data.
Notes: • Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. • Manufacturers producing more than one
type of collector are accounted for in both groups.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: • 1974-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Solar Collector Manufacturing Activity,
annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and
predecessor forms. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, and Form EIA-63A,
"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and predecessor form. • 2003-2006—EIA, Solar
Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities, annual reports, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual
Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey." • 2007—EIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing
Activities 2007 (October 2008), Tables 2.1, 2.3, and 2.12, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal
Collector Manufacturers Survey."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
297
Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by End-Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2007
End Use
Market Sector
15
Type of Collector
15
15
12.8
10
5
Million Square Feet
12.0
Million Square Feet
Million Square Feet
12.1
10
5
10
5
1.8
1.4
0.9
0.2
0
Pool
Water
Heating Heating
0.1
(s)
(s)
0
Residential
Space Combined Other²
Heating Heating¹
Commercial
(s)
0
Industrial and
Electric Power
LowMediumHighTemperature3 Temperature4 Temperature5
End Use by Type of Collector
15
Million Square Feet
11.9
10
5
1.4
0.1
0
Pool
Heating
Space
Heating
0.2
(s)
Other
6
Water
Heating
Pool
Heating
Low-Temperature Collectors3
Space
Heating
0.1
Combined
Heating¹
Medium-Temperature Collectors4
1
5
2
6
Combined space and water heating.
Process heating, space cooling, and electricity generation.
3
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
4
Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 180
degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
298
0.1
(s)
Other
(s)
7
Process Heating
High-Temperature
Collectors5
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
Water heating and electric generation.
7
Space cooling and electricity generation.
(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.
Source: Table 10.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2000-2007
(Thousand Square Feet)
By Market Sector
Year
and Type
Residential
Commercial 1
Industrial 2
By End Use
Electric
Power 3
Other 4
Pool
Heating
Water
Heating
Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Combined
Heating 5
Process
Heating
Electricity
Generation
Total
Total Shipments 6
2000 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
7,473
7,102
370
1
810
786
23
1
57
52
5
0
5
0
(s)
3
10
9
1
0
7,863
7,836
26
0
367
0
365
2
99
92
7
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
(s)
20
20
0
0
3
0
0
3
8,355
7,949
400
5
2001 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
10,125
9,885
240
0
1,012
987
24
1
17
12
5
0
1
0
0
1
35
34
1
0
10,797
10,782
16
0
274
42
232
0
70
61
9
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
12
0
34
34
0
0
2
0
0
2
11,189
10,919
268
2
2002 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
11,000
10,519
481
0
595
524
69
2
62
2
60
0
4
0
4
0
1
0
1
0
11,073
11,045
28
0
423
1
422
0
146
0
146
0
(s)
0
(s)
0
17
0
15
2
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
11,663
11,046
615
2
2003 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
10,506
9,993
513
0
864
813
44
7
71
71
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
10,800
10,778
22
0
511
0
511
0
76
65
11
0
(s)
0
(s)
0
23
0
16
7
34
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,444
10,877
560
7
2004 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
12,864
12,386
478
0
1,178
1,178
0
0
70
44
26
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
13,634
13,600
33
0
452
0
452
0
13
8
5
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,115
13,608
506
0
2005 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
14,681
14,045
636
0
1,160
1,099
58
2
31
30
1
0
114
0
0
114
56
50
6
0
15,041
15,022
20
0
640
12
628
0
228
190
38
0
2
0
0
2
16
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
114
0
0
114
16,041
15,224
702
115
2006 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
15,123
13,906
1,217
0
1,626
1,500
120
7
42
40
2
0
3,845
0
0
3,845
107
100
7
0
15,362
15,225
137
0
1,136
10
1,126
0
330
290
40
0
3
0
3
0
66
21
38
7
0
0
0
0
3,847
0
2
3,845
20,744
15,546
1,346
3,852
189
63
126
–
13
–
13
–
73
–
73
–
27
–
–
27
6
1
5
–
13,777
11,986
1,764
27
Domestic Shipments 6
2007 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
12,799
11,352
1,447
–
931
633
298
(s)
46
–
18
27
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
12,076
11,917
158
–
1 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."
Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.
2 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in
2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."
3 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in
"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
4 Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excluding
space applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector.
5 Combined space and water heating.
6 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domestic
shipments only.
7 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below
110° F.
8 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature
1,393
4
1,389
(s)
range of 140° F to 180° F, but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors are
included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration
for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and
specialized industrial processes).
9 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above
180° F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by independent power producers to
generate electricity for the electric grid.
– = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: • 2000-2002—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Renewable Energy Annual, annual
reports. • 2003-2006—EIA, Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities, annual
reports. • 2007—EIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities 2007 (October 2008), Table 2.13.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
299
Figure 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices
Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2007
Total Shipments, 1982-2007
600
50
46
41
500
Thousand Peak Kilowatts
Number
40
29
30
23
23
19 18
20
15
17 17
17
19
21
24 25
22
21 21
19
19
21
19 19 20 19
14
10
400
300
200
100
0
0
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Trade, 1983-2007
2004
1985
2006
1990
1995
2000
2005
Prices, 1989-2007
7
Nominal Dollars¹ per Peak Watt
250
Thousand Peak Kilowatts
2007:
518 thousand
peak kilowatts
200
150
100
Exports
50
6
5
4
Modules
3
Cells
2
1
Imports
0
0
1985
1
1990
1995
2000
2005
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic and foreign customers.
300
1990
1992
1994
Source: Table 10.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2007
U.S. Companies
Reporting
Shipments
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Shipments
Crystalline Silicon
Thin-Film Silicon
Total 2
Imports
Exports
Peak Kilowatts 3
Number
19
18
23
15
17
17
14
17
519
23
21
19
22
24
25
21
21
19
21
19
19
20
19
29
41
46
Prices 1
Trade
NA
NA
NA
5,461
5,806
5,613
7,364
10,747
12,492
14,205
14,457
20,146
24,785
29,740
33,996
44,314
47,186
73,461
85,155
84,651
104,123
97,940
159,138
172,965
233,518
310,330
NA
NA
NA
303
516
1,230
1,895
1,628
1,321
723
1,075
782
1,061
1,266
1,445
1,886
3,318
3,269
2,736
12,541
7,396
10,966
21,978
53,826
101,766
202,519
6,897
12,620
9,912
5,769
6,333
6,850
9,676
12,825
513,837
14,939
15,583
20,951
26,077
31,059
35,464
46,354
50,562
76,787
88,221
97,666
112,090
109,357
181,116
226,916
337,268
517,684
1 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and
warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.
2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,
thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications.
3 See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary.
4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
5 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990.
NA=Not available.
Modules
Cells
Nominal Dollars 4 per Peak Watt 3
NA
NA
NA
285
678
921
1,453
826
1,398
2,059
1,602
1,767
1,960
1,337
1,864
1,853
1,931
4,784
8,821
10,204
7,297
9,731
47,703
90,981
173,977
238,018
NA
1,903
2,153
1,670
3,109
3,821
5,358
7,363
7,544
8,905
9,823
14,814
17,714
19,871
22,448
33,793
35,493
55,562
68,382
61,356
66,778
60,693
102,770
92,451
130,757
237,209
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.14
5.69
6.12
6.11
5.24
4.46
4.56
4.09
4.16
3.94
3.62
3.46
3.42
3.74
3.17
2.99
3.19
3.50
3.37
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.08
3.84
4.08
3.21
5.23
2.97
2.53
2.80
2.78
3.15
2.32
2.40
2.46
2.12
1.86
1.92
2.17
2.03
2.22
Note:
Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: • 1982-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Solar Collector Manufacturing Activity,
annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports. • 2003-2006—EIA, Solar
Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities, annual reports. • 2007—EIA, Solar
Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities 2007 (December 2008), Tables 3.1, 3.5, and 3.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
301
Figure 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2007
By End Use
300
Thousand Peak Kilowatts
250
253.1
200
150
100
50
10.9
4.8
Remote Electric
Generation¹
Original
Equipment
Manufacturers
4.0
0
Grid-Interactive
Electric Generation
Transportation
3.9
2.8
0.6
0.4
Water
Pumping
Communications
Consumer
Goods
Health
By Market Sector
Thousand Peak Kilowatts
150
140.4
100
68.4
50
35.3
32.7
3.6
0
Commercial
1
2
302
Residential
Electricity for general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system.
Electric utilities and independent power producers.
