Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Authorization for the Construction
of the Facility
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• To achieve an understanding of the authorization
process and the procedures for its implementation
in the licensing of construction of cyclotron
facilities.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• The main and specific elements to be included in an
application for Authorization
• Assessment of an application based on criteria
established by the legislation, by regulation or the
Regulatory Body.
• Establishment and use by the regulator of suitable
procedures for the consistent assessment of applications.
• Criteria for granting, renewing, amending and revoking a
license.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• Check
if all required information is provided. If any
necessary information is not found, the applicant must
complete the application.
• Technical
aspects such as ventilation, location and
functionality of safety systems are evaluated with
basis in the regulations, regulatory guidelines and
standards.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• The Authorization for Construction only authorizes the
construction of the facility.
• It
is limited to the engineering aspects of radiation
protection and does not include operating procedures
and emergency.
• The
radiation production should be strictly forbidden
(usually by a condition in the license).
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• In
the case of the construction of a large cyclotron
facility (eg proton cyclotron> 50 MeV), the impact of
installation in the environment must be assessed in
detail. In particular, the decommissioning costs must
be established.
• The
Regulatory Body may request the licensee to
ensure financial guarantees for the costs of the
decommissioning.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
•
In the case of the upgrade of the existing facility, e.g. when
the facility is already built and only cyclotron is being replaced
(and the new machine has technical characteristics similar to
the old one), going through the construction license phase is
not necessary. The Regulatory Body may choose to issue the
operating license.
• In the case when another beam line is being built, the
construction license is issued for that part of the facility only.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
•
The
•
At
original application refers to a specific condition of
authorization. Any changes in the original application must be
notified and approved by the Regulatory Body.
the end of construction, the
authorization for operation of the facility.
licensee
requests
• If necessary, the construction license may be renewed
before its expiration date.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Technical
assessment
Application
received
Superior officer
approves
the license
Yes
Yes
Complete
Complete
No
Request more
information
No
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Specific elements of an application:
 The applicant shall provide the following information:
Drawings, indicating scales
and dimensions, with the
construction and technical
details that will allow the
analysis of the shielding
and safety systems.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Area plan: The location of the facility with respect to nearby
occupied or potentially occupied areas
Plans of the facility:
• The distribution and function of
the facility premises and adjacent
premises.
• The location of the cyclotron, hot
cell and transfer lines.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Plans of the facility (cont.):
• The communication lines
between premises.
• Description
of
people
and
material flows.
• Areas classification.
• Description of the pressure levels of the areas.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Construction plans with axial and transverse views.
• Indication
of materials, thicknesses, ducts (electrical,
ventilation, including the chimney, cooling, and other gases) and
filter banks.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• Safety systems shall be designed so that, in case of failure,
safety is maintained, considering the criteria of redundancy,
independence and diversity.
• It is expected that the components that make these systems
have adequate reliability to the task to be developed in order to
minimize the risk of failure.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
 Door opening;
 Last person buttons;
 Transfer of irradiation product;
 High dose rates inside the bunker and in the
areas;
 Self-shielding opening;
 Discharges above the pre-established limit.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Emergency stop buttons;
Internal opening system of the door.
• Audible and visual alarms are used to
identify the stages of operation of the
cyclotron and associated systems and
prevent inadvertent access to some premises.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Access to the bunker
Opening of the hot cells
Preparation, beginning and progress of irradiation
Discharges to the environment
Exceed preestablished dose levels
Failures in the ventilation system
Transfer of produced materials.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• The radiological impact of the operation of the facility shall be
evaluated, considering the maximum expected production
values ​(workload) to demonstrate that the doses do not exceed
the authorized limits.
• This assessment considers all types of
effluents, liquid and gaseous.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• Must meet the basic design criteria and construction
applicable to any facility that handles open radioactive sources,
in order to protect workers and the public.
• The air moving in the direction of decreasing
probability of contamination due to the
overpressure (and that eventually could
transport radioactive material) must be directed
to the bank of filters of the air extraction
system.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• General recommendations on radiation safety procedures
associated with the ventilation system:
Establish criteria for replacement of the filters
Establish procedures for replacement of the filters
Establish procedures for hot cell assays
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• A document containing detailed shielding calculations must be
presented, including formulas, models, computer codes used
and annual workload, taking into account production,
maintenance and tests. For each area of the facility, the annual
doses received by the public and workers shall be evaluated.
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
• The calculations must include at least the following information:
 The maximum activity produced daily at the facility; the
neutrons and gamma rays dose at 1 m from the cyclotron, based
on the maximum number of operation hours (source term).
Authorization and Inspection of Cyclotron Facilities
 Distance from the source to the calculation points.
 Types of materials used in the barriers and their
densities (HVL / TVL);
 Occupancy factors;
 Description of the use of the areas;
 Dose rates produced at all points;
 Bibliography.