International Conference on
Temperate Orchids
Research & Conservation
TORC ‘15
PROGRAMME & ABSTRACTS
Samos Island, Greece
13-19 April 2015
Organized by
Sails For Science Foundation
Under the Auspices of the
Hellenic Society for the
Protection of Nature
This event will bring to bear leading-edge science and
field findings from the vantage point of diverse hence
specific disciplines for its application to the research
and conservation of temperate orchids worldwide.
TORC’15
programme and abstracts
© 2015 by Sails-for-Science Foundation, all rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the copyright owners. All images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior
consent of the artists concerned, and no responsibility is accepted by producer, publisher,
or printer for any infringement of copyright or otherwise, arising from the contents of this
publication. Every effort has been made to ensure that credits accurately comply with information supplied.
graphic design: Stella Daidou
Photographs: Photographs: Pages 2, 5, 14, 140, 152 - Alex Korakis; Page 6 - Giannis Christofides; Page 8, 26 - Helena Krommydakis; Page 12 - Jackie Spapperi; Page 16, 97 - Kingsley
Dixon; Page 23, 40, 134 -Giorgos Fakas; Page 98 - Spyros Tsiftsis; Page 133 - Bijaya Pant
Maps: © OpenStreetMap contributors, Google Maps
Icons: Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com is licensed by CC BY 3.0
Copyeditor: Sven Wagner
printed in Greece
contents
Introduction
09
Sponsors & Supporters
13
Organizing Committee
15
Scientific Committee
17
Sessions Overview
24
Meeting Programme
27
Speaker Abstracts
41
Poster Abstracts
99
Keyword Index
135
Participants
141
Useful Information
153
7
Introduction
Orchids impress us with their ability to exploit diverse and challenging habitats, even in temperate climates. Their evolutionary adaption evolved into astonishing relationships with their surroundings. Yet, the fate of many wild temperate orchids is at imminent
risk with the rapidly increasing anthropogenic impacts. Before they
may disapear, we are just starting to understand the extent of this
group of plants and their complex biological adaptations.
The international conference on Temperate Orchid Research & Conservation
(TORC’15) will be held on April 13-19 on the island of Samos, Greece. TORC’15
aims to provide a stimulating event for the topics
Session A - Orchid Flora of Greek Islands / World Orchid Flora
Session B - Systematics / Population Genetics
Session C - Mycorrhizal Studies
Session D - Pollination / Floral Deception / Reproductive Success
Session E - Ethnobotany / Propagation of Native Orchids
Session F - Population Dynamics & Determinants
Session G - Conservation.
TORC’15 is bringing together first-in-class scientists and field practitioners from
around the world across different disciplines as biology, chemistry, phylogenetics,
agronomy, pharmacy, ecology and conservation. With its cutting edge speakers
and numerous participants, TORC’15 is to be augured taking the field forward by
establishing collaborations across all regions through multidisciplinary networks
and bringing temperate orchid conservation efforts therefore even closer to the
communities on every continent.
Each contribution will appear in one of the following journals
i) Acta Botanica Gallica - Botany Letters
ii) European Journal of Environmental Sciences
iii) Entomologia Generalis
iv) Journal Europäischer Orchideen, or
v) New Phytologist
The conference venue will be held in the beautiful historical setting of the capital
of Samos, Vathi, at the turquoise Aegean Sea. Due to the unique environmental
conditions of Samos, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is a green mountainous island all year around with unique thriving ecosystems shaping its fauna and
flora, and an abundance of wild orchid habitats, as e.g. the genus Ophrys. TORC’15
will take place during the high blooming season of these wild orchids.
The conference includes a one field day trip to different wild orchid habitats where
local orchidologists will be available as guides. In addition, a pre-conference workshop and a post-conference field trip are offered. The TORC’15 field guide book will
10
TORC ‘15
be provided to the schools of Samos for their environmental education to foster the
conservation of the orchids with the next generation on Samos.
We are looking forward to welcome you on Samos.
Dr. Sven Wagner
Chairman
On behalf of the Organizing and Scientific Committees
SAILS-FOR-SCIENCE FOUNDATION is a non-profit foundation based in Germany. The European founders observed all over the planet from the sea as sailors, on
land as environmental activists and simply as alert citizens of the world the rapidly
happening changes on islands from their traditional stable way of life. These different European perspectives shaped the roots and vision of the foundation, to find a
citizen answer for these global issues. SAILS-FOR-SCIENCE FOUNDATION strives
for a sustainable balance between Nature and Society for the Island Community.
Right now the world experiences tremendous globalization pressure on Small Islands around the world. These challenges are universal and include developing
countries as well as developed countries in Europe: Depletion of island resources,
increasing threats from the outside, preserving the society’s heritage, communicating through an island voice of the XXI. century, developing inter-island and
mainland connections, securing the future of an island. The remoteness and vulnerability of the islanders makes it very challenging to tackle these problems just
by themselves and need urgently our help.
Our goal is taking global responsibility of islands to another level by exchanging
with them knowledge through our science platform. We built bridges for meaningful and innovative actions between island citizens and scientists, as the sustainable
well-being of islands deserves to be explored, preserved and developed. For us, the
needed innovation may be provided by objective scientific applied research. But we
believe as well in promoting the results by an inclusive chain, gathering all the
links as education organism and authorities that will make the island communities
new sustainable steps.
PROGRAMME
11
Thank you Sponsors
and Supporters
13
Organizing Committee
Dr. Sven Wagner
Sails-For-Science Foundation, Germany
Mrs. Stella Daidou
Sails-For-Science Foundation, Greece
Mr. Vasilis Louizos
SCS Samos Conference Series, Greece
Dr. Spyros Tsiftsis
Aristotle University, Greece
Mr. Nikos Petrou
Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature (HSPN), Greece
Mr. Nikos & Mrs. Elena Skapetis
FactorSigma, Greece
Emmanouil Tritsiniotis
Factor Sigma Informatics Ltd., Greece
Mr. Michalis Folas
Union of Municipalities, Greece
Mr. Dimitris Kourouvakalis
Obi Orange, Greece
Mr. Giorgos Fakas
Samos, Greece
Mrs. Rachel Debricat
Sails-For-Science Foundation, France
Mrs. Katerina Kypraiou
Samos, Greece
15
Scientific Committee
Kingsley DIXON is Director of Science at the State botanic garden, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, and a Visiting
Professor at the University of Western Australia.
Prof. Dr.
Kingsley
Dixon
The conservation and restoration research facility operates programs in species reintroductions and ecology
that includes orchids both as part of ecological restoration programs and rare and endangered orchid conservation. The orchid program is the largest of its type in
Australia and involves conservation genetics, pollination
ecology, mycorrhizal ecology, reintroduction programs
and ex situ conservation of seed, mycorrhiza as well as
cryoconservation of somatic tissues.
Australia, School of
Plant Biology, The
University of Western
Australia, Kings Park
and Botanic Garden
scientific publications at:
https://www.socrates.uwa.edu.au/Staff/StaffProfile.aspx?Person=KingsleyDixon&tab=publicationsl
Mike F. FAY is Head of Genetics, Jodrell Dept. at the Royal
Botanic Gardens Kew and Chair IUCN-SSC Orchid Specialist Group, Reintroduction Specialist Group.
Dr.
His extensive research encompasses the overlap between
genetics, systematics and conservation efforts where orchids form the major focus of these studies. He is also
Vice President of the Linnean Society of London and on
several editorial boards, namely Editor-in-Chief of the
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
Michael
F. Fay
United Kingdom, Royal
Botanic al Garden
Kew, IUCN
scientific publications at:
http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/directory/
people/Fay_Mike.htm
18
TORC ‘15
Pavel KINDLMANN is Professor of Ecology at the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University and Head
of Department of Biodiversity Research at Czechglobe,
Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
Prof. Dr.
Pavel
Kindmann
Inst. for Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Natural Sciences,
Charles Univ., Prague
and Dept. of Biodiversity Research, Czechglobe, Academy of
Sciences, Brno, Czech
Republic
His research is focused on modeling population and
metapopulation dynamics, evolution of life histories and
nature protection. Orchids are one of the major model
groups in his team and their research includes mainly orchid pollination strategies, energy partitioning between
growth and reproduction, chaotic flowering regimes. At
present he works on the factors determining orchid species diversity in the world. Scientific field studies led him
to Nepal, Bolivia, Puerto Rico, Papua New Guinea and
many other countries. He is editor-in-chief of the European Journal of Environmental Sciences and associate
editor of Acta Oecologica, Journal of Applied Entomology and of Frontiers in Population Dynamics. He has
published more than one hundred papers in prominent
scientific journals and several books.
scientific publications at:
https://www.natur.cuni.cz/fakulta/zivotni-prostredi/lide/
zamestnanci/pavel-kindlmann
Hannes PAULUS is Professor Emeritus in Zoology, Head
of the Dept. of Evolutionary Biology at the University
of Vienna in Austria, after heading electron microscopy
and holding professorship in zoology at the University of
Freiburg, Germany.
Prof. Dr.
Hannes
Paulus
Austria, University of
Vienna
Scientific field studies led him to Columbia, Nigeria,
Kenya (bat pollination) and for many years to the Mediterranean areas of Greece, Italy, Spain, Tunesia, Cyprus,
Turkey, Israel (pollination biology, systematics, biogeography, and visual ecology studies of the orchid genus
Ophrys, and other orchids; ecology and systematics of
bees and beetles). He worked also on functional morphology, neurobiology and phylogeny of the arthropod eye;
as well as on the evolution of the mimicry system in the
sexually deceptive orchid genus Ophrys.
scientific publications at:
http://zoology.univie.ac.at/people/associates/hannes-paulus/
PROGRAMME
19
Theodora PETANIDOU is teaching biogeography, ecology and environmental sciences at the University of the
Aegean, a unique university with campuses over six islands, with the oldest geography department in Greece.
Prof. Dr.
Theodora
Petanidou
Greece, University of
the Aegean, Lesvos
Her Biogeography & Ecology Laboratory facilitates far
reaching research in the Aegean in the fields of pollination ecology, ecogeography, natural resources conservation, and cultural ecology, particular with emphasis on
systems in extreme conditions as island habitats, xeric
expansions, deserts, incl. heat loving animals, salinas,
and terraces. The institute maintains also a reference
collection of 150,000 pollinating insects of the wider
Aegean, called the Melissotheque. She is also a former
Fulbright scholar and was a visiting scientist at several
institutes in Europe and the Americas.
scientific publications at:
http://bioecolab-aegean.blogspot.gr/p/welcome.html
Marc-André SELOSSE is professor at Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. He is teaching biology of
interactions and evolution at Ecole Normale Supérieure
and diverse French universities.
Prof. Dr.
Marc André
Selosse
His research focuses on mycorrhizal symbiosis, especially in orchids and heterotrophic plants. Devoted to outreach, he wrote +90 papers in French. As President of the
Société botanique de France and scientific advisor to the
Société Française d’Orchidophilie, he organized several
international meetings, including “Orchid Symbioses:
Models for Evolutionary Ecology” (Cosenza, Italy, May
2013). He is an editor of the New Phytologist, Symbiosis
and ABG – Botany Letters.
France, Département
Systématique et Evolution, Muséum national
d’Histoire naturelle,
Paris
scientific publications at:
http://isyeb.mnhn.fr/Marc-Andre-SELOSSE
20
TORC ‘15
Ekrem SEZIK’s research spans from pharmacognostical
studies on phytopharmaceuticals, particular for volatile
oil-containing plants, to ethnopharmacology of Turkish
folk medicines and as well as for the last decades on
investigations on Turkish orchids and their natural
product Salep, which is made from the tubers of orchids,
a traditional beverage in the Mediterranean originated
from Turkey.
Prof. Dr.
Ekrem
Sezik
He wrote more than 200 original papers, the first book
on Turkish Orchids (1984), has been awarded the Science
Award in Pharmaceutical Sciences by the Turkish Academy of Pharmacy (2008) and is the Chairman of the Turkish Phytotherapy Association.
Turkey, Yeditepe University, Istanbul
scientific publications at:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ekrem_Sezik/
Spyros TSIFTSIS’s interests are focused chiefly on orchid
taxonomy, chorology, orchid ecology and conservation
through networks of protected areas, as well as on the
prediction of the potential distribution of the orchids in
different geographical areas of Greece while utilizing
species distribution models.
Dr.
Spyros
Tsiftsis
His concurrent work is devoted towards transforming
the knowledge of orchid distribution in Greece into prediction models of their distribution patterns under the
constraints of future climate change scenarios. In the
emerging field of orchid research in Greece, he published
in numerous peer-reviewed international journals and
co-authored several book chapters about the richness of
Greek wild orchids and their challenges.
Greece, Independent,
Thessaloniki
PROGRAMME
21
Daniel TYTECA is an engineer in applied mathematics
and doctor of applied natural science of UCL (Université catholique de Louvain). Now, extraordinary Professor
and research associate of UCL, he is a member of the
Louvain School of Management and the Earth and Life
Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre.
Prof. Dr.
Daniel
Tyteca
He teaches in environmental management, both at UCL
and in a European faculty group (Global Alliance in Management Education). He performs for many decades research activities in the fields of systematics, ecology and
evolution of European and Mediterranean orchids, both
at UCL and with colleagues across Europe. He is also an
active member of several organisations for nature conservation and botany.
Belgium, UC Louvain
scientific publications at:
http://www.uclouvain.be/en-279520.html
Dennis WHIGHAM is a Senior Botanist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center.His research is focused on native orchids, vines, wetland species, invasive
species and forests around the world.
He is the founding Director of the North American Orchid Conservation Center, which has recently launched
the interactive web site Go Orchids..
Dr.
Dennis
Whigham
USA, Smithsonian Environmental Research
Center (SERC), Edgewater, MD
scientific publications at:
http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/plant_ecology/index.aspx
See NAOCC at http://northamericanorchidcenter.org/
See Go Orchids at http://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/
22
TORC ‘15
Sessions Overview
Session A
Orchid Flora of Greek Islands / World Orchid
Flora
Orchids of Greece & Samos, more species to discover?
Identification of new species and subspecies of temperate wild orchids globally
Recent data on distribution, biotopes and their challenges, of native temperate orchids
Session B
Systematics / Population Genetics
Taxonomic challenges (From Linneaus to the age of phylogenomics)
Red List update
New concepts and identification techniques
Session C
Mycorrhizal Studies
Orchid - Soil Interactions: Carbon sequestration, feedbacks, new secrets from underground
on mycorrhizae and orchid symbiosis
Plant community structure and orchid symbionts
Molecular & other techniques developed herein (HTS, stable isotopes, etc.)
Session D
Pollination / Floral Deception / Reproductive
Success
Orchid – Animal Interactions: Pollination biology of orchids, insights into the intimate life of
orchids, including other than insect orchid relationships
Orchid Invasions & Physiology: Diseases and disease mechanisms in wild temperate orchids
Biological Signaling Beyond: Further vital communications of orchids within their habitat;
olfactory, tactile, optical and other modes of signaling
24
TORC ‘15
Session E
Ethnobotany / Propagation of Native Orchids
Natural compound identification from orchids, secondary metabolites
Medicinal chemistry and traditional knowledge research regarding pharmaceutical
applications derived from orchids
Nutritional sciences and agronomy in respect to orchids (Salep)
Micropropagation (in vitro, in vivo techniques) of wild orchids
Fruit formation observations
Other utilities of wild orchids, aspects of legislation
Session F
Population Dynamics & Determinants
Biotic and abiotic factors that govern orchid thrive
Population biology of orchids
Orchid population dynamics, biodiversity
Climate change and wild orchids (Drought scenario data / prediction, etc.)
Pathogen paradigm shifts for wild orchids
Natural defense systems of wild orchids in their habitats, evolutionary lessons
Session G
Conservation
Anthropogenic challenges to temperate orchids – alert indicators (Derived from wildfires,
droughts, urban zoning, grazing/land use challenges, commercial exploitation / destruction
Ecological concepts and conservation of wild orchids, incl. respective pollinator insects, soil
microbiology, plant community and other crucial lifelines for orchids impeding on their
vitality
Current legal frameworks of protection, legislation
Seedbanks, propagation / horticulture, botanical gardens, and other preservation measures
Fostering harmony between humans and wild orchids (community involvement, ecotourism,
commercial use of orchids, orchid societies, reach-out education, biospehres)
Possible bio-indicators for future assessment of ecological health of wild temperate orchid
PROGRAMME
25
Meeting Programme
Sunday, 12 April
Arrival of delegates to Samos,
Pick-up from airport SMI & check-in at accommodations
Monday, 13 April
WORKSHOP ‘Keys to Orchid Observation’
09:00
Part I
11:00
11:30
“Orchids under the Lens” Nikos Petrou
Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature (ΕΕΠΦ)
Coffee Break
Part II
Keys to Orchid Biotope Identification with Mini Field Trip
Lunch included
15:00
Closure
19:00
Conference Registration & Reception at Samos Hotel
Tuesday, 14 April
LECTURE PROGRAMME
08:00
Registration at Venue
Mayor’s Hall, Samos
09:00
Conference Opening
Welcome Addresses by
Mr. Nikolaos Katrakazos
Deputy Governor, North Aegean Region
Mr. Michalis A. Angelopoulos
Mayor of Samos
Mr. Nikos Petrou
President Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature
Prof. Marc-André Selosse
Président de la Société Botanique de France
Session
A.a
Orchid Flora of Greek Islands
09:30
A1
Keynote
Christian Körner
Institute of Botany, Univ. of Basel, Switzerland
“Climate change and vegetation of the Eastern Aegean”
10:00
A2
Spyros Tsiftsis
School of Biology, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki
“Biogeographical aspects of orchid diversity on Greek islands”
28
TORC ‘15
10:20
A3
Monika Hirth
AHO Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
“Can we see evolution at work? Long-term survey on the small Greek
Island of Agathonisi from 1994 to 2013”
10:40
A4
Theodora Petanidou
Univ. of the Aegean, Lesvos, Greece
“Creating facilities for pollination studies in the Aegean”
Break
11:00
Session
A.b
World Orchid Flora
11:30
A5
Alexander Kocyan
Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry
and Biology, Univ. of Potsdam, Germany & Institute of Integrative
Biology (IBZ), ETH Zürich, Switzerland
“The orchid genus Luisia disentangled: the need for multidisciplinary
studies to understand floral evolution of orchids”
11:50
A6
Daniel Tyteca
Université catholique de Louvain, Biodiversity Research Centre,
Belgium
“Recent contributions to the orchid flora of Portugal
(new species, critical taxa, and new distribution data)”
12:10
A7
Mike F. Fay
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, United Kingdom
“British and Irish orchids in the face of climate change”
12:30
A8
Ekaterina Zheleznaya
Timiryazev State Biology Museum, Moscow, Russia
“The investigation of rare species Cypripedium in some areas of Siberia (Russia)”
POSTER SESSION & Lunch
12:50
A1P1
Giorgos Fakas
Greece
“Plant records of the orchid flora
of the Island of Samos, Greece”
A2P1
Asaf Shifman
Ishi Talmon
Israel
“Reclassification of several orchids of Israel”
A2P2
Juliene Viglione
Errol Vela
France
“Recent input to Lebanese orchid
flora and tentative of a national
checklist integrating synonymies”
A2P3
Argyrios Gerakis
Xenophon Haldas
Marios Giannakoulias
Greece
PROGRAMME
“Anacamptis palustris subsp.
robusta (Orchidaceae): a new
record to the flora of Cephalonia,
Greece”
29
30
A2P4
Roland Martin
Errol Vela
Ridha Ouni
France, Tunisia
“Ophrys pseudomigoutiana, a new
orchid species from Tunisia”
A2P5
Éva Biró
Judit Bódis
V.A. Molnár
Hungary
“Why is hybridization so rare
between the species of genus
Himantoglossum?”
A2P6
Sami Youssef
Kurdistan Region, Iraq
“New data on orchids (Orchidaceae) of the Duhok Province in
the Kurdistan Region (N-Iraq):
2013-2014 surveys”
B1P1
Pierluigi Cortis
Pier Luigi Nimis
Annalena Cogoni
Andrea Ambus
Stefano Martellos
Italy
“Digital key for the identification
of Sardinian orchids”
B2P1
Natalia Pelteki
Spyros Tsiftsis
Nicoleta Karaiskou
Alexandros Triantafyllidis
Andreas D. Drouzas
Greece
“Low genetic differentiation
among 21 different species and
subspecies of the genus Epipactis
native to Greece”
B2P2
Martha Charitonidou
Spyros Tsiftsis
Andreas D. Drouzas
Greece
“Lack of PCR-RFLP variation in
Epipactis atrorubens populations
from northern Greece”
CP1
Julienne M. - I. Schiebold
Germany
“Is a switch of carbon sources
under light-limitation a general
feature of partially mycoheterotrophic orchids?”
CP2
Vildan Akin Mutlu
Ibrahim Ozkoc
Yasemin Özdener Kömpe
Turkey
“IIsolation and molecular
characterization endosymbionts
from Spiranthes spiralis plants
in different growing periods in
Turkey characterization”
CP3
Yasemin Özdener Kömpe
Vildan Akin Mutlu
Ibrahim Ozkoc
Emre Yuksul
Turkey
“Tulasnella spp. diversity of the
roots of Spiranthes spiralis / in
vitro & in situ germination of its
seeds”
CP4
María Isabel Mujica
Chile
High mycorrhizal specialization
in the rare orchids Bipinnula
volckmanni Kraenzl. and Bipinnula
apinnula Gosewijn
TORC ‘15
Session
B.a
Systematics
14:10
B1
Keynote
Mike F. Fay
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, United Kingdom
“Phylogenetics of Slipper Orchids”
14:40
B2
Pavel Trávníček
Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of South Bohemia, České Budějovice,
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Charles Univ. Prague, Czech
Republic
“Nuclear genome size estimation in orchids – challenging task with
respect to progressively partial endoreplication”
15:00
B3
Daniel Tyteca
Université catholique de Louvain, Biodiversity Research Centre,
Belgium
“Ophrys systematics - when molecular phylogenetics, morphology
and biology reconcile”
15:20
B4
Andreas D. Drouzas
School of Biology, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece
“Genetic relationships of Greek Epipactis species revealed by DNA
barcoding”
15:40
B5
Errol Vela
Univ. of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
“Toward an operational on-the-field taxonomy: back to morphology?
Example of Pseudophrys from France, Algeria and Tunisia”
16:00
B6
Fabiana Esposito
Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain,
Belgium
“Mixed Platanthera populations: the case for introgression or selection pressure”
16:20
B7
Roberto Gamarra
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
“Seed micromorphology in “the Platanthera clade” (Orchidaceae, Orchideae): taxonomic significance”
Break
16:40
Session
B.b
Population Genetics
17:10
Dr. Alexander Kocyan
Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry &
Biology, Univ. of Potsdam, Germany
“Low genetic differentiation along a North-South Transect in Europe
of Liparis loeselii (Little Fen Orchid)”
B8
PROGRAMME
31
17:30
B9
Edyta Jermakowicz
Institute of Botany, Univ. of Białystok, Poland
“Differentiation of genetic structure of the boreal-mountain orchid
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. in its European part of range”
17:50
B10
Aigi Ilves
Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Estonian Univ. of
Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
“Genetic diversity of Anacamptis pyramidalis at the edges and center
of its distribution range”
18:10
B11
Kaan Hürkan
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Biology Dept.,
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Çanakkale, Turkey
“Phylogeographic structure within the closely related orchids:
N. tridentata and N. ustulata”
18:30
B12
Julita Minasiewicz
Dept. of Plant Taxonomy & Nature Conservation, Univ. of Gdansk,
Poland
“Population genetic structure of the mycoheterotrophic Epipogium
aphyllum Sw. in Europe”
Conclusion
18:50
Wednesday, 15 April
Session
C
Mycorrhizal Studies
09:00
C1
Keynote
Marc-André Selosse
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
“Evolution to partial and full mycoheterotrophy in orchids”
09:30
C2
Gerhard Gebauer
Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry (BayCEER),
University of Bayreuth, Germany
“How many green orchids are partially mycoheterotrophic?”
09:50
C3
Julienne M. - I. Schiebold
Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry (BayCEER),
University of Bayreuth, Germany
“From rags to riches: Partial mycoheterotrophy in the genus Epipactis
Zinn”
10:10
C4
Félix Lallemand
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
“Full and partial mycoheterotrophy in orchids based on saprobic
fungi”
32
TORC ‘15
10:30
C5
Jan Ponert
Dept. of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University,
Prague, Czech Republic
“Orchids utilize trehalose from mycorrhizal fungi by the action of
trehalase”
10:50
C6
Nina V. Shekhovtsova
Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
“The microbial complexes associated with tubers of temperate orchids from Russia”
Break
11:10
11:40
C7
Session
Irina Tatarenko
Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russia; Open University, United Kingdom
“Modular growth in orchids and its implication in species population
biology”
D.a
Pollination & Floral Deception
12:00
D1
Keynote
Jana Jersáková
Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
“Evolution of Batesian food-based floral mimicry – how to cheat on
but not turn off pollinators”
12:30
D2
Nina Joffard
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
“What we can learn from orchid-pollinator interactions networks?”
12:50
D3
Hannes Paulus
Dept. of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna
“Which is the true Ophrys leucadica? Pollination biology investigations in Kefalonia and the eastern Mediterranean area”
13:10
D4
Manfred Ayasse
Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Germany
“Pollinator attraction in the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera rubra
(Orchidaceae)”
POSTER SESSION & Lunch
13:30
DP1
Aphrodite Kantsa
Jelle Devalez
Thomas Tscheulin
Theodora Petanidou
“The POL-AEGIS database as a
basis to study orchid reproductive ecology at community level
in the eastern Mediterranean”
Greece
DP2
PROGRAMME
Hannes Paulus
Austria
“How to find Ophrys pollinators?
Where to search and
how to make bio-tests?”
33
34
DP3
Hannes Paulus
Monika Hirth
Austria
“Pollination biology in the
Ophrys mammosa group”
DP4
Demetras Rakosy
Yannick Stadler
Hannes Paulus
Manfred Ayasse
Germany, Austria
“Pollinator mediation vs. geographic variation of floral traits
in a group of sexually deceptive
orchids”
DP5
Izabela Tałałaj
Agata Kostro
Ada Wróblewska
Emilia Brzosko
Beata Ostrowiecka
Cezary Bystrowski
Poland
“Pollination syndrome of deceptive orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii
(Druce) Soó under conditions of
natural forests in NE Poland”
DP6
Kadri Tali
Marilin Mõtlep
Tiiu Kull
Estonia
“Comparing spurs and proboscis
of the pollinators in Platanthera
species of Estonia”
DP7
Şenay Süngü Şeker
Mustafa Kemal Akbulut
Gülcan Şenel
Turkey
“Labellum micromorphology of
some orchid genera distributed
in the Black Sea Region”
DP8
Mustafa Kemal Akbulut 
Şenay Süngü Şeker
Gülcan Şenel
Öznur Ergen Akçin
Turkey
“A comparative study based
on labellum color analysis of
certain Ophrys (Orchidaceae)
species”
EP1
Irena Mincheva
Mihaela Jordanova
Ekaterina Kozuharova
Bulgaria
“On the traditional use of Salep
in the Rhodopes, Bulgaria”
EP2
Bo Long
Wenjin Su
China
“Efficient in vitro propagation
method with increased shoot
organogenesis of endangered
Paphiopedilum parishii”
EP3
Yasemin Kemeç
Turkey
“In vitro granular pollen and
pollinium germination attempts
on some orchid taxa distributed
in Çanakkale (NW Turkey)”
FP1
Judit Bódis
Éva Biró
T. Nagy
L. Menyhárt
Hungary
“The size and characteristics
of Himantoglossum adriaticum
populations in Hungary”
TORC ‘15
FP2
Milan Kotilínek
T. Těšitelová
P. Fibich
Z. Ipser
Z. Münzbergová
J. Jersáková
Czech Republic
“Seed dispersal curves of
Epipactis atrorubens in two
forest types”
FP3
Yusuf Abbas
M. Jadeyegowda
R. Sujatha
M.N. Ramesh
India
“Orchid diversity at Kodagu
District of the Western Ghats
in India”
GP1
Hélène Vogt-Schilb
François Munoz
Franck Richard
Bertrand Schatz
France
“Decline and range shift of
orchids in Western Europe
(France, Belgium and Luxembourg) over 20 years: a study
based on a large-scale participatory survey”
GP2
Bertrand Schatz
France
“Analysis of the current
protection of orchid species in
France: evidence of biases and
proposal for improvements
by articulating priorities on
regional and national scales”
GP3
Errol Vela
Roland Martin
France
“Rapid preliminary assessment
for national red-listing orchid
taxa in Tunisia”
GP4
Kingsley Dixon
Australia
“Evolution at the end of the
earth – orchid conservation in
the southwest Australian
hotspot”
GP5
Rafael Schneider
Bertil Krüsi
Marilena Palmisano
Yasmina Bounaâja
Joël Wieser
Philipp Rüegg
Lukas Weidmann
Switzerland
“Report on an effective ex-situ
evaluation tool for determining
potential orchid
areas”
GP6
Aphrodite Kantsa
“Red data orchids in Greece: do
traits predict vulnerability?”
