Derbyshire CCGs
Fair Processing Strategy
February 2015
Version 1.0
Contents
Document revision history .......................................................................................................................... 3
Document approval ..................................................................................................................................... 3
1.
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 4
2.
Background .......................................................................................................................................... 4
3.
Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.
Context ................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.1
Intended end state on processing patient data for indirect uses ............................................... 5
4.2
Use of personal data.................................................................................................................... 5
5.
5.1
Fair Processing Strategy ...................................................................................................................... 7
Overview...................................................................................................................................... 7
Fig 1: Layered approach to Fair Processing – The Fair Processing “Onion” ........................................ 7
5.2 Privacy Notices ...................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Communications mechanisms............................................................................................................... 8
6.1
Implementation Milestones ........................................................................................................ 9
Annex 1 - The Fair Processing Strategy – uses of data (taken from the NHSE Fair Processing Strategy) . 10
Overview 10
Rationale and benefits....................................................................................................................... 10
Sharing and linking data.................................................................................................................... 10
Protecting data .................................................................................................................................. 11
Individual Choice ................................................................................................................................ 11
Annex 2 Further information....................................................................................................................... 1
Annex 3 –Fair Processing – draft/template materials ................................................................................. 2
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Document revision history
Date
Version
Revision
Comment
Author / Editor
23.07.2014
0.1
First draft for Information
Governance Management
and Technology Committee
Members of the
IGMT
GEM CSU
26.09.2014
0.2
First draft for Derbyshire
CCG Information
Governance Committee
Members of the
Derbyshire CCG
IGC
GEM CSU
23.02.15
0.3
For approval by
Derbyshire IGC
Version control
and date
amendments
Document approval
Date
Version
Approving Committee
Review date
24/02/2015
1.0
Derbyshire CCG IGC
23/08/2016
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1. Executive Summary
A fair processing strategy is needed to support the NHS in meeting the legal requirement for fair
processing of personal and confidential information by organisations involved in commissioning and
providing care in an extremely complex organisational and operational environment.
The use of patients’ data is a vital part of the delivery of care and commissioning process at Clinical
Commissioning Group and national level. Providing information to the public is integral to the provision
of care and the commissioning cycle. It is also an important part of the overall engagement with a
health economy of a commissioner as part of their public participation and involvement.
This document sets out the fair processing strategy for NHS Derbyshire Clinical Commissioning Groups
(CCGs) for direct1 and indirect uses of personal and confidential data. These data are derived from the
provision of health and social care services on behalf of the CCGs as commissioners and the wider NHS.
The strategy is also needed to ensure that both organisations and staff are clear about their legal and
professional obligations.
2. Background
This document sets out the Derbyshire County Clinical Commissioning Groups Fair Processing Strategy
for direct and indirect care uses of personal and confidential data.
This strategy applies to Derbyshire Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), subsequently referred to as
the CCGs. They include
NHS Erewash CCG
NHS Hardwick CCG
NHS North Derbyshire CCG
NHS Southern Derbyshire CCG
CCGs are separate independent statutory organisations.
3. Scope
Fair Processing describes the circumstances and communication for patients and the public required
when personal and confidential data derived from the provision of health and social care services is
used, linked and shared across the health economy. This may be direct or indirect care uses1.
1
The Caldicott Review 2013 defined indirect care as ‘activities that contribute to the overall provision of services
to a population as a whole or a group of patients with a particular condition, but which fall outside the scope of
direct care. It covers health services management, preventative medicine, and medical research. Examples of
activities would be risk prediction and stratification, service evaluation, needs assessment, financial audit.’
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This strategy is relevant for all those with responsibility for use of patient data and information
governance in health and social care organisations. It is important that a consistent approach to fair
processing is adopted to provide the necessary assurance to both the public and to bodies disclosing
such data to others.
The scope of the Fair Processing Strategy covers

why a fair processing strategy is needed and the strategic context;

what the CCGs need to do to meet fair processing requirements, including developing privacy
notices, outlining the information that should be given to patients and what to do to
disseminate the information;

