!"$#%& '()+*,-.0/()1%
"2#34%657%)8:9;=<?>@BAC-D &
EFGIHFGJFLKNMOPRQSUTWVGYXZ[
\ GIFQ]_^,`aJOTRFbc
dfegihkjlZ)monUXpNqrg@stuvv)w
x@e+yq{z}|Nqrg~uvv)w
-.
2AYN
I%-&6=1%+&
$[jeg{
n2gie$@g+2gzjlZq{jZ){
_QP=VGJ +PWa¢¡`c@EF¡-GJVbaIO
£ OFPRGC`c¤{Qc`GJ¥BF)aIPR`=QKN¡- ra+Vk¥( ¦@Zjyqrg¨§ijiXqri§¨§g¨X§i§q©v
@ª«¬Jv,®¯X+°giq{±i²"³=´µqrg¨zoXZ°
n2²eZ)q}¶µ««ukw¬¬usv·³=¸XJ¹!¶~««ukwº¬¬uukw{»
ª¼Xjl½
¾jR¿~±ZjÀª|X{°giq{±)i²"Á[)q
ÂZqrgZ)qrrÃkp-ÄttI¾j½Åeq{ÆÁ±ZjÀª|X{°giq{±)i²"Á[)q
ÇÉÈ7Ê7ËÌÎͯÏJÊ7Ð
+
ÑÒÍÓÔoͯÕYÖ7ÏJÕØ×ÚÙ6ÛÜÔÐÞÝLÊ7ß àáÕ}ÍUâãÊ7Óåä æçÕè(×ÚÙéÔÐÞÝ ÍêLÕ
ë ÐLÕ}ìí Ôoî ïÓÕYÕ
ð ÓÊ7ñÞËJÕØß
ò =D2Nó
ô4$2#$
õ$ö¨÷ø¢ù-ú{ûNü½ýûlú+þ ÿ øÄúIýøö¨ÿ
2
ý +ö¨þ ø Úú+û þ ö ø %
ý Iö¨þ Äø öiø øþ¢ù õ !#"$"%& þ'ö ø )($* ö¨þ ÿ ý ý -. ö¨0þ /1ø -)ù ý + þ'ö øù -ö
þ + þ ù , "3ÎÒ"42"2
õ$ö¨÷ø¢ù-ú{ûNü½ýûlú+þ ÿ øÄúIýøö¨ÿ
2
ý +ö¨þ ø Úú+û þ ö ø %
ý Iö¨þ Äø öiø øþ¢ù õ !#"$"%& þ'ö ø )($* ö¨þ ÿ ý þ ú{ø . 4û /5ý + Jþ ö ø ù -ö
2
6879):%;=<>:%?A@BDCFE)GHGI@
J8KIL'MNPOQ$M
R>+ú.øÄúIý8øþ øö'S$ ö'UTVRWX þ ö2öY
,ÄöýJøUúI÷ø ÿZ[ øÄúIý}ÿ~öiøú-ûlú+þ\,¨ú+ýJø ýú$÷þ ú + .ÄöÿZù^]%úP_`
ö'+öþ'a-ÿ ý%b,iú+ÿ + ý ø ú+þ .ú+÷ø ÿc[ ø ú+ý!ÿ~öiøú-
, ýýú{ø + öYþö÷þödöýJøö'- + e ýSe,iúIýJø ý%ú$
þ ö¨÷þdö öýIø øÄúIý¨ùgf`öc-ö'+ö'.ÄúI÷ÿ~ö¨ýJø ú+û-øöµýöiø_ú+þhþ ýi-ú+ÿjh+ö'Øþö÷þ ö'ö¨ýJø ø ú+ýkTml
ú{ø. ûö¨ø .Wùa
ö ö¨ýJø ø þö'ö + o ý S~þö .ký ÿ + ö¨þ ..ÄPú _UúIýö øZú pö Rqºûlú+\þ ,iúIÿ + ý øú+þ .øþ ö¨ö
n $X>_\,Yþ ö¨÷þ '
÷þú + .Äö
ÿ ¨ù
ü½ýoø r ÷ ÷ö¨Uþ _ö ÷÷ .sRqYø úºø þöö@÷þú + .Äö
ÿ t ý Sºø öµýöiø _ú+þ hYþ ý -ú+j
ÿ hIö Yþö÷þ 'ö ö¨ýJø ø ú+ýù
u,öµ0
ö v Zÿ ýgö _\ö¨ø öþ$ö vrø ý Sºþ 'ö ,¨ú+ÿ~ÿ~ö¨ý - ø ú+ý wTVl
dö ,ö¨ý + ö¨þ SaIx'yP z ,_öiûl'ö .maIx'! zH{ þ _$ö a
xd$X2þ'
ö S þ - ý Sú+÷ø Äÿ ."÷ þ ÿ~öiø ö¨pþ ö¨øø Äý S% ûlú+gþ RWHa|_\r,}_ö¨þ ö -ö Iö . ú+÷'ö -oûlú+þ¯ø ö ö A÷ öþö
ý -~,iúIþþ -ú+þÿµú -'ö .ma þ ö .Zú .r-}ûlú+þUø öö úIý0ö ÿ vÚø þöö ÷þú + .Äö
ÿ TVl%ú{ø . û=ö¨ø .Rù a n $Xù
f`öþ '
ö .Äø Pú _ø ø=ø oö i,,idö þ .Äöûlú+þ=ø 1ö Tx~xdX Rq þ 'ö .Äø I wý . Pú _ ÷öþûlúIþÿ ý ,iö + dö , iö
øgö ø iý - þ --ö ø ú+
ý \,¨ú+ýJø ý $ú i.Úþ 'ö -,¨'ö - ý -_pö S+öiø
ö þ .o,¨ú+ý +öþ SIö¨ý ,¨ö+ù ]%Pú _ö +ö'þ aIûlú+þUø ö
TV
s)X Rq i
ý -ø }
ö T
^)X Rqø öÚþ 'ö ,¨ú+ÿ~ÿ~ö¨ý - ø ú+iý ¯ûlþúIÿ ø 8ö .Äøö¨þ ø þ ö þ oö ,iúIý þ ÿµdö -,ûlú+þø ö
÷ þ ÿ~öiø ö¨þ ú+û&ÿ ø ø ú+ý ý -8 ý -Úø ö þ ø &ú
$Fù f`r÷ ÷ö¨Wþ ..øþ ødö WPú _f0ö vrø Äý S@ø ö¨ú+þ ú 5ø RW\ö . ÷û .IÄ~
ý iý -Äý SoS+úú -÷ þ ÿ~öiø ö¨tþ öiøø ý S
ûlú+þ2ýö _L÷þ ú + . ö¨
ÿ \.hIö¯ø öú+ýö Rÿ v}øþ ö¨ö
+ ÷þú + .ÄöÿYù
|ZI^oA~W^0w
%ye±)ijeZ!§g¨Xqrmjq{§skƲ¾ qrWq{³Uw{«»¬)qåq{ƨ²q{Z|Nqrgim)³
w{«»¬)WkƲ¾ qrRq{½³
w{«»s)Fåq{ƨ²q{Z|Nqrgim)³
w{«·©J|IµXgiqYX
ÆrlX§i§Úe¯[jgiq{Æ:r³-pg¨e|X|jllj§ijlƺ§iq{Xg¨Æ¨²ÎXZ[fepijzj{XijeZfzØqri²e[§Úmq{XZ)q{[fRgiez i²)qCzØe[q{Ue eg¨mXZjlÆ
qryel±)ijleZ"Â Z!Æ:eZg¨X§µeCmq{Z)qrijÆ}Xmegji²z
§ ´~@d§ 8 @ellXZ[-³w{«·¬ ³"¾²jƨ²_¾ egih eZ|jlZXg¨°,§gjlZ)m§
XZ[Øi²qrgiqrWeg¨qåpgiekÆ:q{§i§2§¨Æ¨²)q{zXiXk³k1 زX{yq@|=qrq{Zo[)q{[jlÆrXq{[ØeÆ:eZijZ±)e±§
epijlzjl{XijeZØpgie|q{z§rW å²)q
zXjlZ(epNqrg¨Xeg}e@1 fj§ºz±)iXijeZ"³
¾²qrgiq{X§Úgiq{Æ:ez}|jlZXijeZBj§ÚeZ°fjlzp=eg¨iXZ}Wegi²)qC§iq{ªX[XpijeZ
ei²q§ig¨Xqrm°LpXg¨XzØqrqrg¨§{
XZ[)ezãZ)qr¾ egihÎhqr°k
§ x@qr0 qr°k'§ ²X+yq_|Nqrq{ZBpgiepNe§q{[Î| ° åei²lX±³
´µel[|=qrg¨m)³ XZ[q{jlZ{8 ½uvvv X§CXf¾¯X{°Þe(g¨qrpgiq{§q{Zgiqrq{§o¾ji²ÞÆ:eZijlZ±e±§yXg¨jlX|lq{§r¡
å²j§Y¾$egih
¾¯X§ |X§q{[!eZf® q{X¡
Z w{««u XZ[fXle+¾@§µ±§~e giqrpgiq{§q{Z X,p=qrgz}±)iXijleZÒ|°!X,§i#q ¢±)q{ZÆ:qØe$Æ:eZijlZ±e±§
yXg¨jlX|q{§{
ÂZfi²jl§Ú¾$egihÒ¾ qo¾¯XZ}e7jlZyq{§ijmXq,i²)qpNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:qØeU ÒRegÚgiqrqopgie|q{z§~¾@²)q{Z ±§ijZ)m i²)q
Æ:eZijlZ±e±§
xqr0 Úqr°}giqrpgiq{§q{ZiXijeZ"
® q{ÆrX±§qU ²X{yq|Nqrq{ZØ[)q{§ijlmZ)q{[Weg%§elyjlZm~Æ:eZijlZ±)e±§Upg¨e|q{z§
XZ[ ²X{yqC§¨²)e+¾Z meek[ pNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:qØi²qrgiq{jlZ"³-¾ qoq:¹kpNq{Æ:º1 )§ e_pNqrgiReg¨z ¾ q{lUWegZ)qr¾ egihfpg¨e|q{z§
¾²)q{Z±§ijlZ)mfx@qr0 qr°k§ró¸±)gii²)qrgzØegiq³ ¾$q¾ XZoe q:¹)XzjlZq_¾²)qri²)qrgoi²)q_giq{Æ:ezzq{Z[XijeZ§oWegCi²)q
w
§ qrijlZme1CpXgXzØqrqrg¨§r³ki²XåXgiq [)qrgjyq{[Weg¯i²)q §p²)qrgiq XZ[,i²)q Æ:egig¨jl[eg¯ze[)q{³XgiqÚX§eYyJXlj[oReg
i²)qeZ)q:ªzoXJ¹Yg¨qrqåpgie|lq{z ÂZXZXem°eÚi²)qå§ip²)qrgiqXZ[Æ:eg¨g¨jl[)eg%zØek[)q{l§{³i²)qeZ)q:ªzXJ¹Øgiqrqåpgie|q{z
åei²lX±) ³$´µel[)|Nqrgim)t
³ £@q{jlZ){½³2uvvHv påei²lX±) ³2uvv)$w Yjl§Xl§eÒR±l°Òq{X§°BXZ[ÎU Xg¨q,q:¹kpNq{Æ:q{[Le
