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What is a ‘balanced‘ diet ?
• A diet which matches the nutrient and
energy requirements of an animal
regardless of its life stage or lifestyle
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What are nutrients ?
• Nutrients are the components of food which
have a function in …..
Providing energy
Starting
and controlling
various processes,
e.g. vitamin C and immune system
iron and red blood cells
Providing material for
growth, repair, reproduction
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Nutrients include …..
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• The function of carbohydrate is ...
Energy
(eg for the brain, muscles)
Digestive health - fibre
increases dietary bulk, prevents constipation
fermented to produce short chain fatty acids
to feed the lining of the digestive tract
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Protein is required for …..
Tissue building and maintenance
e.g. hair, skin, organs, muscle,
antibodies, enzymes, hormones
Regulation of metabolism
e.g. insulin, thyroxin
Energy
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Quality depends upon …..
digestibility
Quantity of N
to make new AA’s
EAA profile
Highest quality
Eggs & milk
Contains right balance
of all EAA’s
Meat
(fish bird, mammal)
Vegetable / plant
Lowest quality
Lacking in some EAA’s
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Source of essential
fatty acids
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Skin & coat condtion
Concentrated
energy source
Palatability
Brain and retinal
development
Insulation and
protection of organs
Fat soluble
vitamins (A D E K) are stored in fat
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• Contains hydrogen and oxygen
• ESSENTIAL for normal function
• Function
– required for all body fluids
– carrier of vitamins (C, B)
– dissolves nutrients and transports
them around the body
– heat exchange
• Source - e.g. vegetables, meat
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• Inorganic elements (referred to collectively as Ash)
• divided into macrominerals eg calcium, phosphorous
microminerals (trace elements)
• In excess most are toxic
• Important for
– bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous
– body fluids, e.g. sodium and potassium
– components of many enzymes
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• Organic compounds which help to regulate body processes
– fat soluble e.g. A, D, E, K (generally stored in the body)
– water soluble e.g. B, C (excess generally excreted)
• Function:
– eyesight - vitamin A
– antioxidants - vitamin C and E
– skeleton - vitamin D
– metabolism - vitamin E
• Sources:
– cereal, fish oils, nuts, liver, fruit & vegetables
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What about energy ?
why is it so important ?
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Thanks
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What about energy requirement?
EI>EE
(gain weight)
EI<EE
(lose weight)
Energy intake has to match energy
requirement more closely than nutrients
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Energy content of food
1 gram of protein
equals 5.65kcal of energy
Energy
BUTTER
1 gram of fat
equals 9.4kcal of energy
1 gram of carbohydrate
equals 4.15kcal of energy
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Energy Needs
•
•
•
•
•
Body Size
Body composition
Degree of exercise
Physiological state and
Ambient temperature
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Designing balanced diets
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Criteria for a complete diet
in balance with
energy content
on the ‘plateau’
Each
nutrient
is ...
in balance with
other nutrients
in a useable form
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•
Adult cats needs 4 x and dogs 2 x the protein of an adult human
Human
Cat
Dog
• Kittens needs 10 x and puppies almost 3 x more protein than a
baby
Baby
Kitten
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Puppy
Thanks
Submitted by
Harshit Pandey
St. johns Public School
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If you also want to share your own or your kid’s
presentation(ppt) please send it on
[email protected]
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If you also want to share your own or your kid’s
presentation(ppt) please send it on
[email protected]
Copyright of www.makemegenius.com, for more videos ,visit us.
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