Exam Review Questions
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6.
Genetics
What type of cells does mitosis produce?
Name the phases of mitosis.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
Name two processes that create unique sex cells in meiosis.
How are recessive alleles different from dominant alleles?
Perform the following cross and state the resulting genotypic and phenotypic ratios for the F1 and F2
generations: TTRR x ttrr.
Evolution
7. Name the individual who sailed on the Beagle to the Galapagos Islands.
8. What is the book that Charles Darwin published after his time on the Beagle?
9. Define the term: allele frequency
10. What is the element that can be used for determining the age of a substance up to 30000 years old?
11. Provide three pieces of evidence for evolution.
Internal Systems
12. Name the components in the blood and their functions.
13. Describe the pathway of air into the lungs. Include all of the structures.
14. Name all of the structures that food goes through from the mouth to the anus.
15. Name three accessory organs to the digestive system and their functions.
16. Describe the structures that increase the surface area in each of the three systems we studied.
17. Name the parts of the heart.
Diversity of Life
18. Name the six kingdoms of life.
19. Why are viruses not considered to be living?
20. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
21. How do protists reproduce?
22. How does the vascular system contribute to the ability of a plant to grow tall?
23. Name the major phyla and classes of the animal kingdom.
Plants
24. Name the components of a vascular bundle.
25. Identify the picture below as a monocot or dicot root.
26. Identify the pictures below as monocot or dicot stems.
27. Identify the labelled parts.
28. Name the gas that enters the leaf and the gases that exit the leaf.
29. State 5 differences between monocots and dicots.
Answers:
Genetics
1. Somatic (body) cells
2. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
3. Mitosis and Meiosis Comparison
4. Crossing over and independent assortment
5. Recessive alleles are only expressed in the homozygous recessive form whereas dominant alleles are
expressed in the homozygous or heterozygous form.
6.
TR
Tr
tR
tr
TR
TTRR
TTRr
TtRR
TtRr
Tr
TTRr
TTrr
TrRr
Ttrr
tR
TtRR
TtRr
ttRR
ttRr
tr
TtRr
Ttrr
ttRr
ttrr
F1 phenotype: tall and round
F1 genotype: TtRr
F2 phenotypes: tall and round, tall and oval, short and round, short and oval
F2 genotypes: TTRR, ttRR, TTrr, ttrr, TtRr, TtRR, Ttrr, TTRr, ttRr
Evolution
7. Charles Darwin
8. On The Origin of Species
9. Allele frequency is the proportion of gene copies of a given allele in a population.
10. Carbon-14
11. Comparative Anatomy – the bone structure of many animals are the same e.g. bat and whale
Embryonic Development – the embryos of many animals develop the same way e.g. turtle, chicken,
human, salamander and pig
Comparative Biochemistry- the DNA and macromolecules that make up organisms are remarkably
similar if not exactly the same
Internal Systems
12. Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen White Blood Cells: defend the body from disease and infection
Platelets: aid in clotting Plasma: contains water, proteins and hormones
13. Nasal Passages, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
14. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
15. Liver– creates bile and detoxifies chemicals, Pancreas– creates insulin, digestive enzymes and
bicarbonate ions, Gall Bladder – stores bile
16. Digestive System – villi and microvilli increase the surface area to maximize absorption of nutrients
Circulatory System – the capillaries increase the surface area to maximize diffusion of materials into
and out of the capillaries
Respiratory System- the alveoli increase the surface area to maximize gas exchange
17. 1 aorta, 2 superior vena cava, 3 right pulmonary artery, 4 right pulmonary vein, 5 right atrium,
6 atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve), 7 right ventricle, 8 inferior vena cava, 9 left pulmonary
artery, 10 left pulmonary vein, 11 left atrium, 12 atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve), 13 semilunar
valve, 14 left ventricle
Diversity
18. Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
19. They only contain DNA or RNA. They cannot reproduce by themselves. They do not have their own
cells or metabolize energy.
20. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotes do.
21. Binary fission
22. The vascular system strengthens the plant and also allows the plant to grow tall because it can
transport nutrients all the way up the plant.
23. Phyla: arthropoda, worm, echinoderm, mollusca, cnidaria, porifera, chordata
Classes: pisces, aves, amphibia, reptilia, mammalia
Plants
24. Xylem and Phloem
25. Monocot Root
26. 1: Monocot 2: Dicot
27. e: epidermis, p: palisade mesophyll, v: vascular bundle, i: air space, s: stoma
28. Enter the leaf: carbon dioxide. Exit the leaf: oxygen and water vapour
29. 1) Monocots have 1 cotyledon; dicots have two
2) Monocots have fibrous roots and dicots have tap roots
3) Monocots have disorganized vascular bundles in the stem, while dicots are in a circle
4) Monocots have multiples of 3 flower parts; dicots have multiples of 4 or 5
5) Monocots’ leaves have parallel veins while dicots have branching veins