pNqrgiReg¨z;¾ q{l½$¸UjlZXl°³)¾ qºÆ:ezØpXgiq}i²)qÚpNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:qºeUU XZ[Ò´~@§Weg@i²)qºeZq:ªzXJ¹ giqrqºpg¨e|q{z
dfq徯XZq{[eÚhZe+¾Þ¾²jƨ²Ye=i²)q¯¾ eº§q{Xg¨Æ²oXppg¨eXƨ²)q{§r³z}±)iXijleZØyqrg¨§i±§
Æ:g¨e§i§e+yqrg+³pNqrgiReg¨z§|Nqrqrg
Regåi²jl§§pNq{Ær¥j ¤Æ~q{§åpgie|q{z
å²qåpXpNqrg2jl§%§ig¨±Æ:i±)giq{[oX§2ReleI¾§r ZC§q{Æ:ijeZCu ¾$q@pgiq{§q{Z%i²)qµxqr0
qr°Øq{ZÆ:e[jZ)mÚXZ[Øpg¨q{§q{Z ji§
zX ¦eg ƨ²Xg¨XÆ:qrgjl§ijlÆr§r
å²jl§jl§@Rele+¾ q{[!|°XC§i²egi@g¨qryjqr¾3e%i²)qeZ)q:ªzXJ¹!giqrqYpgie|lq{z ÂZ§iq{Æ:ijeZ
)³XRqrg iXhjZ)m_XÆre§qrgÚeehX i²)qØ[¥j §=qrgiq{Z~°pNq{§~e$1 ¨ §¨±)|§q{Æ:ijeZ!)l$w ³¾$qØpNqrgiReg¨zXZfXZX°k§ijl§
e-i²)q~X%[ ¦i±§izØq{Z2e1 pXg¨XzØqrqrg¨§ Reg¯i²)q@eZq:ªzXJ¹opgie|q{©
z §¨±)|§q{Æ:ijeZC) u ³XZ}
[ ¤ZXll°Æ:ezØpXgiq
i²)qÚpNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:qµe
U k§¯e,´~µ§ §i±|§q{Æ:ijeZ ) © 1 å²)q pXpNqrgq{Z[§¾ji² Æ:eZÆr±[jlZ)mgiq{zXg¨h§r
ª
«¬\)®¯&^°²±´³g~swµ
¶¬\·8¸
å²j§§q{Æ:ijeZ mjyq{§@X§i²)eg¨e+yqrgiykjqr¾X|Ne±)i²qÚxqr0 qr° q{ZÆ:e[jZ)m)
x@qr¾ egihfg¨XZ[ez hqr°§=åei²lX±) ³U´µel[|=qrg¨m)³q£;@q{jlZ){½³Uuvvv Xgiq,X[Xpq{[fg¨XZ[)ez hqr°k§¹wÚ§'
RegØi²)q giqrpgiq{§iq{ZiXijeZée@giqrq{§{¨
²)e
q & q{ZÆ:ek[jlZ)mfXlle+¾§Ø±§Yefg¨qrpgiq{§q{ZØpNqrg¨z}±iXijeZ§ØXZ[L¾¯X§
¤g¨§i pgiq{§q{Zq{[7jlZ® q{X
Z w{««u g ºµg¨jmjZXl°H³ &Ú§å¾$qrgiqÚzoXjlZ°o±§q{[ Regåi²)q q{ZÆ:ek[jlZ)mYeUeg¨[)qrgjlZ)mØXZ[
§iƲ)q{[±ljZ)m}pgie|q{zo§ ® q{XZ"³w{««J» x@eg¨zXk
Z £®$q{XZ-³w{««J» x@eg¨zXZ-³w{««¬
d²)q{ZÒ±§ijlZmoxqr0 Úqr°§r³-XChqr°7§#q ¢±)q{ZÆ:qet ¼2g¨XZ[)ezZ±zº|Nqrg¨&§ ½#¾1¿ÁÀ Hv Â{dw ó"¾@²)qrgi
q Äg¿ Å+Hv ÂPÆPÆPÆd¼^Ç %w ȳ
giqrpg¨q{§q{Zi§µXCp=qrgz}±)iXijlek
Z ½É@e%q{Z)miÊ
² ¼ @¸)giezi²)qpNqrg¨z±)iXijeË
Z ½É@e2q{Zmib
² ¼`ÌÎÍt4ÍkÇ$w ÐÏu,XCgiqrq
¾ji=
² Í Ze[)q{§XZe
[ ÍËÇéwÚljZ)h§¯jl§Æ:eZ§g¨±Æ:q{[±§ijlZ)mYi²)q ReleI¾jlZ)mØXmegji²z
$
w =Ñqr\ ÄWÌvk)³ Ò6|NqXZq{zØp°}mg¨Xp²}¾@ji
² Í,Z)ek[)q{§r³XZ[ ½ É i²)q¯pNqrg¨z±)iXijeZelq{Z)mi~
² ¼>ÌÓÍt4ÍwÇ,$w ÐÏu
i²XÆrXZ_|NqÚÆ:eZ§g±Æ:q{[_Rgiez;i²)qºhqr°§i#q ¢±)q{ZÆ:oq ½k2@Np=e§¨§ij|q~ljlZh§¯e Ò?Xgiq}Z±z}|Nqrgiq{[Rgiez
wÚÔ
e ¼
½
u =Ñqr5 Õo|=q i²qÚZ±z}|NqrgåXi²)
q Äi²_pNe§ijijeZ,eUi²)q pNqrg¨z±)iXijee
Z ½É:
½
© , i²)qºjlZ§iqrgiijeZeUi²)qºljZ)ho¾jli² Z±z}|Nqrtg Õ,jlk
Z Ò¾ e±l[ Z)e@Æ:giq{XqXoÆ:°Ærq³i²)q{Z7jlZ§qrgi¯i²)qºljZ)h
¾@ji² Z±zº|Nqrtg ÕCjlk
Z Ò
Ri
Ëkep-³ji²)qrgiqºXgi
q ÍËÇwÚljlZ)hk§¯jlk
Z Ò
½
¬ ,ÂZÆ:giq{zq{Zg Ä$XZ[_Æ:eZijlZ±qÚ¾ji² §qrp!u
dji²i²jl§ÆrXlÆr±lXijeZg¨±lq³¾ qÚÆrXZ_Æ:eZ§g±Æ:åX±ZVj ¢±)q³yXljl[,giqrq Rgiez qryqrgi°pNe§i§ij|lqhqr°§#q ¢±q{ZÆ:q
å²)qÚ±§q ei²qºxqr0
Úqr°,q{ZÆ:e[jZ)m²X§å§ezqºjlzØpNegiiXZ¯|=q{ZPq ¤i§r
²)qrgiqrRegiq³)i²)qÚq{ZÆ:ek[jlZmY²X§²jm²
Ö kiXZ[Xg¨[ Æ:gie§¨§e+yqrg~XZ[ z±)iXijeZ epNqrg¨Xeg¨§å¾$egih,pgiepNqrg¨l°`
leÆrXljl°XZ[_²)qrg¨jliX|jllj°
qr°k§Xlle+¾ X[jl§ijlZÆ:ijleZC|Nqr¾$qrq{ZjlzØpNegiiXZåXZ[ ±Zjlzp=eg¨iXZljlZh§r
Ö x@qr0
Ö ²)qrgiqÚjl§åZeØe+yqrgª eg±Z[)qrg§pNq{Ær¥j ¤ÆrXijeZ,eUXØgiqrqÚpNe§i§ijl|q
d²)q{ZCXpp°kjlZ)m z}±iXijeZoeXZCjZ[jykjl[±Xi²)q@e §N§pg¨jlZ)mº§¨²)e±l[Y|Nq@§¨jlzjllXg
e}i²)qpXgiq{Zr%%¹kXzojlZjlZ)m
i²)qfx@qr0 qr°q{ZÆ:ek[jlZm(giqryq{Xl§i²X,i²qÒz±)iXijeZ e}eZ)qÒhqr°giq{§i±i§oq{jli²)qrg jlZi²qÒ§¨XzØq³eg jlZX
Z)q{jm²|Neg¨jlZ)mYgiqrq³¾²jlƲ giq{§i±i§jlZ_XC²jm² ekÆrXlj°,q{ZÆ:e[jZ)m)2¸±)g¨i²)qrg¨zØegiq³giq{Æ:ezº|jlZXijeZ7ep=qrgXeg¨§
§i²)e±l[CÆ:g¨q{Xq e §N§pg¨jlZ)m}i²XjlZ²)qrg¨jl2i²)q~pgiepNqrgiijlq{§2ei²)q{jg pXgiq{Zi§rt å²j§$zØq{XZ§ XZe §"§pgjlZ)m}§¨²)e±l[
jlZ²qrg¨j,i²)q(ljlZh§,Rgiez ji§_pXgiq{Zi§r©
iXZ[Xg¨[giq{Æ:ez}|jlZXijeZ0ep=qrgXeg¨§r³ÚljhqÒ¹ªpNejlZ eg7±ZjReg¨z
Æ:gie§i§ie+yqrg{³N§i²)eI¾ i²jl§å|=q{²X{ykjegå¾²)q{Z7±§q{[ Reg@x@qr0 qr°k§r$Â
XljlZhoq:¹)jl§i§jZ_XØpXgiq{Zr³i²qÚyJX±)qÚeUi²)q
u
:Æ egigiq{§ip=eZ[jlZ)m hqr°oj§$²jlm²ojlZCÆ:ezØpXg¨jl§ieZoei²)qei²qrg hqr°k§r%@Wqrg¯giq{Æ:ez}|jlZXijeZ"³i²qµÆ:egig¨q{§pNeZ[jlZ)m
hqr°ÒjlZ!i²)qØe§N§ipg¨jlZ)m²X§~i²)q§¨XzØq³²jm²!yXl±)qØXZ[fjl§µi²)qrg¨qrWegiqX§e ±§q{[Ò¾ji²Ò²jlm²pgie|X|jlj° Reg
i²)qºÆ:eZ§g¨±Æ:ijeZ_ei²)qºgiqrq
? ±)gii²qrgå|Nq{Z)Pq ¤e
i²qx@qr0 qr°_q{ZÆ:ek[jlZmojl§@i²Xmq{Z)qrijÆ}XZ[qryel±)ijleZXgi°_Xmeg¨jli²z§ ´ 2µ'§
XgiqX|qÚe[jl§ijZ)m±jl§i²,|Nqr¾ qrq{Z!jlzØpNegiiXZXZ[7±ZjlzØpNegiiXZåljlZ)hk§r$Â ZÆ:eZg¨X§i@e,ei²)qrgµq{ZÆ:e[jlZ)m§r³
j¯jl§$p=e§¨§ij|qeØjl[q{ZijR°Yi²)q jlzØpNegiiXZ$ljZ)h§$jlZi²qµZ)qr¾$eg¨ht ²)qµXlmeg¨ji²z ¾²jlƲCÆ:eZ§g¨±Æ:i§¯X}giqrq
Rgiez i²qChqr°Î§#q ¢±q{ZÆ:q,±§q{§ºi²q,²jlm²kª ¢±Xlj°fljZ)h§ºXZ[Îq{Z§i±)giq{§ºi²XYi²)qr°(XgiqZ)eYe§[±)g¨jlZm_i²)q
