Making the most
of feed resources
Can full fat soy
assist with
high oil costs?
Tim Walker & David Creswell
Consultants
Sydney, Australia
Full Fat Soy

All Asian feed producers are aware of the high cost
of feed oils, having reached over $1000/mt some
two years ago, and remaining at these levels. They
show no signs of any significant decline

There are a number of strategies that may be used
to counter the high cost of oils.

One is the use of full fat soybean meal

Full fat soy is produced in a number of Asian
countries, with varying levels of quality (see Ng
Liew Ee, 2009)
Full Fat Soy

When feed oil prices were lower, use of full fat soy
was often not economic. In the current situation of
high oil prices, this should be reviewed in each
country

This paper is an examination of the economics of
using full fat soy in two specific Asian markets,
Malaysia and Thailand

These are both markets where good quality full fat
soy meals are produced and are available
Full Fat Soy

As palm oil is the common oil used in several
Asian countries, the cost and energy levels of
this oil needs to be included in this review

Palm oil is the major feed oil used in Malaysia
and Thailand

Palm oil is used either as CPO (Crude Palm
Oil) or as palmolein

Energy levels of these oils, based on the
Wiseman equation and as discussed by Walker
(2012) are shown in next slide
Energy values of palm oils
kcal/kg ME, as fed
Type of oil /
age of chicken
Young
(to 16 d)
Older
(over 16 d)
CPO
6,740
7,870
Palmolein
7,070
8,050
Formulation Examples

Formulation examples are shown for Malaysia and
Thailand, using actual ingredient prices current for
April 2012, and using specs of the actual full fat soy
meals that are available in those countries

In the case of Malaysia, the product is a dehulled
full fat soy, produced by expansion, while in
Thailand it is a non-dehulled full fat soy, produced
by extrusion

These two meals have previously been compared
in a replicated and published broiler trial (Creswell
and Takawan Sooksridang, 2009)
Formulation Examples

Prices are shown in local currencies, with
conversion to USD of
MYR 3.10 and THB 31.0 respectively

Firstly, the nutrient specs of the two full fat meals
are shown in the next slide

Note the differences, particularly the higher oil,
lower fibre and higher energy level of the
Malaysian meal

These nutrient specifications were derived from
NIR assays of digestible amino acids and energy
with assistance from Adisseo
Nutrient specifications for Malaysian
and Thailand full fat soy meals
Nutrient
ME, kcal/kg
Protein, %
SID, %
Lysine
Methionine
M+C
Tryptophan
Threonine
Arginine
Isoleucine
Valine
Calcium, %
Available P, %
Sodium, %
Choline, ppm
Crude fibre, %
Oil, %
Ash, %
1
Malaysia1
4,000
36.0
Thailand2
3,600
37.0
2.323
0.484
0.947
0.508
1.386
2.772
1.818
1.986
0.24
0.17
0.02
2600
3.5
20.0
5.0
2.160
0.464
0.903
0.489
1.275
2.604
1.691
1.848
0.25
0.17
0.02
2600
5.0
18.0
5.0
Soon Soon 2 Thanakorn
Formulation Examples


Broiler starter and grower diets were formulated
to least cost. Nutrient specifications used for
these diets can be seen in tables that follow
�
SID (Standardised Ileal Digestible) lysine:
 Starter
1.20%
 Grower
1.10%
�
Energy levels
 Starter
3,050 kcal/kg ME
 Grower
3,100 kcal/kg ME
Note corn ME value of 3,250 kcal/kg used
Formulation Examples

By way of explanation, (Australian) wheat was
available in both Malaysia and Thailand during the
first 6 months of 2012, and a xylanase enzyme
was included in the diets because of this