Greece
PROGRAMME
35
Session
D.b
Pollination & Reproductive Success
15:00
D5
Hannes Paulus
Dept. of Integrative Zoology, Univ. of Vienna, Austria &
Monika Hirth, AHO Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
“Ophrys phaseliana-parosica-theophrasti-merope or how many species
are there? Pollination biological investigation of this high variable
fusca group”
15:20
D6
Jennifer Dietel
Institute of Experimental Ecology, Univ. of Ulm, Germany
“Speciation and pollination ecology of the orchid Epipactis
helleborine”
15:40
D7
Éva Biró
Georgikon Faculty, Pannon Univ., Keszthely, Hungary
“Reproductive success of Himantoglossum species”
16:00
D8
Bertrand Schatz
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, France
“A global viewpoint of intraspecific variation of scent emitted by the
orchid Orchis mascula”
Break
16:20
16:50
D9
Kristi Sootla
Dept. of Chemistry, Institute of Mathematics & Natural Sciences,
Tallinn Univ., Tallin, Estonia
“Flower scent - flower colour associations in Gymnadenia
conopsea s.l.”
17:10
D10
Pieter Gijbels
Plant Conservation & Population Biology, Biology Dept., Univ. of
Leuven, Belgium
“Experimental manipulation of nectar amino acid content affects
pollinia removal, fruit set and selfing in the orchid Gymnadenia
Conopsea”
17:30
D11
Kadri Tali
Estonian Univ. of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
“Four seed quality measures in orchids with different pollination
systems”
17:50
D12
Izabela Tałałaj
Institute of Botany, Univ. of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
“How effective is breeding system and pollination biology for reproductive success of the deceptive orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce)
Soó”
18:10
36
Conclusion
TORC ‘15
Thursday, 16 April
08:30
Departure for Southern Field Excursion with Break
13:00
Picnic Lunch
14:30
Northern Field Excursion with Break
18:30
Traditional Mezze at Greek Taverna
20:30
Arrival in Vathi
Friday, 17 April
Session
Ethnobotany & Propagation of
Native Orchids
09:00
E1
Keynote
Bijaya Pant
Central Dept. of Botany, Institute of Science & Technology Tribhuvan
Univ., Kathmandu Nepal
“Medicinal orchids of Nepal: their ex situ and in situ conservation
practice in some selected community forests of Nepal”
09:30
E2
Ekrem Sezik
Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe Univ. Istanbul Turkey
“Salep and the destruction of Turkish orchids”
09:50
E4
Luicita Lagunez-Rivera
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional unidad Oaxaca, Mexico
“Prosthechea karwinskii, an endemic Mexican orchid and their antioxidant compounds”
10:10
E5
Rodolfo Solano-Gómez
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional unidad Oaxaca, Mexico
“Characzterization of the volatile compounds of the orchid
Prosthechea varicose”
10:30
E5
Break
E
PROGRAMME
37
Session
Population Dynamic &
Determinants
11:00
F1
Keynote
Pavel Kindlmann
Dept. of Theoretical Ecology, Global Change Research Centre, Brno,
and Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles Univ., Prague, Czech
Republic
“Is orchid geographical distribution determined by their metapopulation dynamics?”
11:20
F2
Michael J. Hutchings
School of Life Sciences, Univ. of Sussex, UK
“Weather, climate and Ophrys sphegodes: the present, the past and a
disturbing glimpse into the future”
11:40
F3
Hélène Vogt-Schilb
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier & Biotope,
Mèze, France
“Temporal dynamics of orchids in a 27-year long interval in Corsica, a
study based on a Bayesian multispecies site-occupancy model”
12:10
F4
Zuzana Štípková
Global Change Research Centre, Brno, and Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles Univ., Prague, Czech Republic
“Determinants of orchid species diversity”
F
Lunch
12:30
14:00
F5
Dennis F. Whigham
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
“Isotria medeoloides (Small whorled Pogonia) – understanding the
factors responsible for the performance of plants in declining populations of a species that is listed as Threatened in the U.S.”
14:20
F6
Zdeněk Ipser
Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
“The effect of climate conditions on the population dynamics of Dactylorhiza sambucina”
Session
G
Conservation
14:40
G1
Keynote
Dennis F. Whigham
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
“Conserving native orchids at the scale of the U.S. and Canada – Lessons learned thus far within the North American Orchid Conservation
Center”
15:10
G2
Mike F. Fay
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, United Kingdom
“Orchid conservation genetics in the age of next-generation
sequencing”
38
TORC ‘15
Break
16:40
17:10
G3
Tiiu Kull
Estonian Univ. of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
“Factors influencing threat levels to orchids across Europe”
17:40
G4
Jørn Erik Bjørndalen
Oslo, Norway
“Conservation of Norwegian orchids - achievements and
challenges”
18:00
G5
Rafael Schneider
Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
“Establishment of native orchids on green roofs”
18:20
Panel Discussion & Closing of Lectures
21:00
GALA DINNER with Greek Cultural Programme
During the last day of lectures of the conference
the BEST POSTER AWARD WINNER will be
announced. The BEST POSTER AWARD will be
sponsored by the Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature, Greece and the New Phytologist
Trust, United Kingdom.
Saturday, 18 April
Post-Conference Field Excursion & Cultural Highlights
09:30
Departure
13:00
Picnic Lunch
14:30
Eastern Field Excursion & Cultural Highlights
19:00
Arrival at Vathi
PROGRAMME
39
Speaker Abstracts
Session
A.a
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
CHRISTIAN KÖRNER
[email protected]
Institute of Botany, University of Basel
Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, SWITZERLAND
Climate change and vegetation of
the Eastern Aegean
Is the Sahara moving north? Are biota responding to recent climatic
change? What is the relative importance of climatic versus socio-economic changes for the Mediterranean vegetation? Are the niches for
herbaceous biodiversity including Orchids declining? In this presentation I will briefly explain the current and recent past climatic trends,
and use dendrochronological evidence to illustrate effective drying
over the past ca. 40 years. These trends coincide with traditional rural
wells’ falling dry and trees and shrubs periodically desiccating to death
in exposed locations. As dramatic as such events might be, the more
severe changes are related to land use change. In historic times, the
anthropogenic Mediterranean landscape outside intensive cropping
areas, served at least three purposes, often jointly on the same piece of
land: production of cereals (the reason for terrassed land), pastoralism,
and olive cultivation. Cereal production is gone a century ago, pastoralism has declined to almost nothing, and olive production declined
as well, and is confined to the best locations, and is maintained (at
least in large parts of Greece) more as a family tradition, rather than a
substantial part of income, given that one liter of oil has been priced
at around 2 Euro in recent years, requiring 5-6 kg of olives. As a consequence, pyrophytic shrub is encroaching groves, pine forests expand,
and fires become more violent as drought combined with fuel load increase. The enhanced incidence of devastating fires has largely to do
with the decline in land use. Although land use itself has been devastating the Greek Islands as well, back to Plato’s times (with dramatic
losses of soil), sustainable forms of land use have also been responsible
for much of the Mediterranean biological richness, which is related
to ‘open landscapes’. Orchids are facing increasing competition from
tall grass, shrub expansion and forest expansion, with climatic change
likely to affect these geophytes less than other life forms.
A1
Körner, C., Sarris, D., Christodoulakis, D. (2005) Long-term increase in climatic dryness in the East-Mediterranean as evidenced for the island of Samos. Regional Environ
Change 5: 27-36.
42
TORC ‘15
SPYROS TSIFTSIS
[email protected]
Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, GREECE
Biogeographical aspects of the
diversity of orchids on Greek
islands
The orchid flora of the Greek islands, of both the Aegean and Ionian
Archipelagos, was analyzed to study the effects of environmental factors on their orchid composition, as well as their diversity patterns on
these islands. Correspondence analysis has been applied for investigating the relationships among the studied islands and to determine the
effects of the environmental factors on their composition, while the differences in the species composition among the phytogeographical areas were tested by a multi-response permutation procedure. The effects
of elevation, island area, and the distance from the nearest mainland to
the total orchid flora and the regional endemic orchid flora occurring
in the studied islands were further tested using simple linear regression. The most important environmental factors influencing the orchid
composition of each island were the elevation, the number of habitat
types, the island perimeter, and the distance from the nearest mainland. Phytogeographical areas hosting significantly different orchid
compositions, from all the other ones, were the Ionian Islands, as well
as, the Cyclades. In regard to the most powerful variables influencing
orchids diversity, regression analyses indicated as such island area and
elevation, while distance from the nearest mainland, although statistically significant, has been identified to be less predictive. These results
demonstrate the significant role of the island area and of the prevailing
elevation, two variables which were highly correlating in the islands
of the study area. Elevation, a complex variable, contributes bias to
the climatic conditions of an island and consequently forms selected
habitat types with a dedicated orchid flora.
Session
A.a
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Aegean Islands,
Ecology,
Ionian Islands,
Orchids,
Phytogeography
A2
PROGRAMME
43
Session
A.a
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Conservation,
Greece, island
habitats, Island
of Agathonisi,
new Ophrys
taxa
MONIKA HIRTH
[email protected]
Arbeitskreis Heimischer Orchideen (AHO) Baden-Württemberg,
Runzstraße 6, D-79102 Freiburg, GERMANY
Can we see evolution at work?
Long-term survey on the small
Greek Island Agathonisi from
1994 to 2013
The orchid flora of small islands and its investigation present their
own peculiarities and can be very exciting for the investigator: Particular difficult logistics, uncertainties of the journey, strikes and
weather implications, as well as, large scale impacts as climate
change, annual fluctuations of vegetation periods, droughts over the
recent years, decline in biotopes and impoverishment of the flora due
to agricultural and touristic exploitations of long-established habitats, all of them pose challenges to the orchidologist on small islands
to accomplish the objectives. On the example of the small island of
Agathonisi, situated in proximity to Samos, results of a long-term
study of the rich variety of its orchid flora, with emphasis on the
genus Ophrys, is presented reflecting on taxonomic and conservation challenges for such confined habitats. Due to the observed rapid
decline of particular Ophrys species, urgently needed conservation
measures for precious small island habitats, from the perspective of
multiple site visits to the Agathonisi for almost two decades, are proposed. The results of the study encourage exerting similar conservation measures, rather now than later, on other botanically unique
small islands in the Aegean.
A3
44
TORC ‘15
THEODORA PETANIDOU
[email protected]
Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography,
University of the Aegean University Hill, GR-81100 Mytilene, GREECE
Creating facilities for pollination
studies
The Aegean archipelago has been described as the land for flowers and
bees par excellence. It is a world hotspot for wild bees which are the
most important pollinators of a wealth of wild plants and numerous
cultivated ones. At the same time, the Aegean is one of the few areas
in Europe for which we have only fragments of knowledge on its pollinating fauna, as no systematic study has even been carried out here on
the subject. This also applies to the entire country, Greece, for which
neither national list nor knowledge on the distribution of pollinator
species exists.
The talk will focus on the efforts made by the Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, to establish
systematic studies on pollinator diversity (ecological, genetic) and distribution (biogeography) in the country, as well as to pinpoint the main
threats these pollinators face in the Aegean (project POL-AEGIS: The
Pollinators of the Aegean Archipelago – Diversity and Threats; 2012–2015).
A major issue, i.e. the creation of basic infrastructure targeting to reinforce future research on pollinator and pollination ecology in this part
of the world, is also addressed by the project; the aim is three-fold: (i)
to enrich the Melissotheque of the Aegean, a reference collection of bees
and other pollinator groups from the wider Aegean area; (ii) to upgrade
the taxonomic capital at the national and European scale by training
young people on the taxonomy of bees and other pollinator groups of
this area; and (iii) to create basic supporting documents for further
in-depth pollination studies: first examples of this kind are the compilation of the “Taxonomic Keys for the Hoverflies” and the creation of
the “Atlas of the Hoverflies of Greece” both scheduled to be completed
within 2015.
This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF)
and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong
Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding
Program: THALES. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.
PROGRAMME
Session
A.a
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Aegean islands,
entomophily,
pollinator reference database
A4
45
Session
A.b
World Orchid
Flora
Chair:
Daniel
Tyteca
Keywords:
Asia, habitats,
floral traits,
Luisia,
Orchidaceae,
pollination
syndrome.
A5
46
ALEXANDER KOCYAN1,2, SANTI WHATTANA3,
TOPIK HIGAYAT4,5, TOMOHISA YUKAWA6,
ROMAN KAISER7, HENRIK Æ. PEDERSEN8
[email protected]
Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry
and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2a, 14469 Potsdam,
GERMANY; 2ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitatstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, SWITZERLAND; 3Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden,
P.O.Box 7 Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, THAILAND; 4Faculty of Bioscience
and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor
Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA; 5Department of Biology Education, Indonesia
University of Education (UPI), Bandung 40154, INDONESIA; 6Tsukuba
Botanical. Garden, National. Science Museum; 1-1, Amakubo 4, Tsukuba,
JAPAN; 7Natural Scents, Givaudan Schweiz AG, Ueberlandstrasse 138,
8600 Dübendorf, SWITZERLAND; 8Botanical Garden & Museum, Natural
History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 130,
DK-1123 Copenhagen K, DENMARK
1
The orchid genus Luisia disentangled: the need of multidisciplinary
studies to understand floral evolution of orchids
Data on pollination are crucial for the understanding of evolution of
orchid flowers and are hence a key factor to disentangle the megadiversity of Orchidaceae. However, often direct field observations of
pollination are lacking. Therefore, the concept of pollination syndrome
– i.e. a set of floral traits to prognosticate a category of pollinators –
is an important tool to study diversification of angiosperms. We here
present a study on the genus Luisia to test the value of floral characters
to pin down a group of pollinators. Earlier hypotheses on Luisia suggest pollination by sexual deceit due to the overall floral resemblance
of Luisia with Ophrys. Luisia contains c. 40 epiphytic and lithophytic species in Asia and is part of the Asian monopodial subtribe Aeridinae. We collected data on lip morphology-anatomy, the chemical
composition of floral scents, and reconstructed the genus’ phylogenetic
history (plastid/nuclear DNA). Flowers grouped morphologically into
two classes corresponding with phylogenetic clades: open flowers with
cushion like lips with an erratically verrucose to smooth epidermis
versus more or less enclosed flowers with lips with a conically papillate epidermis. We detected that most flowers offer nectar, which was
released from stomata on the lip. Floral odours were unpleasant and
contained butyric and/or isovaleric acids. These characters suggest
that the floral visitors are flies or beetles. However, some species with
open flowers lack nectar and, hence, may deceit pollinators. This finds
supports by a recent study on the pollination biology of Luisia curtisii,
which is pollinated by beetles
(Pedersen et al. 2013).
TORC ‘15
DANIEL TYTECA1, JOAQUIM PESSOA, LUISA BORGES,
CONCEIÇÃO PEREIRA, DUARTE V. MARQUES,
FRANCISCO AREIAS, IVO RODRIGUES, JOSÉ MONTEIRO,
AMÉRICO PEREIRA
[email protected]
Arbeitskreis Heimischer Orchideen (AHO) Baden-Württemberg,
Runzstraße 6, D-79102 Freiburg, GERMANY
Recent contributions to the orchid flora of Portugal
Since publication of The Orchid Flora of Portugal in 1997 and its follow-ups until 2003, several new contributions were proposed, only
part of which have been published. Among these, are discoveries of
species that are indigenous in neighbouring Spanish territories (4 species), new localities of species that were already known in the country
(15 sp.), as well as reattribution of existing species to different taxa (1
sp.). In some instances, species anciently recorded in Portugal, but no
longer observed in recent periods, have been rediscovered (2 sp.). Even
more noticeable are five (sub-) species that were described as new for
Science, four of which are endemic to Portugal in the present state of
knowledge. Particular hybrid findings were also reported. Those discoveries result either from close examination of critical groups (e.g.,
Ophrys, Serapias or Epipactis), or from new prospections in poorly explored territories, mainly thanks to intense activities conducted by the
newly founded Portuguese Association for Spontaneous Orchids. Nowadays, 64 Orchid (sub-) species are known in (continental) Portugal.
The list is most probably not closed, since some critical groups would
deserve closer examination, especially in the genus Ophrys. The paper synthesizes the circumstances in which recent contributions were
made, and discusses possible areas for further research.
Session
A.b
World Orchid
Flora
Chair:
Daniel
Tyteca
Keywords:
Epipactis, new
species, Ophrys,
Portugal, Serapias
A6
PROGRAMME
47
Session
A.b
World Orchid
Flora
Chair:
Daniel
Tyteca
MIKE F. FAY, I. TAYLOR, B. SAYERS
[email protected]
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9
3DS, UNITED KINGDOM
British and Irish orchids in the
face of climate change
Climate change is likely to have an increasingly large effect on plant
distributions and frequency, with some species benefitting and some
declining as a result. Here we examine trends in the status of the orchids of Britain and Ireland and discuss potential winners and losers
in the face of climate change and other factors including species range
and changes in land usage. Different types of analysis identify different
species that are thriving (or likely to do so in the future) or that are
declining. Reasons for these apparent discrepancies will be discussed.
Keywords:
British Isles,
climate change,
Ireland
A7
48
TORC ‘15
EKATERINA ZHELEZNAYA
[email protected]
Timiryazev State Biology Museum
Malaya Gruzinskaya str. 15, 123242 Moscow, RUSSIA
The investigation of rare species
Cypripedium in some areas of
Siberia (Russia)
The study of populations of Cypripedium calceolus L., Cypripedium
macranthon Sw., Cypripedium ventricosum Sw. was carried out in 2009
- 2013 in different regions of Siberia. Populations of C. calceolus and
C. macranthon grow both alone and in combination with each other
and with their interspecific hybrid population C. ventricosum in areas
of the east of the European part, in the Middle Ural, in the south of
Siberia and the Far East of Russia. Plants of C. macranthon prevail in
sympatric populations of Cypripedium, which is apparently typical for
populations of these species in the central part of their distribution
in contrast to the more western habitats, where plants of C. calceolus
prevail. There are sympatric C. macranthon and C. ventricosum populations without C. calceolus, as well as isolated cenopopulations of C.
ventricosum are in Altai reserve. Hybrid plants could be formed as a
result of the transfer of C. calceolus pollen by pollinators to a great
distance. Periodic grassroots spring fires destroy young trees and undergrowth. As a result, the illumination in the forests increases, that
promotes the active vegetative reproduction and growth of the Cypripedium. The important factors determining the size and ontogenetic structure of Cypripedium populations are duration of the growing
season, ecological conditions, activities of pollinators, as well as, peculiarities of the relations of three species in sympatric populations.
Session
A.b
World Orchid
Flora
Chair:
Daniel
Tyteca
Keywords:
Cypripedium,
rare orchid
species,
Russia, Siberia
A8
PROGRAMME
49
Session
A.a
B.a
Orchid
Systematics
Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
MIKE F. FAY, Y. YAP, A. CHOCHAI, H. RANKOU
[email protected]
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9
3DS, UNITED KINGDOM
Slipper orchids - phylogenetics
and red lists
There are about 170 species of slipper orchids in five genera in Cypripedioideae, one of the five subfamilies comprising the family Orchidaceae. Here we present new results relating to the phylogenetics of the
two largest genera, Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium. In addition, red list
assessments for the species in these genera have been prepared as part
of a project to red list the whole subfamily. These assessments have
revealed shockingly high levels of threat to these charismatic species.
Keywords:
Phylogeny,
Slipper Orchid
B1
50
TORC ‘15
PAVEL TRÁVNÍČEK1,2,3, JANA JERSÁKOVÁ4, JAN PONERT3,5,
TOMÁŠ URFUS3,2, JAN SUDA3,2
[email protected]
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice,
CZECH REPUBLIC; 2Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic, Průhonice, CZECH REPUBLIC; 3Faculty of Science, Charles
University in Prague, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC; 4Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, CZECH REPUBLIC; 5Prague
Botanic Garden, Prague, Czech Republic CZECH REPUBLIC
Nuclear genome size estimation
in orchids – challenging task
with respect to progressively partial endoreplication
Conventional whole-genome endoreplication was observed in somatic
tissues of several orchid species but it is the incidence of progressively
partial endoreplication (PPE) what makes the group cytogenetically
unique. In contrast to genuine endopolyploidy, only part of the genome is duplicated during PPE. The proportion of partially replicated
genome varies extensively and ranges from 19% in Grammangis ellisii
from subfamily Epidendroideae to 94% in different species of Ophrys
(subfamily Orchidoideae). FCM profiles differed considerably between
different tissues of the same species, which has important implications
for the reliability of estimated DNA C-values. Nuclei with 2C content
were missing in several tissue types, most often in petals (46.7% of
the analyzed species), followed by leaf bases (23.4%) and leaf apices
(17.0%). Even if present, the number of 2C-nuclei in these tissues can
often be quite low and the corresponding peak might easily be overlooked. Orchids with PPE impose higher risk of genome size overestimation. In general, young ovary seems to be the most suitable tissue
for FCM estimation of genome size in orchids, particularly in species
with PPE. Ideally, the estimates should be verified by analysis of pollinia. At vegetative stage, root apices could be a viable alternative, although care must be taken that actively growing tissue is present.
Session
A.a
B.a
Systematics
Orchid
Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Epidendroideae,
nuclear genome, Ophrys,
partial endoreplication.
B2
Speaker is financially supported through Postdoc USB project no.
CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0006 realized through the EU Education for Competitiveness
Operational Programme
PROGRAMME
51
Session
A.a
B.a
Orchid
Systematics
Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Morphometrics, Ophrys,
phylogeny,
systematics
DANIEL TYTECA1, MICHEL BAGUETTE2
[email protected]
1
Biodiversity Research Centre (BDIV), Université catholique de Louvain,
1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Université catholique de Louvain, BELGIUM; Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Systématique, Evolution et
Biodiversité, Moulis, FRANCE 2
Ophrys systematics - when
molecular phylogenetics,
morphology and biology reconcile
Recent molecular phylogenetic investigation, including own research,
clearly point to ten well-defined clades within the large genus Ophrys.
Distribution of Ophrys into the ten clades is supported by important
synapomorphies. Based on our results, we propose to view two of the
clades as “Occidental” and “Oriental” fuciflora clades, to replace formerly advocated “fuciflora” and “scolopax” clades, respectively, which
correspond better to the observed distribution of samples, accounting
for their geographic origin. In this way, the proposed clades better
match the species groups adopted by Delforge and Devillers & Devillers-Terschuren. In the present state of research, consideration of
large sets of samples, covering the whole span of Ophrys variations,
leads to poor resolution in molecular phylogenetic approaches, especially in the most derived groups (i.e., fuciflora and sphegodes complexes). Because of this, some recent approaches (including Pedersen &
Faurholdt, and Henecke) attempt to simplify Ophrys systematics by
lumping and therefore strongly reducing the number of species. Other
approaches (including Paulus & coll., and Vereecken et al.), by stressing
morphology and pollination biology, would tend to favour a large species number, which is coherent not only with phenetic and biological
species concepts, but also with phylogenetic approaches, as shown by
better resolution obtained when concentrating on more focused groups
(e.g., Schlüter et al.). Building on this, we propose a classification of
Ophrys, incorporating Delforge’s groups and phylogenetic concepts,
which reconcile results of all three approaches. The resulting sets of
species can be easily identified and should be taken into account in
nature conservation.
B3
52
TORC ‘15
A. MASTROGIANNI1,2, SPYROS TSIFTSIS1, NATALIA PELTEKI1,
PANGIOTIS MADESIS, ANDREAS D. DROUZAS1
[email protected]
1
Laboratory of Systematic Botany and Phytogeography, 2Postgraduate
Studies Program “Conservation of Biodiversity and Sustainable Exploitation of Native Plants”, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, GREECE; 3Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for
Research and Technology-Hellas, Thessaloniki, GREECE
DNA barcoding of the Greek
endemic Epipactis species
The genus Epipactis Zinn. comprises numerous species in Europe and
among them seven recently described species are considered to be
Greek endemics. The taxonomic complexity within the species of the
genus, by a morphological point of view, led to the disputation of the
validity of these newly described taxonomic entities. Consequently, the
need for an additional identification tool was exigent. DNA barcoding
is aiming at the identification of a unique DNA sequence for each plant
species, leading to its unambiguous identification. In the present work,
the rbcL, matK and ITS2 barcoding regions were used to identify DNA
barcodes that support the classification of six of the Greek endemics
(namely E. heraclea, E. halacsyi, E. cretica, E. olympica, E. subclausa and E.
degenii) as separate species. E. atrorubens was included in this study so
as to check its differentiation with E. subclausa. Three to five specimens
from each species were used (with the exception of E. halacsyi with one
specimen in ITS2). The rbcL region proved to be highly conserved in
Epipactis, since no variation was found in any of the species studied.
In matK and ITS2 regions, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
were identified that were able to distinguish all six endemic Epipactis
species studied.
Session
A.a
B.a
Systematics
Orchid
Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
DNA-barcoding, DNA-sequencing,
Epipactis,
Greece,
phylogeny,
taxonomy
B4
PROGRAMME
53
Session
A.a
B.a
Orchid
Systematics
Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Algeria, France,
morphometrics,
Ophrys, Pseudophrys, taxonomy, Tunisia.
B5
54
ERROL VELA, KHELLAF REBBAS, GÉRARD DE PREMOREL, ROLAND MARTIN; JEAN-MARC TISON
[email protected]
University of Montpellier, UMR AMAP, CIRAD bât. PS2 – TA/A51, Bd de
la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez, Montpellier, FR-34298, FRANCE
Toward an operational on-thefield taxonomy: back to morphology? Example of Pseudophrys
from France, Algeria and Tunisia
Recent publication in France of two botanical floras (Tison, J.-M., Foucault, B. de 2014; Tison, J.-M., Jauzein P. et al. 2014) were opportunities
to develop operational systems for identifying on the field French species of the difficult genus Ophrys. Specific and infraspecific taxonomy
within the genus is extremely complex because of conflicting scientific
point of views (splitters vs. lumpers) and/or very partial insufficient
knowledge on specific features (pollination, floral chemistry, karyology,
phylogenetic). Due to the latter, we had to return to the field with an
aim in mind: to build an identification key based on observable morphological criteria in order to produce a pragmatic taxonomy useful
for non-expert botanists. We had to conserve only “morphospecies”
that were unambiguously identifiable with a serial of unique or combined diagnostic criteria. Within these “morphospecies” we propose
to consider as subspecies each set of populations sharing the same
geographical and ecological adaptation (e.g. specific pollinator, flowering time, etc.) but no morphological univocal criterion. This position is intermediate between those of the most splitter orchidologists
(Delforge, P., 2005) and the most lumper geneticists (Devey, D.S. et al.
2008), as brought by Pedersen & Faurholdt (Pedersen, H.Ae. et al. 2007,
Faurholdt, N. et al. 2009) but with a more complete solution. We present here the case of Pseudophrys section of the genus in the western
Mediterranean context (France, Algeria and Tunisia).
Delforge, P. (2005) Guide des orchidées d’Europe, d’Afrique-du-Nord et du Proche-Orient. 3e edition, Delachaux & Niestlé, Paris: 640.
Devey, D.S., Bateman, R. M., Fay, M. F., Hawkins J. A. (2008) Friends or relatives?
Phylogenetics and species delimitation in the controversial European orchid genus
Ophry. Annals of Botany, 101: 385-402.
Faurholdt, N., Pedersen, H.Ae., (2009) Flueblomster fra Marokko til Mellemøsten,
Orkidéslaegten Ophrys i Nordafrika og Levanten. Dansk Orchide Klub og forfatterne:
122.
Pedersen, H.Ae., Faurholdt, N. (2007) Ophrys, the bee orchids of Europe. Kew
Publishing, Kew: 297.
Tison, J.-M., Foucault, B. de (2014) Flora Gallica: Flore de France. Biotope édit., Mèze:
1195. Tison, J.-M., Jauzein, P. & Michaud, H. (2014) Flore de France, méditerranéenne
continentale. Naturalia publ., Turriers: 2078.