´~$g±Z"
¸UjlZX°³%xqr0 Úqr°§CX¾ X+°§q{ZÆ:e[q,yXljl[Îgiqrq{§{Îx@efe+yqrgª}ego±Z[)qrg§pNq{Ær¥j ¤ÆrXijeZÎjl§pNe§i§ij|lq×
å²)q
Æ:eZ§g±Æ:ijeZpgiekÆ:q{§i§¯¾²jlƨ²,|±jl[§ XYgiqrq Wg¨ez i²)q hqr°,§i#q ¢±)q{ZÆ:q q{Z§i±)giq{§ i²X@xqr0 qr°k§q{ZÆ:ek[)q yXljl[
§el±ijeZ§¯eZ° ²±§{³)¾$qÚ[)eCZ)eåZ)qrq{[_XZX[[jijeZXg¨qrpXjgåzØq{ƲXZjl§iz_
¸)egXzØegiq~[)qriXjlq{[,[)q{§iÆ:gjpijeZØei²)qµx@qr0 qr°q{ZÆ:e[jZ)mºi²)qµgiq{X[)qrg¯jl§$giqrRqrgigiq{[C
e ei²lX±)"qr¯X½
½uvv
v XZË
[ åei²lX±) ³´~el[)|Nqrgim)³XZ[_@q{jlZ){ ½uvv)$w
Ø
Ù¯Ú~¬©ÛÜ~¬`ÝiÞ
³1ßàÙb^¬¬âáã^wäså¬tµ
å²j§ §q{Æ:ijeZ mjlyq{§ºX_§i²egiÚe+yqrg¨yjqr¾ e¯i²)qeZ)q:ªzXJ¹fgiqrqCpgie|lq{z ¸)egR±)g¨i²)qrgÚjlZ)Reg¨zXijeZÒpq{X§q
giqrRqrgåeÔei²lX±)qrX½&½uvvv
å²qåeZ)q:ªzXJ¹giqrq@pgie|lq{zjl§
|X§iq{[eZi²qeZ)q:ªzXJ¹pgie|q{zReg$|jlZXgi°}giqrpgiq{§q{ZiXijeZ§c @ƨhlqr°³
w{«s· $µZepijlzoX=§iel±)ijeæ
Z Rgiqrq jl§Æ²)e§q{Zq{ji²qrgg¨XZ[)ezl°Øeg|°,²XZ[" å²qµ§g±Æ:i±)giq~ei²jl§ giqrq
ÆrXZ|Nqµ[qrqrg¨zjlZ)q{[- ¯ÆrXZ|=q~XاiXg{³)XYljl§ir³egåXZXgi|jlg¨Xgi°giqrq~¾jli}
² ÍÒZ)ek[)q{§rUÂZCi²jl§ ¾$egihC¾$q~eZl°
Æ:eZ§ij[)qrgi²)qÚepijzX"§el±)ijleZe|NqÚXZ_Xgi|jgXgi°ogiqrq
¸)eg@i²)qºÆrXlÆr±lXijeZ ei²)oq ¤iZq{§i§eUi²)qÚjlZ[jyj[±Xl§r³i²)qÚ[jl§iiXZÆ:oq çè'é|Nqr¾ qrq{Z_¾ eog¨qrq{c§ Ò è XZ[
ÒZéjl§±§q{["UÂ jl§[)P
q ¤Zq{[ X§
¾
êië^ì ë^ì
w
è
é
í
í
çièé5Ì
u ¾î ï îð\ñ ¼ ¾ ï Ç×¼ ¾ ï ñ Â
ì
¾²)qrg¨~
q ¼ ¾è ï jl§YwØj%i²)qØljZ)h Wg¨ez Z)e[
q Äe_Ze[)oq Õ_q:¹kjl§ii§ jlZ!giqr}
q Ò è XZ[fvj$j [)eq{§ Ze q:¹kjl§i~jæ
Z Ò è
Í [)q{Zeq{§oi²)qZ±z}|NqrgeÚZ)ek[)q{§rÓ
å²jl§[Pq ¤ZjijeZLeÚ[jl§iXZÆ:q_|Nqr¾$qrq{Z6¾ e(giqrq{§,jl§o|X§q{[éeZi²)q
µXzzjlZ)m[jl§iXZÆ:Ô
q µXzzjlZm)³-w{«sv XZË
[ çièég¿ÊÅ+Hv Â{w ÂPÆPÆPÆÂÐÍËÇ(iu È
d²)q{Zé±§¨jlZ)m!i²jl§Y[jl§iXZÆ:q_zØqrg¨jlÆ,RegoXfzjlZjzj{XijeZBpgie|lq{z i²e
q ¤iZ)q{§i§Ye~XZÞjlZ[jlyjl[±X5 Òc¾
jl§C[)Pq ¤Z)q{[ X§oi²q![j§iXZÆ:b
q ç¾4ò ó4ô#õºeÎi²)q7epijzX@§iel±)ije¯
Z ÒZóôPõÎ
å²)qrg¨qrWegiqc³ ö%¾sÌ÷ç¾4ò ó4ô#õ ³@XZã
[ ö%¾=¿
Å+H
v Â{w ÂPÆPÆPÆ%ÂÐÍbÇLiu È~µZ!jlZ[jykjl[±X=²Xw§ ¤iZ)q{§i~
§ Æ:e§' @e ÍkÇLuojl%j@²X§µeZl° eZ)qjlZ)h jlZ7Æ:ezozØeZ!¾ji²
i²)qµ|Nq{§ §iel±)ijeZ"UÂ "i²)qµ¾ ejlZ[jykjl[±Xl§U[)eZe¯[rj §=qr
g Òc¾>ÌøÒZóôPõ³)i²)cq ¤iZ)q{§¨c§ Æ:e§' $e\ Òc¾jlU§ ö%¾FÌvk
ÂZ_i²jl§å¾$egih ¾ qºeZ°C¾¯XZe±§qºXCzjlZjlzoj{XijeZ,pgie|lq{z ® q{ÆrX±§iqºi²jl§q{§pgie|q{z j§å§ijlzjlXge
i²)qº§iiXZ[Xg¨[eZ)q:ªzoXJ¹ªpg¨e|q{z j@jl§¯q{X§°eo§eyqºWegµz}±)iXijleZkª|X§q{[´ 2µ§r³|±)å§iezØqr¾²X²Xg¨[)qrg
Regågiq{Æ:ez}|jlZXijeZ)ª|X§q{[´~µ§ ´~el[)|Nqrgim)³)µqr|-³ £´å²jqrgiq{Z§r³"w{««©
ù
á ¬^ú#wFµû³g~\¬Ü&ú¹üþýcwå'0c
ÿ
^³1I¬
¬\I¬^¸
0¬¸¡³g~
~¸Dµ
¬tcÁ&ú}á³p^³gµ
Ý
ÂZ_i²jl§§q{Æ:ijeZ"³=XWqrg~Xo§i²egijlZgiek[±Æ:ijeZ jlZei²)q}R±ZÆ:ijeZXljl°,eqrye±)ijeZ7§ig¨Xqrmjq{§r³=¾$q}pgiq{§q{Z
XZ jlZyq{§ijmXijleZ jlZe i²)qX%[ ¦i±§izØq{Z e UpXg¨XzØqrqrg§ÚReg i²)qeZ)q:ªzXJ¹Ògiqrqpgie|q{z¾²)q{Zf±§ijlZ)m
i²)qox@qr0 qr°fq{ZÆ:ek[jlZm)}
å²)qC§q{Æ:ijeZ q{Z[§Ú¾jli² X_§i²)eg¨ºÆ:ezØpXg¨j§eZfeå1fXZ[δ~ÉRegºi²j§Ú§pNq{Ærj¥¤Æ
pgie|q{z
©
4%-
I
#2$ô3
=
1)§Y¾$qrgiq[)qryq{epNq{[L|°ÎÂZ)meþåq{Ʋ)q{Z|=qrg¨m XZ[éµXZ§ªnUX±wkƲ¾ qrRq{åjlZLi²)q w{«»v§,Xi²)qËq{ƨ²ZjlÆrX
¦µZjyqrg¨§ijl°Òe®$qrgljlZ jlZL´µqrg¨zXZ¡
° åq{Ʋ)q{Z|=qrg¨m)³¯w{«·©X !¸Ujg¨§ÚXppljlÆrXijeZ§Ú¾$qrgiqCq:¹pNqrg¨jzØq{ZiX$XZ[
[)q{X¾ji²_²°[gie[°ZXzojlÆrXNpgie|lq{z§ljhqÚ§i²Xp=qºepijlzj{XijleZ e
X|Nq{Z[)q{[pjlp=q³[g¨XmozjlZjlzj{XijeZ
e~}
X ¦ejlZYplXþ
q q{ƨ²)q{Z|Nqrgim)³µw{«»¬ ØXZ[ÞXf§g¨±Æ:i±giqepijlzj{XijleZLeµXÒ¾$eªp²X§
q X§i²jlZ)mÒZ)er{q
kƲ¾ qrWq{³w{«»
s
å²k
q ¤g¨§ib
w~¶ $w ªU é±§iq{[6Zkª[jlzØq{Z§ijleZX giq{XyXl±)q{[yq{Æ:eg¨§XZ[ Æ:giq{Xq{[ eZ)q7e §"§pg¨jZ)
m Ì
Å ÂPÆPÆPÆ È Wgiez
eZqµpXgiq{Z eÌÎÅ ÂPÆPÆPÆ ê È |°CXpp°jZ)m}z±)iXijeZ¾jli²,j[)q{ZijÆrX=§iiXZ[Xg¨[[)qrykjlXJª
ijeZì § Òeê q{Xƨ²pXgiq{ZiX-Xlq{lq ¾ ì
¾ Ì ¾ ¶ ¾ Hv Â{$w wÄWÌ?w ÂPÆPÆPÆ$ÂÐÍ\Æ
¨ Hv Â{$w µ[)q{Z)eq{§~XZ)eg¨zX[jl§gj|±)q{[ eZq:ª[jlzØq{Z§¨jeZX-gXZ[)ez yJXg¨jX|qº¾@ji²_q:¹kpNq{Æ:iXijeZÒrqrgie XZ[
§iXZ[Xg¨[6[qryjlXijleZeZ)q
¾ Hv Â{$w ,jZ[jlÆrXq{§Ci²Xi²)q!g¨XZ[)ezÜyJXgjlX|q!jl§C§¨XzØpq{[ XZ)qr¾ Wegq{XƲ
pNe§i§ij|qÚyXl±)qºe2i²)qÆ:e±Zqr
g Äi
å²qºgiq{§i±ijlZ)mojZ[jykjl[±X"j§qryXl±Xq{[ÒXZ[!Æ:ezØpXgiq{[!e ji§@pXgiq{Zr³
XZ[Bi²)q|NqrqrgeZq,§i±giyjlyq{§ºeÒ|Nq{Æ:ezØq,i²)qCpXgiq{Zei²q,Z)q:¹kmq{Z)qrg¨XijeZ"f¸)egØi²q w@¶?$w ª1 ÎX
i²)qregiqrijÆrX"Æ:eZyqrgimq{ZÆ:q}zØek[)q{=Weg¯¾$eo§ip=q{Ærj ¤Æåpg¨e|q{z§r³i²)q §p²qrgiq zØe[q{XZ[i²q~Æ:eg¨g¨jl[)egzØek[)q{½³