Electric Power²
3
Industrial³
Transportation
Industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in “Electric Power.”
Source: Table 10.9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2007
(Peak Kilowatts 1 )
By Market Sector
By End Use
Electricity Generation
Year
Residential
Commercial 3
Government
Industrial 4
Transportation
Electric
Power 5
Other 6
Commun- Consumer
Gridications
Goods
Interactive
Total Shipments
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1,439
1,701
3,624
4,154
5,237
6,632
6,272
8,475
10,993
15,936
19,817
24,814
33,262
29,315
23,389
53,928
75,040
95,815
3,850
6,086
3,345
2,386
4,115
5,429
8,100
5,176
8,111
8,460
17,283
13,692
15,710
20,578
32,604
74,509
89,459
180,852
1,077
1,002
815
1,063
1,325
2,114
2,000
3,126
3,909
2,808
3,107
4,417
5,728
8,565
5,538
3,257
28,683
7,688
3,993
2,817
3,947
4,279
5,352
6,855
7,198
8,300
11,748
13,232
24,972
28,808
28,063
32,218
27,951
30,493
22,199
28,618
1,130
974
1,555
1,673
2,564
2,174
2,383
3,995
3,574
3,440
4,341
5,502
8,486
12,932
11,089
1,380
1,621
2,458
785
826
1,275
1,553
1,503
2,364
3,759
4,753
5,651
3,965
5,876
6,298
5,846
7,640
8,474
3,233
143
3,981
551
432
377
477
856
510
1,347
1,639
2,367
2,720
1,392
4,690
571
841
313
14,316
9,772
17,857
2,590
4,340
3,538
3,717
3,846
5,570
5,154
6,041
7,383
8,280
12,147
12,269
14,743
17,290
14,185
11,348
8,666
6,888
2,788
2,484
3,312
2,566
946
3,239
1,025
1,063
347
1,198
2,292
2,870
4,059
3,400
2,995
6,444
5,787
4,030
2
Original
Equipment
Manufacturers 7
Transportation
Remote
Health
2,620
3,097
3,594
4,238
5,761
9,253
8,233
10,884
8,630
8,634
10,829
14,997
21,447
21,693
15,025
18,371
24,958
18,003
5
5
61
67
674
79
776
977
1,303
1,061
1,466
2,742
3,203
4,202
2,924
341
0
0
1,595
1,119
1,315
828
2,023
1,849
3,188
2,410
5,245
5,044
12,400
12,153
6,268
7,869
11,334
6,452
11,677
6,132
1,196
1,069
1,523
1,602
4,238
2,128
4,203
5,196
6,705
6,356
8,486
12,804
12,636
16,028
14,143
1,380
2,159
2,438
10,867
410
4,802
4,018
Water
Pumping
Other 8
Total
711
1,014
729
809
2,294
1,410
2,727
3,261
3,783
4,306
4,063
5,644
7,444
7,532
6,073
1,322
1,343
2,093
69
240
13
530
74
254
1,170
789
4,684
1,491
322
3,028
641
93
194
6,193
3,853
23,487
12,825
13,837
14,939
15,583
20,951
26,077
31,059
35,464
46,354
50,562
76,787
88,221
97,666
112,090
109,357
181,116
226,916
337,268
3,852
––
280,475
9
1,251
469
856
1,227
1,096
2,296
4,585
4,844
8,273
14,193
24,782
21,713
27,226
33,983
42,485
129,265
168,474
274,197
Domestic Shipments 9
2007
1
68,417
10140,434
( 10 )
32,702
3,627
35,294
––
2,836
See "Peak Killowatt" in Glossary.
Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity for
general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residential
site or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation, but only for the
specific use cited.
3 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in
"Government." Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.
4 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in
2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."
5 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in
"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
6 Through 2006, data are for shipments for specialty purposes such as research.
7 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic
2
589
253,101
technology into existing or newly developed product lines.
8 Through 2006, includes applications such as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.
9 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domestic
shipments only.
10 Beginning in 2007, the government sector is included in "Commercial."
– – = Not applicable.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: • 1989-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Solar Collector Manufacturing Activity,
annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports. • 2003-2006—EIA, Solar
Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities, annual reports. • 2007—EIA, Solar
Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities 2007 (December 2008), Table 3.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
303
Renewable Energy
Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Table 10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and
geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants
heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenic
sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)
consumption; fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption; and losses and co-products
from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Production is assumed to equal
consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels (biofuels production
comprises biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).
Table 10.2a Sources
Residential Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Residential Sector, Solar/PV: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office
of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates based on Form
EIA-63A, “Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey,” and Form EIA63B, “Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.”
Residential Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,
“Residential Energy Consumption Survey”; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on
Form EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data.
Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: EIA, Annual Energy Review (AER)
2008, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Commercial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA, CNEAF, estimate. • 1985–1988: Values interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER 2008, Table
8.7c; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-871, “Commercial Buildings
Energy Consumption Survey.”
Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste: EIA, AER 2008, Table 8.7c.
304
Commercial Sector, Ethanol: EIA, AER 2008, Tables 5.11, 5.13a, and 10.3.
Calculated as commercial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 5.13a) divided
by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and then multiplied by fuel
ethanol consumption (Table 10.3).
Table 10.2b Sources
Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: • 1949–1988: EIA, AER 2008, Tables
8.1 and A6. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER 2008, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Industrial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Industrial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA, Estimates of
U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
• 1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987,
Table 2. • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER 2008, Table
8.7c; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-846, “Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey.”
Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste: • 1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels
Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption (see AER 2008, Table 10.2c). • 1982 and 1983: EIA, CNEAF,
estimates for total waste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (see AER 2008, Table 10.2c). • 1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels
Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption (see AER 2008, Table 10.2c). • 1985 and 1986: Values interpolated. • 1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total
waste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (see AER 2008,
Table 10.2c). • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER 2008, Table
8.7c; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on information presented in Government
Advisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Landfill Methane Outreach Program.
Industrial Sector, Ethanol: EIA, AER 2008, Tables 5.11, 5.13b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 5.13b) divided by total
motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and then multiplied by fuel ethanol
consumption (Table 10.3).
Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products: EIA, AER 2008, Table 10.3.
Transportation Sector, Ethanol: EIA, AER 2008, Tables 5.11, 5.13c, and 10.3.
Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 5.13c)
divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and then multiplied
by fuel ethanol consumption (Table 10.3).
Transportation Sector, Biodiesel: EIA, AER 2008, Table 10.3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
11
International Energy
Drilling rig, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source
Total and Crude Oil and NGPL¹, 1970-2006
By Source, 2006
500
180
150
Total
400
169
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
129
300
200
Crude Oil and NGPL¹
100
120
107
90
60
30
30
28
7
0
1970
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Crude Oil
and NGPL1
Coal
Natural
Gas
Hydroelectric
Power
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Geothermal
and Other2
By Source, 1970-2006
180
Crude Oil and NGPL¹
Quadrillion Btu
135
Coal
90
Natural Gas
45
Renewable Energy3
Nuclear Electric Power
0
1970
1
1975
1980
1985
Natural gas plant liquids.
Net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for United States also
include other renewable energy.
3
Net electricity generation from hydroelectric power, geothermal, wood, waste, solar, and
2
306
1990
1995
2000
wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy.
Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.
