RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1.
Name of the candidate and address
(in block letters)
MISS ANCY ALEXANDER
K. PANDYARAJAH BALLAL NURSING
INSTITUTE COLLEGE OF NURSING
SOMESHWAR ROAD, ULLAL
MANGALORE – 575 020.
2.
Name of the Institution
K. PANDYARAJAH BALLAL NURSING
INSTITUTE COLLEGE OF NURSING
ULLAL
MANGALORE
3.
Course of Study and Subject
M. Sc. NURSING
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
4.
Date of Admission to the Course
10-05-2010
5.
Title of the study
A
COMPARATIVE
STUDY
TO
ASSESS
THE
BEHAVIORAL
PROBLEMS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AMONG WORKING AND
NON–WORKING
MOTHERS
IN SELECTED PRE-SCHOOLS
MANGALORE
1
AT
6.
Brief resume of the intended work
Introduction
Children of today are the citizens of tomorrow. The prosperity of the nation depends
upon the health of its future citizens. Children with sound mind in sound body are essential
for the future development of the country1. The investment on our children in terms of
developing environment both physical and emotional is going to reap rich individuals in
future. As said by Karl Augustus Menninger “What is done to the children, they will do to
the society”2.
The child’s mind may vary in temperament, development
and behavior. The
American Academy of Pediatrics (2005) reports that it is very difficult to identify normal
and abnormal behavior3. It stresses that the mother’s reaction plays an important role in
moulding the behavior of the child. Different mothering styles may influence a child's
behavior and inadequate attention may result in abnormal behavior in children. Sometimes
such children show a wide variety of behavior which may even create problems to parents,
family members and society. It may be minor but produce anxiety to the parents, which may
be due to failure in adjustment to external environment2.
There is no more crucial period of life than the age up to six years. Preschool
behavior problems are now being recognized as clear indicator of difficulties that may
persist into later childhood and that may indicate family dysfunction. Screening is necessary
to detect developmental problems in preschool children4. Therefore behavioral problems
always require special attention.
6.1
Need for the study
Preschool period is one of rapid change in developmental, social, emotional,
cognitive and linguistic abilities. The child is progressively developing more autonomy. 4
Preschool children with early emergent behavior problems are likely to evince serious
behavior problems, social skill deficits and academic difficulties later in life5.
2
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Report (2008), states that
during the past two decades, there have been marked changes in inpatient services for
preschool children with emotional and behavioral problems. It indicates that an estimated
2.6% are receiving home services for
emotional and behavioral problems in the past 12
months in a hospital3.
A study was conducted on behavior problems among preschool children. Out of 200
Preschool children (aged 3-6 years), 44 (22%) had behavior problems. The prevalence was
higher among boys and more common in children from nuclear families and a lower socioeconomic status6.
It is also true that children are like wet cement; whatever falls on them make an
impression. Psychological problems in childhood may lead to limited functional capabilities
in adulthood. In today’s fast paced world, almost every mother will tell you that she has a
problem child on her hands. But this is really not the case – one has to face basic problems
and tensions while bringing up any child. But these problems are common to most parents
and are not necessarily symptomatic of a behavioral problem that requires psychological
counselling3.
In our daily life, we are meeting many of the working mother’s children with
behavioral problems. In our profession also
women would have less time at her disposal
we are facing these problems3.Working
for child care as compared to non working
women7. A comparative study on the impact of work by the mothers on child health was
conducted in Bhilai. They compared a sample of 200 working educated mother and their
408 children with 200 non-working mothers and their 440 children by observational
method. Results show that physical and mental health status showed a significant corelation with mother’s length of service, type of substitute childcare and type of mother’s
profession. Working mothers produced a significant nutritional and psychological impact on
the children8.
3
From the various literatures, it is clear that working status of mother does affect the
development of children which sometimes is manifested as behavioral problems. It is true
that in recent days, as the family structures differ such as nuclear family, which makes
mandatory for mothers work as home maker as well as in other sectors, in order to support
the family. This causes mothers to spend less time with children for care and concern .This
study intends to identify behavioral problems of preschool children of such mothers and to
compare with preschool children of non-working mothers. The implications of this study
will highlight the concerns working and non-working mothers need to consider to reduce
occurrence of behavioral problems among preschool children.
6.2
Review of literature
A study was conducted on behavioral problems among preschool children in Salem,
India. The findings of the study reveals that, the level of behavioral problems among 50
preschool children of employed mothers, 33 (66%) of them had moderate behavioral
problems and 17 (34%) of them had mild behavioral problems. Whereas among 50
preschool children of unemployed mothers, 11(22%) of them had moderate behavioral
problems and 39(78%) of them had mild behavioral problems. The study findings shows
that behavioral problems are found high among preschool children of employed mothers
than the preschool children of unemployed mothers.3
The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among 1488 primary school
children aged 5 to 11 years were studied in Karachi, Pakistan. Assessment of children’s