¾¯X§@[)qryq{lep=q{[-1 å²q ì ª§i±ÆrÆ:q{§i§g¨±q g¨q q{Æ:i§i²qºi²)qregiqrijÆrX-giq{§i±åi²Xr³eCXƨ²jqryq} X§Æ:eZyqrgimq{ZÆ:q³
eZ X{yqrgXmqÚeZ)q~e±)¯e> ¤yq z±)iXijeZ§§¨²)e±l[Cgiq{§i±l$jlZ²jm²qr5g ¤iZq{§i§ yJXl±q{§r å²)qµg¨XijeYe§¨±ÆrÆ:q{§i§ ±
z±)iXijeZ§eCXl-z±)iXijeZ§§i²)e±l[|Nq ì $Â
jåjl§mgiq{Xqrg@i²XZ ì ³jZÆ:giq{X§qÚi²qº§iXZ[Xg[_[)qrykjlXijeZ"³jl
jåjl§§¨zXlqrg{³)[)q{Æ:g¨q{X§qºi²)qÚ§iiXZ[Xg¨[_[qryjlXijleZ"! Áåq{Ʋ)q{Z|Nqrgim)³w{«·©Xk³påw{u©
ejlZÆ:egipNeg¨Xqi²)qCpg¨jlZÆrjlpqe¯X7pNep±lXijeZ-W
³ kƨ²¾ qrWq{Z w{«·¬ }jlZg¨e[±Æ:q{[fi²)Ê
q #"7%
¶ $Iª1 (XZ[
i²)Ë
q #"\Â&$Iª1 =F å²jl§@ZeiXijeZfÆ:eZ§ijl[qrg¨§µi²)qاq{q{Æ:ijeZfzØq{ƲXZjl§¨zXZ[Òi²)qØZ±z}|Nqrg~e2pXgiq{Zi'§ "ÞXZ[
e§"§pg¨jlZ(
m $-¸egÚi²)Ë
q #" )
¶ $Iª1 =³Ni²)*
q "L|Nq{§ jlZ[jyj[±Xl§§i±giyjlyqe±µe i²)qرZjleZe$i²)*
q "LpXgiq{Zi§
XZ[fi²+
q $fe §"§pg¨jZ)m)YÂ ZÒi²)qCÆrX§qe¯i²)k
q #"\Â&$Iª1 =³-eZ°7i²)qo|=q{§i, "Þe §"§pgjlZ)mWegz i²)qZ)q:¹kÚpXgiq{Z
mq{Z)qrg¨XijleZ" ® ei²ópNep±lXijleZkª|X§q{[61 §iXgi¾jli² XÎpXg¨q{ZpNep±lXijleZée- "?jlZ[jykjl[±Xl§{ 2XƲ
jlZ[jyj[±X/ .7Æ:eZ§ijl§i§µe$XZÒZkª[jlzØq{Z§ijleZX-yq{Æ:e0g ¨¿f ê XZ[ ¼2§iXZ[Xg¨[Ò[)qrykjlXijeZ'§ Á¿f ,1$ º~Z)q
jlZ[jyj[±Xj§[)q{§iÆ:g¨j|Nq{[X§ .sÌ´#qÂ2>o ® X3 Æih=³w{««»
¸)egC|Nei²"w³ #"Ò4
¶ $ªU ÎXZø
[ #"\Â&$Iª1 =³%g¨q{Æ:ezº|jZXijeZÞjl§Y±§q{[LRegi²)q Æ:giq{XijleZÞe@i²q e §N§pg¨jlZ)m)
¼7e§i°³[jl§iÆ:giqrq¯giq{Æ:ez}|jlZXijleZØjl§
±§q{[YReg
i²)qå[)q{Ærjl§¨jeZYyJXgjlX|q{5§ ¾NXZ[ØjlZqrg¨zØq{[jlXqg¨q{Æ:ezº|jZXijeZ
jl§~±§q{[Reg i²)q§iiXZ[Xg¨[Ò[)qrykjlXijeZ,§ ¾Ú~jl§¨Æ:giqrqYgiq{Æ:ezº|jlZXijeZÒzØq{XZ§µi²X' ¾$jl§µg¨XZ[)ezl° iXhq{Z
Rgiez eZ)qpXgiq{Zr³¾²)qrgiq{X§CjlZqrg¨zØq{[jlXq7giq{Æ:ezº|jlZXijeZ6Æ:giq{Xq{6
§ ¾ X§oi²qXg¨ji²zØqrijlÆ_zØq{XZe i²)q
pXgiq{Zi§å§iXZ[Xg¨[_[)qrykjlXijeZ§r
@e+¾ qryqrg{³=i²)qºzXjlZ_ep=qrgXeg@jlZ_U jl§åz±)iXijeZ-2 jl§åXppljq{[,eoqryqrgi° jlZ[jykjl[±XXWqrgµgiq{Æ:ez}|jÀª
ZXijeZ-
Ì) rq:¹Wp 98 Hv Â{$w ¶ 8: 7 Hv Â{$w Ð;'<ÔÌ3w ¨)u ÂPÆPÆPÆ%Â0¼Â
¾7 ÌD¾7 =¶ ¾ >ì ¾Ð Hv Â{$w
wÄ\Ìw ¨)u ÂPÆPÆPÆÂÐÍ\Æ
å²)q§iiXZ[Xg¨[f[)qrykjlXijeZ
§ 7 Xgiqoz±)iXq{[(±§¨jlZ)mX_z}±ijpljÆrXijyq³-emXg¨ji²zjlÆZ)eg¨zXll°[jl§ig¨j|±)q{[
pgiekÆ:q{§i§¾ji²ºi²)q2 XÆ:eg¨?§ 8 ì XZ@
[ 8:JW å²q{Z"³Ii²q$[)q{Ærjl§¨jeZÚyXg¨jlX|lq{A§ ¾ Xg¨q$z±)iXq{[|°Ú±§¨jlZ)måi²)q zØek[¥j ¤q{[
7 b ²jl§ºz±)iXijeZLzØq{ƲXZjl§¨z q{ZX|q{§ºi²q,U feÒqryeyq ji§}e+¾ZL§gXqrm°(pXg¨Xzqrqrg¨§Y[±)g¨jlZm_i²)q
§q{Xg¨Æ²"³q:¹plejijlZ)m XZojzØpljlÆrjlljlZhº|Nqr¾ qrq{ZCXppgiepg¨jXq¯jZqrg¨ZXzØek[)q{XZ[ØmeekA
[ ¤iZ)q{§¨§
yJX±)q{§r º~Z)q
e=i²)qzX ¦eg2X[)yXZiXmq{§$eN1 Yjl§
§iqrq{ZjlZØji§%X|jllj°ÚeºjlZÆ:eg¨p=egXqi²)qåzØe§2jzØpNegiiXZUpXgXzØqrqrg¨§%e
i²)q §g¨Xqrm°³qÅm@§iiXZ[Xg¨[}[)qryjXijeZ§r³JjlZe@i²)q2§q{Xgƨ²}pgiekÆ:q{§i§r` å²)qrgiqrRegiq³Jepijlzj{XijleZÚZ)eeZ°@iXhq{§
plXÆ:qYeZfe»| ¦q{Æ: yXg¨jlX|lq{§r³"|±)~Xl§e eZf§gXqrm°!pXg¨XzØqrqrg¨§ÚXÆrÆ:eg[jlZ)me i²)qXÆ:i±X2eÆrXUepNeem°
eUi²)q eH| ¦q{Æ:å ±ZÆ:ijeZ" ²jl§¯ÆrXpX|jlj°jl§ÆrXlq{[7§q{WªX[XpijeZ"
CB # D$+&
7-}AY=N& )
ºµyqrg$ijlzØq³zoXZ°giq{Æ:ezzØq{Z[XijeZ§2Weg2Ʋ)ee§ijlZ)mºUpXg¨Xzqrqrg¨§2²X+yq|Nqrq{Z[)qryq{lep=q{[ozXjlZ°}Weg$i²)q
§ijlzpq §p²)qrg¨qºXZ[ i²)qÆ:egig¨jl[egzØek[)q{½2dfq¾¯XZ@eCjlZyq{§ijmXqji²q{§qºgiq{Æ:ezozØq{Z[XijeZ§Xl§eC²)el[
g¨±)q Reg§ijzØpq~eZ)q:ªzXJ¹ giqrqºpgie|q{zo§¯giqrpgiq{§q{Zq{[_±§¨jlZ)mYi²)q giq{XÀªyXl±)q{[7xqr0 qr°q{ZÆ:ek[jlZm)
d²)q{Z7±§ijlZ)mYi²)}
q w ¶ó$w ª1 i²)qrgiqºXg¨qÚ¾ eopNe§i§ijl|jlljijlq{§
RegYƲ)ee§ijlZ)m!i²)q §iXZ[Xg[B[)qrykjlXije
Z Uf ÆrXZL|Nqoq{jli²)qrg
¤)¹kq{[eY§ezØqµyJX±)qåeg¯X[Xpq{[,XÆrÆ:eg¨[jlZ)m}e}i²q ì ª§i±ÆrÆ:q{§¨§
g¨±lq¸)eg§p²)qrg¨qYXZ[fÆ:egig¨jl[)egÚze[)q{§@i²jl§~g¨±qYgi q{§¨±i§~jlZ
E
X§q{§ Æ:eZyqrg¨mq{ZÆ:qÚeI¾$qryqrg+³§ezØqrijlzq{§i²)qpgie|X|jllj°
e%§i±ÆrÆ:q{§¨§µÆrXZZ)eq:¹)Æ:qrq{[ ì ¸)eg~pgie|lq{z§r³¾²qrgiqÚi²)qe|)ª
¦q{Æ:ijyqå ±ZÆ:ijeZY²X§%[jl§iÆ:eZijlZ±e±W
§ ¤g¨§UpXgiijX[qrg¨jyXijyq{§r³
eg X~i²)qYq{[)mqYe%i²)qØXleI¾$q{[Ò§q{Xg¨Æ²f§pXÆ:q³"i²)q ì ª§i±ÆrÆ:q{§¨§
g¨±lq[)eq{§$Z)e$¾$eg¨hØpgiepNqrg¨°U2§pNq{ÆrjlX°jZi²)qµlXqrgÆrX§q³
i²)qY§i±ÆrÆ:q{§i§µg¨±qÚpgiemg¨q{§i§ijyq{° Reg¨Æ:q{§µi²)q§#q ¢±q{ZÆ:q}e$jqrgª
¸Ujm±)giq6w iXZ[Xg¨[ [qryjlXijleF
Z eIyqrg XijeZ pNejlZi§Z)q{Xgiqrgeoi²)q |Ne±Z[Xgi°CXZ[i²)qÚ§qrp7lq{Z)mi²§
Z±zº|Nqrgµet ¤iZq{§i§~ÆrXll§r~dfq±§qi²)q ì ª XgiqÚÆ:eZijlZ±)e±§i°ogiq{[±Æ:q{[¾jli²)e±)¯i²)q~epijlz±z |Nq{jlZ)mYXp)ª
° kƲ¾ qrWq{³w{««¬
g¨±lq_XZ[¯
X w~¶ $w ªU ÞRegoi²)qÒs Z)ek[)q pgieXƲ)q{[_¾@ji² Æ:ezØpXg¨X|qÚXÆrÆr±)g¨XÆ:×
¸Ujm±)g¨q»© X
XZ[Y¸jlm±)giq wjlll±§g¨Xq2i²qpgie|q{zo§e=i²)q