Source: Table 11.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2005
Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2006
(Quadrillion Btu)
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006P
1
Coal
Natural
Gas 1
Crude Oil 2
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
Nuclear Electric
Power 3
Hydroelectric
Power 3
Geothermal 3
and Other 4
Total
62.96
61.72
63.65
63.87
63.79
66.20
67.32
68.46
69.56
73.83
R71.27
R71.68
R74.33
R74.33
R78.46
R82.28
R84.32
R86.10
R87.98
R89.58
91.02
R86.41
R86.23
R84.41
86.46
R88.55
R89.15
R92.87
R91.53
R91.12
R90.43
R95.70
R97.65
R105.34
R114.10
R122.07
128.50
37.09
39.80
42.08
44.44
45.35
45.67
47.62
48.85
50.26
53.93
54.73
55.56
55.49
56.12
61.78
64.22
65.32
68.48
71.80
74.24
R76.06
R76.88
R77.08
R78.59
R79.35
R80.42
R84.16
R84.11
R85.75
R87.66
R90.99
R93.31
R96.32
R98.50
R101.50
R104.75
107.23
97.09
102.70
108.52
117.88
117.82
113.08
122.92
127.75
128.51
133.87
128.04
120.11
114.45
R113.98
116.88
115.37
120.18
R121.08
125.84
127.83
129.35
128.73
128.93
128.72
130.69
133.43
136.73
140.63
143.24
140.95
146.83
145.57
R143.53
R148.41
R155.38
R157.65
157.05
3.61
3.85
4.09
4.23
4.22
4.12
4.24
4.40
4.55
4.87
5.10
5.37
5.35
5.36
5.73
5.83
6.15
6.35
6.65
6.69
6.87
7.12
7.17
7.47
8.10
8.40
8.59
8.79
9.02
9.26
9.63
10.10
10.28
10.74
11.10
11.47
11.68
0.90
1.23
1.66
2.15
2.86
3.85
4.52
5.41
6.42
6.69
7.58
8.53
9.51
10.72
12.99
15.30
16.25
17.64
19.23
19.74
20.36
21.18
21.28
22.01
22.41
23.26
24.11
23.88
24.32
25.09
R25.65
26.39
R26.67
R26.37
R27.32
R27.54
27.76
12.15
12.74
13.31
13.52
14.84
15.03
15.08
15.56
16.80
17.69
17.90
18.26
18.71
19.69
20.19
20.42
20.89
20.90
21.48
21.53
22.35
22.83
22.71
23.94
24.15
25.34
25.79
26.07
26.05
26.55
R26.78
R26.56
R26.53
26.79
R27.89
R28.98
29.73
1.59
1.61
1.68
1.73
1.76
1.74
1.97
2.11
2.32
2.48
2.94
3.10
R3.28
R3.58
3.73
3.82
R3.82
R3.84
R4.01
R4.38
3.98
4.08
R4.34
R4.37
R4.56
R4.71
R4.86
R4.97
R4.96
R5.16
R5.42
R5.19
R5.53
R5.90
R6.41
R6.88
7.47
215.39
223.64
234.99
247.83
250.64
249.69
263.67
272.54
278.41
293.36
R287.56
R282.61
R281.13
R283.78
R299.76
R307.24
R316.93
R324.39
R336.99
R344.00
R349.99
R347.23
R347.74
R349.51
R355.72
R364.11
R373.40
R381.32
R384.87
R385.79
R395.72
R402.82
R406.50
R422.05
R443.69
R459.34
469.41
Dry production.
Includes lease condensate.
3 Net generation, i.e., gross generation less plant use.
4 Includes net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also
include other renewable energy.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.2) or for
2
other countries (see http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • See Note 1, "World
Primary Energy Production," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Sources: • 1970-1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Database.
• 1980 forward—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2006" (June-December 2008), Tables F1-F9.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
307
Figure 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country
World and Top Producing Countries, 1997-2006
By Region, 1997-2006
500
125
World
300
200
0
1997
75
1999
2000
2001
2002
Eurasia1
Middle East
50
Europe2
25
United States
China
1998
Asia and Oceania2
Africa
Russia
100
North America
100
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
400
2003
2004
2005
0
1997
2006
Central and SouthAmerica
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Top Producing Countries, 2006
80
71.0
67.7
60
Quadrillion Btu
53.3
40
24.7
19.3
20
13.1
12.4
11.4
10.4
10.2
9.6
8.1
8.0
Australia
Mexico
Norway
Indonesia
Venezuela
Brazil
0
United
States
1
2
308
China
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
Canada
Iran
Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.
Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.
India
Source: Table 11.2.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
2006
Table 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1997-2006
(Quadrillion Btu)
Region and Country
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
99.17
9.06
72.63
99.78
17.43
9.31
73.04
98.64
17.68
9.06
71.91
98.95
18.12
9.34
71.49
99.45
9.54
71.89
100.10
R18.35
10.81
70.94
Central and South America .......................
Brazil ...........................................................
Venezuela ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
24.11
R5.07
9.48
9.56
24.75
5.48
9.45
9.82
24.46
R5.89
8.54
10.04
26.02
R6.38
9.37
10.27
25.97
R6.18
9.23
10.57
Europe 1 .......................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Norway .......................................................
Poland ........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
51.77
4.92
5.57
2.88
9.59
3.83
11.33
13.65
50.70
4.78
5.26
2.77
9.33
3.36
11.53
13.68
51.09
4.92
5.31
2.56
9.53
3.50
11.89
13.38
R50.88
5.02
5.32
2.47
10.27
3.06
R11.08
13.66
Eurasia 2 ......................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Other ...........................................................
R50.45
2.47
R40.29
3.01
4.68
R50.66
R53.09
2.43
R40.59
3.03
4.61
2.63
R42.29
3.08
5.10
Middle East ..................................................
Iran .............................................................
Iraq .............................................................
Kuwait .........................................................
Saudi Arabia ...............................................
United Arab Emirates .................................
Other ...........................................................
51.72
9.84
2.60
4.85
21.24
6.50
6.69
54.88
9.90
4.71
5.02
21.42
6.61
7.24
Africa ...........................................................
Algeria ........................................................
Libya ...........................................................
Nigeria ........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Other ...........................................................
26.09
5.63
3.39
4.85
5.44
6.79
Asia and Oceania 1 .....................................
Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Japan ..........................................................
Malaysia .....................................................
Other ...........................................................
World ..........................................................
North America .............................................
Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States ..............................................
2003
2004
2005
2006 P
10.08
10.28
10.26
R70.26
R70.38
R69.65
100.62
19.25
10.35
71.03
25.30
R6.72
8.16
10.41
25.73
R7.08
7.32
11.33
27.08
R7.17
8.06
11.85
28.26
R7.69
8.23
12.34
29.00
8.03
8.08
12.89
51.49
5.14
5.28
2.63
10.28
3.08
11.14
13.94
51.27
5.13
5.30
2.62
10.69
3.08
R10.97
13.47
R50.66
R50.53
R48.94
5.15
R5.28
2.53
10.64
3.08
R10.55
R13.42
5.17
R5.36
2.94
R10.76
3.06
R9.44
R13.79
2.71
10.66
R2.99
R8.63
R13.61
47.74
5.13
5.25
2.65
10.23
2.93
7.87
13.67
R55.65
R57.59
R59.31
R63.14
R66.30
R68.29
3.32
R43.25
3.07
6.01
3.69
R44.42
3.08
6.41
3.98
R45.77
3.07
6.49
4.41
R48.71
3.22
6.80
5.08
R51.15
3.22
6.86
5.48
R52.34
R3.27
7.20
70.06
5.71
53.34
3.33
7.68
53.80
10.00
5.47
4.60
20.18
6.25
7.29
57.48
10.40
5.62
5.04
21.59
6.77
8.06
56.16
10.67
5.22
4.81
20.95
6.59
7.92
54.24
10.45
4.42
4.58
20.27
6.50
8.02
57.58
11.36
2.84
5.14
23.05
7.13
8.05
62.15
12.06
4.38
5.71
24.16
7.42
8.42
65.22
13.01
4.11
6.12
25.51
7.59
8.89
65.26
13.12
4.34
6.14
24.68
7.87
9.11
26.27
5.75
3.26
4.90
5.52
6.83
R26.58
R27.79
R28.05
R28.02
R30.17
6.29
3.30
5.18
5.58
7.44
6.26
3.21
5.45
5.62
R7.51
6.30
3.11
5.16
5.52
R7.93
7.00
3.30
5.71
5.91
R8.24
32.05
7.14
3.61
5.90
6.06
9.33
R34.60
6.03
3.07
4.89
5.43
7.15
35.26
7.73
4.29
6.37
6.01
10.86
R78.01
R77.83
R78.12
R78.94
R84.11
R88.27
R96.13
R106.26
R115.18
8.32
37.97
9.17
7.41
R4.62
3.01
R7.50
8.67
36.67
9.37
7.56
R4.72
3.14
R7.70
8.86
R35.72
9.58
8.02
R4.50
3.16
R8.29
9.68
R35.03
9.83
7.87
R4.54
3.21
R8.79
10.26
R38.53
10.29
8.09
R4.50
3.31
R9.12
10.51
R42.23
10.04
8.32
R4.20
3.44
R9.53
10.35
R48.91
10.60
8.55
R3.77
3.84
R10.12
10.56
R56.45
11.24
8.93
R4.15
4.09
R10.85
R11.24
11.73
9.32
R4.20
3.90
R11.79
121.47
11.40
67.74
12.39
9.62
4.29
3.80
12.23
R381.32
R384.87
R385.79
R395.72
R402.82
R406.50
R422.05
R443.69
R459.34
469.41
R17.47
1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.2) or for
other countries (see http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • See Note 1, "World
Primary Energy Production," at end of section. • World primary energy production includes production of
R18.02
98.65
99.33
98.85
R18.30
R18.67
R18.94
5.10
R5.24
7.70
4.00
6.55
6.05
R10.31
R63.00
crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net
electricity generation from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and
wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Source: Energy Information Administration, "International Energy Annual 2006" (June-December 2008),
Table F1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
309
Figure 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption
World and Top Consuming Countries, 1997-2006
U.S. Share of World, 2006
500
25
21.1
400
20
300
15
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
World
200
United States
100
15.1
10
4.6
5
China
0
1997
Russia
1998
1999
2000
2001
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Regional Consumption Shares, 2006
Population
200
3%
Central and
South America
310
100
101
86
70
48
29
Europe¹
65
46
35
24
24
15
0
North
America
2
121
121
50
18%
1
156
Quadrillion Btu
Eurasia²
Consumption
150
5%
10%
26%
Production
Middle East
5%
33%
Energy
Consumption
Production and Consumption by Region, 2006
Africa
Asia
and
Oceania1
Energy
Production
Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.
Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.
North
Central
America
and South
America
Europe¹
Sources: Tables 11.2, 11.3, and D1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Eurasia²
Middle East
Africa
Asia and
Oceania¹
Table 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1997-2006
(Quadrillion Btu)
Region and Country
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006 P
North America .............................................
Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States ..............................................
Other ...........................................................
113.13
R12.67
5.68
94.77
.02
113.53
R12.37
5.96
95.18
.02
115.82
R12.96
6.04
96.82
.02
118.26
R12.95
6.32
98.98
.02
115.36
R12.76
6.26
96.33
.02
117.25
R13.13
R6.25
97.86
.02
118.20
R13.56
R6.42
98.21
.02
120.74
R13.84
6.53
100.35
.02
121.62
R14.23
R6.86
R100.51
.02
121.18
13.95
7.36
99.86
.02
Central and South America .......................
Argentina ....................................................
Brazil ...........................................................
Venezuela ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
19.45
2.47
7.86
2.66
6.46
20.12
2.58
R8.12
2.85
6.57
20.27
2.61
R8.27
2.73
6.67
20.84
2.67
R8.55
2.77
6.85
21.16
2.61
R8.47
3.03
7.05
21.12
R2.48
R8.58
2.93
7.13
21.61
2.67
R8.69
2.72
7.54
22.44
2.78
R9.02
2.93
7.71
23.40
R2.95
R9.37
R3.12
7.96
24.18
3.15
9.64
3.19
8.20
Europe 1 .......................................................
Belgium .......................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Italy .............................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Poland ........................................................
Spain ..........................................................
Sweden .......................................................
Turkey .........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
R79.87
R80.44
R80.51
R81.53
R82.77
R82.50
R84.24
R85.70
R86.18
R2.65
R2.70
R2.66
R2.73
R2.70
R2.68
R2.78
R2.81
R2.78
10.36
14.36
7.22
3.70
R4.09
4.76
R2.32
2.93
9.75
17.74
10.58
14.34
7.43
3.70
3.85
4.99
R2.40
3.00
R9.74
17.72
10.71
14.13
7.56
3.69
3.98
5.26
R2.37
2.91
R9.79
R17.47
10.85
14.26
7.63
3.79
3.62
5.62
R2.27
3.16
R9.72
17.87
11.08
14.62
R7.67
3.93
3.45
5.87
R2.40
2.89
R9.86
R18.28
11.00
14.33
7.70
3.94
3.44
5.95
R2.27
3.15
R9.72
R18.33
R11.11
11.39
R11.36
R14.59
R14.74
R14.50
R7.99
R8.08
R8.14
4.00
3.60
6.26
R2.17
3.32
R9.86
R18.56
4.11
3.70
R6.39
R2.30
3.51
R9.88
R18.77
R4.23
R19.01
86.42
2.75
11.44
14.63
8.07
4.14
3.86
6.51
2.22
3.91
9.80
19.10
Eurasia 2 ......................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Uzbekistan ..................................................
Other ...........................................................
R39.02
R38.73
R39.83
R40.61
R40.94
R41.59
R43.37
R44.69
R45.79
R25.81
R25.93
R27.01
R27.47
R27.72
R27.93
R28.77
R29.60
R30.06
6.07
1.88
5.26
5.85
1.84
5.11
5.76
1.86
5.19
5.75
1.94
R5.45
5.64
2.03
R5.55
5.82
2.08
R5.75
6.28
2.10
R6.22
6.26
2.22
R6.62
R6.32
Middle East ..................................................
Iran .............................................................
Saudi Arabia ...............................................
Other ...........................................................
15.61
4.43
4.37
6.81
R16.28
4.58
4.54
7.15
16.62
4.83
4.60
7.18
17.32
5.01
4.85
7.46
17.95
5.39
5.14
7.42
18.98
5.89
5.38
7.71
19.76
6.18
5.76
7.82
20.89
6.39
6.21
8.29
R22.75
Africa ...........................................................
Egypt ..........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Other ...........................................................
11.40
1.79
4.56
5.05
R11.30
R11.62
R12.03
R12.63
R13.97
R14.54
1.92
4.46
5.23
2.00
4.59
R5.44
R2.23
R2.44
R6.04
2.59
5.21
R6.18
R2.73
R5.74
12.72
R2.26
4.54
R5.91
R13.36
1.85
4.35
R5.10
Asia and Oceania .....................................
Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Japan ..........................................................
Malaysia .....................................................
South Korea ................................................
Taiwan ........................................................
Thailand ......................................................
Other ...........................................................
R102.89
R101.98
R105.28
R107.33
R111.34
R116.41
R125.48
R138.71
R147.78
4.56
37.91
11.64
3.66
R21.91
1.67
7.41
3.21
2.60
R8.34
4.59
37.32
12.17
3.56
R21.52
1.69
6.83
3.40
2.44
R8.47
4.82
37.23
12.99
3.91
R21.97
1.74
7.55
3.55
2.50
R9.01
World ..........................................................
R381.35
R382.38
R389.95
1
4.66
4.88
R3.68
R6.51
R2.33
R3.73
R9.92
R2.13
R7.27
R7.22
R6.59
R8.93
R5.12
R6.69
23.81
7.69
6.89
9.23
14.50
2.54
5.18
6.77
R3.45
R3.67
R10.92
R11.52
156.31
5.61
73.81
17.68
4.15
22.79
2.56
9.45
4.57
3.74
11.97
R447.15
R462.06
472.27
4.85
5.02
5.13
R5.14
R5.26
R5.57
R37.18
R39.44
R43.30
R50.62
R59.99
R66.80
13.46
4.06
R22.43
1.87
7.89
3.77
2.58
R9.23
13.94
4.46
R22.24
2.11
8.10
3.86
2.70
R9.47
13.84
4.64
R22.15
2.18
R8.39
4.02
2.94
R9.80
14.29
R4.56
R22.15
2.42
R8.64
4.21
3.22
R10.23
R15.54
R16.34
R397.93
R402.15
R410.56
R426.02
1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.3) or for
other countries (see http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • World primary energy
consumption includes consumption of petroleum products (including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil
45.88
30.39
5.87
2.21
7.41
R4.88
R4.91
R22.74
R22.74
2.66
R2.58
R8.91
R9.23
4.36
R4.43
burned as fuel), dry natural gas, and coal (including net imports of coal coke); and the consumption of net
electricity generated from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and
wind. It also includes, for the United States, the consumption of renewable energy by the end-use sectors.
• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Source: Energy Information Administration, "International Energy Annual 2006" (June-December 2008),
Table E1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
311
Figure 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008
Crude Oil Reserves: Oil & Gas Journal
800
Crude Oil Reserves: World Oil
800
748
727
600
Billion Barrels
Billion Barrels
600
400
212¹
200
400
200
110
115
99
40
14
0
0
North
Central
America
and South
America
Europe²
Eurasia³
Middle
Africa
East
Asia and
North
Oceania2
America
Natural Gas Reserves: Oil & Gas Journal
Central
Europe²
Eurasia³
and South
America
Oceania2
2,500
2,015
2,000
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
Asia and
2,570
2,549
1,500
1,000
490
310
262
415
2,104
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
314
172
0
247
504
528
Africa
Asia and
169
0
North
Central
America
and South
America
Europe²
Eurasia³
Middle
East
Africa
Asia and
Oceania2
Includes 173.2 billion barrels of bitumen in oil sands in Alberta, Canada.
² Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.
312
Africa
East
3,000
2,500
500
Middle
Natural Gas Reserves: World Oil
3,000
1
115
58
34
14
126
105
North
America
Central
and South
America
Europe²
Eurasia³
Middle
East
Oceania2
³ Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.
Source: Table 11.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008
Crude Oil
Oil & Gas Journal
Region and Country
North America .................................
Canada ...........................................
Mexico ............................................
United States ..................................
Natural Gas
World Oil
Billion Barrels
Oil & Gas Journal
Crude Oil
World Oil
Trillion Cubic Feet
211.6
11.7
21.3
57.5
25.2
11.1
21.3
309.8
58.2
13.9
237.7
314.1
58.3
18.1
237.7
Central and South America ...........
Argentina ........................................
Bolivia .............................................
Brazil ...............................................
Chile ...............................................
Colombia ........................................
Cuba ...............................................
Ecuador ..........................................
Peru ................................................
Trinidad and Tobago ......................
Venezuela .......................................
Other 3 ............................................
109.9
2.6
.5
12.2
.2
1.5
.1
4.5
.4
.7
87.0
.2
104.8
2.7
.5
12.5
.0
1.5
.7
4.8
.4
.6
81.0
.2
261.8
15.8
26.5
12.3
3.5
4.3
2.5
NA
11.9
18.8
166.3
(s)
247.0
16.5
28.0
12.9
1.0
6.7
.8
.3
12.0
16.7
152.0
(s)
Europe 4 ...........................................
Austria ............................................
Croatia ............................................
Denmark .........................................
Germany .........................................
Hungary ..........................................
Italy .................................................
Netherlands ....................................
Norway ...........................................
Poland ............................................
Romania .........................................
Serbia .............................................
United Kingdom ..............................
Other 3 ............................................
14.3
.1
.1
1.2
.4
(s)
.4
.1
6.9
.1
.6
.1
3.6
.8
13.8
.1
.1
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.2
6.7
.2
.5
NR
3.6
.7
172.0
.6
1.0
2.5
9.0
.3
3.3
50.0
79.1
5.8
2.2
1.7
14.6
1.9
169.0
1.1
1.1
2.6
5.2
.6
3.0
48.8
81.7
4.7
4.2
NR
14.0
2.1
Eurasia 5 ..........................................
Azerbaijan .......................................
Kazakhstan .....................................
Russia ............................................
Turkmenistan ..................................
Ukraine ...........................................
Uzbekistan ......................................
Other 3 ............................................
98.9
7.0
30.0
60.0
.6
.4
.6
.3
126.0
NR
NR
76.0
NR
NR
NR
50.0
2,014.8
30.0
100.0
1,680.0
100.0
39.0
65.0
.8
2,104.0
NR
NR
1,654.0
NR
NR
NR
450.0
1178.6
2
Oil & Gas Journal
Region and Country
World Oil
Billion Barrels
Oil & Gas Journal
World Oil
Trillion Cubic Feet
Middle East .....................................
Bahrain ..........................................
Iran ................................................
Iraq ................................................
Kuwait 6..........................................
Oman ............................................
Qatar .............................................
Saudi Arabia 6................................
Syria ............................................
United Arab Emirates ...................
Yemen ..........................................
Other 3...........................................
748.3
.1
138.4
115.0
104.0
5.5
15.2
266.8
2.5
97.8
3.0
(s)
727.3
NR
137.0
126.0
99.4
5.7
20.0
264.8
2.9
68.1
2.7
.7
2,548.9
3.3
948.2
111.9
56.0
30.0
905.3
253.1
8.5
214.4
16.9
1.3
2,570.2
NR
985.0
91.0
66.3
32.0
903.2
254.0
12.1
196.3
16.8
13.6
Africa ..............................................
Algeria ...........................................
Angola ...........................................
Cameroon ......................................
Congo (Brazzaville) .......................
Egypt .............................................
Equatorial Guinea ..........................
Gabon ............................................
Libya ..............................................
Mozambique ..................................
Nigeria ...........................................
Sudan ............................................
Tunisia ...........................................
Other 3............................................
114.8
12.2
9.0
.2
1.6
3.7
1.1
2.0
41.5
.0
36.2
5.0
.4
1.9
114.7
11.9
9.5
NR
1.9
3.7
1.7
3.2
36.5
.0
37.2
6.7
.6
1.8
489.6
159.0
9.5
4.8
3.2
58.5
1.3
1.0
50.1
4.5
184.0
3.0
2.3
7.6
504.2
160.0
5.7
NR
4.1
68.5
3.4
2.5
52.8
.0
184.5
4.0
3.5
15.4
Asia and Oceania 4.........................
Australia .........................................
Bangladesh ....................................
Brunei ............................................
Burma ............................................
China .............................................
India ...............................................
Indonesia .......................................
Japan .............................................
Malaysia ........................................
New Zealand .................................
Pakistan ........................................
Papua New Guinea .......................
Thailand .........................................
Vietnam .........................................
Other 3...........................................
34.3
1.5
(s)
1.1
.1
16.0
5.6
4.4
(s)
4.0
.1
.3
.1
.5
.6
.2
40.0
4.2
NR
1.1
.2
18.1
4.0
4.5
NR
5.5
.1
.3
.2
.4
1.3
.2
415.4
30.0
5.0
13.8
10.0
80.0
38.0
93.9
.7
83.0
1.0
28.0
8.0
11.7
6.8
5.5
527.6
151.9
NR
11.0
15.0
61.8
31.8
92.0
NR
88.0
2.0
29.8
14.7
11.2
8.2
10.2
1,332.0
1,184.2
6,212.3
6,436.0
World ............................................
1 Comprises 5.4 billion barrels of conventional crude oil and condensate and 173.2 billion barrels of
bitumen in Alberta’s oil sands.
2 World Oil states the following about its Canadian crude oil reserves estimate: "conventional crude
reserves are 4.9 Bbbl [billion barrels]. Alberta’s estimates of established oil sands reserves of 174 Bbbl are
not proved; that would require at least 350 Tcf [trillion cubic feet] of gas delivered to northern Alberta,
and/or implementation of future technologies. Oil sands reserve estimate is based on 50 years times
current production capacity."
3 Includes data for those countries not separately reported.
4 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
5 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet
Natural Gas
Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
6 Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait
and Saudi Arabia.
NA=Not available. NR=Not separately reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion barrels.
Notes: • All reserve figures are proved reserves, except as noted. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Sources: United States: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural
Gas Liquids Reserves, 2007 Annual Report. All Other Data: PennWell Corporation, Oil & Gas Journal,
Vol. 105.48 (December 24, 2007) and Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil, Vol. 229, No.9 (September
2008).
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
313
Figure 11.5 World Crude Oil Production
World and OPEC, 1960-2008
OPEC’s Share of World, 1960-2008
Top Producing Countries, 1960-2008
14
75
80
50
40
25
OPEC
20
Million Barrels per Day
44% in
2008
World
60
Former U.S.S.R.
