Name _______________________________
Period _____ Date _____________________
2017 Spring Semester Final Review
1. List the likely causes which will increase a predator population?
a. Abundance of prey (food)
b. Reduction in predatory population
c. Predator management
2. The guppy is a species of small freshwater fish. Scientists observed that the average
size of guppies in a pond decreased over a few years after a guppy predator was
introduced into the pond. What would explain the change in guppy size? Natural
selection
3. The animal Order Lagomorpha, which includes rabbits and hares, has white fur. In
what geographic areas would developing white fur in winter be an advantage for a
member of this order? Far north, where there is an abundance of snow
4. Multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile and obtain food from other
organisms probably belong to what kingdom? Animalia
5. In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that
provided both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea).
The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree
by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it. This relationship
is an example of … Mutualism
6. The medulla, part of the brain stem, reacts quickly to increased levels of CO2 in the
blood and stimulates a response from the … Respiratory System
7. Which system is responsible for producing enzymes that aid in breaking down
substances to be absorbed for the body’s growth and repair? Digestive System
8. What reaction is directly caused by muscle action? Extension of limbs
9. Which system of the body would be directly affected if a large number of T-cells
were attacked by a virus? Immune System
10. In the diagram, one cell creates and releases
chemicals that travel to a second cell and quickly
induce that cell into action. This diagram represents
part of the … Nervous System
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11. Hemoglobin carries oxygen to body cells. Which body system contains hemoglobin?
Circulatory System (or Cardiovascular System)
12. What is the most common threat to a host organism posed by an invading virus?
Destruction of cells, inability to reproduce
13. Compare and contrast cells and viruses?
 Defined
nucleus
 Organelles
 Complex
Genetic
material
 No defined
nucleus
 No
Organelles
 Simple
 Need host to
reproduce
14. Pelicans prevent serious wing damage by entering the water in
the manner shown above. Which two organ systems in the
pelican work together the most to accomplish this maneuver?
Nervous and muscular systems
15. People infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
have an increased risk of dying from secondary infections.
How does HIV increases the danger of secondary infections?
By destruction of helper T-cells
16. Viruses can be transmitted in a variety of ways. The virus that causes SARS (severe
acute respiratory syndrome) can be transmitted when an infected person coughs or
sneezes. What other viruses can be transmitted in this manner. Influenza, colds
17. What are the symptoms associated with bacterial infection? Increase in the number
of white blood cells, fever, chills, aches
18. Which organism lives in the human intestine and aids in the digestive process? E
Coli
19. Some antibiotics cause patients to exhibit digestive side effects. These side effects are
most often the result of … loss of bacteria in the digestive tract, killed by antibiotics
20. Many species of bacteria can be found in the human mouth. Explain the great variety
of bacteria in the mouth? The variety of foods eaten makes it a great environment
for bacteria to grow.
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21. Identify each of the labeled leaf structures and their
function.
a. Q = cuticle, leaf protection
b. R = spongy cell, allow air diffusion
c. S = palisade, where photosynthesis happens
d. T = stomata, gas exchange
22. What characteristics might help a plant species survive in
an area with limited sunlight? Large leaves to utilize the limited sunlight
23. This seed is best dispersed by … Wind
24. Some mesquite trees have deeper roots than any other plant in the
desert. How are deep roots an adaptation for survival in the desert?
Deeper to locate the limited water supplies
25. Name an adaptation most likely observed in plants growing along Galveston Bay?
Adapted to tolerate salt water
26. Cacti grow slowly compared to most other plants. The fact that cacti keep their
stomata closed for much of the day can help explain this growth characteristic. What
would best explain the advantage of keeping stomata closed during the day? Limits
the loss of water due to transpiration
27. A laboratory investigation included examining prepared slides of pond water.
Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or flagella were visible. These
organisms probably belong to which kingdom? Protista
28. Red marrow is the principal tissue that produces red blood cells in humans. In which
body system is red marrow found? Skeletal System
29. The kingdom Animalia includes …
a. invertebrates (amoeba, cnidaria, arthropod, mollusk, echinoderm),
vertebrates (mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians)
30. The organism shown is a unicellular heterotroph.
Which kingdom does it belong to? Protista
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31. The organism to the right most likely is a member of which kingdom?
Protista
32. Which body system is directly responsible for transporting nutrients to
cells throughout the body? Circulatory System
33. When a person is frightened by a wild animal, some organ systems
immediately become active, while others are suppressed. Which systems are likely to
be suppressed? Digestive System
34. How is the excretory system most likely to respond when an
animal is thirsty … Retaining body fluids
35. The diagram illustrates the parts of this flower. Which of these
parts are not directly involved in sexual reproduction? Sepal
and pedicel
36. Because chewing begins the breakdown of food before it is swallowed, digestion
starts in the mouth and throat. Which systems aid most in this early stage of
digestion? Muscular and skeletal systems
37. What does a virus need in order to multiply? Host cell
38. Identify each of the labeled leaf structures and their function.
a. Q = cuticle, leaf protection
b. R = vacuole, retain water
c. S = spongy cells, allow air diffusion
d. T = stomata, gas exchange
39. Some bacteria benefit mammals by helping with … Digestion
40. Streptococcus infection in a person’s throat can cause pain and fever. Streptococcus can
be controlled by antibiotics. Streptococcus is a … Bacteria
41. An Amoeba belongs to the Kingdom Protista. They are a
diverse group of mainly single-celled … Eukaryotes
42. What are the characteristics of mammals?
a. Hair
b. Mammary glands
c. Four-chambered hearts
43. What do Ciliates use for feeding and movement? Flagella
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44. In echinoderms (AKA, starfish), body parts usually occur in multiples of __________
and have ________ symmetry. Five, radial
45. Be able to read a cladogram, and determine the most organisms.
a. Mollusks, annelids, and arthropods are most related.
b. Deuterostome development came last
c. Multicellularity came first.
46. The ability of mammals to regulate their body heat from within is an example of …
Homeostasis
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