CARBON SEQUESTRATION LEADERSHIP FORUM
1st INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CSLF PROJECTS
29 September 2005 in Berlin, Germany
Project Coordinator: JAPAN
CO2 Separation from Pressurized Gas Stream
Development of Molecular Gate Membrane
for CO2 Capture
Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth
Shingo KAZAMA
CCS Cost Estimates：
Geological CO2 Sequestration
NEDO Report (Example in Japan)
CO2 Capture
Total
45 $/t-CO2
62 - 67 $/t-CO2
Percentage
70%
IEA Report (presented at 1st CSLF)
CO2 Capture
Total
15 – 40 $/t-CO2
17 – 45 $/t-CO2
90%
Cost reduction in CO2 capture is a key issue of success in
carbon sequestration !
Activities of CO2 Separation in RITE:
Absorption
MembraneAbsorption
Hybrid
Porous Hollow Fiber
Membrane
Membrane
Adsorption
Exhaust Gas：N2　CO2
CO2
Emission Heat Absorption
(exothermic)
(endothermic)
Membrane
Module
Vacuum
Absorbent
Material,
Processing
Separation
Process
System
Low
Temperature
Regeneration
Absorbent
Waste Heat
Utilization
Feed Gas：
CO2/N2
Hybrid
Membrane
Module
Cardo Polymer,
Dendrimer,
Zeolite
Nano-structure
Control,
Fiber
Pressure Swing Fabrication
Control
Zeolite,
Mesoporous
Silica
Surface
Modification
Design and Evaluation, Energy and Economy
URL: http://www.rite.or.jp/
Cardo Polyimide (Membrane Activity):
Polyimide Containing
Loop Shaped Moiety
Fluorene Moiety (RITE Cardo Polyimide)
1. Good Gas Permeability
2. Good Solubility
3.Good Thermal Stability
Excellent CO2/N2 Separation
Property
Asymmetric Membrane
Preparation
High Temperature Usage
Cardo Polyimide Asymmetric Hollow fiber:
SEM Image
Cross Section
100 micro meter
CO2 Separation Property of Hollow Fiber Membrane
Made from Br-type Cardo Polyimide(PMBP64(4Me)-Br)
CO2 Permeation
1 x 10-3 cm3(STP) cm-2 s-1 cmHg-1
Rate:
(=7.5 x 10-9 m3 m-2 s-1 Pa-1)
CO2/N2 Selectivity: 40
Measured at 25 ºC
Cost Estimates of
CO2 Separation & Liquefaction：
CO2 Source
Steel Works
CO2 Conc.
= 26.8%
Separation
Method
0.28
Membrane
(Cardo)
kwh/kg-CO2
Amine
(KS Solution)
Membrane
Coal Fired
(Cardo)
Power Station
CO2 Conc.
Amine
= 13.2%
(KS Solution)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Cost/ JPY/t-CO2
Electricity
Construction
Steam
Others
Membrane
Liquefaction
Amine Solution
Approaches to Cost Reduction:
Gas source
Membrane
Etc.
Plant
Vacuum Pump Elect.
& Blower Power
Construction
Atmospheric
Pressure
Gas Stream
Pressurized
Gas Stream
(IGCC Process
Gas)
Max. 75% Cut in Cost
0
25
50
75
Cost percentage / %
- Cost breakdown of membrane CO2 separation
100
Selectivity Required for IGCC Gas:
CO2/H2
Selectivity
After Membrane Separation
H2 Rich Flow CO2 Rich Flow
100
New Concept
Membrane
H2: 94%
CO2: 6%
H2:
4%
CO2: 96%
0.3
Polymeric Membrane
H2: 80%
CO2: 20%
H2: 55%
CO2: 45%
0.1
Ceramic Membrane
H2: 90%
CO2: 10%
H2: 38%
CO2: 72%
Feed gas: composition: CO2:40% and H2:60%
pressure: 4 MPa
CO2 Molecular Gate Membrane:
CO2
Feed
High
N2、H2etc.
Conventional Polymeric
Membrane：
CO2
N2
Pressure
Low
Permeate
CO2/N2 Selectivity: 35
Framework of this Project:
Project Coordinator: Japan
RITE
-Molecular Gate Materials & Membranes
-Module Development -System Analysis
Cooperative
Research
Meiji University
-Membrane Fabrication
Project Partner: USA
National Energy Technology Laboratory-DOE
-Module Testing (Modular CO2 Capture Facility)
The University of Texas at Austin
-Membrane Testing, Information Exchange
Schedule, Budget & Objective:
Duration/
Budget
1st Stage
2nd
Stage
(Planned)
Objectives
2003FY-2005FY
280 MJPY
2.5 M$
- CO2 molecular gate to
N2 at ambient pressure
-Test module preparation
- Module testing
2006FY-2010FY
660 MJPY
6.0 M$
- CO2 molecular gate to
H2 at high pressure
- Commercial scale module
- Bench testing
Synthesis and Chemical Structure
of Hydroxyl PAMAM Dendrimer :
H2N
O
O
HN
N
H
N
H2 N
NH2
O
H
N
O
NH2
Conventional
Polyamidoamine(PAMAM)
dendrimer
CO2
Permeability
3 x 10-9
O
O
HO HN
NH
N
H2N
HO
H2 N
N
H
N
CO2/H2
Selectivity
200
NH OH
N
O
H
N
O
OH
NH2
Novel hydroxyl modified
Polyamidoamine(PAMAM)
dendrimer
7 x 10-8
[ml cm/cm2 s cmHg]
CO2/N2
Selectivity
NH2
4000
In-situ Module Modification Method:
Coating
Solution
Reduced
Pressure
Hollow Fiber
Dilute
Hollow
Fiber
Coating
Material
Conc.
Gradient
Dense
Membrane
Module
Solution
Glue
Pump
Supporting
Substrate
Reduced
Pressure
Dendrimer Composite Membrane Module:
Pencil Module
800 mm, 3/8 inch
CO2 Permeance
8 x 10-10 m3/(m2 s Pa)
CO2/N2 Selectivity
400
Dendrimer: conventional PAMAM
Hollow
fiber
membrane
1 meter Module
1100 mm in length, 1 or 3 inch in diameter
CO2 Permeance
2 x 10-10 m3/(m2 s Pa)
Dendrimer: conventional PAMAM
CO2/N2 Selectivity
200
Concluding Remarks:
- Membrane application for CO2 capture from
pressurized gas stream is promising way of
reducing CO2 capture cost and energy.
- Novel hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimer shows
excellent CO2 permeability and selectivity over
N2 and H2.
- Dendrimer composite membrane has good CO2
separation performance.
- Molecular gate membrane will contribute to great
cost and energy reduction in CO2 capture.
Shingo Kazama
[email protected]