12
Percent
Million Barrels per Day
Peak: 53%
in 1973
10
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
8
6
Russia
4
Iran
2
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
1960
2000
1970
1980
1990
0
1960
2000
1970
1980
1990
2000
Top Producing Countries, 2008
10
9.4
9.3
Million Barrels per Day
8
6
5.0
4.0
4
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.2
2
1.4
0
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
United
States
Iran
China
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
314
Mexico
United
Arab
Emirates
Canada
Kuwait
Venezuela
Source: Table 11.5.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Iraq
Norway
Nigeria
United
Kingdom
Table 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2008
(Million Barrels per Day)
Selected OPEC 1 Producers
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Persian
Gulf
Nations 2
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait 3
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
5.27
5.65
6.19
6.82
7.61
8.37
9.32
9.91
10.91
11.95
13.39
15.77
17.54
20.67
21.28
18.93
21.51
21.73
20.61
21.07
17.96
15.25
12.16
11.08
10.78
9.63
11.70
12.10
13.46
14.84
15.28
14.74
15.97
16.71
16.96
17.21
17.37
18.10
19.34
18.67
19.89
19.10
17.79
19.06
20.79
21.50
21.23
R20.67
21.87
1.07
1.20
1.33
1.49
1.71
1.91
2.13
2.60
2.84
3.38
3.83
4.54
5.02
5.86
6.02
5.35
5.88
5.66
5.24
3.17
1.66
1.38
2.21
2.44
2.17
2.25
2.04
2.30
2.24
2.81
3.09
3.31
3.43
3.54
3.62
3.64
3.69
3.66
3.63
3.56
3.70
3.72
3.44
3.74
4.00
4.14
4.03
R3.91
4.03
0.97
1.01
1.01
1.16
1.26
1.32
1.39
1.23
1.50
1.52
1.55
1.69
1.47
2.02
1.97
2.26
2.42
2.35
2.56
3.48
2.51
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.21
1.43
1.69
2.08
2.69
2.90
2.04
.31
.43
.51
.55
.56
.58
1.16
2.15
2.51
2.57
2.39
2.02
1.31
2.01
1.88
2.00
2.09
2.36
1.69
1.74
1.96
2.10
2.30
2.36
2.48
2.50
2.61
2.77
2.99
3.20
3.28
3.02
2.55
2.08
2.15
1.97
2.13
2.50
1.66
1.13
.82
1.06
1.16
1.02
1.42
1.59
1.49
1.78
1.18
.19
1.06
1.85
2.03
2.06
2.06
2.01
2.09
1.90
2.08
2.00
1.89
2.14
2.38
2.53
2.54
2.46
2.59
0.02
.05
.07
.08
.12
.27
.42
.32
.14
.54
1.08
1.53
1.82
2.05
2.26
1.78
2.07
2.09
1.90
2.30
2.06
1.43
1.30
1.24
1.39
1.50
1.47
1.34
1.45
1.72
1.81
1.89
1.94
1.96
1.93
1.99
2.00
2.13
2.15
2.13
2.17
2.26
2.12
2.28
2.33
2.63
2.44
2.35
2.17
1.31
1.48
1.64
1.79
1.90
2.21
2.60
2.81
3.04
3.22
3.80
4.77
6.02
7.60
8.48
7.08
8.58
9.25
8.30
9.53
9.90
9.82
6.48
5.09
4.66
3.39
4.87
4.27
5.09
5.06
6.41
8.12
8.33
8.20
8.12
8.23
8.22
8.36
8.39
7.83
8.40
8.03
7.63
8.78
9.10
9.55
9.15
8.72
9.26
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers
United
Arab
Emirates Venezuela
0.00
.00
.01
.05
.19
.28
.36
.38
.50
.63
.78
1.06
1.20
1.53
1.68
1.66
1.94
2.00
1.83
1.83
1.71
1.47
1.25
1.15
1.15
1.19
1.33
1.54
1.57
1.86
2.12
2.39
2.27
2.16
2.19
2.23
2.28
2.32
2.35
2.17
2.37
2.21
2.08
2.35
2.48
2.54
2.64
2.60
2.68
2.85
2.92
3.20
3.25
3.39
3.47
3.37
3.54
3.60
3.59
3.71
3.55
3.22
3.37
2.98
2.35
2.29
2.24
2.17
2.36
2.17
2.10
1.90
1.80
1.80
1.68
1.79
1.75
1.90
1.91
2.14
2.38
2.37
2.45
2.59
2.75
2.94
3.28
3.17
2.83
3.16
3.01
2.60
2.34
2.56
2.56
2.51
2.43
2.39
Total
OPEC 4
R8.27
R8.93
R10.05
R11.07
R12.52
R13.86
R15.29
R16.29
R18.11
R20.11
R22.56
R24.41
R26.03
R29.66
R29.32
R25.79
R29.12
R29.58
R28.16
R29.35
R25.38
R21.22
R17.77
R16.57
R16.50
R15.37
R17.46
R17.71
R19.74
R21.40
R22.49
R22.48
R23.74
R24.46
R24.90
R25.54
R26.02
R27.29
R28.37
R27.22
R28.98
R28.16
R26.39
R27.98
R30.41
R31.87
R31.59
R31.21
32.47
1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries
are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,
2009.
2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
3 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and
Saudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels per day.
Notes: • Data are for crude oil, including extra heavy crude oil, lease condensate, and liquids processed
from Canadian oil sands; they exclude natural gas plant liquids. • Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Canada
China
0.52
.61
.67
.71
.75
.81
.88
.96
1.19
1.13
1.26
1.35
1.53
1.80
1.55
1.43
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.50
1.44
1.29
1.27
1.36
1.44
1.47
1.47
1.54
1.62
1.56
1.55
1.55
1.61
1.68
1.75
1.81
1.84
1.92
1.98
1.91
1.98
2.03
2.17
2.31
2.40
2.37
2.53
R2.62
2.59
0.10
.11
.12
.13
.18
.23
.29
.28
.30
.48
.60
.78
.90
1.09
1.32
1.49
1.67
1.87
2.08
2.12
2.11
2.01
2.05
2.12
2.30
2.51
2.62
2.69
2.73
2.76
2.77
2.84
2.85
2.89
2.94
2.99
3.13
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.39
3.41
3.49
3.61
3.67
3.73
3.79
Former
Mexico Norway U.S.S.R.
0.27
.29
.31
.31
.32
.32
.33
.36
.39
.46
.49
.49
.51
.47
.57
.71
.83
.98
1.21
1.46
1.94
2.31
2.75
2.69
2.78
2.75
2.44
2.55
2.51
2.52
2.55
2.68
2.67
2.67
2.69
2.62
2.86
3.02
3.07
2.91
3.01
3.13
3.18
3.37
3.38
3.33
3.26
3.08
2.79
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.01
.03
.03
.04
.19
.28
.28
.36
.40
.49
.47
.49
.61
.71
.77
.84
.98
1.11
1.48
1.63
1.87
2.13
2.28
2.57
2.77
3.09
3.14
3.01
3.02
3.22
3.23
3.13
3.04
2.95
2.70
2.49
2.27
2.18
2.91
3.28
3.67
4.07
4.60
4.79
5.23
5.68
6.08
6.48
6.99
7.48
7.89
8.32
8.91
9.52
10.06
10.60
11.11
11.38
11.71
11.85
11.91
11.97
11.86
11.59
11.90
12.05
12.05
11.72
10.98
9.99
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
Russia
United
Kingdom
United
States
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
7.63
6.73
6.14
6.00
5.85
5.92
5.85
6.08
6.48
6.92
7.41
8.13
8.80
9.04
9.25
9.44
9.36
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.01
.25
.77
1.08
1.57
1.62
1.81
2.07
2.29
2.48
2.53
2.54
2.41
2.23
1.80
1.82
1.80
1.83
1.92
2.37
2.49
2.57
2.52
2.62
2.68
2.28
2.28
2.29
2.09
1.85
1.65
1.49
1.50
1.39
7.04
7.18
7.33
7.54
7.61
7.80
8.30
8.81
9.10
9.24
9.64
9.46
9.44
9.21
8.77
8.37
8.13
8.24
8.71
8.55
8.60
8.57
8.65
8.69
8.88
8.97
8.68
8.35
8.14
7.61
7.36
7.42
7.17
6.85
6.66
6.56
6.46
6.45
6.25
5.88
5.82
5.80
5.75
5.68
5.42
5.18
5.10
R5.06
4.96
Total
Non-OPEC 4
R12.72
R13.52
R14.30
R15.06
R15.66
R16.47
R17.67
R19.11
R20.53
R21.59
R23.32
R24.10
R25.11
R26.02
R26.39
R27.04
R28.23
R30.12
R32.00
R33.32
R34.17
R34.83
R35.68
R36.69
R38.00
R38.60
R38.74
R38.92
R38.96
R38.40
R38.00
R37.71
R36.37
R35.71
R36.20
R36.85
R37.73
R38.45
R38.60
R38.70
R39.52
R39.94
R40.77
R41.45
R42.08
R41.87
R41.87
R41.80
41.31
World
20.99
22.45
24.35
26.13
28.18
30.33
32.96
35.39
38.63
41.70
45.89
48.52
51.14
55.68
55.72
52.83
57.34
59.71
60.16
62.67
59.56
56.05
53.45
53.26
54.50
53.97
56.20
56.63
58.69
59.79
60.49
60.19
60.12
60.17
61.10
62.38
63.75
65.74
66.97
65.92
68.49
68.10
R67.16
R69.43
R72.49
R73.74
R73.46
R73.01
73.78
Sources: Selected OPEC Producers: • 1960-1972—OPEC, Annual Statistical Bulletin 1979.
• 1973-1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual (IEA), annual reports,
and the International Energy Database. • 1980-2007—EIA, International Energy Database, April 24, 2009.