TORC ‘15
FABIANA ESPOSITO1, NICOLAS VEREECKEN2,
RISITA RINALDI3; DANIEL TYTECA1
[email protected]
1
Biodiversity Research Centre (BDIV), Université catholique de Louvain,
1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Université catholique de Louvain, BELGIUM;
2
Agroecology & Pollination Group, Université libre de Bruxelles, BELGIUM; 3Università di Napoli Federico II, Structural and Functional
Biology, ITALY
Mixed Platanthera populations: a
case of introgression or selective
pressure?
Two Platanthera species are widespread throughout Europe (P. bifolia
and P. chlorantha). Though very close genetically, and both being nectar offering, they exhibit significant morphological, phenological and
ecological differences. Moreover, particular floral characteristics would
normally prevent effective cross-pollination between both species, and
these specifically attract different moth species through emission of
different fragrances. However, situations where both species come in
contact are not rare, and at various locations apparently intermediate individuals are frequently observed. In most cases these have been
interpreted as hybrids between the two species. In this research, by
using a combination of DNA analysis, morphometrics, crossing and
self-pollination experiments, fruit set and seed viability analysis in
two mixed Belgian populations, we show that there is very little if at
all introgression, which implies that there are strong reproductive barriers between both species. Instead, there appears to be selective pressure, by which P. bifolia individuals tend to acquire P. chlorantha-like
characteristics, presumably enabling them to exploit pollinators of the
latter, and thereby benefit from its higher fruit set and reproductive
success. Fragrance analysis is still under way and is expected to show
the same selective pattern. Additionally, morphological, phenological
and ecological characteristics of P. bifolia individuals from mixed populations are shown to diverge significantly from those of individuals
found in pure P. bifolia populations, thereby supporting the hypothesis
of two different taxa.
Session
A.a
B.a
Systematics
Orchid
Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
DNA
sequencing,
introgression,
morphometrics,
Platanthera, selective pressure
B6
PROGRAMME
55
Session
A.a
B.a
Orchid
Systematics
Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Dactylorhiza,
Gymnadenia,
phylogeny,
Platanthera,
Pseudorchis,
seed micromorphology, SEM
ROBERTO GAMARRA, EMMA ORTÚÑEZ, IRIS ESPARZA,
PABLO GALÁN
[email protected]
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin,
2, E-28049 Madrid, SPAIN
Seed micromorphology in
“the Platanthera clade”
(Orchidaceae, Orchideae):
taxonomic significance
Micromorphological studies on seeds in the tribe Orchideae (Orchidaceae) have demonstrated their taxonomic value at generic or infrageneric level, on the basis of qualitative characters analysed by SEM.
Each genus has its own morphological pattern, defined by features as
seed shape, testa cells shape, patterns of ornamentation and morphology of the anticlinal and periclinal walls. These patterns are in strong
concordance with the conclusions obtained in molecular phylogenies
and the diversification processes occurred in complex genera. In a previous research, we analysed several species of the genus Platanthera
s.l. from Europe and North America, as the result two morphological
patterns were found, one of them for the taxa included in the genus
Limnorchis (=Platanthera sect. Limnorchis). Now, we present a study of
34 taxa belonging to the so-called “Platanthera clade”, one of the most
diverse groups of the tribe Orchideae in the Northern Hemisphere. All
the sections - or segregated genera, according to different authors - recognised in the genus Platanthera (Limnorchis, Gymnadeniopsis, Blephariglottis, Lacera, Tulotis, Lysias, Lysiella, Piperia and Platanthera) and the
closest genus Galearis (incl. Amerorchis) have been analysed. Main aim
of this study is primarily to complete our previous research analysing all the groups included in the “Platanthera clade”, and to compare
their seed micromorphology with those of related genera (Dactylorhiza,
Gymnadenia, Pseudorchis). Finally, we contrast our results with those
based on molecular phylogenies.
B7
56
TORC ‘15
ANKE JENSS, JASMIN JOSHI, ALEXANDER KOCYAN
[email protected]
Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and
Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2a, 14469 Potsdam,
GERMANY
Low genetic differentiation along
a North-South Transect in
Europe of Liparis loeselii
(Little Fen Orchid)
Among the many rare and endangered orchid species in Europe, Liparis
loeselii belongs to those taxa that deserve most attention by scientists
as without targeted conservation measures the taxon may reach its
verge of extinction. This mostly autogamous orchid occurs in fens
across Central Europe to the east in parts of Russia and the Ukraine and
in coastal dunes in Western and Northern Europe. One of the key information to formulate protection measures is data on the genetic composition within and between populations. Earlier studies from the United
Kingdom and Northwestern France revealed higher genetic variation
within populations than between populations, which did not allow a
geographically based distinction between populations. However, a distinction between populations from fens and coastal dunes was possible. Our study analysed the data of plants sampled on a transect from
Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Austria and Switzerland in total studying
33 populations. The two main questions addressed were: (1) are the
populations genetically distinct from each other when sampled along a
north-south transect? (2) are there phylogeographic patterns? Genetic
data were gained by applying AFLP methods. Minor genetic differences between populations of L. loeselii in Europe were observed (6 %), but
within populations genetic variation was much higher (94 %). Comparisons between northern populations showed higher percentage of
genetic differentiation among populations (9 %) than among southern
populations (1%). This indicates that L. loeselii may fit into the central
marginal hypothesis and abundant centre model suggesting that today’s
populations originated from refugial areas in the Alps.
Session
A.a
B.b
Population
Orchid
Flora
of Greek
Genetics
Islands
Chair:
Chair: F. Fay
Mike
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Europe, Liparis
loeselii, rare
orchid, phylogeny, phylogeography
B8
PROGRAMME
57
Session
A.a
B.b
Orchid
Population
Flora
Genetics
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F.
Chair:
Fay
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Conservation,
Eurasia, Malaxis monophyllos,
North America,
phylogeny,
phylogeography, rare orchid
B9
58
EDYTA JERMAKOWICZ, ADA WRÓBLEWSKA, EMILIA BRZOSKO,
BEATA OSTROWIECKA1
[email protected]
Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, PL-15950
Białystok, POLAND
Differentiation in the genetic
structure of the boreal-mountain
orchid Malaxis monophyllos (L.)
Sw. in its European range
The effective conservation of rare and endangered species requires the
knowledge about their biology, demographic processes and genetic diversity. It is especially important in the context of intensification of
habitat and climatic changes. In the varying world rare species are
expected to show low genetic variation within populations and high
differentiation between them due to isolation during long, ongoing
habitat fragmentation and other negative historical and recent factors. The main aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity
of Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. and to examine whether genetic diversity is associated with biological properties, demographic parameters
and ancient and recent colonization history. M. monophyllos is a rare,
boreal-mountain orchid, represented by naturally small and spatially
isolated populations in Eurasia and North America. Despite declining
of its localities in many regions, it successfully colonizes new, anthropogenic habitats. We analyzed forty-four M. monophyllos populations
distributed in European part of geographic range using AFLP markers.
We found, that genetic diversity at the population level were significant differentiated (P=0.19-0.48; H=0.11-0.17) and in the lot of cases
relatively high (P >0.40), but irrespective of population size (r=0.22,
p>0.05, Spearman’s rank correlation). It may reflect the M. monophyllos
presumably obligatory outcrossing pollination system. On the other
hand, genetic differentiation among populations was low (FST=0.075,
p<0.01), what can indicate historical links between nowadays isolated
populations. In general, genetic structure of M. monophyllos is strictly
connected with high spatial-temporal dynamics of its populations and
intensive, postglacial, multi-directional gene flow in European part of
range.
TORC ‘15
AIGI ILVES, MIRJAM METSARE, KADRI TALI, TIIU KULL
[email protected]
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University
of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, 51014, ESTONIA
Genetic diversity of Anacamptis
pyramidalis at the edges and center of its distribution range
Populations at the margins of the species` distribution range are often
smaller and more spatially isolated compared to centrally located populations. Therefore, the decline in within-population genetic variation
and increased differentiation among populations towards range edges are expected. We investigated the level and distribution of genetic
variation between 17 populations (collected from six countries) of a
terrestrial orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis, using dominant AFLP markers. Our study revealed no decline in genetic diversity in disjunctive
populations in Estonia at the northern border of the distribution area
of this species, nor in the populations locating at the southern edge of
the range, on Cyprus Island. Similarly, edge populations were not more
differentiated from each other than the central populations in Slovenia
and in Spain. Our results suggest that the amount of genetic variation
is determined by the size of populations rather than geographical location of this species.
Session
A.a
B.b
Population
Orchid
Flora
of Greek
Genetics
Islands
Chair:
Chair: F. Fay
Mike
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
AFLP markers,
Anacamptis
pyramidalis, Cyprus, Estonia,
Slovenia, Spain,
population
genetics
B10
PROGRAMME
59
Session
A.a
B.b
Orchid
Population
Flora
Genetics
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Mike F.
Chair:
Fay
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Barcoding,
Neotinea tridentata, Neotinea
ustulata, phylogeny, phylogeography
KAAN HÜRKAN1, KEMAL M. TAŞKIN2
[email protected]
1
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji
Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale, TURKEY; 2Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Çanakkale, TURKEY
Phylogeographic structure within the closely related orchids:
N. tridentata and N. ustulata
Our goal was to (i) confirm the phylogenetic structure, (ii) discuss to
have identical ribotypes and (iii) reveal hybridisation possibility of
closely related Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) and Neotinea ustulata (L.)
spread in the Mediterranean and extra–Mediterranean regions of Europe / Anatolia based on the nrITS and accD–psaI DNA sequences. Previously, we found that for both regions N. tridentata individuals have
different ribotypes while Mediterranean N. tridentata has identical ribotype with N. ustulata. Such lead us to hypothize that: (i) Mediterranean N. tridentata and N. ustulata species have identical preserved ribotypes, (ii) extra–Mediterranean and Mediterranean N. tridentata have
different ribotypes because of geographical isolations that prevents
gene flow between the species. We isolated DNA from leaf samples
of N. tridentata and N. ustulata from Turkey, Hungary, Czech Republic,
Romania, Italy, Greece, United Kingdom and Bulgaria collected during
flowering in 2014. To test phylogeny and hybridization, nrITS (biparental inheritance, accD–psaI), rapidly evolving chloroplast region, were
amplified by PCR (high fidelity Taq DNA polymerase) and purified fragments for DNA sequencing. The BLAST analyses showed that nrITS
and accD-psal are amplified error–free. We conducted phylogenetic
analysis for a data set consisting of genomic/plastid sequences and related sequences obtained from blast search against plant genomic databases using Maximum Parsimony method at MEGA6 environment.
Our Mediterranean and extra–Mediterranean N. tridentata individuals
are distributed on different clads of the phylogenetic tree. However,
Mediterranean distributed N. tridentata individuals placed on same the
clade with N. ustulata. We infer that Mediterranean originated N. tridentata and N. ustulata share a common hybridisation history.
B11
60
TORC ‘15
JULITA MINASIEWICZ1, MARC-ANDRÉ SELOSSE2,
EMILIA ŚWIĘCZKOWSKA1, JOANNA M. ZNANIECKA3
[email protected]
1
Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University
of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, PL-80308 Gdańsk, POLAND; 2Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle,
Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 ISYEB CP 50, 45 rue
Buffon, 75005 Paris, FRANCE; 3Department of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology,University of Gdańsk
& Medical University of Gdańsk, Kładki 24, Gdańsk, POLAND
Population genetic structure of
the mycoheterotrophic Epipogium
aphyllum Sw. in Europe
The Ghost Orchid (Epipogium aphyllum Sw.) is an Eurasiatic, mycoheterotrophic orchid species. Its rarity and generally elusive nature makes
the studies of its biology difficult. In order to infer processes shaping
the distribution of its genetic diversity and the biology of its reproduction, we compared spatial genetic structures for markers inherited
maternally (chloroplast) and biparentally (microsatellite) over the European range of E. aphyllum. In all, 109 samples from 17 populations
were screened for polymorphism at 7 microsatellite loci developed for
this study. Moreover, 55 samples were tested for sequence variation
at two cpDNA regions. Mean observed heterozygosity of E. aphyllum
(Ho = 0.357) was much lower than expected ones (He = 0.675). Genetic differentiation coefficient between populations was high (FST =
0.509) and no correlation between genetic and geographic distances
(r = -0.0028; p = 0.520) was detected. Founder events and subsequent
genetic drift seem to be the main factors shaping genetic diversity of
Ghost Orchid populations. In location where extensive sampling was
performed, asexual reproduction (via bulbils) prevailed with little or no
sexual recruitment. Implications of the study for conservation strategies are discussed.
Session
A.a
B.b
Population
Orchid
Flora
of Greek
Genetics
Islands
Chair:
Chair: F. Fay
Mike
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Epipogium,
Europe, mycoheterotrophy,
phylogeography.
B12
PROGRAMME
61
Session
A.a
B.a
C
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
ofStudies
Greek
Islands
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Achlorophyllous orchids,
albino orchids,
Cephalanthera,
Epipactis,
evolution,
mixotrophy,
mycoheterotrophy
MARC-ANDRÉ SELOSSE
[email protected]
Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 ISYEB CP
50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, FRANCE
Evolution to partial and full
mycoheterotrophy in orchids
Achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophs that exploit carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi arose repeatedly in orchid evolution. Intermediate evolutionarily steps exist, with green, photosynthetic orchids that also use
carbon from their fungal associates. In such mixotrophic orchids, the
rare survival of achlorophyllous individuals (albinos) further supports
mycoheterotrophic abilities. Understanding the reasons for rarity of
albinos is a key to identify crucial traits required to successfully evolve
mycoheterotrophy in orchids. We compared albinos with co-occurring
green individuals of mixotrophic, perennial orchids from the genera
Cephalanthera and Epipactis. They displayed (i) more frequent shoot
drying at fruiting, possibly due to stomatal dysfunctions, (ii) lower
basal metabolism, (iii) increased sensitivity to pathogens and herbivores, (iv) higher dormancy and maladapted sprouting, and, probably
due to the previous differences, (v) fewer seeds, with lower germination. Over the growing season, green shoots shifted from using fungal
carbon to an increasingly efficient photosynthesis at fruiting, when
fungal colonization reached its minimum. Conversely, achlorophylly
in fruiting albinos may contribute to carbon limitation, explaining the
above-mentioned trends. With a 103x fitness reduction in Cephalanthera
damasonium, albinos failed a successful transition to mycoheterotrophy because of maladaptive traits inherited from their recent green ancestors. One critical point, supported by our investigations on carbon
allocation in mixotrophic orchids, is that fungal carbon mostly supports belowground organs and survival, while photosynthetic carbon
mostly supports aboveground seed production. Thus, and a contrario
with albinos, successful transition to full mycoheterotrophy requires
joint evolution of several traits, and mixotrophy is evolutionarily meta-stable.
C1
62
TORC ‘15
GERHARD GEBAUER, JULIENNE M.-I. SCHIEBOLD,
KATJA PREISS, ANDREAS GEBAUER, ANDREAS MAKIOLA;
FLORIAN LENHARD
[email protected]
BayCEER – Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of
Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, GERMANY
How many green orchids are
partially mycoheterotrophic?
Based on their isotopic positioning between autotrophic non-orchids
and fully mycoheterotrophic orchids a couple of green-leaved orchids
have been elucidated during the last decade as gaining simultaneously
carbon from two different sources, own photosynthesis and fungal supply. This mode of mixotrophic carbon gain is called partial mycoheterotrophy (Gebauer, G. et al. 2003). All so far known partially mycoheterotrophic orchids are mycorrhizal with fungi simultaneously forming
ectomycorrhizas with forest trees, while the majority of green orchids
worldwide are mycorrhizal with fungi of the phylogenetic heterogeneous assemblage of rhizoctonias. Recent work has documented that
carbon and nitrogen isotope abundance is not suited to unequivocally
identify partially mycoheterotrophic species among rhizoctonia-mycorrhizal green orchids (Stöckel, M. et al. 2014). Here we provide an essentially new approach to identify species with partially mycoheterotrophic nutrition among rhizoctonia-mycorrhizal orchids. In addition
to carbon and nitrogen stable isotope abundance we analysed hydrogen
isotope abundance in dry tissues of a fully MH orchid, in green orchids
associated either with ectomycorrhizal fungi or with rhizoctonias, in
autotrophic reference plants and in sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal and
saprotrophic fungi growing together in the understory of a dark beech
forest and of a broad range of orchids and autotrophic reference plant
from sunny alpine meadows. It turned out that almost all orchids were
significantly enriched in heavy hydrogen isotopes irrespective whether
enriched in heavy carbon isotopes or not. Thus, partial mycoheterotrophy appears to be much more widely distributed among green orchids
than hitherto assumed.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
Mycorrhizal
Orchid
Systematics
Flora
of Greek
Studies
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Chair:
Marc-André
Spyros
Selosse
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
13
C, chlorophyllous orchids,
ectomycorrhiza,
isotopic analysis, mixotrophy,
mycoheterotrophy, 15N.
C2
Gebauer, G., Meyer, M. (2003) 15N and 13C natural abundance of autotrophic and
myco-heterotrophic orchids provides insight into nitrogen and carbon gain from fungal
association. New Phytol. 160: 209-223, doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00872.x.
Stöckel, M., Těšitelová, T., Jersáková, J., Bidartondo, M.I., Gebauer, G. (2014) Carbon
and nitrogen gain during the growth of orchid seedlings in nature. New Phytol. 202:
606-615, doi: 10.1111/nph.12688.
PROGRAMME
63
Session
A.a
B.a
C
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
ofStudies
Greek
Islands
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
13
C, carbon
nutrients,
ectomycorrhiza,
2
H, isotopic
analysis, mycoheterotrophy,
Rhizoctonia
C3
JULIENNE M.-I. SCHIEBOLD1, MARTIN I. BIDARTONDO2,
CHRISTIAN KEMNADE1, GERHARD GEBAUER1
[email protected]
1
BayCEER – Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of
Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, GERMANY; 2Imperial College London and
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew TW9 3DS, UNITED KINGDOM
Is a switch of carbon sources
under light-limitation a
general feature of partially
mycoheterotrophic orchids?
Partial mycoheterotrophy (PMH) is the ability of a plant to obtain carbon (C) and other nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi simultaneously to
autotrophy (Merckx, V. S. F. T. et al. 2013). Orchids associated with
ectomycorrhizal fungi show a clear interaction between light availability and the degree of PMH in which natural 13C isotope signatures
mirror an increase in fungal C gain with decreasing local light availability (Preiss, K., et al. 2010). Rhizoctonia-associated species such as
Cypripedium calceolus and Goodyera repens were shown to respond to
light limitation in a similar way as autotrophic species (Preiss, K., et
al. 2010; Liebel, H., et al. 2015). In this study we tested whether the
two orchid species Ophrys insectifera L. and Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff &
Fingerh. mycorrhizal with polyphyletic rhizoctonias show light dependency of PMH under natural light climate gradients analyzing natural
stable isotope abundances. O. insectifera and N. ovata were sampled
in a light-limited mixed deciduous forest and an open grassland site
with high irradiation in NE Bavaria. Leaf material of 12 orchid individuals per species and site and autotrophic non-orchid plants were
resampled three times during the growing period in 2012 while local
light climate was measured continuously next to the sampled orchid
individuals. We found a significant enrichment in 13C of O. insectifera
and N. ovata towards their autotrophic references at the forest location but not at the open grassland site elucidating that light limitation
stimulates PMH in both of these rhizoctonia-associated orchid species.
Interestingly, the two species were significantly enriched in 2H at both
sites indicating them to be partially mycoheterotrophic regardless of
microscale light climate.
Merckx, V. S. F. T. (2013) Mycoheterotrophy: An Introduction. In: V.S.F.T. Merckx
(ed.) Mycoheterotrophy: The Biology of Plants Living on Fungi. (Springer, New York):
297–342, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_1.
Preiss, K., Adam, I. K. U., Gebauer, G. (2010) Irradiance governs exploitation of fungi:
fine-tuning of carbon gain by two partially myco-heterotrophic orchids. Proc. R. Soc. B
277 1333–1336, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1966.
Liebel, H. , Bidartondo, M. I., Gebauer, G. (2015) Are carbon and nitrogen exchange
between fungi and the orchid Goodyera repens affected by irradiance? Ann. Bot. in
press), doi: 0.1093/aob/mcu240.
64
TORC ‘15
FÉLIX LALLEMAND1, MARC-ANDRÉ SELOSSE1,
TAKAHIRO YAGAME2
[email protected]
1
Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 ISYEB CP 50,
45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, 2FRANCE; Botanic Garden and Museum, Field
Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita 3, Nishi 8,
Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0003 Hokkaido, JAPAN
Full and partial mycoheterotrophy
in orchids based on saprobic fungi
Orchids display three types of mycorrhizal association. The vast
majority of green orchids associates with fungi from the rhizoctonia
aggregate (i.e. members of Tulasnellaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae and some
Sebacinales [1]) that are saprotrophic or endophytic in non-orchid
plants. Such orchids are likely autotrophs that reward their fungal
partners with carbon at adulthood. Some forest terrestrial orchids
evolved heterotrophy by exploiting carbon from their mycorrhizal
fungi (mycoheterotrophy): these fungi are either ectomycorrhizal on
surrounding trees, or, in tropical and wet forests, saprotrophic on dead
wood or in litter. An intermediate situation is found in green orchid,
mainly living in forests that partially rely on carbon from their fungi
(mixotrophy): these orchids, up to now studied in temperate forests,
associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi [2]. A green Epidendroideae,
the terrestrial Cremastra appendiculata (Calypsoeae [3]), growing on
very shaded forest floor, was discovered to associate with saprotrophic
Psathyrellaceae. Its low-light environment raises the question a
possible mixotrophy based on saprotrophic fungi. We tested this
hypothesis based on the expectation that this nutrition should enrich
orchids’ biomass in 13C.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
Mycorrhizal
Orchid
Systematics
Flora
of Greek
Studies
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Chair:
Marc-André
Spyros
Selosse
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
13
C, fungi,
Japan, mixotrophy, mycoheterotrophy,
mycorrhiza
C4
Dearnaley et al. (2012) in The mycota IX. Springer. Merckx (ed.) (2013
Mycoheterotrophy. Springer.
Yagame et al. (2013) Am. J. Bot. 100: 18
PROGRAMME
65
Session
A.a
B.a
C
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
ofStudies
Greek
Islands
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Dactylorhiza
majalis, mycorrhiza, carbon
nutrients, RTPCR, trehalase
JAN PONERT1,2, S. VOSOLSOBĚ1, K. ČIHÁKOVÁ1, H. LIPAVSKÁ1
[email protected]
1
Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles
University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Praha 2, CZECH REPUBLIC;
2
Prague Botanical Garden, Nádvorní 134, 171 00 Praha 7 – Troja, CZECH
REPUBLIC
Orchids utilize trehalose from
mycorrhizal fungi by the action
of trehalase
During early stages of development, orchid nutrition depends exclusively on mycorrhiza. The question remains, however, which compounds are transferred in mycorrhizae and what are their roles. To
address the question, we have tested the ability of Dactylorhiza majalis
protocorms to utilize different saccharides under in vitro conditions.
The results confirmed sucrose, fructose, glucose, raffinose, sorbitol and
trehalose as suitable compounds to provide energy and carbon skeletons for protocorm growth. The ability to utilize trehalose as the sole
energy source is unique among plants. Higher plants in general are
able to synthesise trehalose, nevertheless, most of them contain very
low amounts of this sugar and reserve it only for signalling purposes. The levels of trehalose and their derivatives are controlled, besides
other enzymes, also by trehalase, splitting it into two molecules of
glucose. In our experiments, the application of trehalase-specific inhibitor, validamycin A, to trehalose-supported asymbiotic cultures led to
nearly total inhibition of protocorm growth which indicates trehalase
activity being responsible for trehalose utilization in orchids. Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed high expression levels of trehalase in
trehalose-supported asymbiotic tissues and similarly in mycorrhizal
plant tissue. These data strongly support trehalose role in sugar transport from fungus to the orchid.
C5
The work was supported by grant GAUK 1598214 and SVV 260076 / 2014.
66
TORC ‘15
NINA V. SHEKHOVTSOVA, OLEG A. MARAKAEV,
KSENIYA A. PERVUSHINA, GEORGE A. OSIPOV
[email protected]
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Demidov Yaroslavl State
University, Sovetskaya str., 14, Yaroslavl, RU-150000, RUSSIA
The microbial complexes associated with tubers of temperate
orchid from Russia
The microbiota of temperate orchid from Northern hemisphere – Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat was studied at
first. There have been obtained detailed data concerning bacterial communities from rhizosphere and inner tissues of young and old tubers. It
was done using the biomarker analysis method where the markers were
detected by gas chromatography – mass-spectrometry. It is shown that
the number of bacterial genera and the bacteria amount (105 – 108 CFU
per gram of dry weight) in D. maculata microbial complexes decreases
from rhizosphere to old tuber to young. The rhizosphere is dominated
by Actinobacteria while in inner tissues Proteobacteria are prevalent.
Endophytic bacteria complexes of the tubers differ in structure too:
more numerous and diverse Actinobacteria mark the old tuber while
the young organ has bigger share of gg. Bacillus and Clostridium. The
results suggest that the endophytic bacteria in tubers originate from
rhizosphere. By means of plating on nutrient media there were isolated
three phyla of bacteria - Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria
which made up 103 CFU per gram of fresh tissue weight. The bacterial
genera associated with D. maculata detected by us can positively influence the plant by means of their exametabolites. It can be used for
strategic and tactical approaches to rare species conservation.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
Mycorrhizal
Orchid
Systematics
Flora
of Greek
Studies
Islands
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Chair:
Marc-André
Spyros
Selosse
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Actinobacteria,
conservation,
Dactylorhiza
maculata,
Firmicutes,
GC-MS,
microbiology,
Proteobacteria,
rhizosphere,
Russia, tuber
C6
PROGRAMME
67
Session
A.a
B.a
C
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
ofStudies
Greek
Islands
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Japan, morphometrics, orchid
metamere,
population
dynamics, Russia, shoot-root
module, vegetative/generative
parts, Ukraine.
IRINA TATARENKO
[email protected]
Moscow Pedagogical State University, M. Pirogovskaya St., 1, Moscow,
RUSSIA; Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes,
UNITED KINGDOM
Modular growth in orchid and its
implication in species population
biology
Modular growth of individual plants (repetitive formation of a certain
structural unit with the certain periodicity) insures the most effective
utilization of the space and the time for the species population in particular habitat. Morphology of 340 orchid species from 103 genera in
Russia, Ukraine and Japan, has been studied in terms of their modular structure using graphic-construction method (Tatarenko, 2015).
Native populations of about a half of those species were also surveyed
by measuring the population size, density, spatial and age structure.
The corresponding effect between species modular structure and its
population biology has been investigated. Orchids demonstrate very
consistent modular growth with a metamere as an elementary unit
(Gatsuk, 1974) – metamere module (MM), species-specific succession
of which is forming a basic module as an annual shoot with its root
system – shoot-root module (SRM). Functional (vegetative and generative) parts of the annual shoot could be allocated within the same SRM
or presented by two different SRMs: vegetative (VSRM) and generative (GSRM). Spatially, the population structure is determined by the
length of one or several basal MMs and, in some species, by elongation
of one or several terminal MMs during fruiting. Temporal population
relies on the time of the SRM being completed inside the bud and on
the size of the pool of buds of different orders. Timing of GSRM development in some species differs from VSRM growth which is important
to consider in population studies.