the need to enable, support and inform clinicians to meet relevant legal and professional
obligations.
The document also sets out the means of communicating the Strategy and its supporting material.
4. Context
4.1
Intended end state on processing patient data for indirect uses
The intended end-state of how the restructured NHS will process patient data following the 2012
Health and Social Care Act and the outcome of the Caldicott Review2 is based on




use of pseudonymised data wherever feasible to avoid the use of Personal Confidential Data
(PCD) where this is not necessary; or
use of a controlled environment (eg Accredited Safe Haven (ASH)) and weakly pseudonymised
data (ie a single pseudonym or identifier such as NHS Number or postcode) where fully
pseudonymised data cannot be used but using weakly pseudonymised data is feasible; or
consent for the activities that require Personal Confidential Data (PCD) and consent is feasible;
or
use of the Section 251 regulations through the Confidentiality Advisory Group (CAG) to set
aside the Common Law of Confidence (CLC), where pseudonymised data, ASH arrangements or
consent are not feasible routes and the use of personal confidential data can be justified eg in
Research.
Therefore data may be legitimately obtained and held for a range of purposes and in a variety of forms.
The Data Protection Act requires the holders of the data to be clear to relevant data subjects how their
data will be used.
4.2
Use of personal data
NHS and social care organisations utilise personal data in various aspects of their operations. It is a
requirement of the Data Protection Act 19983 that such data is processed on a fair basis and that data
subjects are duly informed about such uses. It is necessary therefore to provide ‘privacy notices’ to
deliver explanations to individuals when information is collected about them – in effect stating ‘how we
use your data’. Thus, fair processing describes best practice communications to ensure that patients
2
3
see https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-information-governance-review
see http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/29/contents
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know how these organisations are using their data and to ensure data from these organisations can be
legally processed by fulfilling their fair processing obligations.
The use of personal data in health and social care can be grouped in two main ways:


the primary use is for the provision of direct care and care services
the second use is for indirect care purposes – that is for uses other than for direct care and care
services.
4.2.1 Direct Care
The primary use is for provision of direct care and care services. Data are collected from patients and
shared between regulated professionals (whether in the same or different organisations) to enable the
provision of care. Relevant data are stored and processed in computer systems within care providers,
such as general practices and hospitals and within community services.
The sharing of data between regulated professionals and their organisations is implicit in the process of
provision of care. Fair processing requires that such sharing is explicit to the patient and is understood
by the patient. This is especially so when there are changes to the delivery of services, for example
where services are to be outsourced to a new provider, the use of independent sector providers or for
potential sharing with social care for integrated care.
Where such changes are to be made, there is a need to update fair processing leaflets and to actively
communicate these proposed changes well in advance of implementation. Information about how to
raise concerns will also be required and consideration given to patient objections.
4.2.2 Indirect Care
The second use is for indirect care purposes, which is to support



the commissioning of the provision of services, organisation of services,
the management of funding and resources
monitoring the effectiveness and provision of services.
Relevant data are derived from the data collected in the provision of direct care. Such data are stored
and processed within commissioning organisations, such as CCGs and NHS England, and any contracted
data processing organisations.
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5. Fair Processing Strategy
5.1
Overview
The Fair Processing Strategy is intended to enable, through a variety of communications channels and
mechanisms,