• 2008—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER) (April 2009), Table 11.1a. China: • 1960-1972—Central
Intelligence Agency, unpublished data. • 1973-1979—EIA, IEA, annual reports, and the International
Energy Database. • 1980-2007—EIA, International Energy Database, April 24, 2009. • 2008—EIA, MER
(April 2009), Table 11.1b. Former U.S.S.R.: • 1960-1969—U.S.S.R. Central Statistical Office, Narodnoye
Khozyaystvo SSSR (National Economy USSR). • 1970-1979—EIA, International Petroleum Monthly,
February 2001, Table 4.1c. • 1980-1991—EIA, International Energy Database, April 24, 2009. Russia:
• 1992-2007—EIA, International Energy Database, April 24, 2009. • 2008—EIA, MER (April 2009), Table
11.1b. United States: Table 5.1. All Other Data: • 1960-1969—Bureau of Mines, International
Petroleum Annual, 1969. • 1970-1972—EIA, International Petroleum Annual, 1978. • 1973-1979—EIA,
IEA, annual reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1980-2007—EIA, International Energy
Database, April 24, 2009. • 2008—EIA, MER (April 2009), Tables 11.1a and 11.1b.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
315
Figure 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production
Crude Oil and NGPL1 Production, 1973-2008
World and OPEC NGPL1 Production, 1973-2008
9
80
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
Crude Oil
60
40
11% of
Crude Oil
in 2008
20
6
World
39% of World
Total in 2008
3
OPEC
NGPL
1
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Top NGPL1 Producing Countries, 2008
2,000
Thousand Barrels per Day
1,781
1,500
1,434
1,000
682
500
422
365
357
356
275
256
228
153
143
0
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
Canada
Russia
Mexico
Algeria
1
Natural gas plant liquids.
Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate.
Exporting Countries.
316
United Arab
Emirates
Norway
Sources: Tables 11.5 and 11.6.
• OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Qatar
Venezuela
United
Kingdom
Kuwait
Table 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2008
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Selected OPEC 1 Producers
Year
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Algeria
9
12
20
24
19
25
30
36
49
58
56
105
120
120
140
120
130
130
140
140
145
140
145
150
160
155
190
230
250
270
280
292
295
310
342
357
Iran
40
45
45
45
40
45
10
9
9
9
8
10
10
15
20
20
27
35
50
50
55
55
60
60
70
75
75
75
80
86
95
105
102
123
124
126
Kuwait
60
50
50
50
55
75
95
95
60
40
55
67
54
75
95
100
105
65
0
34
53
85
95
85
109
115
115
115
120
125
124
130
130
130
139
143
2
Libya
Qatar
35
20
30
40
40
40
40
40
35
40
30
37
26
30
30
30
35
35
40
40
41
41
40
49
60
60
60
60
62
65
65
68
89
129
144
140
(s)
5
10
10
5
5
10
10
24
30
25
28
30
22
24
30
24
40
50
55
55
50
55
50
70
85
111
133
150
160
201
250
265
280
R250
256
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers
United
Saudi
Arab
2
Arabia
Emirates
90
130
140
185
215
250
303
369
433
430
330
355
375
385
418
499
503
620
680
713
704
951
961
968
982
1,020
1,010
1,008
1,051
1,095
1,220
1,310
1,460
1,427
R1,440
1,434
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
15
30
30
35
60
90
120
130
160
185
145
130
130
135
146
144
146
150
160
160
160
170
160
200
290
300
310
279
300
300
336
356
Venezuela
89
84
76
77
78
61
69
60
55
60
57
57
63
97
94
98
108
114
117
113
143
146
149
150
143
145
170
175
200
202
163
180
206
215
217
228
Total
OPEC 3
R324
347
R372
R432
R472
R538
R599
R664
R732
R764
R688
R796
R850
R941
R978
R1,049
R1,118
R1,206
R1,225
R1,292
R1,361
R1,641
R1,693
R1,696
R1,777
R1,844
R1,910
R2,014
R2,225
R2,326
R2,473
R2,634
R2,874
R2,955
R3,031
3,088
Australia
50
50
50
50
55
60
60
60
60
52
52
54
65
60
65
67
65
63
61
56
55
56
52
62
71
70
72
70
74
80
79
83
92
88
R84
76
1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries
are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,
2009.
2 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
3 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and
Saudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
Former
Canada Malaysia Mexico Norway U.S.S.R.
314
314
309
289
290
281
331
331
330
318
309
336
337
328
367
381
410
426
431
460
506
529
581
596
636
651
653
699
709
698
724
658
645
685
R728
682
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
9
11
11
11
12
12
13
17
17
20
20
50
90
85
65
70
75
80
80
94
90
88
91
75
80
80
95
105
115
150
193
241
255
265
257
271
352
338
370
384
428
457
454
459
461
447
423
388
424
439
438
433
408
418
442
426
427
396
365
(s)
(s)
5
20
20
35
40
42
37
39
46
45
51
66
71
83
84
86
84
85
95
123
137
141
139
127
120
124
188
203
222
234
271
286
285
275
170
190
205
220
235
255
270
285
300
315
330
340
350
440
430
450
425
425
420
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
United
Russia Kingdom
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
––
230
220
200
180
185
195
220
231
232
237
246
390
456
457
417
426
422
5
5
15
15
30
40
45
45
50
78
111
136
145
152
162
159
140
108
141
160
169
218
267
259
233
241
238
233
258
211
241
172
157
142
136
153
United
States
1,738
1,688
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
R1,783
1,781
Total
NonOPEC 3
2,461
R2,443
2,419
R2,435
R2,511
R2,542
R2,688
R2,782
R2,899
R2,868
R2,955
R3,082
R3,098
R3,222
R3,317
R3,440
R3,395
R3,434
R3,593
R3,555
R3,696
R3,821
R3,961
R4,078
R4,137
R4,218
R4,327
R4,451
R4,541
R4,551
R4,679
R4,759
R4,779
R4,839
R4,925
4,852
World
2,786
2,790
2,791
2,867
2,984
3,080
3,287
3,446
3,631
3,632
3,643
3,878
3,948
4,163
4,295
4,489
4,513
4,640
4,818
4,848
5,057
5,462
5,654
5,774
5,914
6,062
6,237
6,466
6,766
6,877
7,152
7,393
7,654
7,795
R7,956
7,940
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Sources: • 1973-1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual, annual
reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1980 forward—EIA, International Energy Database,
April 13, 2009.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
317
Figure 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type
Selected Types, 1970-2009
Nominal Dollars¹ per Barrel
120
100
80
60
Nigerian Bonny
Light
40
Indonesian
Minas
20
Saudi Arabian
Light
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Selected Types, 2009
Nominal Dollars¹ per Barrel
50
40
39.85
36.66
36.63
35.42
35.31
35.21
34.33
29.53
30
20
10
0
Nigerian Bonny
Light
37° API
1
Libyan Es Sider
37° API
Indonesian Minas
34° API
Venezuelan
Tia Juana Light
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Note: Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices
318
Iranian Light
34° API
Saudi Arabian
Light
34° API
United Kingdom
Brent Blend
38° API
Mexico Maya
22° API
are as of the first Friday in February. See “API” and “API Gravity” in Glossary.