C7
Gatsuk, L.E. (1974) Gemma-axillary plants and a system of sub-ordinal units in their
shoots. Bull. MOIP, Otd. Biol. V. 79 (1): 100-113. (in Russian)
Tatarenko, I. (2015) Atlas of Root-Stem Modules of Orchids from Russia and Japan
Moscow.: Moderat.: 238. (in Russian)
68
TORC ‘15
JANA JERSÁKOVÁ1, JOHANNES SPAETHE2,
MARTIN STREINZER3, JOHANN NEUMAYER4,
HANNES PAULUS4, STEFAN DÖTTERL5, STEVEN D. JOHNSON6
[email protected]
1
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, 370 05 České Budějovice, CZECH REPUBLIC; 2Lehrstuhl für
Verhaltensphysiologie und Soziobiologie (Zoologie II), Biozentrum der
Universität, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, GERMANY, 3Department
of Neurobiology and 4Department of Integrative Zoology University of
Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA; 5Department of
Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, AUSTRIA; 6Department of
Biodiversity / Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of
Kwazulu-Natal, Pitermaritzburg, 3209 Scottsville, SOUTH AFRICA
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
Pollination
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Flora&
of Greek
Studies
Floral
DecepIslands
tion
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Evolution to partial and full
mycoheterotrophy in orchids
A phenomenon, when a plant species (the mimic) increases its fitness
by visual or olfactory resemblance of flowers of a rewarding plant species (the model) was termed Batesian floral mimicry. To distinguish
mimicry from chance similarity or convergence leading to pollination
syndromes, the study system must fulfill several conditions, e.g. both
mimic and model share same pollinators; pollinators do not differentiate a mimic from a model; the flowering phenologies and distribution of a mimic and a model substantially overlap; mimic occurs
in lower frequency than a model. The resemblance of a mimic to its
model must be evolutionarily derived and return fitness benefit (e.g.
increased fruit set). Due to implementation of modern tools from animal sensory ecology and behaviour into standard practice, such as
interpretation of spectral measurements of flowers via models of insect
and bird visual systems, and spectral analyses of floral scents coupled
with electroantennography, we start to understand better pollinator responses to floral signals, and strength and shape of selection exerted
by pollinators on flower traits. Our recent studies show that the most
important attractive floral trait in food-based mimicry systems is colour followed by flower shape and nectar guide patterns, while inflorescence architecture, brightness and scent chemistry seem to be of lower
importance. Our last study system, a deceptive orchid Traunsteinera
globosa supports the idea that many food-deceptive systems cannot be
unequivocally assigned to one of reproductive strategies and occupy
an intermediate position on the continuum between generalized food
deception and specific floral mimicry.
PROGRAMME
Keywords:
Batesian floral
mimicry, evolution, mycoheterotropphy
D1
69
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
C
Pollination
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
FloralofStudies
DecepGreek
Islands
tion
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Jana
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Entomophily,
ophrys, orchidaceae, network
theory
NINA JOFFARD1, JEAN CLAESSENS2, JACQUES KLEYNEN3, BERTRAND SCHATZ1
[email protected]
1
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS –
Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route de
Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, FRANCE; 2Moorveldsberg 33, NL-6243
AW Geulle, Netherlands; 3Kuiperstraat 7, NL – 6243 NH Geulle a/d Maas,
NETHERLANDS
What we can learn from orchidpollinator interactions network?
The Orchidaceae family is famous for its great taxonomic and floral
diversity, which may result from the very diverse orchid-pollinator
interactions. These interactions are often categorised into three main
pollination strategies (food reward, food deception and sexual deception) and are more or less specific. In particular, they are supposed to
be generalist in food rewarding and food deceptive genera while specific in the sexually deceptive genus Ophrys. Recently, Claessens and
Kleynen (2011) have compiled a great number of published data from
both scientific and grey literature and listed all known interactions
between European orchids and pollinators. Here, using concept and
tools from the network theory, we analysed these data by constructing
and comparing three interaction networks (one for each pollination
strategy). More specifically, our objectives were (i) to test the hypothesis that specialization degree increases from food reward to sexual
deception and (ii) to understand which ecological and evolutionary factors influence orchid-pollinator interactions. Our analysis shows that
although overall in agreement with expectations, the structure of the
three networks is less caricatural than previously thought. In particular, food rewarding species are less generalist that expected whereas
Ophrys-pollinators interactions are less specialised than expected or
at least very flexible in both space and time. Moreover, the network is
partially shaped by spatial and temporal distribution of orchid and pollinator species and by their phylogenetic relationships. Evolution and
conservation of European orchids and pollinators is discussed in the
light of this novel global viewpoint on orchid-pollinator interactions.
D2
70
TORC ‘15
HANNES PAULUS
[email protected]
Department of Integrative Zoology University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14,
A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA
What is the true Ophrys leucadica? Pollination biology investigations in Kefalonia and the eastern Mediterranean area
Delforge separated the two widely distributed fusca forms pollinated by Andrena
flavipes following Paulus in the western O. bilunulata and the eastern O. leucadica.
O. leucadica was described from Levkas and Kefalonia by Renz 1928 whereas O.
bilunulata was described from the environment of Nice in SE-France by Risso
1840. In many field studies all over the Mediterranean area Paulus could verify
this pollinator relationship for both taxa. Andrena flavipes as pollinator was found
in Portugal, Spain, North Africa (Tunesia), S-France, Italy, Malta and Sicily. Some
near related fusca forms could be found which are also pollinated by Andrena
flavipes: O. caesiella (Tunesia, Malta, South Sicily), O. obaesa (North-Sicily) and
O. zonata (Sardinia). These findings are interpreted as convergence evolution.
In a comprehensive DNA study Schlüter al (2010) and Paulus & Schlüter (2007)
could verify the species status as against many other near related fusca forms in
the eastern area. Nomenclature of the two taxa is not really clear because Renz
described two different taxa from the Ionian Islands: O. leucadica and O. punctulata. Deviller & Deviller-Terschuren () and myself considered O. punctulata to be
a synomym of O. leucadica. But flowers collected by Renz figured on a good plate
showed two different fusca types which are probably two different species. For
this reason it was necessary to find pollinators of these two types in Kefalonia.
During two trips we could find these two fusca types and see that these have two
different pollinators. The earlier blooming type with smaller flowers is pollinated
by Andrena flavipes and corresponds to what we believed to be O. leucadica in
the eastern mediterranean area. The later blooming form with larger flowers is
pollinated by Andrena fimbriata. But which of the two is the true O. leucadica?
As Deviller & Deviller-Terschuren (2004 ) had typified the larger form as O. leucadica and the smaller form as O. punculata we have to change the names used
up to now: O. leucadica Renz (new sense) is pollinated by Andrena fimbriata and
seems to be distributed on the Ionian Islands and possibly along the neighbouring western Greek mainland. O. punctulata Renz (= leucadica auct.) is pollinated
by Andrena flavipes and is widely distributed in the eastern Mediterranean area. It
is not distributed in Crete and most of the Cyclades, but common in the southern
Greek mainland, is very early blooming and also occurs along the eastern Aegean
Islands from Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Kos to Rhodos and Karpathos. These plants
are identical with those described from Chios as O. fusca ssp. sancti-isidorii.
Delforge, P. (1994): Note de synthèse sur la répartition des Orchidées des îles ioniennes (Nissiou ioniou, Grèce). - Les Naturalistes belges 75 (3), spécial „Orchidées“ nr 7: 109-118.
Devillers, P., Devillers -TERSCHUREN, J. (2004) Petits Ophrys du complexe d’Ophrys fusca
s.l. en Grèce occidentale. Les Naturalistes belges 85 (Orchid. 17): 247-249.
Paulus, H.F., Schlüter, P. (2007) Neues aus Kreta und Rhodos: Bestäubungsbiologie und
molekular-genetischen Trennung in der Ophrys fusca – Gruppe, mit Neubeschreibungen von
Ophrys phaidra Paulus nov.sp., O. pallidula Paulus nov.sp. und O. kedra Paulus nov.sp. aus
Kreta (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea)(News from Crete and Rhodes: Pollination biology
and molecular-genetical separations in the Ophrys fusca group). – 13. Wuppertaler Orchideen-Tagung am 11. und 12. November 2006, Jahresberichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen
Vereins Wuppertal 60: 101-151.
Schlüter, P.M., Ruas, P.M., Kohl, G., Ruas, C.F., Stuessy, T.F., Paulus, H.F. (2011) Evidence
for progenitor–derivative speciation in sexually deceptive orchids. Annals of Botany 108 (5):
895-906.
PROGRAMME
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
Pollination
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Flora&
of Greek
Studies
Floral
DecepIslands
tion
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Keywords:
Greece, ophrys,
pollination,
taxonomy
D3
71
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
C
Pollination
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
FloralofStudies
DecepGreek
Islands
tion
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Jana
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Campanula,
Cephalanthera
rubra, HSGC,
pollination,
olfaction,
rendezvous attraction, sexual
deception.
MANFRED AYASSE1, REBECCA SCHOLZ1, STEFAN DÖTTERL2,
WITTKO FRANCKE3, PAUO MILET-PINHEIRO1
[email protected]
1
Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, GERMANY;
2
Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, AUSTRIA;
3
Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, GERMANY
Pollinator attraction in the
deceptive orchid Cephalanthera
rubra (Orchidaceae)
Flowers of the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera rubra are believed to
mimic Campanula flowers and thereby attract Campanula-pollen specialist bees of Chelostoma rapunculi as pollinator. Since, however, mainly males of this bee are described to visit flowers of Ce. rubra, sexual
deception or rendezvous attraction are possible alternatives. Using
bioassays, colorimetric measurement of flowers, chemical and electrophysiological analyses, we aimed to clarify the pollination mechanism.
The bioassays evidenced that pentane extracts of Ch. rapunculi virgin
females but not of Ce. rubra flowers elicit copulation attempts by male
bees. Therefore we could exclude sexual deception. In further bioassays olfactory and visual floral cues of Ca. trachelium and Ce. rubra were
equally attractive to flower-naive male and female bees of Ch. rapunculi, and color measurements indicated a high similarity among flowers
of Campanula spp. and Ce. rubra. Finally, we identified in headspace
samples of Ce. rubra flowers eight compounds, including the spiroacetal (E)-conophthorin. This compound, rarely found as floral scent constituent, is quite common among Campanula species and is involved in
recognition of Campanula host flowers by the oligolectic Ch. rapunculi
bees. Our results comprehensively show that Ce. rubra is not pollinated by sexual deception, and that flowers produce visual and olfactory
floral cues of Campanula flowers to attract pollinators by mimicking
rendezvous flowers.
D4
Financially supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) and the AHO
Baden-Württemberg
72
TORC ‘15
HANNES PAULUS1, MONIKA HIRTH2
[email protected]
1
Department of Integrative Zoology University of Vienna, Althanstrasse
14, A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA; Arbeitskreis Heimischer Orchideen (AHO)
Baden-Württemberg, Runzstraße 6, D-79102 Freiburg, GERMANY
Ophrys phaseliana-parosica-theophrasti-merope or how many species are there? Pollination biological investigation of this high
variable fusca group
Since the description of a fusca form from the Cyclades under the name
O. parosica by Delforge (1995), many similar types with spotted macula area of the lip have been cited under this name for nearly all of
the eastern Aegean islands (from Kos to Lesbos). But because of the
large variability of many the types found together in Chios, Samos or
Kos, Delforge subdivided his parosica in different variants like parosica
var. parosica or parosica var. phaseliana. The more extreme types have
been described as different new species like O. pelinea (Chios), O. merope
(Kos) or O. theophrasti (Lesbos). By investigating many populations of
these conglomerate forms we were not able to find substantial differences or rather, all these types were found with transitions. To get a
better understanding of these forms we started a comprehensive investigation of the pollination biology. The results will be presented and
the consequences for the taxonomy will be discussed.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.b
Pollination
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Flora&
of Greek
Studies
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Hannes
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
Aegean Islands,
Ophrys, Ophrys
paarosica,
pollination,
taxonomy.
D5
Delforge, P. (1995) Les Orchidées des îles de Paros et Antiparos (Cyclades, Grèce).- Les
Naturalistes Belges 95 (Orchid. 8) 89: 144-221.
Delforge, P. (2009) Contribution à la connaissance des Orchidées de l’île de Kos
(Dodékanèse, Grèce).- Les Naturalistes Belges (Orchid.22) 90: 49-232.
PROGRAMME
73
Session
D.b
A.a
B.a
C
Pollination
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Reproductive
ofStudies
Greek
Success
Islands
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Hannes
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
Ecology, Epipactis helleborine, floral
scent, GC-EAD,
morphometrics,
GC-MS, pollination.
D6
74
JENNIFER DIETEL, MANFRED AYASSE
[email protected]
Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10/1,
Containerstaft, D-89081, Ulm, GERMANY
Speciation and pollination
ecology of the orchid Epipactis
helleborine
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae), the broad-leaved Helleborine occurs from North Africa to Asia and Europe. It attracts its
pollinator by partial deceit. The flowers emit so-called “Green Leaf
Volatiles” which normally are produced by plants attacked by herbivorous insects, such as caterpillars. Thereby they attract prey-hunting
predatory wasps for pollination. Epipactis helleborine plants are highly
diverse in the shape, size and colouration of their flowers, which led
to the description of 30 subspecies. We aim to shed light on the taxonomy and possible reproductive isolation mechanisms of the three
taxa Epipactis helleborine helleborine, Epipactis helleborine moratoria and
Epipactis helleborine minor. To do this, we use morphometrical, chemical and antennographical methods and conduct bioassays. The study is
performed at the natural habitat as well as in the lab under controlled
conditions. If in our investigations we deal with different species, isolation barriers should be present since by definition subspecies should
not occur in sympatry. Studies including both the plant’s mechanisms
to attract pollinators and the pollinators’ perception of those signals
have rarely been done so far but provide a more complete and thorough view on orchid-pollinator systems. So far, our results indicate
that the three taxa Epipactis helleborine helleborine, Epipactis helleborine
moratoria and Epipactis helleborine minor differ in their morphology as
well as in the composition of the floral scent. In a coupled analysis
of gas chromatography and electroantennography (GC-EAD), we were
able to find compounds in the floral scent that may play a role in the
attraction of the pollinator. Therefore, we used the antennae of Vespula germanica females. We found 13 more volatile substances in headspace samples of the floral scent of all three taxa. By using mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography (GC-MS), we were able to
identify the chemical structure of the compounds. The comparison of
the floral scent bouquet of the three taxa showed that it is, except for
a few substances, identical in its composition. The difference can be
found in the quantities of the EAD-active compounds. In bioassays
conducted with female V. germanica in the lab, we were able to show
that the pollinator can discriminate between the three taxa. However,
the wasps preferred the nominate form Epipactis helleborine helleborine.
This confirms the results of the chemical analysis and our hypothesis
that quantitative differences in the floral scent do play a role for the
attraction of the pollinator and may be (or become) an isolation barrier
which might lead to speciation.
TORC ‘15
ÉVA BIRÓS1, JUDIT BÓDIS1, T. NAGY1, A. TAKÁCS2, J. TÖKÖLYI3,
V.A. MOLNÁR2
[email protected]
1
Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia,
Georgikon Faculty, H-8360 Keszthely, Deák F. u. 16., HUNGARY; 2Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1.,
HUNGARY; 3Lendület Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of
Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, H–4032 Debrecen, Egyetem
tér 1., HUNGARY
Reproductive success of
Himantoglossum species
The Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of plants and can be
characterized with extreme plasticity. However, the population of some
orchids is decreasing. It is important to know which factors influence
the reproductive success of orchids, especially in the case of endangered species. Our aim was to quantify these factors and the reproductive success of orchids of key conservation importance. Three Himantoglossum species were studied in 2013: 4 Hungarian and 5 Croatian
populations of H. adriaticum, 3 Hungarian populations of H. jankae, 1
Bosnian population of H. calcaratum. The reproductive success rate of
the Hungarian H. adriaticum populations was higher than of Croatian
ones. The reproductive success of H. jankae was lower than 20% while
it was a little higher in the case of H. calcaratum (approx. 25%). Two
factors play important role in the fructification of Himantoglossum
species: there is positive correlation with the length of inflorescences,
while woody species has negative impact. In the case of H. adriaticum
shrubs influenced reproduction as well and the fructification of later
blooming flowers was significantly lower. The pollination by honeybee
was observed in all of the three Himantoglossum species. 174 hives
were located near the studied H. adriaticum population in Nagytevel
(Hungary), which resulted the highest fructification rate (61.7%) ever
recorded. The reproductive success of individual flowers was negatively related to their distance from the beehives, which proves the impact
of honeybees. Our findings show that apiaries could be applied effectively to increase fructification of rare orchids.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.b
Pollination
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Flora&
of Greek
Studies
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Hannes
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
Endangered
species, Himantoglossum,
rare orchid,
reproductive
success.
D7
PROGRAMME
75
Session
D.b
A.a
B.a
C
Pollination
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Reproductive
ofStudies
Greek
Success
Islands
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Hannes
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
Floral scent,
ecology, global
Orchis mascula, linalool,
α-pinene
D8
76
BERTRAND SCHATZ1, THOMAS FORT2, MAGALI PROFFIT1,
BRUNO BUATOIS1, LAURENT DORMONT1
[email protected]
1
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS –
Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route de
Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, FRANCE; 2Laboratoire Biodiversités,
gènes et communauté (Biogéco) UMR INRA, 69 route d’Arcachon 33610
Cestas, FRANCE
A global viewpoint of intraspecific
variation of scent emitted by the
orchid Orchis mascula
Chemical mediation plays a key role in the attraction of insect pollinators by orchids. However, most of the research studies that have
examined the variation in floral scents often focused on interspecific
comparisons. However, the pattern of intraspecific variation of scent
is a crucial point to be investigated because it modulates attraction
of pollinators. Moreover, variation of floral scent is often regarded
through the effects of one or a few number of environmental factors.
Here, we investigated the effect of numerous environmental factors
on the floral scent emitted by the nectarless orchid species Orchis mascula. A total of 128 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in 69 tested individuals. Only five VOCs were emitted in a relative
proportion greater than 5% of the whole bouquet. Scent composition
significantly varied with pollination, herbivory, flowering phenology,
flower number and habitat type, whereas absence of effects has been
observed for diurnal variation and floral color. In addition, significant
variation of floral scent with an environmental factor was always associated with particular VOCs: linalool was responsible for most of the
variation between receptive and pollinated flowers, while changes in
the relative proportion of alpha-pinene represent most of the variation
of floral scent following herbivory. Taken together, these results provide a novel viewpoint on scent variation at the intraspecific level and
on the various effects of biotic and abiotic environment. We also incite
comparative analyses on species sharing a distinct strategy of pollinator attraction to enhance our understanding of chemical mediation in
orchid-pollinator interactions.
TORC ‘15
KRISTI SOOTLA1, RANDO TUVIKENE2, TIIU KULL2,
RUTH SHIMMO2
[email protected]
1
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Tallinn UniversityTallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120 Tallinn, ESTONIA; 2Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu,
ESTONIA
Flower scent - flower colour associations in Gymnadenia conopsea s.l.
The reproduction mechanism of Orchidaceae is complex but rather
easily observable. Pollinators detect plants via scent at a distance and
by visual cues in close proximity. There might be a certain correlation between the flower colour and reproductive success. In most cases fruit set of white- and pale-flowered morphs is significantly lower
than that of typical ones. Plants with different flower colour may emit
scent that differs in compound composition and/or concentration: the
differences in scent compound emission may be related to mutations
in anthocyanin pathways. In searching for reasons of poor reproductive success in specimens with white and light-coloured flowers, this
work focuses on the possible scent components of three colour morphs
of G. conopsea, the possible differences between groups and correlation with flower colour. The scent compounds from the flowers of four
populations were collected by dynamic headspace sampling and from
labella by extraction in hexane. The samples were analysed with a
gas chromatography. In plant headspace samples, larger amounts of
α-pinene and benzaldehyde and fewer other compounds were found.
Almost all plants contained phenylacetaldehyde. Significant statistical
correlations were found between colour morphs and benzaldehyde and
decanal content. A scent from labella of G. conopsea was dominated
by benzyl benzoate and phenylacetaldehyde was found in labella of
all plants. Cinnamyl alcohol and p-cresol were abundant in labella but
absent in dynamic headspace samples.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.b
Pollination
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Flora&
of Greek
Studies
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Hannes
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
Anthocyanin
pathway, benzyl
benzoate, cinnamyl alcohol,
p-cresol, floral
scent, Gymnadenia conopsea,
HSGC, phenylacetaldehyde,
reproductive
success
D9
PROGRAMME
77
Session
D.b
A.a
B.a
C
Pollination
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Reproductive
ofStudies
Greek
Success
Islands
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Hannes
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
Amino acids,
Gymnadenia
conopsea,
HPAEC-PAD,
nectar, reproductive succes
PIETER GIJBELS, TOBIAS CEULEMANS, WIM VAN DEN ENDE,
OLIVIER HONNAY
[email protected]
Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Arenbergpark 31/ 2435, B-3001 Heverlee, BELGIUM
Experimental manipulation of
nectar amino acid content affects
pollinia removal, fruit set and
selfing in the orchid Gymnadenia
Conopsea
Floral traits have evolved to maximize pollinator attraction, pollination and plant reproductive success. Highly attractive floral traits may,
however, also increase the chance of self-pollination, which could be
detrimental for plant fitness through inbreeding depression. Whereas
the abundance of floral nectar is known to strongly affect pollinator
attraction and plant reproductive success, the particular role of a key
nectar component, the nectar amino acids (AAs), is poorly known. We
experimentally examined how changes in nectar amino acid content
and composition affect the degree of selfing and the reproductive success in the Lepidoptera pollinated orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Nectar
content and composition was experimentally modified through adding
fertilizer, and quantified through high performance anion exchange
chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD).
Mixed models were then used to relate AA content and composition
to pollinia removal, fruit set, seed set and degree of selfing. Fertilized
individuals had a significantly higher nectar AA content and an altered
AA composition. They also had significantly more pollinia removed
and higher fruit set, whereas control plants that did not receive a fertilization treatment had significantly higher seed set and less selfed
seeds. Results showed that increased nectar AA content improves pollinator visitations but simultaneously alters pollen transfers, resulting
in both increased fruiting success and increased selfing. Our results
also indicate new potential consequences of nutrient pollution.
D10
78
TORC ‘15
KADRI TALI, MIRJAM METSARE, AIGI ILVES, TIIU KULL
[email protected]
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu,
ESTONIA
Four seed quality measures in
orchids with different pollination
systems
One of the hypotheses to explain deception in orchids is the advantage
of promoting cross-pollination. If this means that nectariferous species
could be more adapted to geitonogamous selfing, the quality of the
seeds should reveal that. We tested four different seed quality measures in deceptive Orchis militaris and rewarding Platanthera chlorantha. Seed number for both species showed lowest values in geitonogamous fruits. As different from P. chlorantha, viability and germination
did not show any difference in treatments showing that although there
is low fruit-set in deceptive orchids, seeds are capable to germinate
with the same success. Seed number and seed abortion correlated well
and so did viability and germination in vitro which shows that these
two stages are controlled by different mechanisms: dormancy seems to
be a very powerful filter in keeping down seeds potential to recruit independent of pollination treatment. Therefore, seed number and even
seed abortion rate alone cannot be proxies for reproductive output.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.b
Pollination
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Flora&
of Greek
Studies
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Hannes
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
In vitro
germination,
Orchis militaris,
Platanthera
chlorantha,
pollination
syndrome,
reproductive
success.
D11
PROGRAMME
79
Session
D.b
D.a
A.a
B.a
C
Pollination
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Floral
Reproductive
ofStudies
DecepGreek
Success
Islands
tion
Chair:
Chair:
Mike F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Hannes
Spyros
Jana
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Paulus
Keywords:
Dactylorhiza
fuchsia, deception, Poland,
pollination,
reproductive
success
D12
80
IZABELA TAŁAŁAJ, EMILIA BRZOSKO, ADA WRÓBLEWSKA,
BEATA OSTROWIECKA, MICHAŁ SKIERCZYŃSKI
[email protected]
University of Białystok, Institute of Botany, Świerkowa 20B Street, 15-950
Białystok, POLAND
How effective is breeding system
and pollination biology in reproductive success of deceptive
orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii
(Druce) Soó
Reproductive success is one of the most important parameters enabling the amount of populations’ viability and their persistence in
time. We investigated two populations of Dactylorhiza fuchsii localized in the Białowieża and Biebrza Valley Forests (NE Poland). In
both sites we found self-compatibility within the same flower (76100% of fruit set from induced autogamy) and within the same inflorescence (reaching 73-100% of fruit set from induced geitonogamy).
We recorded rare events of spontaneous autogamy due to caudicle
bending movement. We also noted the high level of cross-compatibility (77-100% of fruit set from induced xenogamy). Despite the same
potential of breeding in the both populations, reproductive success
was more differentiated and determined by different breeding system resulting from the availability of different groups of pollinators.
Although, the levels of the male reproductive success were similar
(66,7% ±18,34 and 77,6% ±16,37 of pollinia removal) female reproductive success differed significantly between the populations. The
lower level of 29,0% ±19,83 of fruit set we noted in the population
where cross pollination is the most significant breeding system (the
same distribution of fruiting-controlled cross-pollination and natural
pollination). The higher level of fruit set (47,2% ±17,19) was recorded in the population with mixed-mating, where natural fruit set was
significantly higher compared to emasculated cross-control plants
(χ 2=54,61; P<0,0001). We performed detailed analyses of male and female reproductive success in the context of availability and foraging
behaviour of pollinators in the particular sites.
TORC ‘15
BIJAYA PANT
[email protected]
Central Dept. of BotanyCentral, Institute of Science and Technology,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Post Box 26429, Kiritipur, NEPAL
Medicinal orchids of Nepal: Their
ex situ and in situ conservation
practice in some selected community forests of Nepal
Medicinal orchids are important plants in terms of their conservation
and from a commercial point of view. Out of estimated 457 species
of orchids in Nepal, 90 species have been reported as having a beneficial medicinal value. A wide range of chemical compounds such
as alkaloids, bibenzyl derivatives, flavonoids, phenanthrenes, and terpenoids have been reported in many orchid species. However, extensive research on their medicinal benefits and application is further
required. On the other hand, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, over
exploitation and illegal trade has invited to a serious challenge in
conservation of medicinal orchids. Conservation of medicinal orchids
is an important issue that should be seriously considered by both
government and private sectors in participation with research institutions, non-governmental organizations and community growers.
The Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University (CDB, TU)
has started storage of germplasm and ex situ conservation of some
threatened but also commercially important medicinal orchids. Various techniques of in vitro culture have been applied for the mass scale
propagation and germplasm conservation of more than 30 species of
medicinal orchids. More species of orchids are under investigation.
Phyto-constituents analysis, in order to justify the medicinal properties and genetic homogeneity by using different molecular tools, has
been applied in some selected orchids. We have started an education,
awareness and species restoration programme in participation with
the Community Forest Users (CFUs) of orchid rich areas.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Greek
DecepIslands
tion
of Native
Chair:
Orchids
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Keywords:
Bioactive compounds, medicinal orchids,
ex situ / in situ
propagation,
conservation,
Nepal
E1
PROGRAMME
81
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
tion of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Chair:
MikeOrchids
F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Keywords:
Conservation,
destruction,
habitat, Salep,
Turkey
EKREM SEZİK
[email protected]
Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy
and Phytotherapy, Kayışdağı, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Ministry of Agriculture,
TURKEY
Salep and the destruction of
Turkish orchids
Turkey is a country rich in terrrestial orchids. There are approximately 160 orchid species in Turkey, most of them tubereous. Tuberous
orchids have been used to produce Salep since centuries. In Turkey,
Salep powder is used to prepare either ice cream or a hot drink together with milk. Most of the tubereous orchids (90%) are used to
obtain Salep in Anatolia. Around 120 species belonging to the genera
Ophrys, Orchis, Himantoglossum, Serapias, Anacamtis, Comperia, Barlia,
Dactylorchiza, Aceras, Neotinea are used to produce Salep in different
regions of Anatolia. Every year approximately 50-60 tons of Salep are
obtained and used for domestic purposes. That means around 100120 million orchids have been destroyed. The richest orchid area is
Muğla in the Antalya Region. Most of the Ophrys, Orchis and endemic
species are found in this Region. For such reason, many endemic orchids are destroyed in this area. It has been determined that Salep
production provides less benefit to the peasants than the traders. On
the other hand it has been demonstrated that the preparation of icecream and warm milk drinks may be possible without using Salep
by exhibition of samples on the market. It has been stated that the
ban of Salep production will stop the destruction and also fulfill the
requirements of the CITES agreement.
E2
82
TORC ‘15
YASEMIN KEMEÇ, KAAN HÜRKAN, CÜNEYT AKI
[email protected]
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Institute of Natural and Applied
Sciences, Department of Biology, Çanakkale, TURKEY
In vitro pollen cluster and pollinium germination attempts on
some Salep orchids
In this study, in vitro germination capabilities of pollen cluster and
pollinium of the taxa Ophrys mammosa (Desf.), Orchis provincialis
(Balb.), Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase
subsp. morio, Orchis simia (Lam.) and Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M.
Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase were studied on three different
media; Knudson (KN), Orchimax (ORC) and the medium described
by Malmgren (SV). Around 120 orchid taxa including genera Aceras,
Anacamptis, Balia, Dactylorhiza, Himantoglossum, Neotinea, Ophrys, Orchis and Serapias are being used to make Salep on different places in
Anatolia. Therefore, these orchid genera are under pressure of excessive collection from nature (20–30 millions of orchids for 20 tons of
Salep per year). Since certain taxa are used to make Salep (or have
potential to be used as Salep), they were used as study material. The
significances of this study are i) to conserve species as basis for Salep,
ii) to reduce orchid collection from nature, and iii) for a sustainable
utilization. It was hypothized that, i) there are differences on pollen
cluster and pollinium germination among taxa, and iii) there are differences on pollen cluster and pollinium germination among media,
as KN, ORC and SV, of each studied taxa. According to the results
of Tukey and Dunnett T3 statistic tests, in terms of pollen cluster
germination rates, the best germination was observed on O. mammosa by 55% and ORC was the most successful medium by 50.5%.
