Software Engineering II
Lecture 22
Fakhar Lodhi
Recap
Software Engineering II
Lecture 22
Fakhar Lodhi
Relationship between people and
effort
• Communication and coordination overhead
• Number of Channels C = N(N-1)/2
• Communication overhead per channel k
• Work accomplished W = (1-k)c x N
Work Accomplished with only 5%
Communication Overhead per Channel
Work Units
4
N=5
3
2
N=3
1
0
1 2
3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
No. of People
Task Set Definition
• Process model  task sets (SE work tasks,
milestones, and deliverables)
– Enable a software team to define, develop, and
support
• Each software process should define a collection of
task sets, each designed to meet the needs of
different types of projects
Project Types and Rigor
• Different types of projects and different degree of
rigor
• Types of projects
– Concept development projects
– New application development
– Application enhancement
– Application maintenance
– Reengineering projects
Degree of Rigor
• Casual
– All process framework activities are applied, but
only a minimum task set is required
– Reduced umbrella tasks, reduced documentation
– Basic principles of SE are followed
Degree of Rigor
• Structured
– Process framework is applied
– Appropriate framework activities, related tasks,
and umbrella activities (to ensure high quality)
applied
– SQA, SCM, documentation, and measurement
conducted in streamlined manner.
Degree of Rigor
• Strict
– Full process
– All umbrella activities are applied
– Robust work products
• Quick Reaction
– Because of emergency, only task essential for
maintaining good quality are applied.
– Back-filling
Defining Adaptation Criteria
• Size of the project
• Number of potential
users
• Mission criticality
• Application longevity
• Stability of requirements
• Ease of
customer/developer
communication
• Maturity of application
technology
• Performance constraints
• Embedded or nonembedded characteristics
• Project staff
• Reengineering factors
Computing a Task Set Selector (TSS)
value
• Adaptation criteria, grade, weight, entry point
multiplier
• Assign appropriate grades (1-5) to each adaptation
criteria
• Review weighting factor and modify if needed. The
ranges should be between 0.8 to 1.2
• Multiply the grade entered by the weight and by
entry point multiplier for the type of project
undertaken. The entry point multiplier takes a value
of 0 or 1 and indicates the relevance of the
adaptation criterion to the project type.
product = grade x weight x entry point multiplier
• TSS = average of all the entries in the product
column
TSS
Degree of Rigor
< 1.2
Casual
1.0 – 3.0
Structured
> 2.4
Strict