eZ)q:ªzXJ¹ giqrqºpgie|q{z_
ì ª§i±ÆrÆ:q{§¨§ g¨±q}¾²)q{ZÒ±§ijZ)m,U
7WegÚ§elyjlZm,XZ s,Z)ek[)qeZ)q:ª
zXJ¹ giqrqCpgie|lq{z }
å²qpei§}§i²)e+¾ i²)A
q ¤iZq{§i§ºXZ[(i²)qC§iiXZ[Xg¨[ [qryjlXijleG
Z ÞeIyqrgi²qCZ±zº|NqrgÚe
¤iZ)q{§¨§ ÆrXl§r
å²)q~jlZjlijlX§iiXZ[Xg¨[[)qrykjlXije6
Z ð Ì0u}XZ[C¾ q pNqrgiReg¨zØq{[uvvØg¨±Z§{~±)q eYi²)qÚ§i±ÆrÆ:q{§i§
g¨±lq}i²)qاiXZ[Xg¨[Ò[)qrykjlXijeZÒjl§~Æ:eZijZ±)e±§i°_giq{[±Æ:q{[ÒXZ[!¾$qYmqr q{Xg¨°!Æ:eZyqrg¨mq{ZÆ:qs
å²jl§@|Nq{²X{ykjeg
eo w¶3$w ª1 ÆrXZ(|NqØq:¹kplXjlZ)q{[Ò¾@²)q{Z q:¹)XzjlZjZ)mi²)qox@qr0 qr°fq{ZÆ:ek[jlZ)m)CÂ ZB§q{Æ:ijeZBu ¾$q,§iX{¾ i²X
eZæ
° Í×Ç woe±)eg Ít4Í×Ç0$w ÐÏu!ljZ)h§}Xgiq±§q{[BWegØÆ:eZ§g±Æ:ijlZ)m!i²)q,giqrqæ
å²)qrgiqrRegiq³%X!z}±)iXijleZBe
eZ)qXllq{qYeWq{Z [eq{§ÚZe giq{§i± jlZfX ƲXZ)mqe i²)qØgiqrpgiq{§q{Zq{[fgiqrq}
º~Zl°7XWqrg}eZ X{yqrgXmqCX|Ne±)
w ÏÍz±)iXijeZ§C[)eq{§Ci²)q§g±Æ:i±)giq_e i²q7giqrq!ƨ²XZ)mq3eI¾$qryqrg+³Regoi²)q ì ªg¨±q ¾ qÒX§i§i±zØq7i²X
$
qryqrgi°,z}±)iXijleZgiq{§i±i§ jlZ,XY[rj §Nqrgiq{Z p²)q{Ze°p=q~XZ[X|Ne±) qryqrgi}
° ¤Wi²,Z)qr¾p²)q{Z)e°pNq~jl§¯§i±)pNqrg¨jeg$e
ji§ pXgiq{Zre
å²qrgiqrWeg¨q³i²)qeZq:ªzXJ¹ giqrqopgie|q{z jl§ºzØegiqC[Ij HoÆr±~i²XZ(i²)q ±l°q{X§°f§p²)qrg¨qoXZ[
Æ:egig¨j[)egåzØek[)q{l§r³XZ[i²q ì ªg¨±q ÆrXZZ)eå|Nq ±§q{["
ÂZ§q{X["³"¾ qØÆrXZf±§qY=
X ¤)¹kq{[!§iiXZ[Xg¨[Ò[)qrykjlXijeJ
Z UÚÂZ!¸Ujm±giq»© RI| ¾$qاi²)eI¾?i²)~
q ¤iZ)q{§i§~XRqrgwrv
vvvfjqrg¨XijleZ§e+yqrgi²)q §iXZ[Xg¨[L[)qrykjlXije=
Z WegYi²)q_s!Z)ek[)qCeZq:ªzXJ¹Bgiqrq pgie|q{z æ
å²qCgiq{§¨±i§
§i²)eI¾ i²X}i²)b
q w¶3$w ªU §i²e+¾§ºi²)q|Nq{§ÚpNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:qoWegË
X ¤)¹kq{[ §iXZ[Xg¨[([)qrykjlXijeZ e K Hv ÆÅ)
ÑXg¨mqrg~§iiXZ[Xg¨[![)qrykjlXijeZ§@[)e,Ze@giq{§¨±@jZ7XCRX§qrg Æ:eZyqrgimq{ZÆ:qØ|±i²)qY§q{Xg¨Æ²Ò|=q{Æ:ezq{§g¨XZ[)ez
dji²§izXlqrg§iXZ[Xg¨[,[)qryjXijeZ§ ¾$q Xl§ieY[eYZe mqr|Nqrqrgå§e±)ijeZ§r³|Nq{ÆrX±§q~¾ji²,§izXlN§iXZ[Xg¨[
[)qrykjlXijeZ§¯e
z±)iXijeZ ¾ qÚeZl°,zXhq}§ie+¾ pgiemgiq{§i§{
eØe+yqrg¨Æ:ezqºi²)q pg¨e|q{z
ei²)A
q w2¶ $w ª1 ,mqrijlZmo§i±Æ¨h,jlZekÆrXNepijlzoXk³)p=ep±lXijeZkª|X§q{[1
Xppg¨eXƨ²)q{§ ljlh¹
q #"
¶ $Iª1 XZ[ #"\Â&$ªU !²X{yqY|Nqrq{Z!pgiepNe§q{["µdfqY¾ XZ~eq:¹kXzjZ)q²e+¾eZ)qØÆrXZ
X%[ ¦i±§$i²)qµ§ig¨Xqrm°opXgXzØqrqrg¨L§ 8 XZM
[ 8:J å²)q@§iiXZ[Xg¨[,[)qrykjlXijeZ§$Xgiqµz±)iXq{[±§ijZ)mºXz}±lijpljlÆrXJª
ijyq³emXg¨ji²zojlÆYZ)eg¨zXll°[jl§ig¨jì|±)q{[pgiekÆ:q{§i§rA
²)qØemXg¨ji²zojlÆYZ)eg¨zX%[jl§g¨j|±)ijeZ7j§ÚzØeijyXq{[
X§}Welle+¾§r, z}±lijpljlÆrXijlyqzØe[¥j ¤ÆrXijeZÒpg¨eÆ:q{§i§ºWeg}i²)qC§iiXZ[Xg¨[ [qryjlXijleZ§ m±Xg¨XZqrq{§pNe§ijijyq
yXl±)q{§ÚReNg 6XZ[(§¨zXlqrgºze[j ¤ÆrXijeZ§Úz±§ºeÆrÆr±)gYzØegiqoeWq{ZBi²XZÎlXgimqrgºeZq{¹
§ kƲ¾ qrRq{½³w{«··
® q{ÆrX±§q}i²)q RXÆ:eg§ 8 ì XZ
[ 8 : Xgiqºgie|±§¯pXgXzØqrqrg¨§rI³ )ƨ²¾$qrRq{5 w{«·· §i±)mmq{§i§@§qrijlZ)mØi²q{z X§ReÀª
eI¾§r 8 ìPO RQ Tu S Íqë^ìXZ(
[ 8 : O S %u Íqë^ì %x@qr¾$qrgåjZyq{§ijlmXijeZ§jlZ[jlÆrXq@i²X epijlzXNX%[ ¦i±§izØq{Zi§
jlZCi²)q jlZqrgiyJX` À Hv Ælw ÂiHv Æ u ÃUº±)g¨§iX+¾$q³-w{««)« xµjl§i§iq{Z"³=w{««· L 8 ì XZM
[ 8 : ÆrXZ|NqµjlZqrgipg¨qrq{[CjlZ,i²)q~§q{Z§iqµe
q{Xg¨ZjlZ)mYg¨Xq{2§ X§jlZ Xgii¥j ¤ÆrjX"Z)q{±)g¨XNZ)qr¾$egihk§r³XZ[ pgiq{ljzjlZXgi°Yq:¹kpNqrg¨jlzØq{Zi§¯¾ji²pg¨ep=eg¨ijeZXlj°
XÆ:eg¨§ºjlZ[jlÆrXqØi²XÚi²qo§q{Xg¨Æ² pgiekÆ:q{§i§ÚÆrXZ(|NqØi±Z)q{[fRegÚpXgiijÆr±lXg eH| ¦q{Æ:ijyqo ±ZÆ:ijleZ§~|°ÒzØek[jÀª
R°jlZmi²)q{§q}RXÆ:eg¨§{ådfqjZyq{§ijlmXq{[jlZ¸Ujm±)giq}uWegµi²)=
q #",U
¶ $Iª1 _¾²)qri²)qrg@i²)qºg¨q{Æ:ezzØq{Z[XijleZ§
standard deviation σ
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
200
400
600
800
fitness calls
¬
0.14
best fitness after 100 generations
best fitness after 100 generations
0.16
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
τ1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
VXWZY\[2]_^a`>bRc,W2d5ef!g2h
τ2
VIijYk[ml/^n`>bRcoWdpefqg
¸Ujm±)giqÚu2® q{§p ¤iZ)q{§i§åXq{Z[ei²)q g¨±ZCeIyqrgi²)qÚ§ig¨Xqrm°pXg¨XzØqrqrg¨§8 XZ[(8:µRegåi²)qA#"o¶r$ªU=
ÂZ¸Ujm±)g¨qYu» X¾ q¤¹q{[J8 : X vklw{¬,XZ[!yJXgjq{[s8 ì ³"XZ[!jlZ!¸jlm±)giqu»R|å¾ ì q¤)¹q{[t8 ì XµvklwYXZ[!yXg¨jq{[
8 : %dfqº±§iq{[ Ì0uvvk³uDð&ÌóvHÆ ¬³v"qÏw$=ÌvHÆ u¬³wrvvomq{Z)qrg¨XijeZ§{³XZ[ wrvvvg±Z§¯pNqrgåper
e5kƲ¾ qrWq{egcº±)g¨§iX+¾$qºXg¨q}Xl§eoyJXlj[ Weg@i²)qºeZq:ªzXJ¹_giqrqºpgie|q{z 1å²)qÚpei§§i²e+¾²e+¾3i²)qÚ|Nq{§
¤iZ)q{§¨§ XRqrgºwrvvYmq{Z)qrgXijeZ§[)qrpNq{Z[§ eZ68
XZ[(8 : å²)q~giq{§i±li§$Æ:eZ»¤g¨z i²)q~giq{Æ:ezzØq{Z[XijeZ§ Rgiez
ì
