Unit VI : Learning
Test Review
Multiple Choice
1. C
2. A
11. D
3. C
12. A
4. A
13. A
5. A
6. E
7. D
8. D
9. E
10.B
14. C
15. C
FRQ #2
1 point: People who have an
external locus of control are more
likely to believe that they do not
have the power to control their own
destiny. Marin’s students could take
a survey to determine their locus of
control and discover and discuss
what areas in their lives they have
power to change.
FRQ #2 CONTINUED
 1 point: Self – control is the ability to
control impulses and delay short term
gratification for longer-term rewards.
Marin could help the students learn about
how to develop and strengthen their
willpower. Studies show that self-control
requires attention and energy. Marin
could help his students by educating them
about the importance of self-control
opportunities in order to practice how to
focus on and use their attention and
energy to control themselves.
FRQ #2 CONTINUED
 1 POINT: Martin is convinced that some
of his students have given up, which may
mean they are experiencing learned
helplessness. These students may be
convinced that no matter how hard they
try, their efforts will not lead to success.
The key to learned helplessness is a loss
of control, so Marin could find ways to
empower the students in the classroom,
such as having them plan a field trip or
allowing students to choose their own
topics for projects.
FRQ #2 continued
 1 point: Many students learned to
respond only to extrinsic motivators in
school. Marin could help theses students
by encouraging them to focus less on
extrinsic motivators, such as grades and
more on intrinsic motivation, such as inner
satisfaction and pride of accomplishment.
Perhaps Martin could give the students
extra time each week to work on a project
they enjoy for its own sake, rather than
one that is required by the curriculum.
FRQ#3
1 point: Thorndike described how
behaviors follow the law of effect:
Behaviors that are rewarded are
more likely to be repeated, and
those that are punished are less
likely to be repeated. Thorndike
would predict that somehow the
child’s crying had been rewarded in
the past.
FRQ #3 continued
1 point: Skinner described the
influence of the law of effect using
more specific terms: reinforcement
and punishment. In this situation,
Skinner would predict that the child
must have been reinforced in the
past for crying( possibly by the
removal of the peas, which would be
an example of negative
reinforcement)
FRQ #3 Continued
 1 point: Pavlov’s research investigated
how organisms are conditioned to respond
to neutral stimuli after they are paired
with stimuli that automatically cause
responses (unconditioned stimuli) In this
situation, Pavlov would investigate what
the neutral stimuli of peas might have
been paired with in the past. The peas
may have been paired with an
unconditioned stimulus, like a parent
yelling at the child for not eating, and this
might elicit the conditioned response of
crying.
FRQ #3 continued
1 point: Bandura researched
how humans learn behaviors
through observational learning
(modeling) Bandura would
predict that this child had
observed someone crying when
presented with peas, and the
child is imitating that behavior.
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