When pollinia germination was investigated, the best rate was observed on O. mammosa by 69% among the studied taxa. The medium
SV was the best germinative by 61.3%. In conclusion, for the second
hypothesis, for pollen cluster while O. provincialis and A. morio subsp.
morio support it, O. mammosa, O. simia and N. tridentata don’t. For
pollinium while O. provincialis and O. simia support it, O. mammosa, N.
tridentata and A. morio subsp. morio don’t. Hypotheses “i” and “ii” is
supported both pollen cluster and pollinium. Propagation of orchids
using in vitro germination techniques may well be applied in conservation efforts. The development of such a method of studied taxa in
this research points to the fact that this is possible and should serve
as encouragement for others to devise procedures for additional species. According to the results, it can be suggested that the taxa which
are being destroyed by the collection of Salep can be reintroduced
to nature by in vitro propagation techniques. Such research on the
propagation of orchids would be particular useful the reintroduction
of rare, endangered and endemic species in Turkey, as has been done
successfully previously for Military and Fen Orchids in Great Britain.
PROGRAMME
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Greek
DecepIslands
tion
of Native
Chair:
Orchids
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Keywords:
Conservation,
in vitro germination, pollen
cluster, pollinium, Salep,
Turkey
E3
83
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
tion of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Chair:
MikeOrchids
F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Keywords:
Antioxidant
activity, bioactive compunds,
cosmetics,
ethnopharmacology, floral
scent, GC-MS,
HPLC-DAD,
HS-SPME, medicinal orchids,
Mexico, monoterpenes
LUICITA LAGUNEZ-RIVERA1, RODOLFO SOLANO-GÓMEZ1, L.F.
CUEVAS-GLORY2
[email protected]
1
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación
para el Desarrollo Integral Regional unidad Oaxaca. Hornos 1003,
Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, C.P. 71230, Oaxaca, MÉXICO; 2Departamento de
Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica del Instituto tecnológico de Mérida, Av.
Tecnológico km. 4.5 S/N, Mérida Yucatán, 97118 MÉXICO
Prosthechea karwinskii, an endemic Mexican orchid and their
antioxidant compounds
In Mexico, native orchids are appreciated for their ornamental value
and traditional uses and in many indigenous communities they comprise part of a biocultural heritage. The orchid Prosthechea karwinskii,
is endemic to Southern Mexico where it grows as an epiphyte in oak
or pine-oak forests. This plant has showy yellow flowers with a very
pleasant aroma; also it is particularly relevant because their medicinal
and other traditional uses by indigenous peoples from Oaxaca, Mexico,
showing a promising future for ethnopharmacological. The goal of this
study was detect antioxidant molecules present in the endemic Mexican orchid P. karwinskii. The volatiles of P. karwinskii fragrance were
identified by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using
a gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Separation and detection of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was
performed by HPLC-DAD. The fragrance of P. karwinskii consists mainly
of β-caryophillene, nerol, linalool, myrcenone, ipsdienol, and limonene.
Most of these compounds are monoterpenes and some of they are
widely used in cosmetic and perfume industries. On the other hand,
the analytes with the highest concentration present in P. karwinskii
extracts were hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and apigenin-7-glucoside, all
they are compounds known for their good antioxidant properties. The
compounds detected in this study reveal a promising potential of this
species in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and perfume industries.
E4
84
TORC ‘15
LUICITA LAGUNEZ-RIVERA1, RODOLFO SOLANOGÓMEZ1, VIRIDIANA MORALES-SÁNACHEZ2, XÓCHITL
PANTALEÓN-BAUTISTA1, NICOLÁS JUÁREZ-RODRÍGUEZ3
[email protected]
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación
para el Desarrollo Integral Regional unidad Oaxaca. Hornos 1003, Santa
Cruz Xoxocotlán, C.P. 71230, Oaxaca, MÉXICO; 2Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Edificio de Bioquímica y
Farmacia, Laboratorio 124, Edificio A, Laboratorios 1E/F. Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510. México D.F., MÉXICO; 3Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla
Gutiérrez, carr. Panamericana km 1080, C.P. 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez,
Chiapas, MÉXICO
1
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Greek
DecepIslands
tion
of Native
Chair:
Orchids
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Characterization of the volatile
compounds of the orchid
Prosthechea varicosa
Orchids are an appreciated group of plants due their showy flowers
and aromas that they produce. In Mexico some orchids are used in
traditional medicine, so they have potential for other uses in addition
to the ornamental one; however, few species have been assessed so
far. Prosthechea varicosa is a Mesoamerican orchid that grows as epiphyte but sometimes as terrestrial, in pine and oak forests between
2000 and 2900 m elevation. It is an aromatic orchid that requires
further research in order to evaluate its potential in pharmacology,
perfumery and cosmetology. Here we analyzed the chemical composition of its floral aroma using a micro-extraction with headspace
solid-phase and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
with a time-of-flight analyzer. Fifteen volatile compounds were identified, mainly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and irregular terpenes;
most are reported in other Prosthechea species or in closely related
genera, so they can be useful as chemotaxonomy markers. Ipsdienol,
isomyrcenol, and carveol were the most abundant compounds. Four
compounds were unknown for Prosthechea (isomyrcenol, carveol,
(S)-cis-verbenol, p-mentha- 1(7),8(10)-dien-9-ol). Most volatiles are
constituents of the essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities; its presence in P. varicosa provides a glimpse of the potential of
this orchid in pharmacological researches.
PROGRAMME
Keywords:
Chemotaxonomy, floral
scent, GC-MS,
HS-SPME,
medicinal orchids, Mexico,
monotrepenes,
pharmacolocical active
compounds,
Prosthechea,
sesquiterpenes
E5
85
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
F
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Population
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
Dynamics
&
tion
of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Determinants
Chair:
MikeOrchids
F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Pavel
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Abiotic /
biotic factors,
biogeography,
conservation,
population
dynamics
PAVEL KINDLMANN1,2, ZUZANA ŠTÍPKOVÁ1
[email protected]
1
Department of Theoretical Ecology, Global Change Research Centre,
AS CR, Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC; 2Institute for Environmental Studies,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
Is orchid geographical distribution determined by their metapopulation dynamics?
Efficient allocation of conservation resources will be achieved only
if the priorities for biodiversity conservation are correctly defined.
Proper habitat in terms of its biotic and abiotic conditions is a necessary condition for orchid survival. However, in many cases, we find
a seemingly suitable habitat and no orchids. This may happen due
to several reasons. First, we may be missing some important factors
(e.g. absence of mycorhizal fungi). Second, absence of orchids may
be due to isolation of the site and subsequent low recolonisation, if
the local population goes extinct – so it may be a consequence of
metapopulation dynamics of the species. Third, absence of orchids
may be due to history of the site – e.g., orchid population may have
been destroyed here due to overfertilization or other types of human
influence. Fourth, the site may be wrongly managed – e.g. absence of
mowing. These four factors may act in synergy. Several hundred of
orchid sites known from both recent and old literature were examined to test the above hypotheses. Results indicate that contemporary
management type may be the most important factor.
F1
86
TORC ‘15
MICHAEL J. HUTCHINGS
[email protected]
Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex,
Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9QG, UNITED KINGDOM
Weather, climate and Ophrys
sphegodes: the present, the past
and a disturbing glimpse into the
future
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
F
Population
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Dynamics
Greek
Decep&
Islands
tion
Determinants
of Native
Chair:
Orchids
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Pavel
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Kindlmann
Ophrys sphegodes (early spider orchid) is among the most threatened
orchid species in the British flora, having suffered a national range
contraction of over 80% in the late twentieth century. This talk presents insights relevant to conservation of this species gained from
analysing data collected during a long-term (1975-2006) study that
monitored individualand population-level behaviour. The following
topics will be addressed:
•
the effects of weather conditions in the twelve-months before
flowering on population behaviour and timing of flowering
•
comparison of the effects of weather on flowering time during
the monitoring study, and its effects on flowering time as revealed by herbarium specimens of O. sphegodes collected since
1850. The close correspondence between the two suggests that
specimens stored in herbaria and museums are a valuable resource for predicting the effects of climate change on the phenology of events such as flowering time
•
the possibility of climate warming disrupting the essential synchrony between flowering time in O. sphegodes and flight time
of its pollinator, the solitary bee Andrena nigroaenea. Although
ecologists have predicted that climate change will disrupt relationships between co-dependent species, this study provides
the first demonstration of such an effect based on extensive data
and rigorous analysis. It suggests that pollination of O. sphegodes
will suffer a severe decline as the climate continues to warm,
raising serious concerns over the long-term future of this species in the UK, even if sites where it occurs can be managed in
ways appropriate for its conservation.
PROGRAMME
Keywords:
Andrena
nigroaenea,
conservation,
long-term
study, Ophrys
sphegodes, British Isles.
F2
87
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
F
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Population
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
Dynamics
&
tion
of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Determinants
Chair:
MikeOrchids
F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Pavel
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Bayesian model, conservation, Island of
Corsica, longterm study,
population
dynamics
F3
88
HÉLÈNE VOGT-SCHILB1,2, ROGER PRADEL1,
PHILIPPE GENIEZ1, LAETITIA HUGOT3, ALAIN DELAGE3,
FRANCK RICHARD1, BERTRAND SCHATZ1
[email protected]
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS
– Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route
de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex5, FRANCE ; 2Biotope, 22 boulevard
Maréchal Foch, 34140 Mèze, FRANCE; 3Conservatoire Botanique National
de Corse, 14 Avenue Jean Nicoli, 20250 Corte, FRANCE
1
Temporal dynamics of orchids in a
27-year long interval in Corsica, a
study based on a Bayesian multispecies site-occupancy model
Shifts in biodiversity distribution patterns due to habitat changes
are of immediate concern in Mediterranean regions. Long-term diachronic surveys are requested to monitor these community dynamics and to address conservation challenges. We investigated these
questions applied to orchids in Corsica Island where there are both
a fast change in land use and a high diversity of orchids, including
endemics. Using two field surveys carried out at 45 sites in Corsica
and separated by a 27 year-long interval, we estimated the colonization and the survival probabilities of 37 orchid species, evaluated the
impact of changes in vegetation cover (VC) on the dynamics of orchid
communities at the local scale and predicted orchid
diversity at the regional scale (i.e. for all sites). Our analysis was
performed using a Bayesian multispecies site-occupancy model that
took into account the unequal detectability of species. Between 1982
and 2011, VC changed in 82.2% of sites (increase, 75.5%; decrease,
6.7%). Colonization probability of orchids was both significantly lower than survival probability and negatively related to VC increase. At
regional scale, no significant differences were observed in terms of
species richness and composition amongst sites and in regard to VC
increase. The results demonstrate that asynchronous vegetation dynamics drive marked and contrasted changes in orchid communities
at the local scale, which in turn makes possible the maintenance of
the diversity at larger scale.
TORC ‘15
ZUZANA ŠTÍPKOVÁ 1,2, PAVEL KINDLMANN1,2,
IVA TRAXMANDLOVÁ1
[email protected]
1
Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science, Bělidla 986/4a,60300
Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC; 2Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of
Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
Determinants of orchid species
diversity
It is well known that the number of orchid species depends on the size
and latitude of the site. When all sites in a region are considered, then
it can be expected that sites highly connected with other sites are
likely to host more species than isolated ones, because the probability
of colonization of a site is likely to be positively correlated with its
connectivity to other sites. This has been tested for islands as orchid
sites, but should also hold for sites within a continent. Probability of
occurrence of an orchid species can also be affected by the history of
locality. Orchids are more likely to occur in anthropically unaffected
sites. The effect of anthropic disturbance can decline in time because
the locality can return to natural state and can be recolonized from
surrounding living populations. Here we test the following hypotheses: 1) The probability of occurrence of a single terrestrial orchid
species depends on connectivity of the locality. 2) The probability of
occurrence of a terrestrial orchid species depends on history of the
locality. The study was performed in South Bohemia area on five most
abundant orchid species. We used existing historical and recent databases of terrestrial orchid species occurrence in the selected area.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
F
Population
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Dynamics
Greek
Decep&
Islands
tion
Determinants
of Native
Chair:
Orchids
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Pavel
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Anthropogenic
determinants,
Bohemia,
conservation,
population
dynamics
F4
PROGRAMME
89
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
F
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Population
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
Dynamics
&
tion
of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Determinants
Chair:
MikeOrchids
F.
Fay
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Pavel
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Kindlmann
DENNIS F. WHIGHAM1, MELISSA K. McCORMICK1,
JOHN P. O’NEILL1, RACHEL ROCK-BLAKE2, JASON APPLEGATE3,
ROBERT FLOYD4, HOPE BROOKS5
[email protected]
1
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, MD
2114, USA; 2Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University
of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs CT 06269-3043, USA;
3
Environmental & Natural Resources Division Directorate of Public Works,
19952 North Range Road, Building 1220, Fort A.P. Hill, VA 22427, USA;
4
Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands (CEMML), Colorado State University, Colorado State University, 1490 Campus Delivery,
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1490, USA; 5Department of Plant Sciences, The
Pennsylvania State University, 424 Agricultural Sciences and Industries
Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Isotria medeoloides (Small whorled
Pogonia) – understanding the factors
responsible for the performance of plants
in declining populations of a species that
is listed as Threatened in the U.S.
Keywords:
Abiotic / biotic
factors, conservation, ectomycorrhizal
fungi, germination, Isotria
medeoloides,
threatened
orchid
F5
90
Isotria medeoloides (Small Whorled Pogonia) is listed Federally as a threatened
species in the eastern U.S. that occurs from Maine to Georgia. Populations in
the southern part of the species range are typically smaller and many of have
been declining. For years we have conducted field and laboratory studies of
the species, primarily at two sites in Virginia. We have identified two factors
that are associated with high rates of plant dormancy and population declines:
low light availability and low abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil. We
initiated a canopy thinning study at one site to investigate the effects of increased light availability on I. medeoloides, replicating a study in New England
that showed that increasing light levels resulted in a positive response of I.
medeoloides plants. Preliminary results suggest that thinning has improved
population performance. We have conducted laboratory and field-based germination studies, thus far unsuccessful, but have found that embryos remain
viable for at least five years. We have identified ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with I. medeoloides and have used molecular techniques to identify the
trees that host the fungi and factors that affect their abundance. Different ectomycorrhizal trees (e.g., Fagus grandifolia, Quercus spp, Carya spp.) host species
of Russula and Lactarius that associate with I. medeoloides. The likelihood of
dormancy in a particular year reflects the abundance of Russulaceae fungi
on ectomycorrhizal tree root tips surrounding I. medeoloides plants and in the
soil. This suggests the possibility that I. medeoloides may enter dormancy when
mycorrhizal fungi are insufficiently abundant to support emergence aboveground, particularly when light availability is low. One important finding
from monitoring efforts is that very few individuals developed aboveground
shoots for more than two consecutive years and even fewer have successfully
produced fruits during the course of this project. The research has identified
critical issues that need to be addressed further: 1.What are the causes of dormancy? 2. How long can plants remain dormant before they either die or reappear aboveground? 3. What factors enable plants to emerge from dormancy to
produce aboveground shoots following a period of dormancy? 4. What factors
are responsible for the low rates of flower production within populations?
TORC ‘15
ZDENĚK IPSER1, JANA JERSÁKOVÁ1, HANS JACQUEMYN2,
SASCHA VAN DER MEER2
[email protected]
1
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05
České Budějovice, CZECH REPUBLIC; Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity
Conservation Section; 2Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 - box 2435, 3001 Leuven, NETHERLANDS
The effect of climate conditions
on the population dynamics of
Dactylorhiza sambucina
Climate change has been predicted to affect the vital rates and population dynamics of both plant and animal species. However, it is not
entirely clear to what extent climate variables affect vital rates and
which vital rates are most sensitive to climate change. In this study
we investigated the influence of climatic conditions on the population dynamics of the rare, perennial orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina.
Demographic data were recorded annually between 2000 and 2010
in one of the largest remaining populations in the Czech Republic.
Integral Projection Models (IPMs) were used to investigate the influence of climatic conditions on the population dynamics of this species. The population growth rate (λ) varied between 0.84 and 1.11,
indicating that the population dynamics of the species fluctuated
strongly among years. The vital rate functions that varied most in
relation to climatic variables were plant survival and to a lesser extent growth. Prolonged periods of drought in spring led to increased
mortality of established plants and to decreased growth. Similarly,
autumn drought and low temperatures in autumn and winter significantly decreased survival of established plants. All together, our results indicate that climatic conditions had a major effect on vital rate
functions of this long-lived orchid species. Given that the population
dynamics of D. sambucina are highly sensitive to changes in survival,
these results further show that increased periods of severe drought
during spring and autumn will a have major impact on the long-term
viability of the species.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
F
Population
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Dynamics
Greek
Decep&
Islands
tion
Determinants
of Native
Chair:
Orchids
Mike F. Fay
Chair:
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Pavel
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Climate change,
conservation,
Czech Republic,
Dactylorhiza
sambucina integral projection
model, population dynamics
F6
PROGRAMME
91
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
G
F
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Conservation
Population
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
Dynamics
&
tion
of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Determinants
Chair:
Orchids
Chair:
Mike
F.
Fay
Dennis
F.
Marc-André
Chair:
Whigham
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Pavel
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Conservation,
North
America,
public awareness, seed &
fungal banks
G1
92
DENNIS F. WHIGHAM, JOHN P. O’NEILL,
MELISSA K. McCORMICK
[email protected]
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), P.O. Box 28,
Edgewater, MD 2114, USA
Conserving native orchids at the
scale of the U.S. and Canada –
Lessons learned thus far within
the North American Orchid
Conservation Center
The North American Orchid Conservation Center (NAOCC) has completed the first phase of development which included designing and
launching a NAOCC web site and the interactive Go Orchids web site.
Videos were developed to describe the goals of NAOCC and how to
use Go Orchids. An initial network of NAOCC partners was established, including a collaboration that resulted in native orchids being
the focus of the 2014 poster of the annual pollinator week program
of the Pollinator Partnership. NAOCC has entered the second phase
of development; which will focus on the collection of seeds and mycorrhizal fungi for long-term storage in national and regional seed
and fungal banks in support of conservation and restoration efforts.
In the second phase of NAOCC development we have also initiated regional efforts to develop propagation protocols for all native species,
that will eventually result in the establishment of sustainable population of native orchids in botanical gardens across the two countries.
Development of the interactive web site (Go Orchids) is continuing
with a goal of adding all remaining species to the site in 2015 and the
addition of known pollinator and pollinator syndrome information.
We will also focus on development of a members-only component for
the NAOCC web site that will provide a mechanism for partners to
share information on ongoing propagation activities as well as track
and gain access to materials that are deposited in the seed and fungal
banks. The purpose of this presentation will be to share the development of NAOCC since it was first announced at the orchid workshop
in the Czech Republic.
TORC ‘15
MIKE F. FAY, M. SANCHEZ, L. PIKE, F. KARMAN-BAILEY,
R. S. COWAN
[email protected]
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9
3DS, UNITED KINGDOM
Orchid conservation genetics in
the age of next-generation
sequencing
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
F
G
Conservation
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Population
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Dynamics
Greek
Decep&
Islands
tion
Determinants
of
Native
Chair:
Chair:
Orchids
Mike
Chair:
F. F.
Fay
Dennis
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Whigham
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Pavel
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Kindlmann
In the last decade, rapid developments in the technology for DNA
sequencing and genetic fingerprinting, notably high-throughput
(“next-generation”) sequencing, have facilitated large-scale genomics
studies. In addition, they have also allowed the development of population genetic markers to be streamlined. Previously, the development time for these markers was a severely limiting factor in conservation genetics, particularly in species with large genomes. we will
illustrate the use of some of these new technologies with examples
taken from work at Kew on orchids, focusing on Cypripedium calceolus
and Cephalanthera species.
Keywords:
Conservation,
DNA-sequencing
G2
PROGRAMME
93
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
G
F
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Conservation
Population
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
Dynamics
&
tion
of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Determinants
Chair:
Orchids
Chair:
Mike
F.
Fay
Dennis
F.
Marc-André
Chair:
Whigham
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Pavel
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Conservation,
Europe, habitat,
population
dynamics,
reproductive
success, threatened orchids
TIIU KULL, ULVI SELGIS, MIGUEL VILLOSLADA PECIÑA, MIRJAM METSARE, AIGI ILVES, KADRI TALI
[email protected]
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51014, ESTONIA
Factors influencing threat levels
to orchids across Europe
Contemporary trends in the threat levels and population dynamics of
European orchids, in total 166 species, characterized in 27 national
red lists, are analyzed in relation to traits of reproductive biology
of the species, the distribution area and its land-cover characteristics. Results demonstrate that nectarless and tuberous species are
more threatened than nectariferous and rhizomatous ones. Species
occurring in multiple countries are on average less threatened; species in central Europe have higher threat levels than in the northern,
southern or Atlantic parts of Europe, while the species were the least
threatened in southern Europe. Also, land-cover (ratios of artificial
land-cover, area of pastures and grasslands, and inland wetlands)
turned out to have a significant impact on the threat level. A bigger
share of artificial land cover increases threat, and a bigger share of
pastures and grasslands lowers it. Unexpectedly, a bigger share of the
area of inland wetlands in a country increased the threat level. These
correlations demonstrate that the current IUCN national red lists as
based on their specific categories and criteria can be used as tools in
large-scale comparative analysis of species status.
G3
94
TORC ‘15
JØRN ERIK BJØRNDALEN
[email protected]
Jens Bjelkesgate 16A, Oslo, N-0562, NORWAY
Conservation of Norwegian
orchids - achievements and
challenges
Norway has a rich and diverse orchid flora with 36 native species, and
many species have larger populations even in the northern parts of
the country (e.g. Cypripedium calceolus and Ophrys insectifera). Most
of the species are confined to calcareous or base-rich substrate, and
appear often with strongly disjunct distribution patterns. Important
orchid habitat types such as e.g. calcareous conifer forests, rich deciduous forests, rich swamp forests, rich-fens, calcareous meadows,rock
outcrops,screesandhay meadowshavefor a long time been negatively
affected by various impacts. Here can be mentioned e.g. all kind of
building and construction activities,limestone quarrying, drainage
of mires and wetlands, modern forestry, changes of agricultural practices and the general regrowing of the landscape. However, conservation of orchids have been an important issue in many conservation
plans for valuable nature types, and a high number of nature reserves
with rare as well as more common species have been established.
13 species are generally protected. There are still needs for further
actions with regard to e.g.management and safeguarding of non- protected occurrences.
Session
A.a
B.a
C
D.a
E
F
G
Conservation
Orchid
Systematics
Mycorrhizal
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Population
Flora&
of PropagaStudies
Floral
&
Dynamics
Greek
Decep&
Islands
tion
Determinants
of
Native
Chair:
Chair:
Orchids
Mike
Chair:
F. F.
Fay
Dennis
Marc-André
Chair:
Chair:
Whigham
Spyros
Selosse
Jana
Chair:
Pavel
Tsiftsis
Jersáková
Ekrim Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Anthropogenic factors,
conservation,
habitat, land
use, Norway,
soil conditions
G4
PROGRAMME
95
Session
D.a
A.a
B.a
E
C
G
F
Pollination
Ethnobotany
Orchid
Mycorrhizal
Systematics
Flora
&
Conservation
Population
Floral
& PropagaofStudies
DecepGreek
Dynamics
&
tion
of Islands
Native
tion
Chair:
Determinants
Chair:
Orchids
Chair:
Mike
F.
Fay
Dennis
F.
Marc-André
Chair:
Whigham
Chair:
Selosse
Spyros
Chair:
Jana
Pavel
Ekrim
Jersáková
Tsiftsis
Sezik
Kindlmann
Keywords:
Conservation,
edaphon,
extensive green
roofs, ex-situ,
protocorms,
mycorrhiza,
red-listed orchid, reproduction success,
threatened
orchid
G5
96
RAFAEL SCHNEIDER, STEPHAN BRENNEISEN, BERTIL KRÜSI,
YASMINA BOUNAÂJA, PHILIPP RÜEGG,
DOVILĖ MALINAUSKAITĖ
[email protected]
Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of
Applied Sciences, CH-8820 Wädenswil, SWITZERLAND
Establishment of native orchids
on green roofs
Over 70 different orchid species occur in Switzerland, all of them are
protected by law. Unfortunately, the last 60 years of overfertilisation
and changes in surface use have resulted in present loss of more than
90 % of the orchid habitats in central Switzerland. Overfertilisation
of orchid habitats and the change of use contributet to it mainly. In
the few remaining habitats, the greatest threat to the orchids today is
caused by collectors, enthusiasts and photographers. Green roofs are
known as temporary habitats of extreme conditions and with lesser amount of nutrients. The later and other certain characteristics
are also typical for endemic orchid habitats, therefore it is likely that
most of the orchid species could survive on roof top greenings. Because of the mobility and vast seed amounts, spontaneus establishment of metapopulations is inherent to these plants. In this study 31
orchid roofs were recorded in Switzerland and considered in detail.
All plants established spontaneus. The very different roofs included
a total of 11 different species of orchids. All of them are on the RED
LIST of endangered species of Switzerland. The human inaccessibility of these roofs represented ideal conditions for the protection of
species. Since a huge threat to orchid species is still present today
and green roofs are already proven to serve potential orchid habitats, orchids on the roofs are transferred not only spontaneously but
also by green roof executors. The specialized departement of green
roofs of Zurich University for Applied Sciences is concerned with
the settlement of orchids on roofs. Specific projects are designed to
create roofs which provide ecological niches and breeding platforms
for orchids. The first accomplished settlement projects testify that
both, the generative propagation of orchids, as well as, the transfer
measures were successful. In the potential roof habitats the planted
orchids formed new small populations after 5 years.
TORC ‘15
Poster Abstracts
Session
A.aP
Orchid
Flora
A.a
of Greek
Orchid Flora
ofIslands
Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Abiotic / biotic
factors, conservation, Island
of Samos,
phytogeography, population
dynamics
GIORGOS FAKAS1, SVEN WAGNER2
[email protected]
1
Vathi, Island of Samos GR-83100, GREECE;
2
Sails-For-Science Foundation, GERMANY
Plant records of the orchid flora
of the Island of Samos, Greece
On the island of Samos are occurring 64 species and subspecies in
13 genera of native plants within the family Orchidaceae with a rich
representation of Ophrys. Most islanders and visitors are not
aware about such orchid flora of Samos. The aim of the study is to
guide conservation efforts and the records to be used as an educational tool to stimulate public engagement for the novice as well
as the visitor to the island. We represent here the distribution,
habitat preferences, localities previously unknown, and the levels
of threat due to anthropogenic impacts for the examined taxa for
the entire island in the light of previous described observations. We
deploy also an identification key useful for simple identification and
future remote monitoring purposes.The results reveal habitat dependent adaptations and a constant threat of particular species, mainly
due to landuse issues. The habitat conditions of Samos as an island
and its proximity to Minor Asia provide a unique natural basis for
the flora. The study shall help to monitor and support conservation
of Orchidaceae on Samos.
A1P1
Wagner, S., Fakas, G. (2015) Spotting orchids on the Island of Samos, a
field guide. In press.
100
TORC ‘15
ASAF SHIFMAN1, YESHAYAHU (ISHI) TALMON2
[email protected]
1
Moshav Merhavia 19105, ISRAEL; 2Department of Chemical Engineering,
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, ISRAEL
Reclassification of several orchids
of Israel
Too little careful work has been done on the classification of Israeli wild orchids. Much of it has been based on the classification of
species of countries of the Eastern Mediterranean. Here we present
recent observations of several species that have been reclassified by
one of us (AS). Specifically we present Himantoglossum galilaeum,
Ophrys umbilicata subsp. beerii, and Epipactis veratrifolia subsp. oaseana. They are very rare species, found in few isolated locations, and
suffer from loss of habitat. H. galilaeum is found in Northern Israel
and probably also in Southern Lebanon and Jordan. O. umbilicata subsp. beerii is endemic to the coastal plain of Israel. E. veratrifolia subsp.
oaseana grows in oases by the Dead Sea in Israel and Jordan, and
is found also in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen,
Oman, Ethiopia, and Somalia.