mental health was conducted using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The
results show that 34.4% parents rated children as falling under the “abnormal category” on
strength and difficulties questionnaire, 35.8% were reported by the teacher. The study
concluded that there is a gender difference in prevalence. Boys had higher estimates of
behavior / externalizing problems; where as emotional problems were more common
amongst females. The study concluded that if parents are employed, the prevalence of
behavior problems, were more in boys as well as girls9.
4
A study was conducted to analyze the effect of mother’s employment on cognitive
outcomes of her children. A panel of children aged 4 to 15 are analyzed to explore the effect
of maternal employment on a child’s mental health outcomes. Using ordinary least squares
and fixed effects estimates, it was found that mothers who spend more time at home have
children with fewer emotional problems, they scored lower behavioral problems index: they
are also less likely to be frequently unhappy or depressed. In addition, children with mothers
spending more time at home are less likely to hurt someone, stealing something, or skip
school10.
An epidemiological study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders was
conducted in urban and rural areas of Bangalore, India. The results indicated a prevalence
rate of 12.5 % among children aged less than 16 years. The psychiatric morbidity among
less than 3 year old children was 13.8 % with the most common diagnosis being breath
holding spells, pica, behavior disorder, expressive language disorder and mental retardation.
The prevalence rate of psychiatric morbidity in the 4-16 year old children was 12%.
Enuresis, specific phobia, hyperkinetic disorders, stuttering and oppositional defiant
disorder were the most frequent diagnosis. Assessment of felt treatment needs indicated that
only 37.5% of the families perceived that their children had any problem11.
A study was conducted on supporting system and certain behavioral problems in
preschool children in Malappuram district in Kerala. It was conducted on a sample of 100
pre-school children of the age group of above four years, i.e. UKG students belonging to the
different types of preschools. Comparison of behavior problems of boys and girls revealed
no significant difference in between the two groups. The results favour the children of highsocio economic status with less behavior problems whereas the children of low –socio
economic status were found to have the highest extent of behavior problems. Preschool
children of non –working mothers were found to have more behavior problems than their
counter part12.
6.3
Statement of the problem
“A comparative study to assess the behavioral problems of preschool children
among working and non- working mothers in selected pre-schools at Mangalore.”
5
6.4
Objectives of the study
The objectives of the study are to:
1.
assess the behavioral problems of preschool children among working mothers.
2.
assess the behavioral problems of preschool children among non-working mothers.
3.
compare the behavioral problems of preschool children between working and non
working mothers.
4.
find out the association between behavioral problems of preschool children with
selected demographic variables.
6.5
Operational definitions
1.
Behavioral problems: Behavioral
problems refer to disorders that represent
significant deviation from the normal behavior as expressed by mothers to a rating
scale on behavioral problems of preschool children, which will be categorized into
habit problem, problems of eating, sleep problems, speech problems, scholastic
problems, sexual problems, personality problems and anti social problems.
2.
Preschool children: In this study, the preschool children refer to the children in the
age group of 3-6 years.
3.
Working mothers: In this study working mother refers to women working in
private or public sectors, who work for about 6-8 hours a day to support family
income.
4.
Non-working mothers: In this study non-working mother refers to those women
managing household activities and not involved by any external sector for an
employment to support their family.
6
6.6
Assumptions
The study assumes that:
1.
The children of working mothers will have behavioral problems.
2.
Working mothers will spend less time towards the care of their children. There will
be some difference in the
occurrence of behavioral problems among children of
working and non-working mothers.
3.
Levels of behavioral problems vary from child to child.
4.
Behavioral problems can be assessed by expressed opinions of mothers using a
rating scale.
6.7
Delimitations
The study will be delimited to:
1.
Mother’s expressed views to the rating scale on behavioral problems of their child.
2.
Mother’s working in Mangalore.
3.
Working and non working mothers whose children are attending preschool.
4.
The data collection period of four weeks.
5.
Urban areas of Ullal, Mangalore.
7
6.8
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance.
H1:
There will be significant difference in the level of behavioral problems of preschool
children among working and non- working mothers.
H2:
There will be significant association between the level of behavioral problems of
preschool children among working and non working mothers and their selected
demographic variables.
7.
Material and methods
7.1
Source of data
Data will be collected from the working and non-working mothers of preschool
children.
7.1.1 Research design
The descriptive comparative research design is adopted for this study.
7.1.2 Setting
The study will be conducted in selected pre schools at urban areas of Ullal,
Mangalore.
7.1.3 Population
The population for the study will include approximately sixty working and sixty
non-working mothers of preschool children in selected pre-schools at Mangalore.
8
7.2
Methods of data collection
7.2.1 Sampling procedure
The purposive sampling technique will be used.
7.2.2 Sample size
A sample of 30 working and 30 non-working mothers of pre-school children will be
selected for study.
7.2.3 Inclusion criteria for sampling
Mothers:

Having children in the age- group of 3-6years.

Who are able to communicate in Kannada.

Who are available at the time of data collection procedure.

Who are willing to participate in the study.
7.2.4 Exclusion criteria for sampling

The mothers of children who are ill during the time of data collection.

The mothers who are working on part time basis.

Single parents (mothers).
7.2.5 Instruments intended to be used

A structured interview schedule to assess demographic proforma.

Behavioral problems assessment rating scale.
9
7.2.6 Data collection method

The researcher will get the permission from the concerned authority. The purpose of
the study will be explained to all selected mothers of pre-school children and
informed consent will be obtained from them.

A structured interview schedule will be used to obtain demographic proforma.

Mothers will be administered a rating scale to identify the extent of behavioral
problems in their children.
7.2.7 Plan for data analysis
Collected data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Demographic variables will be assessed using frequency and percentage. Behavioral
problems will be analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Chi-square analyses will be
done to associate the level of behavioral problems with their selected demographic variables
of the samples.
7.3
Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on
patients, or other animals? If so please describe briefly.
No, the study does not require any investigations on patients, or other animals.
7.4
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
The synopsis is approved by ethical committee of the institution.
10
8.
References
1.
Vijayalakshmi K, Kumar CV, Rajamanickam H, Cherian A. Child rearing practices
and psychological problems in children. Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal
2007 Apr;3(2):49-51.
2.
Parol Datta. Pediatric Nursing. 2nd edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd.2009:1,186-192.
3.
Anitha J, Jayasudha A, Kalaiselvi. Behavioral problems among preschool children.
Nightingale Nursing times.2010 July; 6(4):33-36.
4.
Perera H, Gunatunge C. Screening for mental health problems in urban preschool
children- a pilot study. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 2004; 33 (2):39-42.
5.
Huaqing C, Kaiser, Ann P. Behavior problems of preschool children from low
income families. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 2003 Dec; 23(4):188216.
6.
Rai S, Malik SC, Sharma D. Behavior problems among preschool children. Indian
Paediatrics 1993 Apr; 30(4):475-8.
7.
Sharma R, Dharmawat M. Behavioral adjustment of pre adolescent children of
working and non-working mothers. Indian Journal Social Science Researches 2009
Mar; 6(1):118-21.
8.
Tamer SK, Mehta PK, Warey P, Tamer U, Swarnkar JS. A study on working
educated mothers and it impact on child health. Indian Journal of Paediatrics 1998
Nov; 53(5):657-63.
9.
Syed EU, Hussein SA, Haidry SE. Prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems
among primary school children in Karachi, Pakistan multi informant survey. Indian
Journal of Paediatrics 2009 Jun; 76(6):623-7.
10.
Mukherjee S. The impact of maternal employment on child’s mental health:
Evidence from NSLY-Child [online]. 2009 Sep. [updated Sep 2009; cited
Sep 23]. Available from: URL:
11
2009
http://artsci.wustl.edu/~econgr/gradconference/Papers/Mukherjee_MaternalEmp.pdf.
11.
Sobha G, Girimaji G, Seshadri S, Subbakrishna DK, Bhola P. Epidemiological
study of child & adolescent psychiatric disorders in urban & rural areas of
Bangalore, India. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2005 Jul; 122(1):67-79.
12.
Kuruvilla M. Supporting systems and certain behaviour problems of pre school
children in Malappuram district [Internet].2002 [updated Aug 2002; cited 2008
Aug]. Available from: URL:http://krpcds.org/report/ushap.pdf.
12
9.
Signature of the candidate
10.
Remarks of the guide
11.
Name and designation of (in block letters)
11.2 Guide
The study is feasible and need based. It has lot of
practical implications to be considered in modern
changing world.
PROF. (MRS.) ASHA P. SHETTY
PRINCIPAL
KPBNI CON, ULLAL
MANGALORE.
11.2 Signature
11.3 Co-guide (if any)
MR. PRAVEEN V BAGALI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
KPBNI CON, ULLAL
MANGALORE.
11.4 Signature
12
12.1 Head of the department
PROF. (MRS.) ASHA P. SHETTY
PRINCIPAL
KPBNI CON, ULLAL
MANGALORE.
12.2 Signature
13.
13.1
Remarks of the Chairman and Principal
13.2
Signature
13