Source: Table 11.7.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Table 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2009
(Nominal Dollars 1 per Barrel)
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Saudi Arabian
Light-34° API
Iranian
Light-34° API
Libyan 2
Es Sider-37° API
Nigerian 3
Bonny Light-37° API
Indonesian
Minas-34° API
Venezuelan
Tia Juana Light 4
Mexico
Maya-22° API
United Kingdom
Brent Blend-38° API
1.35
1.75
1.90
2.10
9.60
10.46
11.51
12.09
12.70
13.34
26.00
32.00
34.00
34.00
29.00
29.00
28.00
16.15
17.52
13.15
18.40
24.00
15.90
16.80
12.40
16.63
18.20
22.98
15.50
10.03
24.78
20.30
17.68
27.39
27.08
31.86
50.86
55.94
93.02
35.21
1.36
1.76
1.91
2.11
10.63
10.67
11.62
12.81
12.81
13.45
530.37
37.00
34.20
31.20
28.00
28.00
28.05
16.14
15.55
12.75
18.20
23.65
15.50
16.70
12.40
16.18
17.73
22.63
14.93
9.83
24.63
20.20
18.90
27.85
28.67
33.84
52.56
56.28
94.96
35.31
2.09
2.80
2.80
3.10
14.30
11.98
12.21
13.74
13.80
14.52
34.50
40.78
36.50
35.10
30.15
30.15
30.15
16.95
18.52
15.40
20.40
26.90
17.20
17.55
12.55
16.05
19.20
24.10
16.72
10.65
25.85
22.40
19.63
30.40
29.47
38.00
55.89
59.22
96.79
36.66
2.10
2.65
2.80
3.10
12.60
11.80
12.84
14.33
14.33
14.80
29.97
40.00
36.50
35.50
30.00
28.00
28.65
17.13
18.92
15.05
21.20
27.80
18.20
18.50
13.50
16.15
19.70
24.65
16.50
10.60
25.55
22.00
19.88
31.16
29.97
38.21
56.97
63.28
98.52
39.85
1.67
2.18
2.96
2.96
10.80
12.60
12.80
13.55
13.55
13.90
27.50
35.00
35.00
34.53
29.53
29.53
28.53
16.28
17.56
15.50
18.55
26.50
18.65
19.10
14.15
16.95
20.05
24.95
16.50
9.95
24.15
22.80
18.89
35.03
32.10
35.86
53.95
63.87
98.34
36.63
2.05
2.45
2.45
2.60
9.30
11.00
11.12
12.72
12.82
13.36
25.20
32.88
32.88
32.88
27.88
27.88
28.05
15.10
17.62
12.27
24.69
28.62
19.67
17.97
12.97
16.57
18.52
26.62
15.93
9.45
24.85
22.13
17.78
30.25
30.10
35.98
52.52
55.57
93.85
35.42
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
15.45
28.00
34.50
26.50
25.50
25.00
25.50
21.93
14.00
11.10
10.63
17.05
20.00
10.75
12.50
9.01
13.77
15.79
19.33
10.81
6.38
20.20
15.82
14.30
26.29
24.37
26.16
42.93
46.98
82.78
29.53
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
15.70
26.02
39.25
36.60
33.50
30.00
28.65
26.00
18.25
18.00
15.80
21.00
27.20
17.75
17.90
13.15
16.15
19.37
24.05
15.89
10.44
25.10
22.50
21.20
31.36
29.73
39.43
57.25
60.50
98.42
34.33
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
For 1974 and 1975, prices are for crude oil with 40° API. For 1980, prices include $4.72 in retroactive
charges and market premiums.
3 Beginning in 1977, prices include 2 cents per barrel harbor dues.
4 For 1970-1985, prices are for crude oil with 26° API. Beginning in 1986, prices are for crude oil with
31° API.
5 For 1980, price includes $1.87 market premiums and credit charges.
NA=Not available.
Notes: • Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices are as of
2
the first Friday in February. • Prices are based on official government-selling prices, netback values, or
spot market quotations. • Prices are usually free on board (f.o.b.) at the foreign port of lading. • See
Tables 5.18, 5.19, and 5.21 for other types of crude oil prices for the United States, such as domestic first
purchase prices, landed costs of crude oil imports, and refiner acquisition costs. • See "API" and "API
Gravity" in Glossary.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Sources: • 1970-1978—Petroleum and Energy Intelligence Weekly, Inc., Petroleum Intelligence
Weekly. • 1979 forward—Energy Information Administration, Weekly Petroleum Status Report.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
319
Figure 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2008
Regular Unleaded
9
Nominal Dollars¹ per Gallon
8
7.75
7
5.83
6
5.74
5
4.45
4
4.08
3.53
3.27
3.11
3
2.45
2
1
0
Germany
South Korea
Japan
Australia
Canada
Taiwan
United States
China
Mexico
Premium Unleaded2
9
Nominal Dollars¹ per Gallon
8
7.63
7.51
7.42
7
6.13
6
5
4.13
4
4.01
3.52
3
2
1
0
Italy
1
2
320
France
United Kingdom
See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.
Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States.
Spain
South Africa
Source: Table 11.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Thailand
United States
Table 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2008
(Nominal Dollars 1 per Gallon)
Premium Unleaded 2
Regular Unleaded
Year
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Australia
Canada
China
Germany
NA
1.96
1.89
1.73
1.84
1.95
2.12
2.05
1.63
1.72
1.94
1.71
1.76
2.19
2.72
3.23
3.54
3.85
4.45
1.87
1.92
1.73
1.57
1.45
1.53
1.61
1.62
1.38
1.52
1.86
1.72
R1.69
1.99
2.37
2.89
3.26
3.59
4.08
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.22
1.21
1.33
1.48
1.70
2.11
2.29
3.11
2.65
2.90
3.27
3.07
3.52
3.96
3.94
3.53
3.34
3.42
3.45
3.40
3.67
4.59
5.24
5.66
6.03
6.88
7.75
Japan
Mexico
South
Korea
Taiwan
United
States
3.16
3.46
1.00
1.30
1.50
1.56
1.48
1.11
1.25
1.47
1.49
1.79
2.01
2.20
2.24
2.04
2.03
2.22
2.31
2.40
2.45
2.05
2.49
2.65
2.88
2.87
2.94
3.18
3.34
3.04
3.80
4.18
3.76
3.84
R4.11
4.51
5.28
5.92
6.21
5.83
2.49
2.39
2.42
2.27
2.14
2.23
2.15
2.23
1.86
1.86
2.15
2.02
1.93
2.16
2.46
2.76
3.05
3.20
3.53
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.11
1.15
1.23
1.23
1.06
1.17
1.51
1.46
1.36
1.59
1.88
2.30
2.59
2.80
3.27
R3.58
R4.16
R4.36
4.43
R3.64
R3.26
R2.82
3.27
3.65
3.27
3.15
3.47
3.93
4.28
4.47
4.49
5.74
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: • Prices are those actually paid, i.e., net of rebates, and include transport costs and taxes which
are not refundable. Prices in national currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates
published by the International Monetary Fund. • Prices for all countries, except the United States, have
been converted from dollars per liter to dollars per gallon at 3.785412 liters per gallon. Comparisons
between prices and price trends in different countries require care. They are of limited validity because of
2
France
Italy
South
Africa
Spain
Thailand
United
Kingdom
United
States
3.63
3.45
4.59
4.50
4.53
3.68
3.70
4.00
4.39
4.07
3.84
3.87
3.77
3.57
3.74
4.53
R5.29
5.74
6.10
6.73
7.63
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.72
1.51
1.55
1.78
1.59
1.41
1.91
2.58
3.05
3.42
R3.64
4.13
NA
NA
3.50
3.01
2.99
3.24
3.32
3.01
2.80
2.82
2.86
2.73
2.90
3.49
4.09
4.49
4.84
5.36
6.13
NA
NA
1.35
1.26
1.21
1.25
1.49
1.27
1.09
1.22
1.38
1.33
1.35
1.52
1.76
2.25
2.76
3.20
4.01
2.82
3.01
3.06
2.84
2.99
3.21
3.34
3.83
4.06
4.29
4.58
4.13
4.16
4.70
5.56
5.97
6.36
7.13
7.42
1.35
1.32
1.32
1.30
1.31
1.34
1.41
1.42
1.25
1.36
1.69
1.66
1.56
1.78
2.07
2.49
2.81
3.03
3.52
R3.56
3.41
3.59
4.26
4.41
4.00
3.87
3.85
3.80
3.51
3.62
4.35
4.99
5.46
5.88
6.60
7.51
fluctuations in exchange rates, differences in product quality, marketing practices, market structures, and
the extent to which the standard categories of sales are representative of total national sales for a given
period.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.
Sources: • United States: Table 5.24. • All Other Data: International Energy Agency, Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development, Energy Prices & Taxes, Quarterly Statistics, First Quarter
2009, Part II, Section D, and Part III, Section B.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
321
Figure 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity
World, OECD, and Non-OECD, 1970-2008
Top Refining Countries, 1970-2008
100
20
53% of
World
in 2008
60
OECD¹
40
Non-OECD
Million Barrels per Day
Million Barrels per Day
United States
World
80
15
Former U.S.S.R.
10
Russia
Japan
5
20
China
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1970
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1.9
1.5
1.3
0.9
Mexico
Spain
Ukraine
Top Refining Countries, 2008
20
Million Barrels per Day
17.6
15
10
6.3
5.4
5
4.7
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
0
United
States
China
Russia
Japan
South
Korea
Germany
Italy
¹ Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.
Note: Capacity as of January 1.
322
Saudi
Arabia
Canada
France
Source: Table 11.9.
Energy Informa