A.bP
World Orchid
A.a
Flora
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Endemic species, Epipactis
veratrifolia
subsp. Oaseana,
Himantoglossum galilaeum,
Israel, Ophrys
umbilicata subsp. beerii, rare
orchid species
A2P1
PROGRAMME
101
Session
A.bP
WorldA.a
Orchid
Flora
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Lebanon, phytogeography,
taxonomy
JULIEN VIGLIONE2, ERROL VÉLA1
[email protected]
1
University of Montpellier; UMR AMAP, CIRAD bât. PS2 – TA/A51, Bd de
la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez, 34298 Montpellier cedex, FRANCE; 2ECOMED (Ecologie et Médiation); Tour Méditerranée, 65 av. Jules Cantini,
13298 Marseille cedex 20, FRANCE
Recent input to Lebanese orchid
flora and tentative of a national
checklist integrating synonymies
Since publication of the last Lebanese and Syrian classical flora
(Mouterde, P. 1984) the only complete work on Lebanese flora is an
illustrated book (Tohme, G., 2014) based on the same taxonomy and
nomenclature with exception of some few additions (mainly exotic introduced species). About Lebanese orchids, only one book has
illustrated orchids on the field (Haber, R.M. 2009) with a free and
sometimes surprising taxonomic point-of-view. Several years of
prospection by authors through Lebanon permitted to take a serious
knowledge for orchid flora and its taxonomy, in a Mediterranean biogeographical context. Several Euro-Mediterranean monographs give
a conflicting taxonomy not always useful to understand what taxa
we have encountered on the field. Some works on adjacent areas complete our investigations and give us some useful indications to build
our taxonomic scheme. In a botanical perspective with the aim of
building a taxonomical referential including synonymy for the whole
flora of Lebanon, we tried to build a preliminary list for the Orchidaceae family. For that, the historical appellations are reanalysed in
a modern point-of-view, the recent but critical appellations are confronted with biogeography and fine-scale morphometric taxonomy,
the poorly known taxa are illustrated on the field and their taxonomy
reinvestigated.
A2P2
Mouterde, P. (1966-1984) Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Beyrouth, 6 volumes
(3 de texte & 3 de planches).
Tohme, G., Tohme, H. (2014) Illustrated flora of Lebano., second edition, CNRS Liban,
Beyrouth: 610. Haber, R.M., Semann Haber, M. (2009) Orchids of Lebanon: Natural
heritage from the Mediterranean spaces and species (I). Beirut: Terre du Liban.
102
TORC ‘15
ARGYRIOS GERAKIS1, XENOPHON HALDAS2,
MARIOS GIANNAKOULIAS3
[email protected]
1
P.O. Box 66, Argostoli, GR-28100, GREECE; 218 Tsilimidou St., Argostoli,
GR-28100; GREECE; 3117 Britannia House, Palgrave Rd., MK42 9BX
Bedford, UNITED KINGDOM
Anacamptis palustris subsp.
robusta (Orchidaceae): a new
record to the flora of Cephalonia,
Greece
The taxon Anacamptis palustris subsp. robusta (T.Stephenson)
R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase (Orchidaceae) so far known
from N. Africa and Crete is reported for the first time on Cephalonia,
Greece. We include taxon description, location and dates of observation, and photographs from the field. Several threats confront the
population of this marsh orchid, namely grazing, cultivation, pollution and urbanisation. We hypothesize that seeds of this orchid have
travelled with dust from N. Africa via atmospheric circulation.
A.bP
World Orchid
A.a
Flora
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Anacamptis
palustris,
conservation,
Greece, Kefalonia, marshes,
wetlands
A2P3
PROGRAMME
103
Session
A.bP
WorldA.a
Orchid
Flora
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Ophrys pseudomigoutiana,
new species,
rare orchid species, taxonomy,
Tunesia
ERROL VÉLA1, ROLAND MARTIN2, RIDHA OUNI3
[email protected]
1
University of Montpellier; UMR AMAP, CIRAD bât. PS2 – TA/A51, Bd de la
Lironde, Montferrier-sur- Lez, 34298 Montpellier cedex, FRANCE; Red List
Authority Coordinator of the Mediterranean Plant Specialist Group of the
IUCN’s Species Survival Commission; 2Société Méditerranéenne d’Orchidologie, rue Aramand, 84248 La Motte-d’Aigues, FRANCE; 3Tunisia Wildlife Conservation Society, Faculté des Sciences mathématiques, physiques et biologiques
de Tunis (FST), Campus Universitaire, 2092 El Manar, TUNISIA
Ophrys pseudomigoutiana, a new
orchid species from Tunisie
This taxon has been known since its discovery in Tunisia as Ophrys
migoutiana H. Gay, (Devillers, P. 1994) described as plant in Algeria,
which still remains little known to botanists. This represented a
significant step forward by ending the historical confusion under
involvement of the rather misleading “O. fusca.” But the recent
observation of an genuine O. migoutiana near Medea in Algeria
(Rebbas K. 2013) put us in front of an unexpected highlight: the
two taxa are different and the Tunisia taxa has been a priori not yet
formally described. Despite some similarities with oriental taxa of
the movement of O. cinereophila Paulus & Gack, the Tunisian taxon
appeared to be unnamed to us. Therefore, we attempted to define
it in our book on orchids from Tunisia with the provisional name
“Ophrys pseudomigoutiana” (Martin, R. 2015). It was under this name
that we now formally described it as a new species. The phenotypic
variability is illustrated by many color photographs and planks
from broken flowers. Its chorology in Tunisia is mapped in detailed,
demonstrating possibly that it is endemic to Tunisia.
A2P4
Devillers, P., Devillers-Terschuren, J. (1994) Essai d’analyse systématique du genre
Ophrys. Les Naturalistes belges 75 (spéc. Orchidées 7, suppl.): 273-400.
Rebbas K. & Véla E. (2013) Observations nouvelles sur les Pseudophrys du Centre-Est
de l’Algérie septentrionale. Journal Europäischer Orchideen 45 (2-4): 217-233.
Martin, R., Ouni, R. Véla, E., (2015) Orchidées de Tunisie. Soc. Bot. Centre- Ouest édit.,
Jarnac (sous-presse).
104
TORC ‘15
ÉVA BIRÓ1, JUDIT BÓDIS1, V.A. MOLNÁR2
[email protected]
1
Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia,Georgikon Faculty, H-8360 Keszthely, Deák F. u. 16., HUNGARY; 2Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem
tér 1., HUNGARY
Why is the hybridization so rare
between the species of the genus
Himantoglossum?
Hybridization is very rare between the species of the genus
Himatoglossum, despite of being common in other orchid genera. The
reasons for this can be the lack of overlapping areas, or the different
flowering time period of the species. In this work the distribution and
the flowering data of Himantoglossum species was presented based on
data, which had been collected from herbarium sheets or references
(sources were paper-based or internet). We collected 1001 precisely
dated, flowering records of 12 species. There were sufficient data
records to calculate the flowering day average and the length of the
blooming period in the case of 6 species (H. adriaticum, H. caprinum,
H. comperianum, H. hircinum, H. jankae, H. robertianum). According to
the collected data the distribution of species are overlapping except
for H. formosum, H. galilaeum and H. metlesicsianum. After examining
55 species pairs during blooming period 21 species pairs results were
insignificant and only 5 species pairs (H. comperianum - H. caprinum,
H. montis-tauri - H. comperianum, H. hircinum - H. adriaticum, H. montistauri - H. caprinum and H. jankae – H. calcaratum) had overlapping
distribution areas. Out of the above we found data on hybridization
for three species pairs. From our results we can determine that in the
case of the genus Himantoglossum the exclusion of hybridization is
mostly due to phenological isolation.
A.bP
World Orchid
A.a
Flora
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Himantoglossum, Hungary,
hybridization,
taxonomy
A2P5
PROGRAMME
105
Session
A.bP
WorldA.a
Orchid
Flora
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Himantoglossum, Iraq,
Kurdistan, new
species, Ophrys,
Orchis, rare
orchid species
SAMI YOUSSEF1, AHMED MAHMOOD1, ERROL VELA2
[email protected]
1
School of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of
Duhok, Sumail-Duhok 1063 BD, Kurdistan Region, IRAQ; 2University of
Montpellier, UMR AMAP, CIRAD bât. PS2 – TA/A51, Bd de la Lironde,
Montferrier-sur-Lez, FR-34298 Montpellier, FRANCE
New data on orchids
(Orchidaceae) of the Duhok
Province in the Kurdistan Region
(N-Iraq): 2013-2014 surveys
In “Flora of Iraq” (Townsend, C.C. et al), 25 taxa of orchids were
described, including five for the genus Ophrys L., all species limited
to the temperate northern Iraq. During botanical surveys in the
Duhok Governorate (west of the Kurdistan Autonomous Region),
we have found 15 orchids taxa including six Ophrys. One of them is
considered new for Iraq (Ophrys cilicica), while a possible historical
confusion with O. reinholdii subsp. straussii (Vela, E. et. al) can now
be excluded because we have observed respectively both on the field.
Five others (Ophrys bornmuelleri s.l., Ophrys reinholdii subsp. straussii,
Anacamptis pyramidalis, Comperia comperiana and Orchis mascula
subsp. longicalcarata) are rediscovered/confirmed in northern Iraq
(previously known in the central mountains) and considered new
for the western mountains of the Kurdistan Region. Some of them
were listed “very rare” or “rare” in Iraq because only found once or
twice (Townsend, C.C. et al) before the discovery of our new locality.
Furthermore, the subspecific status of several Ophrys, Orchis and
Himantoglossum species are debated here. The presence of other taxa is
possible but appears still doubtful failing bibliographic sources. The
easiness to find new records within a small sampling area confirms
us that Kurdistan is underexplored and that other discoveries are
probable in the future (Vela, E. et. al).α
A2P6
Townsend, C.C., Guest E. (1966-1985) Flora of Iraq, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic
of Iraq, Baghdad, 1-9: ix, 440.
Véla, E., Youssef, S., Mahmood, A. (2013) First survey on orchids (Orchidaceae) of
Duhok Province in Kurdistan Region (N-Iraq). Journal Europaïscher Orchideen, 45:
235-254.
106
TORC ‘15
PIELUIGI CORTIS, PIER LUIGI NIMIS, ANNALENA COGONI,
ANDREA AMBUS, STEFANO MARTELLOS
[email protected]
University of Cagliari, Department of Enviromental and Life Science, viale
Sant’Ignazio, 13 Cagliari, ITALY
Digital key for the identification
of Sardinian orchids
Sardinia, alongside the Greek islands, is one of the hot spots
for orchidological diversity in the Mediterranean, insularity
representing one relevant factor for the formation of endemisms.
In the 1990s two regional monographs and numerous contributions
on the Orchids of Sardinia were published. Furthermore, recent
biosysytematic researches led to the discovery of new taxa and to
several nomenclatural changes. In this study we developed a database
of morpho-anatomical, ecological and distributional information in
combination with the software FRIDA (FRiendlyy IDentificAtion).
The resulting information system can produce digital identification
keys accessible online, and/or in the form of apps for smartphones or
tablets (both for iOS and Android OS). The keys can be produced by
organizing the characters in any sequence decided by the author(s),
targeting different users. They can follow a “classic” systematic
scheme when devoted to University students and experts, or they
can make use of more easy-to-observe characters when devoted to
laypersons. Hence, these keys can be used also by ordinary citizens,
such as in campaigns of citizen science. A taxonomic database,
connected to the digital keys, will be developed as well, as an effort
to put some order in the changing nomenclature of this family.
B.aP
Systematics
A.a
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Conservation,
digital key
database, ecology, Sardinia,
taxonomy
B1P1
PROGRAMME
107
Session
B.aP
Systematics
A.a
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
DNA-sequencing, Epipactis,
Greece, phylogeny, taxonomy
N. PELTEKI1, SPYROS TSIFTSIS1, NICOLETA KARAISKOU2,
ALEXANDROS TRIANTAFYLLIDIS2, ANDREAS D. DROUZAS1
[email protected]
1
Laboratory of Systematic Botany & Phytogeography, Department of
Botany, 2Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology,
School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GREECE
Low genetic differentiation
among 21 different species and
subspecies of the genus Epipactis
native to Greece
The genus Epipactis Zinn. is characterized by taxonomic complexity.
Recent evolutionary divergence and presence of autogamy create
difficulties in identifying species within the genus. Apart from
morphological characters, DNA markers have proven to be valuable
tools in taxonomic identification of plant species, especially in cases
where distinct morphological characters are lacking. In the genus
Epipactis limited studies employing DNA markers have been performed
aiming at resolving its taxonomic complexity. In this study, a total of
24 populations, belonging to 21 different Epipactis taxa from Greece
were studied, aiming at identifying DNA markers diagnostic for each
species. A total of 220 individuals were analysed at the chloroplast
(trnL, matK and trnH-psbA) and the nuclear genome (ITS) levels, with 6
PCR-RFLP markers. Low diversity was detected in the studied taxa. The
few polymorphisms found were, in most cases, unable to distinguish
species. Only E. palustris (L.) Crantz, was differentiated and could be
successfully identified with the DNA markers used. These results
are in accordance with other studies that have found most Epipactis
species to show low divergence at DNA level, with the exception of E.
palustris. The differentiation of this species concurs with its systematic
classification in a different section.
B2P1
108
TORC ‘15
MARTHA CHARITONIDOU1,2, SPYROS TSIFTSIS1,
ANDREAS D. DROUZAS1
[email protected]
1
Laboratory of Systematic Botany & Phytogeography, Department of
Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GREECE;
2
Postgraduate Studies Program “Conservation of Biodiversity and
Sustainable Exploitation of Native Plants”, School of Biology, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GREECE
Lack of PCR-RFLP variation in
Epipactis atrorubens populations
from northern Greece
Epipactis Zinn. is a highly diverse genus with numerous species
naturally occurring throughout Europe, most of them widespread.
Still, the knowledge about the genetic variation of many Epipactis
species is limited. In this work the PCR-RFLP variation of Epipactis
atrorubens (Hoff.) Besser populations from northern Greece have
been investigated. In particular, seven populations were sampled
from northern Greece (8-10 individuals per population) and from a
variety of habitats, while an additional population from Germany
was also included in the analysis. Three PCR-RFLP markers of the
cpDNA were employed, which have revealed variation in other
Epipactis species: trnL/MboI, trnH-psbA/HaeIII and trnH-psbA/HinfI.
The results showed lack of genetic variation in the populations
studied, including the one from Germany. The only exception was
four individuals from Menikio Mt. that showed a different allele in
trnL/ MboI marker. Despite the above exception, both DNA regions
seem to be conserved in Epipactis atrorubens. Further work is needed
in order to obtain a more informative picture on its genetic variation
and to possibly set conservation priorities.
B.aP
Systematics
A.a
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
DNA-sequencing, Epipactis,
Germany,
Greece, phylogeny
B2P2
PROGRAMME
109
C.P
Mycorrhizal
A.a
Studies
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
C, Epipactis,
isotopic analysis, mycoheterotrophy,
15
N, northern
hemisphere
13
CP1
JULIENNE M.-I. SCHIEBOLD1, MARTIN I. BIDARTONDO2,
BARBARA GRAVENDEEL3, JOHANNES SCHOTT1,
GERHARD GEBAUER1
[email protected]
BayCEER – Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of
Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GERMANY; 2Imperial College London and
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew TW9 3DS, UNITED KINGDOM; 3Naturalis
Biodiversity Center, Leiden, NETHERLANDS
1
Partial mycoheterotrophy in the
genus Epipactis Zinn
Epipactis ZINN is a genus of terrestrial orchids containing 49
species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. Different
Epipactis species occur in habitats ranging from closed forests to
open wetlands where the roots of several Epipactis species form
orchid mycorrhiza with rhizoctonias or ectomycorrhizal fungi of
forest trees (Bidartondo, M. I. 2004). Nontheless, fungal partners
and trophic strategies (autotrophy, partial or full mycoheterotrophy)
of most Epipactis species remain unknown. In this study we took
leaf samples of eight different Epipactis species and accompanying
autotrophic plant species as reference for site conditions for stable
isotope natural abundance analyses. Root samples for identification
of fungal partners by ITS sequencing were taken from the same
individuals at 11 sites in NE Bavaria and on the North Sea coastline
of the Netherlands. All Epipactis species in this survey were
significantly enriched in 13C and 15N towards autotrophic references
elucidating partial mycoheterotrophy as nutritional mode. E. neglecta,
E. leptochila, E. microphylla and E. muelleri showed an enrichment in
15
N of more than 20‰ towards autotrophic references with E. neglecta
breaking all records of isotopic enrichment ever measured in (partial)
mycoheterotrophic plants (mean ε15N = 24.6‰). The fungi identified
in mycorrhizal root sections of the here investigated Epipactis species
belong exclusively to obligate ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes
(Entoloma, Hebeloma, Hygrophorus, Russula, Thanatephorus, Tomentella)
and obligate ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes (Tuber, Wilcoxina). High
enrichment in 15N correlated with presence of Tuber as mycorrhizal
partner being the first time that a specific fungus could be identified
as driving the isotope signature of individual orchids.
Bidartondo, M. I., Burghardt, B., Gebauer, G., Bruns, T. D., Read, D. J. (2004) Changing partners in the dark: isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees. Proc. R. Soc. B 271. 1799 – 1806. doi: 10.1098/
rspb.2004.2807.
110
TORC ‘15
IBRAHIM OZKOC, YASEMIN ÖZDENER KÖMPE,
SERDAR BOZKURT, VILDAN AKIN MUTLU
[email protected]
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs
University, Campus of Kurupelit, TR-55139, TURKEY
Isolation and molecular
characterization of
endosymbionts from Spiranthes
spiralis plants in different
growing periods in Turkey
In sunny meadow habitats, fully photosynthetic orchids have usually
been considered to lack mycorrhizal specificity because the formgenus Rhizoctonia were isolated commonly. Moreover, morphological
observations and rDNA sequencing have showed that “Rhizoctonias”
from orchids are regarded as a polyphyletic assemblage of
teleomorphic genera (Tulasnella, Thanatephorus, Sebacina etc.). In this
study, our aim was to isolate and characterize Rhizoctonia like fungi
from Spiranthes spiralis (Orchidaceae) plants of different development
stages. We performed both culture-dependent ITS sequence analysis
to identify the fungi from orchid roots and characterized the
isolates phylogenetically. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated that
Spiranthes spiralis plants had the isolates of Tulasnella spp. as well
as Thanatephorus isolates. Rhizoctonia-like fungi obtained from the
plants of different development stages were diverse. These result
also indicated that the diverse isolates were obtained from different
development stages of S.spiralis plants and also S. spiralis plants had
mainly Tulasnella isolates together with Thanatephorus isolates. All
isolates of Tulasnella and Thanatephorus (especially T. fusisporus) were
first record for Turkey.
C.P
Mycorrhizal
A.a
Studies
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Thanatephorus
spp, Spiranthes
spiralis, different growing
periods, molecular phylogeny
CP2
PROGRAMME
111
C.P
Mycorrhizal
A.a
Studies
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Fungi, mycorrhiza, reproductive success,
Rhizoctonia,
Spiranthes spiralis
YASEMIN ÖZDENER KÖMPE1, VILDAN AKIN MUTLU2,
IBRAHIM OZKOC1, EMRE YUKSEL1
[email protected]
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of
Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum/Samsun, TR-55200, TURKEY, 2Ministry
National of Education, TURKEY
Tulasnella spp. diversity of the
roots of Spiranthes spiralis / in
vitro & in situ germination of its
seeds
Orchidaceae is the largest flowering plant family of World. Seed
germination, seedling growth and survival of orchids rely on
mycorrhizal fungi. Degrees of orchid- fungi specificity are variable
between species. In the orchid life cycle, it has been found that
different fungi might be affected to fulfill the plant process from
seed germination until the plant reach on adult stage. Most of the
mycorrhizal fungi of orchids belong to the form-genus Rhizoctonia.
The identification of Rhizoctonia by conventional methods is extremely
difficult. Molecular methods provide an advantage to identify
Rhizoctonia. In this research we determined diversitiy of mycorrhizal
fungi in the root tissue by using molecular techniques on a monthly
during a year and effects of isolated fungi on the seed germination in
vitro and also germination and seedling growth process of the seeds
in their natural conditions. Molecular characterization of isolated
fungi from the root suggested that the fungi belong to Tulasnella
and Thanatephorus spp. Tulasnella promoted seed germination while
Thanatephorus spp. did not effect on the germination. The fungi –
Tulasnella spp. isolated in April, June and November were more
effective on the germination and seedling growth than the others. In
seeds packets burried to their natural area, the seeds germinated and
the protocorms occured in six months apporoximately.
CP3
The research was founded by TUBITAK (1002-113Z849).
112
TORC ‘15
MARÍA ISABEL MUJICA1,2,3, NICOLÁS SAEZ3, MAURICIO
CISTERNAS4, MARLENE MANZANO3, JUAN J. ARMESTO2, 3,
FERNANDA PÉREZ2, 3
[email protected]
Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago; 2Institute of Ecology &
Biodiversity (IEB), Alameda 340, Santiago; 3Departamento de Ecología,
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago; 4Jardín
Botánico Nacional, casilla 488, Viña del Mar, CHILE
1
High mycorrhizal specialization
in the rare orchids Bipinnula
volckmanni Kraenzl. and
Bipinnula apinnula Gosewijn
Understanding the causes of rarity is highly relevant to ecology. The
requirement of many terrestrial plants to form a symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi may limit the distribution and abundance of plant
species. Orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and
early development, because of the high dependence of orchids on fungi it has been suggested that the degree of mycorrhizal specificity
could be associated with rarity. In this study we aim to evaluate if
there is a relation between distributional range and mycorrhizal specialization in the genus Bipinnula in Chile, comparing the mycorrhizal fungal diversity between widespread and rare species. We evaluated fungal species richness and phylogenetic diversity associated
with these species across nine populations in total, by isolating fungi
from roots and direct fungal DNA extraction from orchid roots. In the
widespread orchids we found a considerable higher fungal diversity
than in rare orchids, including taxa from Ceratobasidiaceae and Tulasnellaceae fungal families. In contrast, we observed an extremely
specific association in rare orchids, which associated with only one
OTU from the Ceratobasidiaceae family. Rare and common Bipinnula
exhibited significant differences in mycorrhizal diversity, suggesting
that mycorrhizal specificity could be contributing to rarity in Bipinnula. However, further research, including evaluation of the diversity
of mycorrhizal fungi in soils and germination experiments are needed to conclude that mycorrhizal associations are limiting the populations of rare Bipinnula.
PROGRAMME
C.P
Mycorrhizal
A.a
Studies
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Bipinnula, Ceratobasidiaceae,
Chile, Tulasnellaceae fungi,
mycorrhiza,
rare orchid
species
CP4
113
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
Session
Orchid Flora
Deception
&
of Greek
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Aegean Islands,
conservation, ecology,
POL-AEGIS
database,
pollination,
reproductive
success.
DP1
114
APHRODITE KANTSA, JELLE DEVALEZ, THOMAS TSCHEULIN,
THEODORA PETANIDOU
[email protected]
Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography,
University of the Aegean, Mytilene, GREECE
The POL-AEGIS database as a
basis to study orchid reproductive
ecology at community level in the
eastern Mediterranean
The Eastern Mediterranean is a biodiversity hotspot of global importance. Greece, owing to its geographic particularities and turbulent
natural history, shares a large part of this biotic uniqueness. Wild
bees and orchids are two groups that show high diversity in the Aegean Archipelago. According to the most recent floristic assessment,
101 orchid taxa occur in the Aegean, most of them (83.3%) narrowly
distribute or endemic in some part of the archipelago. On the other
hand, Greece has suffered serious Linnaean and Wallacean shortfalls
regarding wild bees, as information on the diversity and biogeography of these animals is missing. The POL-AEGIS project aims at
addressing these deficits by conducting large-scale intensive assessments of the diversity, phylogeny, and distribution of the pollinators
across 22 Aegean Islands, covering a wide geographic and climatic
gradient. Here we present the potential of the project for boosting
research on orchid reproduction in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean in general, given the fact that the lack of wild bee diversity
data is not a holdback any more. Our approaches include (a) community-based research focusing on the hard task of measuring actual
floral visitation and pollination success in rare orchids, and (b) efforts
that investigate the physiological basis of the mutualistic or deceptive interactions between sympatric and/or narrowly distributed bees
and orchids, based on the chemical nature of these subtle and most
intriguing interactions in our region.
This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF)
and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong
Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding
Program: THALES. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.
TORC ‘15
HANNES PAULUS
[email protected]
Department of Integrative Zoology University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14,
A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA
How to find Ophrys pollinators?
Where to search and how to
make bio-tests?
Most of our orchids have evolved different kinds of pollinator attractions which are due to deceiving mechanisms. These are the consequences of evolution of pollinia or pollinaria which make it possible to transfer a maximum of pollen with only a few visits. To avoid
self - pollination a pollinator should quickly recognize this deceiving
mechanism (pollinium hypothesis of the evolution of orchids: Paulus 1988, Paulus et al. 1990). Ophrys species mimic receptive females
of bees by imitating all important cues to provoke copulation with
the flower. In experimental work it could be shown how quickly the
deceived male learned to avoid the just visited flowers (Paulus et al.
1983, Paulus 2007). This is one of the most important reasons for
the very rare possibility to see this behaviour. Waiting for the luck
of direct observation of pseudo copulation behaviour is more or less
useless as normally all male bees in a growing area have learned
this mimicry system. Nonetheless, in order to find out which bee
species is the pollinator of a special Ophrys species, there are some
methods: 1. Finding bee males with pollinaria from earlier visits, 2.
These pollinaria can be identified by morphology and by a possible
assigning to those Ophrys growing in the observation area by excluding all Ophrys species which are not visited by the bee genus. 3.
Experimental tests with flowers transferred to flying sides of bees
without Ophrys species. Here you can make choice tests with several
Ophrys species. A legitimate relation between an Ophrys species and
their pollinator bee is only accepted if an intensive pseudo copulation
behaviour often can be reproduced. To be successful with these kinds
of methods one need a good knowledge of the bee fauna.
Paulus, H.F., Gack, C., Maddocks, R. (1983) Beobachtungen und Experimente zum
Pseudokopulationsverhalten an Ophrys (Orchidaceae): Das Lernverhalten von Eucera
barbiventris (Apoidea, Anthophoridae) an Ophrys scolopax in Südspanien. Senghas, K.
& Sundermann, H. (edts.): Probleme der Taxonomie und Vermehrung europäischer und
mediterraner Orchideen. Die Orchidee (Sonderheft), Brücke Verlag Hildesheim: 73-79.
Paulus, H.F. (1988) Co-Evolution und einseitige Anpassungen in Blüten - Bestäuber
- Systemen: Bestäuber als Schrittmacher in der Blütenevolution Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges.
81: 25-46.
Paulus, H.F. & Gack, C. (1990): Pollinators as prepollinating isolation factors: Evolution and speciation in Ophrys (Orchidaceae). Israel J.Botany 39: 43-79.
Paulus, H.F. (2007) Wie Insekten-Männchen von Orchideenblüten getäuscht werden
– Bestäubungstricks und Evolution in der mediterranen Ragwurzgattung Ophrys. Evolution - Phänomen Leben (759 pp.), Denisia (Linz) 20: 255-294.
PROGRAMME
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
Session
Orchid Flora
Deception
of Greek &
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Deception,
Ophrys, pollination, pollinium
DP2
115
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
Session
Orchid Flora
Deception
&
of Greek
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
HANNES PAULUS1, MONIKA HIRTH2
[email protected]
1
Department of Integrative Zoology University of Vienna, Althanstrasse
14, A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA; Arbeitskreis Heimischer Orchideen (AHO)
Baden-Württemberg, Runzstraße 6, D-79102 Freiburg, GERMANY
Pollination biology in the Ophrys
mammosa group
Ophrys mammosa is widely distributed in the eastern Mediterranean
area. During the last years we paid special interests on the species
group in Cyprus. ... To be continued.
Keywords:
Cyprus, deception, morphometrics, Ophrys
DP3
Paulus, H.F., Kreutz, K. (2004): Ophrys morio nov.spec. aus Zypern. In Kreutz, K.: Die
Orchideen von Zypern/The Orchids of Cyprus - Beschreibung, Ökologie, Verbreitung,
Gefährdung, Schutz und Ikonographie. Verlag Kreutz Publishers, ISBN: 90-8066263-1, 416.