Ú±)g§iX{¾ q@eYjlZjlijlXljrqi²)q@pXg¨XzØqrqrg§ jZi²)q~jlZqrgiyJX`À vHÆlwÂivHÆ uó¾²qrgiqo8 :x 8 å²q|Nq{§$§iel±)ijeZ§$Xgiq
8 ì ÌHv ÆlwºXZ[ 8:gÌHv Ælw{¬ØRegåi²)}q #"CU¶ $ªU XZ[ 8 ì ÌHv Ælw{¬oXZ[ 8:&Ì Hv Æ uØRegåiì ²)q¹#"\Â&$ªU=
å²q@Z)q:¹k2pXg¨2e"e±)g¯jlZyq{§ijmXijeZCWekÆr±§q{§$eZCi²)qepijzXpg¨ep=eg¨ijeZØe/
"7pXgiq{Zi§$y
e $Ce §N§pg¨jlZ)m
e_zXJ¹)jlzjrqi²)qØÆ:eZyqrgimq{ZÆ:qyq{ekÆrj°~
kƲ¾ qrWq{g w{««¬ ~pgiepNe§q{[!×
X w ¨¬ ª1 !egÚæ
X w ¨» ª1 Òi²XÚjl§
Z)q{Xg¨l°_epijlzXRegÚ§p²)qrgiqYXZ[ÒÆ:egig¨j[)egµze[)q{§rÚ¸Ujm±)giqØ»© $Æ ~Ð#" ¶ $Iª1 |@XZ[Ò¸Ujm±)giqØ»© [ Ð#"\Â&$Iª
D §i²)eI¾ i²)}
1
q ¤iZ)q{§i§}e+yqrgØi²)qZ±zº|Nqrgºe& ¤iZ)q{§i§ÆrXll§}WegYi²)q sZ)e[qoeZ)q:ªzXJ¹Bgiqrqpgie|q{z__dfq
±§q{[fXpNep±lXijeZÒ§ijrqØe Ìz" )
¶ $æÌÉuvvk_³ 8 Ì Hv Ælw{©?³ 8:Ì Hv Ælw{»?³ ð Ì Hv Æ ¬³UXZ[ÒpNqrgiWegzØq{[Lwrvvv
g¨±Z§ Weg}qryqrgi° pXgXzØqrqrg§iqrijlZ)m)e
å²)qg¨q{§i±i§Úì §¨²)e+¾Éi²X}X7g¨Xijee@
{|¡¿¯Å }ì ÆPÆPÆ ~ì ÈCgiq{§¨±i§ÚjlZ meek[
pNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:qReg2i²)8q #"~
¶ $Iª1 ØXZ[Øi²)q #"\Â&$Iª1 =i å²)q{§qåg¨q{§i±i§
Æ:e»Z ¤g¨z?i²)qåg¨q{Æ:ezzØq{Z[XijleZ§
Rgiez
kƲ¾ qrWq{5
w{«s· XZ[_® X3 ƨæ
h w{««» U å²)q jlZyq{§ijmXijleZ§Regi²)qÚ§p²)qrg¨q~ze[)q{"jZ[jlÆrXq{[,i²Xåi²q g¨Xije
e {| K ~ì jl§ºepijlzX2Æ:eZÆ:qrg¨ZjlZ)m!i²)qXÆrÆ:q{qrg¨XijlZmq §Nq{Æ:Øe§q{WªX[XpijleZ"b
å²jl§Úg¨Xijle!Xl§iepg¨e+ykjl[)q{§
i²)q}|X§ijlÆ pXg¨XzØqrqrg¨j{XijleZjlZ§g¨±zØq{ZåRegµÆ:eZgieljlZ)mØi²)qƨ²Xg¨XÆ:qrg e
i²q}§q{Xg¨Æ²"µq{Æ:giq{X§ijZ)+
m "qÏw$
q{zØp²X§ijrq{§ eZ,pXi²kªeg¨jq{Zq{[§q{Xg¨Æ² XZ[CÆ:eZyqrgimq{ZÆ:qºyq{eÆrjl°³)¾²jqjlZÆ:g¨q{X§ijlZ)Nm "qÏw$ q{X[§$eØXYzØegiq
yel±zq:ªeg¨jq{Zq{[_§q{Xg¨Æ²"
¸UjlZX°³¾$q¾¯XZ%eÚq:¹)XzjlZ)q¯i²)qåpNep±lXijeZ§ijrq ¾²jlƲYpgie+ykjl[)q{§epijzX)Æ:eZyqrg¨mq{ZÆ:q@yq{leÆrj°
å²)q pNep±lXijeZ§ijrqÚzXjZ°o[)qrpNq{Z[§¯eZ i²)q giqrpg¨q{§q{ZiXijleZ_ei²)qÚjlZ[jlyjl[±Xl§2XZ[ i²)q epijlzoj{XijeZ
pgie|q{z ´~±jl[)q{ljlZq{§¯WegµÆ¨²)ee§ijlZ)mopgiepNqrgpNep±lXijeZ §¨jrq{§ ¾²)q{Z7±§ijlZ)mx@qr0 qr°k§Regi²qÚeZ)q:ªzXJ¹
giqrqØpg¨e|q{z XZ[f±§ijZ)m §q{q{Æ:egiq{Æ:ez}|jlZXijlyq,´~µ§~¾$qrgiqC§i²)e+¾@ZfjlZ åei²lX±³´µe[)|Nqrgim)³-XZ[f@q{jlZ){
½uvv
v  Zf¸Ujm±)g¨qY»© Rq @¾ qØÆ:ezØpXgiqØi²)~
q ¤iZq{§i§µe+yqrgÚi²)qØZ±z}|=qrgµet ¤iZ)q{§i§ ÆrXll§µReg~i²)Ë
q #" ¶ $ªU
Regµ[¥j §=qrgiq{ZåpNep±XijeZ_§ijrq{,§ ÌF",U
¶ $-ådfqY±§q{s
[ 8 ì ÌHv Ælw{©/³ 8 : ÌHv Ælw{»/³ Dð
Ì0Hv Æ ¬\³ "qÏw$ËÌHv Æ u¬,XZ[
pNqrgiReg¨zØq{[(wrvvvCg¨±Z§åReg@qryqrgi°7pXg¨XzØqrqrg~§qrijlZ)m)w å²)qºg¨q{§i±i§giqryq{Xi²X@RegµX,soZe[)qºpgie|q{z_³X
pNep±lXijleZ,§¨jr0q ûÌuvvojl§q{Ze±)m² eoXlle+¾ U CA
e ¤Z[i²)qºepijlzX"§e±)ijeZgiq{ljX|°oXZ[_RX§r
»
6
4.5
4
fitness
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0
200
400
600
fitness after 10 000 fitness calls
5
1
0
3
4
5
µ/λ=0.15
µ/λ=0.25
µ/λ=0.45
5
4
3
2
3
2
1
0
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
fitness calls
7
N=100
N=200
N=300
N=400
4
4000
6000
8000
VXcnY5V¤¨¥wYC#u &
5ca©¦Tb
bd/¤£§m¥,
W2dq&f
6
5
2000
fitness calls
VI2Y5V¤y¥wYCCk
?c>!¦Tb¡
bd/¤§&¥,
Wd!mf
GA (pc=1,pm=0)
GA (pc=0.8, pm=0.01)
(1+1)-ES
(µ,λ)-ES
(µ+λ)-ES
6
5
fitness
fitness
2
6
µ/λ=0.15
µ/λ=0.25
µ/λ=0.45
1
1
a^VIijdnY0bV9gAGRW!g2qpYCC2u¢ZMb
An£!Y¡nf *^a`abcM=V^ndaboW db¡
@gReye&eme
fitness
fitness
2
standard deviation σ
4
3
0
X
V nWZY!bmf b
W&nb,&LV9g_gRYCCk*n!n0dnb l nb
5
4
800
fitness calls
6
5
3
2
4
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
2000
4000
fitness calls
6000
VIbRYV¤+¥wYCCu &
_ca©¦Tb
bdpªU«M¤*f
8000
·
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
fitness calls
VY/¬kmjW2
!m'iwbdC®\bbkoW&jc,¯?°f
¸Ujm±)giqY©å@[¦±§iizØq{Ze21 pXg¨XzØqrqrg¨§µReg@i²qsCZ)e[qºeZ)q:ªzXJ¹giqrqºpg¨e|q{z åµl-pei§@§¨²)e+¾3i²)q
iZ)q{§¨§ e+yqrgi²)qoZ±z}|=qrgºe1¤iZ)q{§i§ÚÆrXl§ÔRq:¹kÆ:qrp}¸Ujm±)giq,©» X~¾²jƨ²f§i²)eI¾§Ú|Nq{§
¤iZ)q{§i§ºXRqrgCwrvvvv
¤iZ)q{§¨§åÆrXll§¯eIyqrg,U
¤
å²q!g¨q{§i±i§ §i²e+¾ i²X_i²qÒ§¨jlzØpq ì ªg¨±lq!Reg i²)q¡w}¶Éw$ªU Rgiez åq{Ʋ)q{Z|NqrgimÜw{«·©X [)eq{§
Z)e¾$eg¨h ¾²)q{Zα§ijlZm7i²)qxqr0Úqr°(giqrpg¨q{§q{ZiXijleZ"!@e+¾ qryqrg{³ ¾²)q{Zα§ijlZm#"!¶%$Iª1(egË#"\Â&$ªU
i²)qgiq{Æ:ezzq{Z[XijeZ§YRegYi²)q_§ijlzpqo§p²)qrgiq XZ[LÆ:egig¨jl[egYze[)q{§ºRgiez kƲ¾ qrWq{ow{«··³pÚ±g¨§iX{¾ q
w{««
« ³%XZ
[ )ƨ²¾$qrRq{w w{««¬ ºÆrXZ(Xl§ie_|Nq±§q{[ÒRegºi²)qeZq:ªzXJ¹fgiqrqopg¨e|q{z ±§ijZ)m xqr0 qr°k§r¹
å²)q
q:¹)jl§ijlZ)m m±jl[)q{ljlZq{§²q{p±§
eºÆ²)ee§qpg¨ep=qrg%§ig¨Xqrm°pXg¨Xzqrqrg¨§ 8 ì ±³ 8:J³XZ[Øi²)qågXij(
e {|-
