Design Study
Euron
b-beams:
R&D Challenges in FP7
P. Delahaye for b-beams
FP6 baseline scenario
Design Study
2.9 1018 n/year
18Ne: 1.1 1018n/year
6He:
TOP – DOWN APPROACH
6He: 2. 1013 /s
18Ne: 2. 1013/s
A year of exploitation: 107 s
Challenges
• Production (see also M. Hass)
• Ionization (T. Thuiller)
• Accelerator chain adaptation
(A. Lachaize, A. Chancé)
• Loss management
(CERN, GSI, CEA see E. Wildner)
Production
• FP6: pushing the limits of standard production
techniques
6He, 18Ne
produced at ISOLDE,
GANIL, Dubna, LLN, ISAC…
•Max: a few 108
Today no dedicated high intensity facilities
Production
• 6He
9Be(n,a)
Converter technology:
(J. Nolen, NPA 701 (2002) 312c)
T. Stora et al, EURISOL-TN03-25-2006-0003
•
•
•
CEA Saclay Optimized Geometry
N Thollieres et al. EURISOL-TN03-25-2006-0004
Preferred to direct irradiation (heat transfer and efficient cooling allows higher power)
6He production rate is ~2x1013 ions/s (dc) for ~200 kW on target
Use of a 4MW target is a priori possible
Production
•
18Ne
– 2GeV p on 100kW MgO target: factor 24 missing
– Low energy 3He beam on LiF target and on 16O
gaseous target, tests at LLN
– Multiple targets and cooling and accumulating
target
rings
FC
60 cm diameter
target MgO
2MW 3He beam (14.8MeV, 130mA)
1013 18Ne/sp beam
Ge detector
M. Loiselet and S. Mitrofanov,
LLN
Production
• FP7: studying a novel idea
Beam cooling with ionisation losses – C. Rubbia, A Ferrari, Y. Kadi and V.
Vlachoudis in NIM A, 568 (2006) 475
7Li
6Li
Gas inlet
Gas cell
7Li(d,p)8Li
6Li(3He,n)8B
ISOL or IGISOL extraction M.
Lindroos et al, NIC-IX
proceedings
BEAM
Extraction
See also: Development of FFAG accelerators and their applications for
intense secondary particle production, Y. Mori, NIM A562(2006)591
Production
• Inverse kinematics at Louvain La Neuve
Thierry Delbar,
LLN
Production
Courtesy
Thierry Delbar, LLN
Production and Ionization
• Collection and transfer to the ion source
– Li: surface ionization easy
• 1+ n+ (2+,3+) method
– Quick transfer, separation possible and even desired
– But: injection of light masses into ECR charge breeder difficult –
presently <~1% efficiency
• 0 n+ method difficult (no gas molecules easy to form)
– B: not produced at ISOL facilities yet
• 0 n+ method
– 2349K as melting point, 4200K as boiling point
– Transfer as molecule (for instance BF3 or BCl3)
• 1+ n+ method with the IGISOL technique
– But what space charge limit?
Loss management
• Decay losses and acceleration losses
– RCS: A. Lachaize, S. Trovati
– D.R.: E. Wildner, A. Chancé
• Collimation in the decay ring
– Momentum collimation (P. Delahaye, E. Wildner, S.
Hancock)
Bunch stacking
• S. Hancock and M. Benedikt, NIM A 550 (2005) 1–5
Distribution of the scraped ions
S. Hancock
Gain: one order of magnitude using the stacking process
Momentum collimation during the bunch compression
Momentum collimation
50% of 1013/s
75% of 4.3 1012/s
18Ne
6He
Momentum
collimation
Momentum
collimation
A. Fabich,
EURISOL town
meeting 2007
Arc
Arcs
Arc
Arc
Straight sections
injection
merging
merging
1.6MW in 0.3s
p-collimation
2.8MW in 0.3s
p-collimation
injection
Straight section
Collimation of « heavy » ions
18Ne
pencil beam impinging on a 12C jaw at grazing angles
Calculations with FLUKA
z
A,Z
18Ne
q
f
y
Graphite jaw
x
"FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code",
A. Fasso`, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, and P.R. Sala, CERN-2005-10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773
"The physics models of FLUKA: status and recent developments",
A. Fasso`, A. Ferrari, S. Roesler, P.R. Sala, G. Battistoni, F. Cerutti, E. Gadioli, M.V. Garzelli, F. Ballarini, A. Ottolenghi, A. Empl and J. Ranft, Computing in High
Energy and Nuclear Physics 2003 Conference (CHEP2003), La Jolla, CA, USA, March 24-28, 2003, (paper MOMT005), eConf C0303241 (2003), arXiv:hepph/0306267
Primary collimator
18Ne
5.104 incident
18Ne10+
0.1mrad
A,Z distribution
A: Z
10
20
6
20
18
18
10
5
3
10
16
16
14
p
10
4
14
12
12
10
10
3
8
8
10
6
4
10
2
6
10
10
4
2
2
0
02
0
02
10
46
81
01
2
1
10
10
+-5%
5
81
The whole range between A=2 and A=18!
3
6
46
10
10
2
10
10
01
2
Br/Br0
1
4
3
10 2
3
10
10
2
10
10
1
2
0
0.5
1
10
1
1
-0.004 -0.003 -0.002 -0.001
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
(COSZ)
-0.004
-0.002
0
0.002
0.004
COSY
Q (rad)
f (rad)
Angles peaked towards the forward direction!
1.5
2
2.5
ACCSIM - FLUKA studies
Arbitrary large emittance: +-10mrad, Br=Br0+-20%
ACCSIM
F. Jones, TRIUMF
Long range of secondary halo particles!!
First dipole
600m from the primary collimator
Coupling FLUKA and ACCSIM is necessary
Conclusions
• New candidates for beta-decaying particles
– Triggers new interesting challenges
• Production ring
• Release from targets!
• Ionization in ECR source!
• Among the few the solutions proposed (including 6He
and 18Ne) some look very attractive
• Decay losses more or less under control
• Collimation study will require dedicated efforts
– High power deposition
– Long range of secondary halo of particles
– FLUKA - ACCSIM coupling