116
TORC ‘15
DEMETRA RAKOSY1, MARTÍNEZ M.A. CUERVO1,
HANNES F. PAULUS2, MANFRED AYASSE1
[email protected]
1
Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10/1,
Containerdorf, D- 89081, Ulm, GERMANY; 2Department of Integrative
Zoology University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA
Pollinator mediation vs.
geographic variation of floral
traits in a group of sexually
deceptive orchids
The species of the sexually deceptive genus Ophrys advertise their
flowers by mimicking the olfactory, visual and tactile cues of female
hymenopterans, thus establishing a highly specialized relationship
with their pollinators. In such a specialized pollination system flower
traits are expected to be relatively invariant. However, the genus is
renowned for its remarkable inter- and intraspecific floral variability
and while the role of pollinators in shaping floral trait variation
has been well investigated, little is known about the importance of
other factors. By using an integrative approach, combining chemical
(GC, GC-MS) and electroantennographic analyses of floral scent with
3D geometric morphometrics and spatial analyses, we assessed the
relative role of pollinators, geographic isolation and habitat preference
in shaping variation patterns of floral scent, shape and size in the
Ophrys tenthredinifera complex in the Eastern Aegean region. Our
results show that while morphological characters are more variable
than floral scent compounds, both show similar patterns of variation.
Further we found significant differences between pollinator related
floral traits associated with pollinator attraction and non-pollinator
related traits. While pollinator related traits are less variable they
accurately reflect pollinator relationships between species. In contrast,
non-pollinator related flower traits are highly variable and present a
strong geographic pattern, associated with isolation by distance and/
or varying habitats. The specific orchid-pollinator relationship seems
thus to be maintained by a few floral traits, with non-pollinator related
traits reflecting the geographic history of species. These traits may also
represent a valuable reservoir for the selection in changing pollinator
landscapes.
PROGRAMME
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
Session
Orchid Flora
Deception
of Greek &
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Aegean Islands,
deception, GCMS, morphometrics, Ophrys
DP4
117
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
Session
Orchid Flora
Deception
&
of Greek
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Dactylorhiza,
deception,
Poland, pollination syndrome,
rare orchid
IZABELA TAŁAŁAJ, AGATA KOSTRO, ADA WRÓBLEWSKA,
EMILIA BRZOSKO, BEATA OSTROWIECKA, CEZARY BYSTROWSKI
[email protected]
University of Białystok, Institute of Botany, Świerkowa 20B Street, 15-950
Białystok, POLAND
Pollination syndrome of deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii
(Druce) Soó under conditions of
natural forests in NE Poland
Dactylorhiza fuchsii is an European orchid that is considered to be
melittophilous, pollinated by bumble bees and honeybees. However, in
the natural forests of north-east Poland was recorded, very rare among
orchid species, cantharophilous pollination syndrome. In the present
study we investigated two populations of D. fuchsii in the Białowieża
and Biebrza Valley Forests. For estimating insect abundance in the
particular habitats a sweep net sampling was used at the beginning, in
optimum and at the end of flowering of D. fuchsii. In the both populations
flies were the most numerously represented. Their contribution was
at high levels of 73-79% and 46-50% in the Białowieża and Biebrza,
respectively. In the both habitats, with relatively high frequency, were
also recorded Hymenoptera (13-15% and 13- 19% in the Białowieża and
Biebrza, respectively) and Aranea (3-6% and 15-28% in the Białowieża
and Biebrza, respectively). In both sites the species from Coleoptera
were also noted. Their participation was higher in the population from
Biebrza (5-13%) than in the Białowieża (0,2-2%). Furthermore, in the
Biebrza the significantly higher abundance of beetles was observed
during the optimum of flowering. The abundance of insects were also
obtained from the video-taping, during which insects visitors of D.
fuchsii were recognized and classified into the various groups of the
pollinators. Pollination syndrome of D. fuchsii in populations studied
is considered.
DP5
118
TORC ‘15
KADRI TALI, MARILIN MÕTLEP, TIIU KULL
[email protected]
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University
of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, 51014, ESTONIA
Comparing spurs and proboscis
of the pollinators in Platanthera
species of Estonia
Platanthera serves as a small-scale model for understanding the role
of pollinators and floral specialization in the adaptive radiation of
the Orchidaceae as a whole. We have measured spur lenghts of two
Platanthera species, Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha, to evaluate
the variation. The spur lengths of P. bifolia are from 24 mm to 41 mm
and for P. chlorantha from 17 mm to 37 mm in Estonia i.e. the spur of
P. bifolia is on average longer than the spur of P. chlorantha similarly to
Scandinavia. In other parts of Europe, for example in the British Isles,
the opposite situation has been described. For both species spur length
is slightly regressing from south to north. Pollinator communities
were analysed in the same populations where spur length and fruit set
was measured and the correlations are discussed.
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
Session
Orchid Flora
Deception
of Greek &
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Estonia, morphometrics,
Platanthera,
pollinator,
Scandinavia
DP6
PROGRAMME
119
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
Session
Orchid Flora
Deception
&
of Greek
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Black Sea Region, labellum,
micromorphology, photosynthetic / saprophytic orchids,
pollination,
SEM, terrestrial, Turkey
DP7
ŞENAY SÜNGÜ ŞEKER, MUSTAFA KEMAL AKBULUT,
GÜLCAN ŞENEL
[email protected]
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of
Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum/Samsun, TR-55200, TURKEY
Labellum micromorphology of
some orchid genera distributed in
the Black Sea Region
The wild orchids show rich biodiversity in Turkey. Orchidaceae family
is represented by 24 genera. Together with the hybrids, the number
of taxa in Turkey is indicated as 229 in recent records. The deceptive
pollination strategy is one of the reasons of the family’s biodiversity.
These unique plants are noteworthy with pollination strategies and
different floral variations. Orchid flowers attract the pollinators and
increase the pollination yield with colors, scents, shapes, energy-rich
rewards, such as nectar, and sexually deceptive pollination strategies
which are seen in the genus Ophrys. Several floral micromorphological
studies of deceptive orchids have shown that the basis for successful
flower–pollinator interaction is the occurrence of specialized scent
cells and micromorphological features such as osmophores. For
this purpose, in this study, we examine the correlation between
pollination strategies and floral micromorphological structure
of taxa showing some flower characteristics and having different
ecological requirements with photosynthetic and saprophytic
individuals belonging to 12 genera (Orchis, Ophrys, Dactylorhiza,
Serapias, Hymantoglossum, Limodorum, Neottia, Gymnadenia,
Platanthera, Cephalanthera, Steveniella, Spiranthes) in the Black Sea
Region. Samples were collected from localities in the Central and
Eastern Black Sea Regions. Using SEM, labellum and spur of the
plant samples were dissected and micromorphological features were
determined. In the samples, various epidermal features have been
identified in the spur that developmentally is an invagination of the
labellum and adaxial surface of the labellum. Typical secretory cells
had different sizes and shapes and nectar remains were found within
the structure of individuals with spur. In many genera, secratory
trichomes and osmophores were concentrated at the base of labellum
close to gynostemium. In the genus Ophrys, labellum surface was
covered with plenty of hairs. Also labellum surface striation was
varied among the orchid genera.
This research was funded by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey (114Z702).
120
TORC ‘15
D.P
Pollination
A.a
& Floral
MUSTAFA KEMAL AKBULUT1, ŞENAY SÜNGÜ ŞEKER1,
GÜLCAN ŞENEL1, ÖZNUR ERGEN AKÇİN2
[email protected]
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of
Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum/Samsun, TR-55200, TURKEY; 2Department of
Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Ordu, Ordu,
TR-52200, TURKEY
Session
A comparative study based on
labellum color analysis of certain
Ophrys (Orchidaceae) species
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Orchid flowers use some trait such as colors, scents, shapes, energy-rich rewards for attracting the pollinators and increasing the pollination yield. Otherwise, the genus Ophrys draws attention of many
researchers due to its sexual mimicry adaptations ensured by flower
characteristics. Ophrys flowers mimic females with labellum, ensuring
that the pollens are carried by transferring them to the pollinator with
the help of pseudocopulation. The area in the center of the labellum in
different colors and sizes is called as speculum and plays a significant
role in attracting the pollinator due to resemblance to bright wings or
bodies. CIELAB method of color analysis is practicable in many other areas in the field of agronomic research. Color spectrophotometry,
which is used for color / spectral analyzing, is an easy-to-use method
yielding rapidly results. According to the metod, each color has its own
distinct appearance, based on several value. The value L* represents
the difference in lightness/darkness and a* represents the difference in
red/green color while b* represents the difference in yellow/blue color. C* (chroma) describes the vividness or dullness of the color while
H* (hue) describes how the color is perceived. In this study, it was
researched whether the color of the speculum effect the pollinator behavior, and, whether or not, it is distinctive for the sympatric species
of Ophrys apifera, Ophrys eostifera subsp. oestifera and Ophrys mammosa
through the color analysis method, which is generally used for seeds.
Three species of the genus Ophrys (Orchidaceae) were compared by
conducting three- dimensional color analyses on their speculum taking place on their labellum and it was found that significant differences exist between the species with recpect to L*, a*, b*, C*, H* value.
Furthermore, colors of the species in the morphological observations
were recorded and compared with the results from the color analysis.
Although there is no significant difference between the species with
respect to L* value, significant differences were found with respect to
a*, b*, C* and H* values.
Orchid Flora
Deception
of Greek &
Reproductive
Islands
Success
Keywords:
Color, CIELAB,
deceptive pollination, Ophrys
apifera, Ophrys
eostifera subsp.
oestifera, Ophrys
mammosa,
speculum
DP8
This research was funded by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey (114Z702).
PROGRAMME
121
E.P
Ethnobotany
A.a
& PropagaSession
Orchid Flora
tion ofofNative
Greek
Orchids
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Anthropogenic factors,
Bulgaria,
conservation,
Orchis papilionaceae, Orchis
provincialis,
Orchis militaris,
Orchis Spitzelii,
rare orchid,
Rhodopes,
Salep
IRENA MINCHEVA, MIHAELA JORDANOVA,
EKATERINA KOZUHAROVA
[email protected]
Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University Sofia, Dunav 2 sr., BG-1000, Sofia, BULGARIA
On the traditional use of Salep in
the Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Wild orchids are traditionally harvested as Salep and used in
traditional medicine and for food in several countries in Eastern
Mediterranean. There are data presented by Ghorbani and coauthors
(2014a, 2014b) indicating that this is a hazardous factor for the
native populations. Traditional use of Salep and harvesting from the
wild populations in the mountains of Greece and Albania is also a
hazard for the native populations of some orchids (Kreziou et al.).
Collection of all Orchis species for tiding purpose is forbidden in
Bulgaria according to the Medicinal Plant Act. Also Biodiversity
Law protects Orchis papilionaceae L., O. provincialis Balb., O. militaris
L., О. spitzelii Saut.et Koch., all of them occurring in the Rhodopes.
In this preliminary study we investigate how popular Salep is in the
Rhodopes and to what extent it is collected and utilized. During the
January- April 2015 period, we interviewed 70 persons in different
locations in the Rhodopes. Our hemi-structured interviews included
the following questions: do you know what Salep is; what is it used
for; do you or any of your acquaintances collect the plants to obtain
Salep for home use; do you know orchids collectors; are you aware
for orchids trade connected with Salep production. We present a
map with distribution data of Orchis sp. div., Anacamptis sp. div. and
Dactilorhyza sp. div. based on herbarium materials, publications and
personal observations in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes. The
initial data obtained from the interviews indicate that Salep is not
popular amongst the local people in the Rhodopes and especially
Central Rhodopes. Most informants responded that they have never
heard of Salep. Some informants responded that they know the name
but details about use are blurring. Persons who knew about its use
got the information from herb collectors years ago.
EP1
Ghorbani, A., Zarre, S., Gravendeel, B., de Boer, H. J. (2014a). Illegal wild collection
and international trade of CITES-listed terrestrial orchid tubers in Iran. TRAFFIC Bulletin, 26(2): 52-58.
Ghorbani, A., Gravendeel, B., Naghibi, F., de Boer, H. (2014b). Wild orchid tuber collection in Iran: a wake-up call for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23(11):
2749-2760.
Kreziou A., Gravendseel B., de Boer, H. (in press). Traditional use and harvesting of
Salep orchids in Nortwestern Greece. Biodiversity and Conservation.
122
TORC ‘15
BO LONG1, WENJUN SU2
[email protected]
1
School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, CHINA;
2
Biology Center, The first People’s Hospital of Kunming, 650011, CHINA
Efficient in vitro propagation
method with increased shoot
organogenesis of endangered
Paphiopedilum parishii
Paphiopedilum spp. (Orchidaceae) of the subfamily Cypripedioideae
(Lady’s slipper orchids), are sold as attractive plants on the
horticulture market. The purpose of this study was to provide a
pragmatic propagation method for P. parishii (Rchb. f.) Stein. P. parishii
grows in broad-leaved forests of Southern Yunnan. It is a critically
endangered species (IUCN, Vol.1 of China’s Red List Species &
CITES Appendix 1) due to habitat destruction, over-collection of the
native plant, and subsequent large-scale illegal trade. The frequency
of regular seed germination by P. parishii is very low. To grow a
new plant in nature, 4-5 years are needed. However, native plant
supply cannot meet the horticultural market demands. Therefore,
in order to conserve this specie and avoid further destruction of
remaining native plants, it is necessary to propagate them rather in
horticulture. Different combinations of conditions of plant growth
regulators (PGRs) on seed germination and shoot multiplication were
investigated. We observed that seed germination was higher under
such controlled conditions than in the wild. The explants showed a
double increase in the frequency of shoot organogenesis. The use of
plantlets, derived by this in vitro seed germination method for shoot
multiplication shorten therefore the reproduction cycle and offer an
attractive horticulture application. In consequence, our results offer
new means for the conservation of P. parishii.
E.P
Ethnobotany
A.a
& PropagaSession
Orchid Flora
tion
of Native
of Greek
Orchids
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
China, conservation,
endangered
orchids, illegal
trade, Paphiopedilum parishii,
PGRs, red-listed
orchid, propagation, shoot
multiplication,
tissue culture
EP2
This research was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (31100249).
PROGRAMME
123
F.P
Population
A.a
Dynamics &
Session
Orchid Flora
Determinants
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Conservation,
Himantoglossum adriaticum,
Hungary,
phytogeography, threatened
orchid
JUDIT BÓDIS1, ÉVA BIRÓS1, T. NAGY1, L. MENYHÁRT2
[email protected]
1
Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, 2Department of
Economic Methodology, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia,
H-8360 Keszthely, Deák F. u. 16., HUNGARY
The size and characteristics
of Himantoglossum adriaticum
populations in Hungary
Orchids are vulnerable because of their complex life-cycle,
especially their mycorrhiza and pollinator dependency, while their
pioneer characteristics help them to survive. Adriatic Lizard orchid
(Himantoglossum adriaticum), which has small range in the region of
Adria, is characterized by this dichotomy too, It is a Natura 2000,
CITES species and strictly protected plant in Hungary. This orchid has
four larger and one smaller populations in Hungary (other satellite
locations are also known). All of the populations were censused
between 2012 and 2014. All vegetative rosettes were counted and
measured in March. They were classified by life-stages according
to the width of the largest leaf. The reproductive individuals were
censused in June. In Hungary were 2466, 4211, and 5029 specimens
in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. About 60% of plants grew in
Sümeg region, majority along a paved road; 19 % at Kőszeg, in the
late vineyard of the town. 10-10 % was in Nagytevel and Keszthely, as
well as 1 % was in Sopron region. The 60-80% of the plants belonged
to the seedling, juvenile and small vegetative life-stages in every
population. The proportion of the flowering plants was 0.81, 4.49 and
10.62% in 2012-2014. In the humid 2014 year there were twice as
many vegetative plants as in the arid 2012 year. However, as for the
flowering specimen there was a twenty-seven-fold increase. Every
habitat is threatened by shrubs and the spontaneous forestation, but
there is no need to worry about the drastic decline of the Hungarian
populations.
FP1
124
TORC ‘15
MILAN KOTILÍNEK, T. TĚŠITELOVÁ, P. FIBICH, Z. IPSER,
Z. MÜNZBERGOVÁ, JANA JERSÁKOVÁ
[email protected]
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370
05 České Budějovice, CZECH REPUBLIC
Seed dispersal curves of Epipactis
atrorubens in two forest types
The minute orchid seeds are often thought to be practically unlimited
in their dispersal. However, the statistical chance of seed rain clearly
decreases dramatically with the distance to the mother plant. Our
present knowledge on orchid seed dispersal is based on few studies
of meadow species showing that impressing reports of long distance
dispersal need to be regarded as extremely rare cases. Seed dispersal
was found to be affected by wind speed, height of mother plant and
height of neighboring herb layer. In forest habitats, the dispersal
efficiency of windborne seeds might be particularly low due to
restricted air movement. We investigated the seeds dispersal of
Epipactis atrorubens, green calciphylous forest orchid growing in two
forest types - beech and pine forests differing in composition of herbal
layer and density of trees. The seed traps were regularly spaced in
a 20x20 m network laid around investigated plants. Our poster will
present seed dispersal curves in both forest types and a model of orchid
seed dispersal parameterized with empirical data.
F.P
Population
A.a
Dynamics &
Session
Orchid Flora
Determinants
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Ecology,
Epipactis
atrorubens,
reproductive
success
FP2
PROGRAMME
125
F.P
Population
A.a
Dynamics &
Session
Orchid Flora
Determinants
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Conservation,
India, population dynamics,
threatened
orchid, Western
Ghats
FP3
126
YUSUF ABBAS1, M. JADEYEGOWDA2, R. SUJATHA1,
M.N. RAMESH2
[email protected]
1
College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kasargod, Kerala Agricultural
University, Kerala, INDIA; 2College of Forestry, Ponnampet, University of
Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka, INDIA
Orchid Diversity at Kodagu District of Western Ghats in India
The biodiversity of Western Ghats is among the richest in the world
– one among the eight of ‘hottest’ biodiversity hotspots and is a
UNESCO world heritage site. Orchids comprise a unique group of
plants in this area with their long lasting and bewitchingly beautiful
flowers. However, the flora and fauna also represents some of the
most highly threatened forms in the world, as a result of continuing
loss of habitat, fragmentation of land, expanding human population
and other activities. Orchids are occurring mainly in humid tropics
and temperate regions of the world with about 30000 species, to
which India contributes around 1200 species. In India, they are
concentrated mainly in four regions: Himalaya, the north east India,
the peninsular India and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. North eastern
region comprising states of Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura account
to about 800 species and the Western Ghats in peninsular India
(spread in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) contribute
around 275 species of wild orchids. The Western Ghats orchids
were indiscriminately exploited for the local traditional medicine
and for horticulture purpose which poses the threat of extinction
of some species. Karnataka has 175 species of which 60-65 species
has been reported from Kodagu district alone. Our preliminary
surveys indicate higher diversity of orchids in natural forests. Among
different ecosystems, higher orchid diversity was found in evergreen
shola forests compared to deciduous forests. In order to study orchid
richness we have classified the region to six major habitats, viz.,
Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Bramhagiri wild life sanctuary,
Talakaveri wildlife Sanctuary, Rajeev Gandhi National Park, sacred
groves/forest and coffee based agro forestry systems. Among these,
Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary and Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary
are known as treasure troves of orchids in Western Ghats. The wild
orchids found in the protected areas include Bulbophyllum mysorense,
Aerids cripa, A. maculosa, Dendrobium crepidatum, Cymbidium bicolor,
Pecteilis gigantea, Satyrium nepalense, Habenaria longicornifolia,
Oberonia denticulata, Polidota pallida, Rhyncostylis retusa etc., among
which some are rare, endangered and medicinal types. With respect
to the species diversity, we observed that four genera exhibited
highest variation compared to others viz., Dendrobium, Bulbphyllum,
Hebanaria and Oberonia. The maximum number of orchid species are
seen in the genus Dendrobium followed by Bulbophyllum.
TORC ‘15
HÉLÈNE VOGT-SCHILB1,2, FRANÇOIS MUNOZ3,
FRANCK RICHARD1, BERTRAND SCHATZ1
[email protected]
1
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS
– Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route
de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, FRANCE; 2Biotope, 22 boulevard
Maréchal Foch, 34140 Mèze, FRANCE; Laboratoire botAnique et bioinforMatique de l’Architecture des Plantes (AMAP, UMR 931), Université
Montpellier 2, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51 / PS2, 34398 Montpellier
Cedex 5, FRANCE
Decline and range shift of orchids
in Western Europe (France,
Belgium and Luxembourg) over
20 years: a study based on a
large-scale participatory survey
In recent decades, many studies have documented local declines of
orchid species due to environmental changes. However, few data are
available about the changes of orchid species distributions at large
spatial and temporal scales. We aimed to characterize the recent
dynamics of orchid distribution patterns in Western Europe, in regard
to (i) land cover changes in the same period and (ii) species’ ecology.
We analyzed data from a large-scale participatory survey of 134 orchid
species recorded over 20 years in France, Belgium and Luxembourg. We
designed null models to assess the nature and significance of recorded
changes within each administrative unit (i.e. départements, regions
and country for France, Belgium and Luxembourg, respectively) and for
each orchid species. We found sharp declines of orchids in the northern
part of the study area (i.e. northern France, Belgium, Luxembourg),
in relation to strong urbanization pressure in those regions, resulting
in an overall shift to the Mediterranean area in the south. Western
European orchids are thus affected and threatened by both climatic and
land cover changes. Moreover, orchid species of wetlands and humid
grasslands tended to decline more than species from closed forest and
shrubland habitats. From a methodological point of view, we advocate
the design of null models to account for sampling heterogeneity in
large datasets. This use of null models opens promising perspectives
for addressing critical issues on species ecology and biodiversity
conservation at large spatial and temporal scales.
PROGRAMME
G.P
Conservation
A.a
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Belgium,
conservation, ecology,
Europe, France,
land use, longterm study,
Luxembourg,
threatened
orchid
GP1
127
G.P
Conservation
A.a
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Conservation,
ecology, France,
phytogeography, policy,
population
dynamics,
threatened
orchid
BERTRAND SCHATZ, PERRINE GAUTHIER, MAX DEBUSSCHE,
JOHN THOMPSON
[email protected]
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS –
Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route de
Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, FRANCE
Analysis of the current protection
of orchid species in France:
evidence of biases and proposal
for improvements by articulating
priorities on regional and national
scales
Application of priority selection methods to real situations has become
a key issue of conservation biology. We analyzed the protection of
orchid species in France as they are sensitive to global changes and
have a great flagship status. We highlighted biases in the current
protection (ghost protection, no protection for recently discovered
species, compensation of national protection by regional ones). We
then proposed an objective method which uses quantified data from
atlas on their distribution, abundance and decline to score orchid
species for three criteria (national responsibility, rarity and decline) in
order to list them at either the national or regional scale. Currently, 21
orchid taxa are listed for national protection, 78 for regional protection
and 58 have no conservation status. Our proposed method produced
a list of 57 taxa for the national list, 52 for regional protection and
42 unprotected taxa. The slight increase in the total number of listed
taxa (from 99 to 109), involves a more than two-fold increase in
national protection with a reduction of regional protection from 262
to 75 listings. We showed advantages of our methods in the policy of
conservation and incite to its generalization for other plant families
and in other countries.
GP2
128
TORC ‘15
G.P
Conservation
A.a
ERROL VÉLA1, ROLAND MARTIN2
[email protected]
1
University of Montpellier; UMR AMAP, CIRAD bât. PS2 – TA/A51, Bd de
la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez, 34298 Montpellier cedex, FRANCE; Red
List Authority Coordinator of the Mediterranean Plant Specialist Group
of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission; 2Société Méditerranéenne
d’Orchidologie, rue Aramand, 84248 La Motte-d’Aigues, FRANCE
Session
Rapid preliminary assessment for
national red-listing orchid taxa
in Tunisia
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
On the occasion of the publication of the book “Orchids of Tunisia”
(Martin, R. 2015), we wanted to exploit the findings of the field
mapping from the perspective of establishing a Red List of orchids
in Tunisia. We therefore carried out for each taxon, a regiona, i.e.
national, pre-assessment according to the categories and criteria of
the IUCN version 3.1 (UICN 2001) and guidelines for the regional
implementation of the IUCN version 3.0. (UICN 2003). The
evaluation of all taxa identified in our monograph is possible in
terms of data, however, many taxa are not retained in the taxonomic
reference which are usually recommended by the Working Group
of the IUCN Mediterranean (Govaerts R. 2014). This problem is the
result of an intense conflict among taxonomic Ophrys and Serapias
genera, particularly represented in Tunisia through a rich regional
endemism with potentially threatened taxa. The preassessment was
nevertheless made and several threatened taxa of this region are
presented here.
Martin, R., Ouni, R., Véla, E., (2015) – Orchidées de Tunisie. Soc. Bot. Centre- Ouest édit.,
Jarnac (sous-presse).
UICN (2001) Catégories et critères de l’UICN pour la liste rouge : Version 3.1. – CSE de
l’UICN, Gland & Cambridge: II & 32.
UICN (2003) Lignes directrices pour l’application, au niveau régional, des critères de
l’UICN pour la liste rouge: Version 3.0. – CSE de l’UICN, Gland & Cambridge: II & 26.
Govaerts R., Bernet, P., Kratochvil, K., Gerlach, G., Carr, G., Alrich, P., Pridgeon, A.M.,
Pfahl, J., Campacci, M.A., Holland Baptista, D., Tigges, H., Shaw, J., Cribb, P., George,
A., Kreuz, K., Wood, J. (2014). World Checklist of Orchidaceae. Facilitated by the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ Retrieved
2014-12-14.
PROGRAMME
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Keywords:
Conservation,
rare orchids,
red-listed orchids, taxonomy, Tunisia
GP3
129
G.P
Conservation
A.a
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Australia, ex
situ conservation, long-term
conservation,
population
dynamics
KINGSLEY W. DIXON
[email protected]
Kings Park and Botanic Garden and The University of Western Australia,
Nedlands 6009, AUSTRALIA
Evolution at the end of the earth
– orchid conservation in the
southwest Australian hotspot
When Charles Darwin visited the southwest of Australia in 1836 he
remarked that never had he seen such a dull and uninteresting place.
He never again visited. But had Darwin stepped ashore and ventured
just a few kilometers inland he would have discovered a botanical
wonderland unrivalled for diversity, richness and evolutionary
exuberance. Western Australia has an astonishing 12,000 species of
flowering plants, over 80% endemism with the highest diversity of
terrestrial orchids with over 400 species including the remarkable
Western Australian underground orchid that spends its entire life
cycle hidden from view in the dry and parched soils of the interior.
The southwest of the remarkable continent of Australia provides a
laboratory unparalleled in the opportunities for investigating the very
engine for evolution in orchids shared only in richness and diversity
with the Cape flora of South Africa. Now more than at any other time,
orchid science is also advancing in the fields of ex situ conservation
through to pollination ecology and mycorrhizal biology leading to
many new and important discoveries that are helping to protect
and conserve orchids. The presentation will outline approaches to
understand orchid diversity and the critical life phases and biological
partnerships that are the basis for developing effective long-term
conservation.
GP4
130
TORC ‘15
RAFAEL SCHNEIDER, BERTIL KRÜSI, MARILENA PALMISANO,
YASMINA BOUNAÂJA, JOËL WIESER, PHILIPP RÜEGG,
LUKAS WEIDMANN
[email protected]
G.P
Conservation
A.a
Session
Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of
Applied Sciences, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Report on an effective ex-situ
evaluation tool for determining
potential orchid areas
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Changes in the use of fertilizers, which in turn are resulting in
consequent increase of the nutrient input, cause the disturbance and
loss of the orchid habitats in Switzerland. Because of their minute
seeds, which hardly contain any nutritive tissue, orchids are reliant
on a mycorrhizal fungus, which provides the required nutrients for
germination and further development. New potential areas like
created habitats or ecological green roofs could improve the situation
of decreasing orchid populations in Switzerland. To reduce the
error rate and costs spent on ex-situ projects for establishing orchid
populations, a valuation of suitable habitats is important. In-situ and
ex-situ germination experiments were done both in different orchid
habitats and potential areas. Seeds from different native orchid species
were buried using seed packages in slide frames (Rasmussen et al.
1993). After two months first protocorms of Anacamptis pyramidalis,
Anacamptis morio, Serapias vomeracea and Ophrys apifera have been
found in the study sites. The experiments also demonstrated large
differences in the germination rate between the species and different
sites. To qualify the results, the experiment was combined with the
molecular identification of the fungi. Over 50 different isolates of
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota could be gained from the protocorms
and sequenced. The results provide valuable insights about the eligible
areas for ex-situ establishment of orchids, but also about the time of
germination and the stage of development of the orchids in nature.