informing health and social care organisations of how data relating to patients and service
users may be collected, processed and used, together with their responsibilities for utilising
privacy notices
reminding organisations that are data controllers that they need to check that they do indeed
process personal data fairly within the meaning of the Data Protection Act
outlining the ways in which privacy notices should be developed and utilised
informing clinicians and professional staff of how the data from patients and service users may
be used and their obligations with that data
informing patients and service users of how the data they provide to health and social care
organisations is collected, protected and used both in general and specifically, as well as
providing information about who they should contact if they want to complain or know more.
Information should be made available to patients and service users initially giving basic privacy
information at a high level, with directions or links to more detailed information for those that wish to
follow this up. The more detailed information will also need to cover the specific uses referred to in the
last bullet point above. The specific uses relate to the various major domains, such as research,
commissioning and risk stratification, for which additional detail about the use and management of
relevant data will need to be provided.
Fig 1: Layered approach to Fair Processing – The Fair Processing “Onion”
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5.2 Privacy Notices
The ICO’s Privacy Notice Code of Practice4 states that privacy notices
“should tell people who you are, what you are going to do with their information and who it will be
shared with”.
It can also tell people more than this. For example, it might provide information about people’s rights
of access to their data or local arrangements for keeping their data secure. A privacy notice should be
genuinely informative making an organisation more transparent about how they are using data.
It is necessary for organisations to provide and draw patients and service user’s attention to their
privacy notices.
5.3 Communications mechanisms
The privacy notices and other communications that support a Fair Processing Strategy have a number
of difference audiences including patients, service users, carers, clinicians, professional staff and the
public.
Fig 1 indicates a number of different approaches to getting this information across to a wide audience
depending on their level of interest and need for detail.
Greater East Midlands Commissioning Support Unit (GEMCSU) will prepare a range of draft materials
and templates that can be adapted for local use based on those listed in Fig 1.
Implementation of the communication elements may require some or all of the following (depending
on local discussion/agreement)





simple high level messages/strap lines about data sharing across health and social care
separate views for the different audiences,
simple structures to enable and support easy navigation by use/purpose or user type, including
the ability to drill through to greater detail.
a master or reference site of updated content to provide relevant and necessary information in
order to meet the NHS’s legal obligations
documentation of who has responsibility for maintaining the Fair Processing ‘technical
content’,
The detailed information for patients and public needs to include
4

the uses of their data,

the related purpose of the uses

the forms in which the data will be used

who the users will be

how their data will be protected.
see http://www.ico.org.uk/for_organisations/data_protection/topic_guides/privacy_notices
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Topics on which specific Fair Processing statements will be required include

Invoice Validation, for example by providers (when they are required to invoice) and by
commissioners (why they are required to validate invoices); ensuring patients are aware of how
confidential data are processed for invoice validation

Risk Stratification – population scoring

Risk stratification – case finding

Research

National statistics

Data linkage and analysis
6. Implementation
GEM CSU Information Governance team will develop a number of template documents for review and
consultation by the Derbyshire CCGs. These will include:

Staff Fair Processing Notices (overview and detailed)

Public CCG Fair Processing Notices (overview and detailed)

Template GP Fair Processing Notices (overview and detailed)
These will be reviewed by the Information Governance Committee for cascade to each CCG. The CCGs
will be responsible for uploading the relevant notices to the website and cascading final versions to the
relevant organisations (eg general practice).
GEM CSU will maintain a change control notice and ensure that the notices are reviewed regularly and
any updates applied in line with national priorities.
6.1
Implementation Milestones
Milestone
Target Date
Agreement of Outline Fair Processing Notices
March 2014
CCGs to review current fair processing materials to ensure they include
relevant messages about
 Risk stratification
 Invoice validation
 Integrated care
 Research
May 2014
CCGs to create space on websites for fair processing to start to build the fair
processing ‘Onion’ with additional supporting materials
May 2014
CCGs to secure revised materials where needed and begin using these
June 2014
CCGs to support General Practices with review of current materials and
provision of templates
September 2014
Ongoing monitoring and review of templates
18 monthly
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Annex 1 - The Fair Processing Strategy – uses of data (taken from the NHSE Fair
Processing Strategy)
Overview
Rationale and benefits
The reasons health and social care organisations, both locally and nationally, need to use data about
the services provided to patients and service users and their outcomes include






enabling the organisations to monitor how well they are doing in terms of providing the
services and the quality of the services
enabling health and social care services to be planned
comparing care received in one area with another to determine what has worked best.
supporting ethically approved research
making sure the NHS receives the correct payments for the services it provides
determining where improvements may be needed to deliver highest quality care.
Examples of benefits arising include:







finding more effective ways of preventing, treating and managing illnesses;
guiding local decisions about the changes that are needed to respond to the needs of local
patients;
supporting public health by anticipating risks of particular diseases and conditions, and help us
to take action to prevent problems;
improving the public’s understanding of the outcomes of care, giving them confidence in health
and social care services;
guiding decisions about how to manage NHS resources so that they can best support the
treatment and care of all patients
supporting patients that are most at risk or would most benefit from a particular treatment
helping researchers by supporting studies that identify patterns in diseases, responses to
different treatments and potential solutions.
These are the sorts of reasons and benefits that should be included in general and specific privacy
notices.
Sharing and linking data
NHS patients and social care service users may receive care and treatments from a number of different
places such as their GP, hospital or community service. It is necessary to link this information together
to provide the full picture needed to support the activities listed above. In effect, sharing information
enables the NHS to improve its understanding of the most important health needs and the quality of
the treatment and care provided.
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Protecting data
Information about individual people, such as their postcode and NHS number, rather than their name,
are used to link their records, in a secure system. This enables the identities of individuals to be
protected. Information, which does not reveal who the individuals are, can then be used by others,
such as those planning NHS services and approved researchers to support the provision of care.
The Data Protection Act requires that health and social care organisations only share the minimum
amount of information they need to understand what is happening and how to improve services.
The NHS may release information to approved researchers and some third party organisations, where
this is allowed, under the strict rules in place to protect individual’s privacy. The NHS and social care
organisations are required to use information in line with the law, national guidance and best practice
and will never identify a particular person in any published reports.
Individual Choice
The NHS has committed to provide the right for individuals to prevent confidential information from
being shared or used for any purpose other than supporting the provision of direct care, except in
special circumstances. If an individual does not want information to be shared outside their GP
practice, this can be added to their medical record. This will prevent their confidential information
being used other than where necessary by law, (for example, if there is a public health emergency).
It will also be possible to restrict the use of information held by other places where care is provided,
such as hospitals and community services. Again, this can be achieved through the individual’s GP.
It is important to note that this is different to sharing decisions made, for example in relation to sharing
medical record information in support of treatment.
The choice not to share information for indirect care purposes will not affect the care provided.
Specific uses of data - commissioning
There are a range of functions in the commissioning role that leads to a variety of uses of information
about individuals. These different purposes will lead to the need to identify these purposes and uses in
relevant privacy notices. An overview is given below.
For commissioning services that pertain to direct care or commissioned as individual packages of care
(this includes Specialist Commissioning, Prisons, Military, Long Term Conditions and Requests for
Individual Funding) – the NHS already has a set process for fair processing notices, generic patient
leaflet and standard wording for the consent form.
For commissioning purposes there is a need to explain to patients how their data will be used to
support health care management and administration, and how they can object (dissent). To support
this, there is the need to cover each of the scenarios where use of person level data occurs, namely
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



financial purposes - to ensure that that providers are billing appropriately for the care received
and that they to the correct commissioner, such as if someone is on holiday and needs
emergency treatment.
determining risk profiles of the registered population to identify patients that would benefit
from proactive intervention.
case management - where the NHS will offer intervention and patients should then not only
consent to be included, but also allow their data to be shared across health and social care or
multiple partners. Thus for integrated care there is the need for a standard for fair processing
notices, individual patient information about the integrated care programme, what happens to
their data if they agree or disagree
specific types of commissioning on an individual person basis, where consent to commission
and use of the data are the norm.
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Annex 2 Further information
NHS England Fair Processing Strategy
http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/tsd/ig/ig-resources/
NHS Choices website
http://www.nhs.uk
HSCIC website
http://www.hscic.gov.uk/home
Care.data info on NHS England website
ww.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/tsd/care-data
ICO – meaning of 1st Principle:
http://www.ico.org.uk/for_organisations/data_protection/the_guide/principle_1
Privacy Notices Code of Practice
http://www.ico.org.uk/for_organisations/data_protection/topic_guides/privacy_notices
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Annex 3 –Fair Processing – draft/template materials
DP to add these once strategy approved.
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