¸)eg$R±gii²)qrg
jlZ)Reg¨zXijleZX|Ne±)%i²)q±§qåe-1 YWeg$giqrqpg¨e|q{z§%±§ijlZ)m i²)q@xqr0 qr°Øq{ZÆ:e[jZ)mÚi²)qåg¨q{X[)qrg$jl§2giqrRqrgigiq{[
¹
e kƲjlZ[qrog ½uvv)$w
C² ´³ & 2NJ¶ µÒ2)ô --½42&C 42é57%)8:9;=<?>@BAC-D &
@WqrgÚjl[q{ZijR°kjlZ)moepijlzX§g¨Xqrm°ÒpXg¨XzØqrqrg§~Weg 1 ¾ qY¾ XZ e Æ:ezØpXgiqYi²)qYpNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:qYe 1
¾ji²7´ @§Wegåi²q eZ)q:ªzXJ¹_giqrqÚpgie|q{z ±§ijZ)mØxqr0 qr°k§r
¸)egµ|Nei²_epijzj{XijeZ_zqri²)e[§r³U XZ[!´ º³¾$q±§qº±ZjWegz Æ:gie§i§eIyqrg{å¸)egµi²)qY´ ¾$qjlzØpq:ª
zØq{Zq{[oX~gie±qrq:ª¾²)qrq{§q{q{Æ:ijeZ§¨Æ¨²)q{zØq@XZ[ر§q{y
[ Ìóuvvk$¼±)iXijeZojlZYi²)qÆ:eZq:¹$e"´ zq{XZ§
i²X¯i²)q~yXl±)q~eeZ)q~hqr°,jl§ g¨XZ[)ezl°oƨ²XZmq{["2µ§$|NqrRegiq³k¾$qÚ±§q{[,Weg¯i²)q 1 +8 ì ÌHv Ælw{©u³ 8 : ÌóHv Ælw{»³
Dð&ÌóHv Æ ¬³ ûÌ·"C¸¶ $=Ìóuvvk³XZ[pNqrgiReg¨zØq{[fwrvvvog¨±Z§¯Regåqryqrgi°pXgXzØqrqrg@§qrijZ)m)
¸Ujm±)g¨q»© R' @Æ:ezØpXgiq{§µi²)qpNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:q}e21 7XZ[f´~@§µReg@i²q}eZ)q:ªzoXJ¹7giqrqYpgie|lq{z ådfqpe
i²)}
q ¤iZ)q{§i§ºe+yqrgYi²)qCZ±z}|Nqrgºep ¤iZ)q{§¨§ºÆrXll§{=
²)qgiq{§i±i§º§i²e+¾ i²X X #"_%
¶ $Iª1 (²X§}i²)qC²jm²)q{§
pNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:q å²Ô
q w$¶$w ª1 mqri§§i±Æih XZ[_jl§ZeX|q A
e ¤Z[i²)q epijlzoX"§el±)ijeZ-
¹ º
¯w~å'~¸Iw~¸
ÂZØi²jl§
pXp=qrg2¾$qåq:¹kq{Z[)q{[oi²)q±§iqåeNqryel±)ijeZ§ig¨Xqrmjq{§$e}Æ:ez}|jlZXeg¨jX)giqrqåpg¨e|q{z§rU%ye±)ijeZ
§g¨Xqrmjlq{§CXgiq[)q{§ijmZ)q{[éWeg,Æ:eZijlZ±)e±§oepijlzjl{XijeZÞpgie|q{z§ØXZ[éÆrXZ|Nq7Xppljlq{[Le giqrq{§C¾²)q{Z
±§ijZ)mCi²qÆ:eZijlZ±)e±§ºZ)qr¾ egih!g¨XZ[)ez hqrÁ
° x@qr0 qr»° ~giqrpgiq{§q{ZiXijeZ"Ydfqq:¹)XzjlZq{[ÒWeg i²)q§¨jlzØpq
eZ)q:ªzXJ¹fgiqrqopgie|q{z ²e+¾e7X[ ¦±§i i²)qpXg¨Xzqrqrg¨§ e¯i²)k
q w¶$w ªiU³ #"_%
¶ $Iªi³XZ¡
[ #"\Â&$Iª1 XZ[
Æ:ezØpXg¨q{[ i²)q{jgåpNqrgiReg¨zXZÆ:q eoXاijlzØpqº´~º
å²qÚgiq{§i±li§å§i²)eI¾$q{[i²Xi²qºgiq{Æ:ezzq{Z[XijeZ§giqrmXg¨[jZ)mi²)qºX
[ ¦±§iizØq{Z@eUi²)q}U pXg¨Xzqrqrg¨§
98 u
³ 8 : ³=XZ
[ "qÏw$I¯Regµ§¨jlzØpq §p²)qrgiqºXZ[Æ:egig¨jl[eg@zØek[)q{l8§ q{ƨ²)q{Z|Nqrgim)³Uw{«·©HX qkƨ²¾$qrRq{½³Uw{««)¬ ^Ú±)gª
§iX+¾$ì q³w{««« ÆrXZ_Xl§ieØ|=qÚ±§q{[Wegi²)q q{X§°eZ)q:ªzXJ¹ giqrq pg¨e|q{z ¾²)q{Z ±§ijlZ)mi²)qºx@qr0 qr°q{ZÆ:ek[jlZ)m)
º~Zl°i²q ì ª§i±ÆrÆ:q{§¨§$g±qåReg2i²)s
q w-¶Î$w ª1 o[)eq{§$Z)e¯²)el[g¨±)qReg i²)q@eZq:ªzXJ¹ogiqrq@pgie|q{z |Nq{ÆrX±§q
zØe§@eUi²) q}z±)iXijeZ§@[)eoZ)eµÆ¨²XZmqºi²)q}giqrpgiq{§q{Zq{[_g¨qrqg å²)qrgiqrRegiq³i²)q§g¨Xqrm°_pXg¨XzØqrqrog Bjl§
Æ:eZijlZ)e±§il°ogiq{[±Æ:q{[_XZ[ i²)qÚXlmeg¨ji²z;mqri§@§i±Æ¨h
å²qgiq{§i±li§ºjlZ[jlÆrXqi²X}q:¹kjl§iijlZ)m i²)qregi° X|Ne±)1
ÆrXZ(eRq{ZB²q{p(jlþ
Z ¤Z[jlZm,meek[ pXg¨Xzqrqrg
§qrijlZm§¯WegåZ)qr¾ó°pNq{§epgie|lq{z§rUdfq ¾ XZeØq{ZÆ:e±)gXmqÚgiq{§q{Xg¨Æ²)qrg¨§¾@²)q{Z[)qryq{epjlZmZ)qr¾óg¨qrpgiq:ª
§q{ZiXijeZ§
eg
q{ƲZj ¢±)q{§U
e ¤g§
eehX
q:¹kj§ijlZ)m~i²)qregi°³eÚÆ¨²)q{ƨhYjli²)qr°ÆrXZØ|Nq¯±§q{[YX[)yJXZiXmqre±§il°³
XZ[_Zeegiq{jlZyq{Zi²)qÚ¾²)qrq{
±´¬ú#¬t^¬t~\¬¸
µÆihkqr°³
}1w{«s·»½¼¾w¿v¿kÀ2¼>Á9Â9¾w¿vÂÃZÁ,Ä*ÅÆ¼:ÃÆÂ#¿kÀ,ǾjÈ@É£ÀZ¿kÀÁ9Â9¼CñÂCÊ#ÊP¼Ê Â#ÄyËÂC¿£É® e§eZ-Ú±¾ qrg}µÆrXJª
[q{zjlÆ
®X3 Æih=>³ \ w{««» ? ÌÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾w¿uÅjÈmÐÅjÊ É±¾jÈmÂ#ÁRÆÃ Ä@ÃyÂ#¿ÑÁRà À¾jÈmÐsÅj¿uÒÔÓuÈÅÆ¼Á9¼&À:-x@qrÖ
¾ Õ%egih=Zº@¹kReg¨[Ò¦@Zjlyqrg¨§ij°
n2giq{§i§r
® q{XZ"³ ×)_ ص1 w{««u³ ×±Z)q ÙÀ¿kÀÁ9¼ZÃÚÅj¿uÒJÈRÅj¿uÒÆ¾jÄÛTÀZÐnÃǾjÈ*ÃÀÜÎÀZ¿k¼Â#¿±ÉsÅw¿uÒ¾&ÓkÁ9Â#ÄÔÂIÝ>ÅwÁ9Â9¾w¿ q{ƨ²ZjÀª
ÆrXU qrp=eg¨Y«uIª© %µZZÎgi|Neg{³
¼7ÂUµqrpXgiizØq{ZYeå Z[±§g¨jX%XZ[ ºµpNqrg¨XijeZ§2Z)mjZ)qrqrg¨jlZ)m)³
¦µZjyqrg§ij°,e
¼7jlƲjmXZ"
s
® q{XZ"³×)£ØµDw{««Ji´µq{Z)qrijÆåXmeg¨ji²z§%XZ[ØgXZ[)ez?hqr°k§%Reg2§q#¢±)q{ZÆrjlZmÚXZ[Øepijlzoj{XijeZ"/Þß,ࣻ
áϾjÎÈm¿uÅjÊ5¾w¿râ¾wÄÓkÎÁ9Â#¿±É=³ ã>½u ³w{¬Jn äw{»vk
´µe[)|Nqrgim)³"}-³µqr|->³ Ø>³ £ ²jqrgiq{Z§{³Nt w{««© W eI¾ Xg¨[(XC|Nqrqrgº±Z[)qrg¨§iXZ[jlZ)me¯zjÀ¹)jlZ)m,jlZ
mq{ZqrijlƯXmeg¨ji²zo§rÆ áϾjÎÈ&¿kÅjʾÇÁRà Ààu¾¼ÂÀÁ9Ð-¾RÇå&¿vÃmÁ9ÈmΣÄÚÀ¿Á_Åj¿kÒ+â¾j¿uÁ9ȾjÊÌ¿±ÉTÂC¿kÀ&ÀZÈ&ã³ æwç\$w ³wrav äw{»
µXzzjlZm)|³ Ú> w{«sv â¾ÒjÂ#¿±ÉÅj¿uÒMÂ#¿Ç¾jÈmÄ*ÅTÁ9Â9¾j¿ÁRÏà À2¾jÈmÐ=n2giq{ZijÆ:q:ª@Xl
@ellXZ[-\³ ×=} w{«·¬ 5 »ÒÆÅ&ÓkÁÅwÁ9¾j¿=ÂC¿Ñ¿uÅwÁ9ÎÈRÅjÊÅj¿uÒJÅjÈZÁ9 èP¼Â9ÅwÊ_ÃmÐnÃmÁ
ÀZÄ@â-@ZZÒ@gi|Neg{³"¼_¢"¦@Zjlyqrg¨§ij°
e%¼jlƨ²jmXZ_n%g¨q{§i§r
Ú±g¨§iX{¾ q³¸ c
w{««« y
ÙLÈ&οuÒÏÊIÀ
ɱÀZ¿kÒÆÀÀZÄoÓuÂ#ÈmÂü:à À·é5¿Á
ÀZÈ&Ã&Îv¼rÆÃ ο±É±À¿)ÒÆÀÈ6êÅjÈÅwÄyÀÁ
ÀZÈsÍn¾j¿UÌÍj¾jÊ ÎÁ9¾j¿vë
Ã&ÃmÁ9ÈRÅwÁ
ÀÉTÂÀ¿ëPìGÀÁÅnÃmÁ9ÈRÅwÁ
À
ÉwÂÀZ¿=@ekÆ:eg¨X[jl§i§qrg¨iXijeZ"³)¦@Zjyqrg¨§ij°CeUµegiiz±Z["