Moreover, the results indicate the approach necessary for isolation and
identification of fungi from protocorms and the relevance of a suitable
fungi for the germination and growth of orchids ex-situ.
Keywords:
Conservation,
DNA-sequencing, edaphon,
ex-situ, land
use, mycorrhiza, protocorms,
reproductive
success, slide
method
GP5
Rasmussen, H.N., Whigham, D.F. (1993) Seed ecology of dust seeds in situ: a new
study technique and its application in terrestrial orchids. American Journal of Botany
80 (12): 1374- 1378.
PROGRAMME
131
G.P
Conservation
A.a
Session
Orchid Flora
of Greek
Islands
Chair:
Spyros
Tsiftsis
Keywords:
Aegean Islands,
conservation,
entomophily,
phytogeography, pollination
syndrome,
rare orchids,
red-listed orchids, threteaned orchids
APHRODITE KANTSA, ANASTASIA STEFANAKI,
THOMAS TSCHEULIN, MARTHA CHARITONIDOU,
THEODORA PETANIDOU
[email protected]
Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography,
University of the Aegean, Mytilene, GREECE
Red data orchids in Greece: do
traits predict vulnerability?
Plant traits are direct indicators of plants’ habits, needs and function, and as such they may predict vulnerability. Among them, floral
traits are directly associated with reproduction and, subsequently,
the population sizes of insect-pollinated plants. Nevertheless, efforts
that describe and analyze the role of these traits regarding the actual
conservation status of plants are rare and they do not provide clear
trends. Here, we present and discuss the position of the 21 Greek red
data orchids in the “vulnerability landscape” as shaped by a number
of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with emphasis on floral traits. Specifically, based on a detailed investigation of the 427 insect-pollinated taxa included in the two editions of the Red Data Book of Rare and
Threatened Plants of Greece, we estimated the effects of seven intrinsic (i.e. floral complexity; floral color; floral size; flowering season;
flowering duration; life form; asexual reproduction ability) and five
extrinsic factors (i.e. habitat; minimum altitude; maximum distance
of populations; endemism; phytogeographical region) on vulnerability as estimated according to the criteria of IUCN. Furthermore, we
introduce Floral Complexity Index, a novel metric for the quantitative
estimation of floral complexity that has been developed in the present
work. Our results indicate floral complexity as an intrinsic factor that
significantly predicts plant vulnerability and highlight the urge to
consider plant–pollinator interactions in the development of holistic
conservation plants.
GP6
132
TORC ‘15
Keyword Index
Abiotic / biotic factors 76, 86, 90, 100
Chlorophyllous orchids 62, 63
Achlorophyllous orchids 62, 63
Climate change 42, 44, 48, 87, 91
Actinobacteria 67
Color space (CIELAB) 121
Aegean Islands 42-45, 71, 73, 114, 117,
132
AFLP markers 57-59
Conservation (Ex situ conservation,
long-term conservation) 44, 52, 53, 57,
58, 61, 67, 70, 75, 78, 81-83, 86-96, 100, 103,
104, 107, 109, 114, 122-124, 126-132
Algeria 54, 104
Cosmetics 84
Amino acids 78
Cypripedium 49, 64, 95
Anacamptis (A. pyramidalis, A. palustris)
59, 83, 103, 106, 122, 131
Cyprus 59, 116
Andrena (nigroaenea, flavipes) 71, 87
Anthocyanin pathway 77
Anthropogenic factors 42, 58, 89, 95, 122
Antioxidant activity 84
Asia 46, 58, 61, 74
Australia 130
Batesian floral mimicry 69
Belgium 127
Bioactive compounds (Pharmacolocically active compounds) 81, 84
Black Sea Region 120
British Isles 48, 87, 119
Bulgaria 60, 122
C 63-65, 110
13
Campanula 72
Cephalanthera (C. rubra) 62, 72, 120
Chile 113
China 123
136
Czech Republic (Bohemia) 91
Dactylorhiza (D. fuchsia, D. maculate,
D. majalis, D. sambucina) 56, 66, 67, 80,
83, 91, 118, 120
Database (Digital key database,
POL-AEGIS database) 45, 60, 89, 107, 114
Deception (Sexual deception, deceptive
pollination) 69, 70, 72, 79, 80, 115-119
DNA-barcoding, DNA-sequencing 46,
51, 53, 55, 60, 61, 71, 93, 108, 109, 111, 113,
131
Ecology 43, 45, 55, 69, 72, 74-76, 86, 87,
107, 114, 125, 127, 128
Ectomycorrhizal fungi 63-65, 90, 110
Edaphon 96, 131
Endangered orchids 123
Entomophily 45, 70, 132
Epidendroideae
51, 65
Epipogium 61
Epipactis (E. atrorubens, E. helleborine,
E. veratrifolia subsp. Oaseana) 45, 53, 62,
74, 101, 108-110, 125
TORC ‘15
Estonia 57, 59, 119
HS-SPME 84, 85
Ethnopharmacology 84
Hungary 60, 75, 105, 124
Eurasia 58, 61
Hybridization 60, 105
Europe 45, 49, 53, 55, 56-58, 60, 61, 70, 74,
94, 109, 118, 119, 127
Illegal trade 81, 123
Evolution 44, 46, 52, 62, 69-71, 108, 115,
130
India 81, 126
Integral projection model 91
Ex-situ 96, 131
Introgression 55
Firmicutes 67
Iraq 106
Floral scent 46, 69, 72, 74, 76, 77, 84, 85,
117
Island of Agathonisi 44
Floral traits 46, 78, 117, 132
France 54, 57, 61, 71, 127, 128
Fungi 62-66, 86, 90, 92, 110-113, 131
GC-EAD 74
GC-MS 67, 74, 84, 85, 117
Germination (In vitro) 62, 79, 83, 90, 112,
113, 123, 131
Greece 42-45, 53, 60, 71, 100, 103, 108,
109, 114, 122, 132
Gymnadenia (G. Conopsea) 56, 77, 78,
120
H 64
Island of Corsica 88
Island of Samos 42, 44, 71, 73, 100
Island of Sardinia 71, 107
Isotopic analysis 63, 64, 110
Isotria medeoloides 90
Israel 101, 115
Japan 65, 68
Kefalonia (Greece) 71, 103
Kurdistan 106
Labellum 120, 121
2
Land use 42, 88, 95, 127, 131
Habitat (Island habitat) 43, 44, 46, 49,
58, 67, 68, 74, 76, 82, 86, 88, 94-96, 101,
109-111, 117, 118, 123-127, 131, 132
Lebanon 101, 102
Himalaya 81, 126
Long-term study 42, 44, 87, 88, 91, 130
Himantoglossum (H. adriaticum,
H. galilaeum) 75, 82, 83, 101, 105, 106, 124
Luisia 46
HPAEC-PAD 78
HPLC-DAD 84
PROGRAMME
Liparis loeselii 57
Luxembourg 127
Malaxis monophyllos 58
137
Marshes 103
Medicinal orchids 81, 84, 85
Microbiology (orchids) 67
Micromorphology (Seed micromorpholoy) 56, 120
Mixotrophy 62, 63, 65
Monoterpenes 84, 85
Morphometrics 52, 54, 55, 68, 74, 116,
117, 119
Mycoheterotrophy 61-65, 69, 110
Mycorrhiza 62-66, 90, 92, 96, 110-113,
124, 130, 131
N 63, 110
15
Nectar 46, 55, 69, 76, 78, 79, 94, 120
Neotinea (N. tridentate, N. ustulata) 60,
82, 83
Nepal 81, 126
Network theory 70
Orchidaceae 46, 56, 70-72, 74, 75, 77, 102,
103, 106, 111, 112, 115, 119-121, 123, 129
Orchis (O. mascula, O. militaris,
O. papilionaceae, O. provincialis,
O. spitzelii) 76, 79, 82, 83, 106, 120,
122
Paphiopedilum parishii 123
Partial endoreplication 51
Phylogeny 50, 52, 53, 56-58, 60, 108, 109,
111, 114
Phytogeography, phylogeography 43,
53, 57, 58, 60, 61, 100, 102, 108, 109, 124,
128, 132
PGRs 123
Platanthera, Platanthera chlorantha 55,
56, 79, 119, 120
Poland 58, 61, 80, 118
Policy 128
Pollination 45, 46, 52, 54, 55, 58, 69-80,
83, 87, 114-121, 130, 132
North America 56, 58, 92
Pollination syndrome 46, 69, 79, 118,
132
Northern hemisphere 56, 67, 110
Pollinium (pollen cluster) 83, 115
Nuclear genome 51, 108
Propagation (Ex situ / in situ
propagation) 81, 83, 92, 96, 123
Nutrients (Carbon) 64, 66, 96, 131
Olfaction 72
Ophrys (O. apifera, O. eostifera,
O. leucadica subsp. Beerii, O. mammosa,
O. parosica, O. pseudomigoutiana,
O. speculum, O. sphegodes, O. umbilicata)
44, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 64, 70, 71, 73, 82, 83,
87, 95, 101, 104, 106, 115-117, 120, 121,
129, 131
Orchid metamere 68
138
Population genetics 59
Population dynamics 68, 86, 88, 89, 91,
94, 100, 126, 128, 130
Portugal 47, 71
Prosthechea 84, 85
Proteobacteria 67
Protocorms 66, 96, 112, 131
TORC ‘15
Pseudorchis 56
Spain 59, 71
Pseudophrys 54, 104
Spiranthes spiralis 111, 112, 120
Public awareness 92
Systematics 50, 52
Rare orchid species (New species, new
taxa) 47, 49, 57, 58, 62, 67, 72, 73, 75, 83,
91, 95, 101, 104-107, 113, 114, 118, 122,
126, 129, 132
Taxonomy (Chemotaxonomy) 45, 53, 54,
61, 71, 73, 74, 85, 102, 104, 105, 107, 108,
129
Red-listed orchids 96, 123, 129, 132
Terrestrial orchids 113, 120, 122, 130,
131
Rendezvous attraction 72
Thanatephorus 110-112
Reproductive success 55, 75, 77-80, 94,
111, 112, 114, 125, 131
Threatened orchids 81, 87, 90, 94, 96,
124, 126-129, 132
Rhizoctonia 63-65, 110-112
Tissue culture 123
Rhizosphere 67
Trehalase 66
Rhodopes 122
Tuber 67, 82, 110, 122
RT-PCR 66
Tunesia 71, 104
Russia 49, 57, 67, 68
Turkey 60, 82, 83, 111, 112, 120, 121
Saprophytic orchids 120
Ukraine 57, 68
Salep 82, 83, 122
Vegetative/generative parts (orchid)
68
Scandinavia 119
Seed & fungal banks 92
Selective pressure 55
Western Ghats 126
Wetlands 94, 95, 103, 110, 127
SEM 56, 120
Serapias 47, 82, 83, 120, 129, 131
Sesquiterpenes 85
Shoot (Shoot-root module,
shoot multiplication) 62, 68, 90, 123
Siberia 49
Slovenia 59
Slide method 131
PROGRAMME
139
Participants List
participant
information / contact
p.
Yusuf Abbas
College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kasargod,
Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India
35,
126
[email protected]
Mustafa Kemal
Akbulut
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum/Samsun,
TR-55200, Turkey
34,
120,
121
[email protected]
Zissis Antonopoulos
Thessaloniki, Greece
[email protected]
Manfred Ayasse
Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm,
Helmholtz str. 10/1, Containerdorf, D-89081, Ulm,
Germany
[email protected]
Éva Biró
Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, H-8360
Keszthely, Deák F. u. 16., Hungary
[email protected]
Jørn Erik Bjørndalen
Jens Bjelkesgate 16A, Oslo, N-0562, Norway
Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, H-8360
Keszthely, Deák F. u. 16., Hungary
[email protected]
Emilia Brzosko
University of Białystok, Institute of Botany, 20B Street,
15-950 Białystok, Poland
[email protected]
Martha Charitonidou
30,
35,
36,
75,
105,
124
39,
95
[email protected]
Judit Bódis
33,
34,
72,
74,
117
School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
30,
35,
75,
105,
124
34,
59,
80,
118
109,
132
[email protected]
Pierluigi Cortis
University of Cagliari, Department of Enviromental and
Life Science, viale Sant’Ignazio, 13 Cagliari, Italy
30,
107
[email protected]
Jennifer Dietel
Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm,
Helmholtzstr. 10/1, Containerstaft, D-89081, Ulm,
Germany
36,
74
[email protected]
142
TORC ‘15
participant
information / contact
p.
Andreas D. Drouzas
Laboratoryof Systematic Botany and Phytogeography,
School of Biology, Aristotle University Thessaloniki,
Greece
30,
31,
52,
108,
109
[email protected]
Kingsley Dixon
Kings Park and Botanic Garden and The University of
Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
[email protected]
Fabiana Esposito 
Biodiversity Research Centre (BDIV), Université
catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
18,
35,
130
31,
55
[email protected]
Jan Essink &
Liesbeth Essink
Westerkampen NL 8 9442 TR ELP, Netherlands
Giorgos Fakas
Vathi, Island of Samos GR-83100, Greece
[email protected]
[email protected]
Mike F. Fay
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom
[email protected]
Dieter Fritsch
15,
29,
100
18,
29,
31,
39,
48,
50,
93
Jodef Pfeffer Weg 9, D-79540 Lörrach, Germany
[email protected]
Pablo Galán Cela
Universidad Politécnica Madrid, EUIT Forestal. Ramiro
de Maeztu sn, ES-28015 Madrid, Spain
[email protected]
Roberto Gamarra
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
31,
56
[email protected]
Agyrios Gerakis
P.O. Box 66, Argostoli, GR-28100, Greece
[email protected]
Gerhard Gebauer
BayCEER – Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry,
University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
[email protected]
PROGRAMME
29,
103
32,
63,
64,
110
143
participant
information / contact
p.
Pieter Gijbels
Department, University of Leuven, Arenbergpark
31/ 2435, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
36,
76
[email protected]
Xenophon Haldas
18 Tsilimidou St. Argostoli, Cephalonia, 28100, Greece
[email protected]
Monika Hirth
Arbeitskreis Heimischer Orchideen (AHO)
Baden-Württemberg, Runzstraße 6, D-79102 Freiburg,
Germany
[email protected]
Kaan Hürkan
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri
Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale,Turkey
[email protected]
Michael J. Hutchings
Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences,
University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex,
BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
29,
103
29,
34,
36,
44,
73,
116
32,
60,
83
38,
87
[email protected]
Aigi Ilves
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,
Estonian University of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 5,
Tartu, 51014, Estonia
[email protected]
Zdeněk Ipser
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia,
Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice,
Czech Republic
[email protected]
Edyta Jermakowicz
Institute of Biology, University of Białystok,
Świerkowa 20B, PL-15950 Białystok, Poland
32,
59,
79,
94
35,
38,
91,
125
32,
58
[email protected]
Jana Jersáková
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia,
Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
32,
58
[email protected]
Nina Joffard
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)
UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier –
Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende,
34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
33,
70
[email protected]
144
TORC ‘15
participant
information / contact
p.
Aphrodite Kantsa
Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department
of Geography, University of the Aegean, Mytilen,
Greece
33,
36,
114,
132
[email protected]
Eirini Katsalirou
P.O. Box 66, Argostoli, GR-28100, Greece
[email protected]
Yasemin Kemeç
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Institute of
Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology,
Çanakkale, Turkey
34,
83
[email protected]
Pavel Kindlmann
Department of Theoretical Ecology, Global Change
Research Centre, AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic;
Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science,
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
19,
38,
86,
89
[email protected]
Alexander Kocyan
Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute
of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam,
Maulbeerallee 2a, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; ETH
Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitatstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
29,
31,
46,
57
[email protected]
Christian Körner
Institute of Botany, University Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH4056 Basel, Switzerland
28,
42
[email protected]
Milan Kotilínek
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia,
Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice,
Czech Republic
35,
125
[email protected]
Ekaterina
Kozuharova
Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Dunav 2 sr., BG1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
34,
122
[email protected]
Barbora Kubatova
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia,
Na sadkach 1780, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech
Republic
[email protected]
PROGRAMME
145
participant
information / contact
p.
Tiiu Kull
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,
Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia
34,
39,
59,
77,
79,
94,
119
[email protected]
Luicita LagunezRivera
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional
unidad Oaxaca. Hornos 1003, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán,
C.P. 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
37,
84,
85
[email protected]
Felix Lallemand
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris
32,
65
[email protected]
Bo Long
School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University,
Kunming 650091, China
34,
123
[email protected]
Panagiotis Madesis
Laboratoryof Systematic Botany and Phytogeography,
School of Biology, Aristotle University
Thessaloniki, Greece
53
[email protected]
Dovile Malinauskaite
Department Life Sciences and Facility Management,
Zurich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8820
Wädenswil, Switzerland
96
[email protected]
Julita Minasiewicz
Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59,
PL-80308 Gdańsk, Poland
32,
61
[email protected]
María Isabel Mujica
Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa,
Santiago, Institute of Ecology & Biodiversity (IEB),
Alameda 340, Santiago, Departamento de Ecología,
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340,
Santiago
30,
113
[email protected]
Emma Ortúñez
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid
56
[email protected]
146
TORC ‘15
participant
information / contact
p.
Yasemin Özdener
Kömpe
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum/Samsun,
TR-55200, Turkey
30,
111,
112
[email protected]
Ibrahim Ozkoc
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum/Samsun,
TR-55200, Turkey
30,
111,
112
[email protected]
Bijaya Pant
Central Dept. of BotanyCentral, Institute of Science and
Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Post
Box 26429, Kiritipur, Nepal
37,
81
[email protected]
Hannes Paulus
Department of Integrative Zoology University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria
[email protected]
Natalia Pelteki
Laboratoryof Systematic Botany and Phytogeography,
School of Biology, Aristotle University Thessaloniki,
Greece
19,
33,
34,
36,
69,
71,
73,
115,
116,
117
30,
53,
108
[email protected]
Theodora Petanidou
Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of
Geography, University of the Aegean University Hill,
GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece
[email protected]
Nikos Petrou
Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature Nikis 20,
GR 10557 Athen, Greece
20,
29,
33,
45,
114,
132
15,
28
[email protected]
Jan Ponert
Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of
Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5,
128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic; Prague Botanical
Garden, Nádvorní 134, 171 00 Praha 7 – Troja, Czech
Republic
33,
51,
66
[email protected]
PROGRAMME
147
participant
information / contact
p.
Demetra Rakosy
Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm,
Germany
34,
117
[email protected]
Els
Rhijnsburger
Eikenhoven 62, Limburg, 6225 GT Maastricht, Netherlands
[email protected]
Pantelis Saliaris
P.O. Box 75, GR82100 Chios, Greece
Bernard Schatz
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)
UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier –
Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende,
34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
[email protected]
Julienne M.-I.
Schiebold
BayCEER – Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry,
University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth,
Germany
[email protected]
Rafael Schneider
Department Life Sciences and Facility Management,
Zurich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8820
Wädenswil, Switzerland
[email protected]
Gülcan Şenel
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and
Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, 55200 Atakum,
Turkey
35,
36,
70,
76,
88,
127,
128
30,
32,
63,
64,
110
35,
39,
96,
131
34,
120,
121
[email protected]
Şenay Süngü Şeker
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and
Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum/Samsun, TR-55200, Turkey
34,
120,
121
[email protected]
Marc-André Selosse
Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique
et Evolution, UMR 7205 ISYEB CP 50, 45 rue Buffon,
75005 Paris, France
[email protected]
Ekrim Sezik
Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul,
Turkey
[email protected]
148
20,
28,
32,
61,
62,
65
21,
37,
82
TORC ‘15
participant
information / contact
p.
Nina V. Shekhovtsova
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Demidov
Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya str., 14,
Yaroslavl, RU-150000, Russia
33,
67
[email protected]
Asaf Shifman
Moshav Merhavia 19105, Israel
[email protected]
Rodolfo
Solano - Gómez
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional
unidad Oaxaca. Hornos 1003, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán,
C.P. 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
29,
101
38,
84,
85
[email protected]
Kristi Sootla
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Mathematics and
Natural Sciences, Tallinn UniversityTallinn University,
Narva mnt 29, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia
36,
77
[email protected]
Zuzana Štípková
Department of Theoretical Ecology, Global Change
Research Centre, AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute
for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic
38,
86,
89
[email protected]
Erich Supper
Breitenseerstrasse 112/6/17, A1140 Wien 14,
Austria
[email protected]
Izabella Tałałaj
University of Białystok, Institute of Botany, Świerkowa,
20B Street, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
[email protected]
Kadri Tali
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5,
51014 Tartu, Estonia
[email protected]
Yeshayahu (Ishi)
Talmon
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
34,
37,
80,
118
36,
59,
94,
119
29,
101
[email protected]
Irina Tatarenko
Moscow Pedagogical State University, M. Pirogovskaya
St., 1, Moscow, Russia; Open University, Walton Hall,
Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
33,
68
[email protected]
PROGRAMME
149
participant
information / contact
p.
Pavel Trávníček
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia,
České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany,
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice,
Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University
in Prague, Prague,
Czech Republic
31,
51
[email protected]
Iva Traxmandlová
Department of Theoretical Ecology, Global Change
Research Centre, AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic
89
[email protected]
Spyros Tsiftsis
Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
[email protected]
Daniel Tyteca
Biodiversity Research Centre (BDIV), Université
catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
[email protected]
Errol Vela
Julien Viglione
University of Montpellier, UMR AMAP, CIRAD bât.
PS2 – TA/A51, Bd de la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez,
Montpellier, FR-34298, France
15,
21,
28,
30,
43,
53,
108,
109
22,
29,
31,
47,
52,
55
[email protected]
2931,
35,
54,
102,
104,
106,
129
ECO-MED (Ecologie et Médiation); Tour Méditerranée,
65 av. Jules Cantini, 13298 Marseille cedex 20, France
29,
102
[email protected]
Hélène Vogt-Schilb
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)
UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier –
Université Paul Valéry – EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende,
34293 Montpellier cedex 5, F France; Biotope, 22 boulevard Maréchal Foch, 34140 Mèze, France
35,
38,
88,
127
[email protected]
150
TORC ‘15
participant
information / contact
p.
Sven H. Wagner
Sails-For-Science Foundation, Nausslitz 12, D-04741
2 Rosswein, Germany
15,
100
[email protected]
Dennis F. Whigham
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box
28, Edgewater, MD 2114, USA
[email protected]
Sami Youssef
School of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry,
University of Duhok, Sumail-Duhok 1063 BD, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
22,
38,
39,
90,
92
30,
106
[email protected]
Ekaterina Zheleznaya
Timiryazev State Biology Museum, Malaya
Gruzinskaya str. 15, 123242 Moscow, Russia
29,
49
[email protected]
Antonis Albertis
[email protected]
Alex Korakis
[email protected]
Helmut Kerndorff
[email protected]
Albert Palou Vilar
Departament d’Indústries Agroalimentàries i Ciències
Ambientals, Universitat de Vic, Spain
[email protected]
Ruth Bone
Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic
Gardens Kew Richmond Surrey, TW9 3DS
United Kingdom
[email protected]
Hamdiye Şehirli
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Atakum
19 Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji
Bölümü
TR-55200 Atakum-Samsun
Turkey
Irena Micjeva
Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Dunav 2 sr.,
Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
[email protected]
[email protected]
PROGRAMME
151
Useful Information
Map of Samos Island
B
A
C
A
Vathi
B
Agios Konstantinos
C
highlights
Samos Airport
The conference will take place in the heart of the beautiful historical capital Vathi of the
island of Samos at the eastern Aegean Sea. The island is embedded in beautiful nature which
surrounds significant sites in human history (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Samos is the
birthplace of well-known mathematician Pythagoras and astronomer Aristarchus, the first
known to propose that the earth revolves around the sun, 2200 years ago. It is also the place
of the oldest known tunnel built in its length, the Eupalinian Aqueduct, with more than 1km
in length, a marvel of engineering to bring water to the people 2500 years ago. The beautiful
tranquil villages and towns with noble mansions from the past, always fresh panoramas, with
its many beaches, the sea and green mountains, embraced by the cheerful hospitality of the
Samians, make Samos an attraction for the visitor.
154
TORC ‘15
3
2
3
3
1
1
Mayor’s House (Venue)
2
Samos Hotel
3
Bus Stop
Vathi
highlights
A
The town of Samos was built as the port of Vathy after raids of pirates diminished in the
18th century. As an important trade center it gained in the 19th century even more a special
status as the administrative center of the island with its tributary to the Ottoman Empire.
Unusually, at the time Samos was governed by a Christian of Greek descent who carried the
title “Prince”. This history is today reflected in the architecture of Samos / Vathy. The town’s
history is interwoven with the War of Independence in Greece and Samos became a semi-independent state in 1834.
PROGRAMME
155
Agios Konstantinos highlights
The origin of Agios Konstantinos (St. Konstantin) is obscure, even old maps were not revealing the village. Merciless raids by pirates and being a seaside village are the reasons that
Agios Konstantinos flourished later than the nearby mountain villages Vourliotes and Manolates. The settlement can be better traced back to the 19th century.
1
2
2
1
2
Αccommodationmeeting point
Taverna Paraiso
Agios Konstantinos
highlights
B
Bus Stop
During the autonomous status of Samos (1834-1912), Agios Konstantinos was one of the
six feature settlements known as the municipality of Exi Geitonies or “Six Neighborhoods”.
Agios Konstantinos retains a healthy character of purity: Its architecture has still many historical cohesive elements interrupted by neat gardens, at the foot of splendid thick mountain
nature and breaking waves with fresh salty air at its main strip dotted with friendly tavernas
and cafes from where the coast of Minor Asia can be seen. Even the village’s bakery is known
to be the best on the island. Agios Konstantinos is an excellent base for exploring the nature
and traditional culture of Samos.
156
TORC ‘15
Don’t Forget to see
For a true experience of the old quaint character of the town a walk on a shoestring through
Ano Vathi, 15 min from the town center, is recommended. A maze of alleyways makes it easy
to get lost. The accomplished visitor will admire the stamina of the residents who built and
live Ano Vathi on its steep slope. Panoramic views and forgetting time at a tavern are all
rewarding.
Neat beaches along the road from Agios Konstantinos to Samos / Vathy. Tsamadou Beach is
one of them. Sand beaches with mopuntain cliffs dropping into crystal clear turquoise water
surrounded by saturated green foliage of pine and olive trees. A short walk from the younger
seaside part of the village uphill to the old village center, Paleo Konstantinos, reveal still the
intact architecture of the traditional village.
Don’t Forget to do
In contrast, a more busy life can be observed from the main plaza of Samos with its
monument of a lion from one of the numerous surrounding cafés. From there panoramic
views over the bay of Samos all the way to the island’s second highest summit, Karvounis
1160 m, on the Ambelos massif, are possible. From this central place in town local shops and
daily life of Samos can be explored.
The area surrounding Agios Konstantinos is famous for its wine growing, the Samos Wine,
due to the microclimate and soil conditions in this region. Highly recommended is a nature
walk to the mountain villages Manolates or Vourliotes. The vegetation in the valley uphill
from Agios Konstantinos to Manolates is as lush as it can be on Samos with many interesting
botanical encounters. Well marked hikes can be easily followed.
Don’t Forget to visit
A Must to visit is the Archaeological Museum of Samos. It is adjacent to the venue of the conference, the Mayor’s House. Despite its obscurity, the museum is one of the most important
one’s in Greece of its kind. It exhibits for e.g. the largest Kouros statue in Greece. Important
relicts of the cult to the goddess Hera, with Samos central to in antiquity, are on display,
mainly from around the 6th century BC.
One can either walk or drive to the Must-See mountain village Manolates starting from Agios
Konstantinos. The same is true for the mountain village Vourliotes. In relative short distance
an obvious difference in climate can be felt. From Manolates spectacular views over the Aegean Seas can be enjoyed. The village itself maintains a rigorous traditional lifestyle harmonized with amenities for the visitor. Traditional tavernas, shops which offer locally produced
handcraft with artistic creativity reflecting the spirit of this rather high altitude village. The
surrounding backdrop views into the mountain valleys reveal that there is more to discover
for the adventurer to the summit. All above, meeting the Greek hospitality is here most true.
PROGRAMME
157
notes
date: ..................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
158
TORC ‘15
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
PROGRAMME
159
notes
date: ..................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
160
TORC ‘15
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
PROGRAMME
161
notes
date: ..................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
162
TORC ‘15
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
PROGRAMME
163
notes
date: ..................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
164
TORC ‘15
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
PROGRAMME
165
thank you
contact info
email: [email protected] / web: www.samosconferences.com /
mobile: +30-69802-59904 / facebook: TORC’15