Western Civilization HISTR 102
Topic 10.1 – The Age of Industrialization, Conservative Restoration -- and Its Discontents
Topic 10.2 – Politics and Culture of the Nation-State
Hunt, Chapters 21 & 22
Short Answer Questions
*Directions – After reading each of your assigned reading packets and your textbook from this topic, provide
a short answer using details from your reading. Answer the questions with the following in mind:
 You answers should be 1-2 fully developed paragraphs.
 Your short answer should begin with a THESIS statement that summarizes your answer to the
question.
 You should use at least one short quote attributed to the source to which you are
responding. (EX: Colton and Palmer said, ‘quote quote quote, quote quote.”)
 Your short answer should contain numerous, SPECIFIC examples from the reading assignment.
 You should include a discussion of the source’s thesis or its impact and importance.
 You should conclude your response with a closing statement.

Submit your responses as a PDF or Word Document to Moodle
The Rise of New Ideologies in the Nineteenth Century
1. Compare and contrast TWO of the new ideologies of the Nineteenth century. Who were the major
proponents of each ideology? In which books (if any) did they describe these ideologies? What were the
inspirations for and major premises of each of the ideologies you’ve chosen?
Downs, Books that Changed the World, Thomas Malthus
1. Summarize Malthus’ theories about population growth and positive checks. Malthus has been highly
criticized for his theories; what do you think about his theories about population?
Downs, Books that Changed the World, Karl Marx & Karl Marx Euro Spark Notes
1. Summarize Marxist theories. Given the time period, argue whether Marx was correct in his ideas, or argue
the flaws of his theory.
Steves and Oppenshaw – Art in the Age of Nationalism
1. Discuss the ways in which art in the age of nationalism was reflective of the changes taking place in
European society, and discuss ONE work of art in particular as an example.
Downs, Books that Changed the World, Charles Darwin
1. Julian Huxley wrote, “Darwin’s work . . . put the world of live into the domain of natural law.” Discuss the
ways in which Darwin’s theories did this, and how did Europeans receive his theories in the 19th century?
Hunt Chapter 21 Review/Focus Questions – Answer TWO of the following
1. How did the Industrial Revolution create new social and political conflicts?
2. What dangers id the Industrial Revolution pose to both urban and rural life?
3. In which areas did reformers trying to address the social problems crated by industrialization and
urbanization succeed, and in which did they fail?
4. Why did ideologies have such a powerful appeal in the 1830s and 1840s?
5. Why did the revolutions of 1848 fail?
6. Which of the ideologies of this period had the greatest impact on political events? How can you explain
this?
7. In what ways might industrialization be considered a force for peaceful change rather than a revolution?
(Hint: Think about the situation in Great Britain)
8. In what ways did the revolutions of 1848 repeat the elements of the French revolutions in 1789 and 1830,
and in what ways did they break with those precedents?
9. Neither Great Britain nor Russia had a revolution in 1848. How is the absence of revolution in those two
countries related to their history in the preceding decades?
Hunt Chapter 22 Review/Focus Questions – Answer TWO of the following
1. How did the creation and strengthening of nation-states change European politics, society, and culture in
the mid-nineteenth century?
2. What were the main results of the Crimean War?
3. What role did warfare play in the various nineteenth-century nation-building efforts?
4. How did Europe’s expanding nation-states attempt to impose social order within and beyond Europe, and
what resistance did they face?
5. How did cultural expression and scientific and social thought help produce the hard-headed and realistic
values of the mid-nineteenth century?
6. What were the main methods of nation building in the mid-nineteenth century, and how did they differ
from those of state building in the early modern period?
7. How did realism in social thought break with Enlightenment values?
8. In what ways did religion emerge as an issue (both within and outside Europe) during the course of nation
building?
9. How was the Paris Commune related to earlier revolutions in France? How did it differ from them? How
was it related to nation building?