xµjl§i§q{Z-ϳ í}` w{««· / ÌÂC¿ÇAÎî ÆÃ È&ο±É(ÂC¿GÀZÍj¾jÊ ÎÁ9¾j¿oÅwî ÈRÀN»Ê©ÉƾjÈmÂ9ÁRÆÃ ÄÚÀZ¿uïÚÞ_ÓkÁ9ÂCÄÔÂÀZÈmο±ÉM¿uÅT¼rs
Ã ÒÆÀZÄñð_¾wÈËÂCÊIÒ6ÒÆÀZÈ
ÌÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾w¿djq{§|X[q{Z"? íµjqr¾ qrm)
x@eg¨zXZ"³
®µ}1 w{««¬ àk¼:à ÀÒjÎÊòÂ#¿±ÉtΣÃ&Â#¿±ÉtÁRà À6ÈÅj¿kÒT¾jÄóÛwÀÐnÃ@ɱÀ¿kÀÁ9¼(ÅjÊ©ÉÆ¾jÈmÂ#ÁR±Ã Ä
±Zp±)|lj§i²)q{[!n2²
i²q{§ijl§r³¦µZjyqrg¨§¨j°,eU¼jlƲjmXZ"³µZZ_@gi|Neg{³¼7jƨ²jmXZ-
x@eg¨zXZ"³U®µ}³ £ ® q{XZ"³ ×)? Ø~5 w{««Ji ßÅj¿uÒT¾wÄóÛwÀZÐnÃNÉ£ÀZ¿kÀÁ9Â9¼6ÅjÊ©ÉÆ¾jÈmÂ9ÁRÆÃ ÄôÇZ¾jÈoõZ¾±ËÚè£Ã ¾&Ó·ÃZ¼:Ïà À2ÒjÎÊ ÂC¿±É
q{ƨ²-
åqrpxe)N«Jª¬ µZZ_@gi|Neg{³¼_¢D å²)qÚ¦µZjyqrg§ij°Ce%¼7jlƲjmXZ"
q{ƨ²)q{Z|Nqrgim)³
ÂU
w{«»¬ - â5ÐÆËÀZÈm¿kÀÁ9Â9¼(ÃZ¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾j¿ÓÅwÁR=
à ¾RÇMÅj¿ÀömÓÏÀÈ&Â#ÄÚÀZ¿ÁÅwÊpÓkȾÆËÊIÀÄ÷q{ƨ²ZjlÆrX1 åqrpNegi
ww{uu N¸Xg¨Z|Negie±)m²"³µXZi§r³c¦ ØD e+°Xµjg¨Æ:gXWå$§iX|ljl§¨²zØq{ZrH³ Ñj|g¨Xg¨Ô
° gXZ§ilXijeZ-
q{ƨ²)q{Z|Nqrgim)³_¢e
w{«·©X ®¯jeZjh=³ %yel±ijeZ;±Zâ
[ ºµpijzjqrg¨±Zm)@
÷-ÅTÁ9ΣÈmøÂCÃÃÀ¿ÏÃZ¼r£Ã ÅÇZÁ9Êò¼:Ïà ÀßοuÒjë
ü:£Ã ÅwÎ-p³ ç£ãqw$w ³=»>¬ ä·u
q{ƨ²)q{Z|Nqrgim)³¯Âw
w{«·©J| ÌÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾j¿vÃÃmÁ9ÈRÅwÁ
À
ÉwÂÀrÞ_ÓkÁ9Â#ÄÔÂÀÈ&ο±ÉÁ
À2¼rÆÃ ¿vÂCÃZ¼rà ÀZÈsàvÐnÃmÁ
ÀZÄÚÀs¿uÅÆ¼:Ñ
à êÈmÂC¿ÝZÂqÓuÂÀ¿
Ò±ÀZÈ@ËÂ9¾jÊI¾2ÉTÂü:à À¿sÌÍn¾wÊòÎÏÁ9¾j¿I i±mXgiª®¯Xt[ دXZZ§iXr$¸g¨jq{[)g¨jƨ² ¸)giezozXZ(Z í
qrg¨Xm)
ei²lX±) ³¸ D
½uvv)$w ùu¾jøÅjÈRÒnÃ'ÅNÁRà À¾jÈ&Ð*¾ÇÈ2À¡ÓkÈRÀZÃÀZ¿uÁÅwÁ9Â9¾w¿ÏÃ_ǾjÈPÉ£ÀZ¿kÀÁ9Â9¼'Åj¿uÒ*ÀÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾j¿kÅjÈ&Ð*ÅjÊ©ÉÆ¾jÈmÂ9ÁRÆÃ Ä@ÃZï
úÔÀÍjÀZÊI¾&ÓuÄÚÀ¿ÁL¾RÇ@Ë2ÅnÃmÂ9¼*¼&¾j¿u¼mÀ¡ÓkÁ#Ã@Åw¿uÒMÁRà ÀZÂ#ÈNÅ&ÓTÓkÊò¼ÅwÁ9¾j¿GÁ¾(ËÂC¿uÅwÈ&Ð6Åj¿uÒMÁ9ÈRÀ&À@È2À¡ÓuÈ2ÀmÃÀZ¿ÁÅwÁ9¾j¿Ïâ=µekÆ¢ª
egX[jl§¨§qrgiiXijeZ"³)¦µZjyqrg¨§¨j°,e®¯X+°giq{±i²t´µqrg¨zXZ°
ei²lX±) ³¸ ³~´µe[)|Nqrgim)³å¯c
³ £ @q{jlZ){½³å}o ½uvvv o ÷NÀÁ9ø¾jÈÛÈÅw¿uÒT¾jÄñÛTÀZÐnÃsûUŸÁ9ÈRÀ&Àt¿kÀÁ9ø¾jÈÛ
È2À¡ÓkÈRÀZÃÀZ¿uÁÅwÁ9Â9¾w¿+ü:à ÀÄÚÀ\ǾjÈ?É£ÀZ¿kÀÁ9Â9¼Åj¿uÒNÀÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾w¿uÅjÈmÐ-ÅjÊ É±¾jÈmÂ#ÁRÆÃ Ä@Ã1q{ƨ²ZjlÆrX) åqrpNegix@e)stuvvv
¦µZjyqrg§ij°,eU® X+°g¨q{±)i²"³N´~qrg¨zXZ°e|Nq p±)|jl§i²)q{[,jlZ %ye±)ijeZXgi(
° Ø ezØp±iXijeZ"
ei²lX±) ³)¸$³´~el[)|Nqrgim)³k}|
³ £q{jlZ{½³}> ½uvv)w³=Ô
· ×±|° » º~Z,i²)q [)qr|XqÚÆ:eZÆ:qrg¨ZjlZm}qryel±ijeZkª
Xg¨°Ò§iq{Xg¨Æ¨² ±§ijlZ)m n%Tg ±)3 WqrgÚZ±z}|Nqrg¨§rN þ
Z åei²lX±³¸ t $[" ³ ßÀ¡ÓuÈ2ÀmÃÀZ¿ÁÅwÁ9¾j¿ÏÃ(Åj¿uÒÞ_ÓÏÀÈÅwÁ¾wÈÃǾjÈ
÷@ÀÁ9ø¾wÈÛ@êȾÆËÊIÀÄ@Ã+ü#ßNÞê÷,Ì-ùrç£ýTýwþZÿARpp-u»>u äu»· > kXZ_¸)g¨XZÆrjl§iÆ:e)k³ دXjWegZjlXk³kZ¦ k}
kƲjlZ[qrg{³"®µt
½uvv)w³
¼Xmj 5 ÌÂC¿vÃZÅwÁÝÚÍn¾w¿ÌÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾j¿,Åjî ÈRÀ¿ràÁ9ÈRÅwÁXÉwÂÀZ¿GÝZÎÈÞ_ÓkÁ9Â#ÄÔÂÀÈ&ο±ÉËÅjÎÄLÇ/¾jî ÈmÄÔÂÉ£ÀZÈ
Ô¾dwjgiÄ@i§¨ÄÔÆ¨²ÎX¿vRÂCiÛj§iÅwjlZ)Á9ÂR¾je¿Ïg¨Ãmz¿kXÀiÁÝjlhøP ÀZÈ&ÛwÀr ¼X§qrg Á§ i²)q{§ijl§r³ ¦µZjyqrg¨§¨j> X3 ® X+°g¨q{±)i²"³ Ñ-q{²g¨§i±² & ±)3 g
kƲ¾ qrRq{½³} ªnt
w{«»¬ NÐÆËÀZÈm¿kÀÁ9Âü:à ÀÔÌÍj¾jÊ ÎÁ9¾j¿=ÅjÊqÃ*àÁ9ÈRÅwÁ
À
ÉwÂÀ6ÒÆÀZÈÚÀ2öZÓÏÀZÈmÂ#ÄyÀ¿Á
ÀZÊ#ÊXÀZ¿L¾jÈü:ÆÃ ο±ÉsÂ#¿
Ò±ÀZÈ0àÁ9È/¾jî ÄÔο±ÉjÃZÁ
À2¼rÆÃ ¿vÂCÛI"¼7X§qrg Á§åi²)q{§ij§r|³ q{ƲZjl§¨Æ¨²)qº¦µZjyqrg§ij> X3 å® qrg¨ljlZ-
kƲ¾ qrRq{½³º ªnc
w{«»s ÌömÓÏÀÈ&Â#ÄÚÀZ¿Á
ÀÊCÊXÀÞ_ÓkÁ9Â#Ä@ÂÀZÈmο±É¸ÀZÂ#¿kÀÈAøPÀZÂqӣà ÅnÃÀZ¿uÒPΣî ÃÀ ®$qrgjlƨ²,©¬ ¯@¯´
¸eg¨§iƨ²±Z)m§¨jlZ§iji±å®$qrgljlZ"³)n%g¨%e ¦qrh@¼@@ª iX±§iiX²gie²)g+
kƲ¾ qrRq{½³-º ªn
w{«·¬ 5 ÌÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾j¿vÃÃmÁ9ÈRÅwÁ
À
ÉwÂÀ+Σ¿kÒ6¿vÎÄÚÀZÈmÂü:à ÀÞ_ÓkÁ9Â#Ä@ÂÀZÈmο±É"µekÆ:eg¨X
[jl§i§iqrgiiXijeZ"³
q{ƨ²ZjlÆrX-¦µZjyqrg¨§¨j°,e
®$qrgljlZ"
kƲ¾ qrRq{½³º ªnq
w{«·· / ÷ÎÄÚÀZÈmÂCÃZ¼:Ïà ÀÚÞ_Ó\Á9ÂCÄÔÂÀZÈmΣ¿£ÉÚÍj¾j¿râ¾jÄoÓuÎÏÁ
ÀZÈmëìG¾ÒÆÀZÊ#ÊXÀZ¿ÄÔÂ#ÁÁ
ÀÊqÃ-ÒÆÀÈ,ÌÍj¾jÊ ÎÁ9¾j¿vë
Ã&ÃmÁ9ÈRÅwÁ
ÀÉTÂÀr®¯X§q{½$® jlgih²±§qrg{kRgiez;ÂZqrg¨[jl§iÆrjpjlZXgiÔ° °k§q{zg§ q{§q{Xg¨Æ²"³yel±zØqºu»
«
kƲ¾ rq Rq{½³)º ªnFw{«s·uØ elq{Æ:ijlyq@p²q{Z)ezØq{ZX}jlZoqrye±)ijeZXgi°§i°§q{zo§rÂZ(د²)q{ÆihklXZ[-³n³|£ ºjl§i§r³
¢I $[§r³vêÈR¾ÆËZÊXÀZÄ@Ã0¾Ç@â¾w¿ÏÃmÁÅj¿k¼ÐÚÅj¿uÒsâãÅj¿±É£À'ë,ùÃÏÀyâ¾jÄoÓuÊXÀZÄÚÀZ¿uÁÅjÈ&Â9Á9Ð+¾Ç,àvÐnÃmÁ
ÀÄ@ûÓTÓuÈR¾ÅT¼:ÃÏÀmÃ
Á¾râ¾wÄÓkÊIÀöwÂ9Á9ÐJ³ í
el±zØqþu Rpp-$wrvu>¬ äwrv©© $®¯±[XpNq{§rnUXpNqrg¨§}pgiq{§q{Zq{[ÎXºi²)q©kwr§µZZ±X
¼7qrqrijlZ)moei²q  Zqrg¨ZXijeZXq ekÆrjqr°Regµ´µq{Z)qrg¨XW °§iq{â
z åq{§q{Xgƨ²"
kƲ¾ qrRq{½³} ªnW
w{««¬ A ÌÍn¾jÊ ÎÏÁ9Â9¾w¿Åw¿uÒ6¾&ÓkÁ9Â#Ä@ÎÄ ÃÀ&ÀmÛaÂ#¿±ÉxqrF
¾ Õ%egih2d jl§¨qr=
° £ eZ§r
wrv
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz