CP Biology Chapter 7
Vocabulary Terms Chapter 7 Section 1: Life is Cellular (pg. 169-173)
Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory: All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living
things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
Nucleus: (nuclei – plural) Large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the
form of DNA
Eukaryote: Cells that contain one nucleus
Prokaryote: Cells that do not contain a nucleus
Vocabulary Terms Chapter 7 Section 2: Eukaryotic Cell Structure (pg. 174-181)
Organelle: little organs
Cytoplasm: the portion of the sell outside the nucleus
Nuclear Envelope: Surrounds the nucleus; composed of two membranes. It is dotted with nuclear pores that
allow material to move in and out of the nucleus.
Chromatin: Located in the nucleus, made of dna bound together by protein.
Chromosome: Chromatin condensed - Thread like structures that contain genetic information.
Nucleolus: Where ribosome assembly begins
Ribosome: small particles of RNA and protein found in the cytoplasm. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins
and other materials that are exported from the cell.
Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials form the endoplasmic reticulum
for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.
Lysosome: Small organelles filled with enzymes. Lysosomes breakdown/digest lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
Vacuole: Storage for the cell…Stores water, salts, proteins and carbs
Mitochondrion: organelle that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use.
Chloroplast: Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process
called photosynthesis.
Cytoskeleton: a network on protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape. Also, involved in
movement
Centriole: Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
Chapter 7 Section 3: (Pg. 182-189)
Vocabulary:
Cell Membrane - thin, flexible barrier
Cell Wall - strong supporting layer around the membrane
Lipid Bilayer - double layered sheet that makes up the membrane
Concentration - mass of solute and volume of solution
Diffusion - particles move from higher to lower concentration
Equilibrium - concentration of the solute is the same through out the system
Osmosis - water moving across the membrane
Isotonic - concentrations of sugar and water are the same on both sides of the membrane
Hypertonic - above strength, more concentrated sugar
Hypotonic - Below strength, less sugar
Facilitated Diffusion - glucose cannot diffuse across the membrane on its own, protein channels help to diffuse
Active Transport - cells move materials in opposite directions
Endocytosis - materials move into the cell through pockets in the cell membrane
Phagocytosis - cytoplasm surrounds a particle and packages it within a food vacuole
Pinocytosis - tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles in the
cell
Exocytosis - vacuole membrane surrounds the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of
the cell
7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life (pg. 190-193)
Cell Specialization – cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
Tissue – a group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Organ – Many groups of tissues working together to form an organ.
Organ System – a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.