The nutritional effects of the xylanase have been
placed on the wheat spec

An E coli derived phytase has been included at
500 FTU/kg feed, with matrix values for ME,
calcium, available phosphorus and amino acids as
recommended by the manufacturer
Broiler formulations for Malaysia
Ingredient
Oil offered
Corn
Wheat 11 (xylanase)
Sbm Argentine
Full fat soy (SS)
Palm Oil 1 1
Palm Oil 2 2
Limestone
MDCP 21
Salt
Sodium bicarbonate
L Lysine HCL
DL Methionine
L Threonine
Choline chloride 60
Vitamins
Coccidiostat
Growth Promotant
Xylanase
Phytase 5000
Total, kg
Cost, MYR/mt
Difference, MYR/mt
Price, MYR/mt
Starter 1
Full Fat Soy
Grower 1
Full Fat Soy
332.27
300
289
46
0
0
12.4
5.6
3.1
2.0
2.5
2.13
0.3
1.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
Starter 2
Crude Palm
Oil
301.75
300
343
0
23
0
12.3
5.5
3.2
2.0
2.3
2.05
0.2
1.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
369.23
300
227
78
0
0
10.5
3.1
1.6
2.0
2.1
2.07
0.4
0.3
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
Grower 2
Crude Palm
Oil
347.27
300
300
0
0
27
10.5
3.0
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.03
0.4
0.3
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
1000
950
1550
2130
3600
3600
225
2480
230
1620
7000
11000
9060
3750
7000
6000
8000
45000
35000
1000
1264.23
-
1000
1298.80
+ 34.57
1000
1261.10
-
1000
1283.36
+22.26
Palm Oil 1 1, chickens up to 16 days, Palm Oil 2 2, chickens over 16 days of age
Broiler formulations for Malaysia
Ingredient
Oil offered
Cost, MYR/mt
Difference, MYR/mt
Nutrient
minimums
ME
Protein (actual)
SID
Lysine
Methionine
M+C
Tryptophan
Threonine
Arginine
Isoleucine
Valine
Calcium
Available P
Sodium
Choline
Starter 1
Full Fat Soy
1264.23
-
Starter 2
Crude Palm
Oil
1298.80
+ 34.57
Grower 1
Full Fat Soy
1261.10
-
3050
(21.4)
3100
(20.0)
1.20
0.444
0.84
0.192
0.744
1.260
0.780
0.924
0.84
0.40
0.24
1850
1.10
0.418
0.803
0.187
0.704
1.188
0.737
0.858
0.720
0.34
0.18
1450
Grower 2
Crude Palm
Oil
1283.36
+22.26
Broiler formulations for Thailand
Ingredient
Oil offered
Corn
Wheat 11 (xylanase)
Sbm Thailand
Full fat soy (T)
Palm Oil 1
Palm oil 2
Limestone
MDCP 21
Salt
Sodium bicarbonate
L Lysine HCL
DL Methionine
L Threonine
Choline chloride 60
Vitamins
Coccidiostat
Growth Promotant
Xylanase
Phytase 5000
Total, kg
Cost, THB/mt
Difference, THB/mt
Price, THB/mt
Starter
Full Fat Soy
10000
9500
16200
20400
32000
32000
900
25200
2200
5000
80000
108500
120000
36000
266000
180000
100000
500000
400000
340.75
300
244
82
0
0
12.5
5.7
3.1
2.0
2.5
2.25
0.4
1.1
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.10
1000
13,398.53
-
Starter
Crude Palm
Oil
316.48
300
324
0
27.0
0
12.4
5.6
3.2
2.0
2.2
2.14
0.2
1.1
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
1000
13,580.51
+ 181.98
Grower
Full Fat Soy
378.85
300
210
85
0
0
10.6
3.1
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.15
0.5
0.3
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
1000
13,167.75
-
Grower
Crude Palm
Oil
374.00
300
281
0
0
19
10.5
3.1
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.1
0.4
0.4
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
1000
13,129.54
+38.21
Broiler formulations for Thailand
Ingredient
Oil offered
Cost, THB/mt
Difference,
THB/mt
Nutrient
minimums
ME
Protein (actual)
SID
Lysine
Methionine
M+C
Tryptophan
Threonine
Arginine
Isoleucine
Valine
Calcium
Available P
Sodium
Choline
Starter
Full Fat
Soy
13,398.53
-
Starter
Crude
Palm Oil
13,580.51
+ 181.98
Grower
Full Fat
Soy
13,167.75
-
3050
(21.2)
3100
(19.7)
1.20
0.444
0.84
0.192
0.744
1.260
0.780
0.924
0.84
0.40
0.24
1850
1.10
0.418
0.803
0.187
0.704
1.188
0.737
0.858
0.720
0.34
0.18
1450
Grower
Crude
Palm Oil
13,129.54
+38.21
Discussion

The Malaysian full fat soy was economic in both
starter and grower diets. In the starter, use of this
meal reduced feed cost by MYR 34.57/mt and
grower by MYR 22.26/mt

The reason for greater cost reduction in starter is
the lower energy level of palm oil in the young
chicken

This means the cost of energy is higher in the
starter period

It is therefore economic to use full fat soy in
all Malaysian broiler diets in this situation
Discussion

In the Thailand example, we see a similar
situation to Malaysia

Using full fat soy reduced cost of starter by
THB 181.98/mt, and cost of grower by THB
38.21/mt

Again this difference is due to the lower energy
of palm oil for the young chicken

A conclusion in this situation is that it would
be economic to use full fat soy in all broiler
diets, but that the major savings will be in the
starter diet
Conclusions

When feed oil prices are high, as at present, full fat
soy has potential to be economic in broiler diets, and
thereby reduce feed costs

When the feed oils available are highly saturated,
and have lower energy for the young chicken, full fat
soy may be very economic for starter, but less
economic for grower and finisher
�

Saturated oils would be palm oil or animal tallow
If unsaturated oils such as soy, canola, sunflower or
rice bran oil are available, then the economics of full
fat soy is likely to be quite similar for all broiler diets
Conclusions

In fact, as these unsaturated oils have much
higher ME values, full fat soy may not be
economic at all in these situations. Economics will
depend on cost of unsaturated oils vs full fat soy

Not all markets have high quality full fat soy meal

However both Thailand and Malaysia do

Where good quality full fat soy meals are
available, their economics should be assessed
through formulation exercises
Conclusions

In all countries where full fat soy is produced, the
quality of the meals should be evaluated carefully

Full fat soy is produced and available in Malaysia,
Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Philippines and India

We suggest that for each country that has full fat
soy available, the type of formulation exercise
shown here be conducted to assess the economics
of full fat soy

This should be compared against whatever feed oil
is available in that country
Conclusions

In the Philippines, for example the comparison
would be coconut oil, with ME values of 7940 and
8500 kcal/kg for young and older chickens (Walker,
2012)

In the examples shown in this paper, full fat soy
was economic in Malaysia and Thailand in the first
6 months of 2012

Use of full fat soy in these situations can make
worthwhile savings in feed costs
The End
Thank you