2nd International Conference on Sustainable Mobility (ICSM 2017)
Title of Manuscript
A. B. Adam *,1,a, H. Adli2,b and S. M. Adruce3,c
1
Vehicle Safety and Biomechanics Research Centre, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety
Research (MIROS), 43000 Kajang Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Mechanical, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
3
Malaysia Automotive Institute, 63000 Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia
a,*
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract – Author should leave 36 pt. of space above the abstract and 12 pt. after the abstract. The
heading Abstract should be typed in bold 11-point Times New Roman. The body of the abstract should
be typed in italic 11-point Times New Roman in a single paragraph, immediately following the heading.
The text should be set to single spacing. The abstract must not exceed 300 words. Copyright © 2016
Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia - All rights reserved.
Keywords: Active safety, Braking system, Stopping distance, Automated Emergency Brake (Between 3 and 6
keywords must be used to describe the paper with only the first alphabet of each keyword must be capitalized.)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Write your introduction here. The text of your paper should be typed in normal 12-point Times
New Roman. The text should be set to single line spacing. Paragraphs should be justified. The
first paragraph after a section or subsection should not be indented; subsequent paragraphs
should be indented by 10 mm. The use of sections to divide the text of the paper is optional
and left as a decision for the author. Author should set and leave 24 pt. of space above and 12pt. of space after each section heading. As for other headings (sub-sections and sub-sub
sections) and paragraphs, the spacing should be set to 12 pt. above and after.
Second paragraph starts here. Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) have been widely
used in various configuration of vehicle crash test for evaluation of occupants’ injury severity.
The most used ATDs for frontal crash test, known as the Hybrid III 50th percentile male (HIII50M), was first introduced in 1976 (Humanetics Innovative Solutions, 2015a; Foster & Kortge,
1977). Since then, the HIII-50M (midsize male) and its adult family members, 5th percentile
female (HIII-5F; small female) and 95th percentile male (HIII-95M; large male), as shown in
Figure 1, have been well accepted as references for human surrogates in frontal impact crash
testing worldwide. Figures and tables, as originals of good quality and well contrasted, are to
be in their final form, ready for reproduction, pasted in the appropriate place in the text. The
width size of the lines for tables must not be thinner than ½ pt. Captions should be typed in 11point Times New Roman. They should be centred above the tables and beneath the figures.
2
1(a) HIII-5F
1(b) HIII-50M
1(c) HIII-95M
Figure 1: Adult Hybrid III dummy family (Sources: 1(a) Humanetics Innovative Solutions, 2015b;
1(b) Humanetics Innovative Solutions, 2015a; 1(c) Humanetics Innovative Solutions, 2015c)
Generally, Vehicle Type Approval (VTA) and New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)
have benefited from the frontal impact crash test but at two different levels (Zulhaidi et al.,
2011).
2.0 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Sub-Section (e.g. Data Source, Data Analysis, Observation, etc.)
The work was based on the recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO)
in which anthropometric studies are required to have a minimum of 200 samples. …
2.1.1 Sub-sub section must be in italic (e.g. Study setting, Sample size determination, etc.)
In order to ensure the anthropometric data represents the Malaysian adult population, the data
collection was conducted in all 14 states in Malaysia. …
2.2 Equations and Mathematics
Equations should be centred and should be numbered with the number on the right-hand side.
Ts (l,t) = Tg (l,t)
(1)
Ts (l,t) = Tg (l,t) Tb (x   , t) = 0
(2)
Use italics for variables (u) and bold (u) for vectors. The order for brackets should be
{[()]}, except where brackets have special significance.
3.0 RESULTS
Further observation in Table 1 revealed that the average males were roughly 121mm taller and
11kg heavier than females.
Table 1: Anthropometric data for males and females of Malaysian adults
Anthropometry
Stature (mm)
Body weight (kg)
Gender
Male
Female
Male
Female
Number of Sample
706
613
708
612
Mean
1687.9
1567.1
65.1
54.4
SD
59.0
58.3
11.0
11.1
p-value
.000
.000
3
4.0 DISCUSSION
As illustrated in Figure 3, the statures of both Chinese and Malaysian populations are slightly
shorter than the ATDs, with almost similar values.
Figure 3: Stature (mm) comparison between adult populations of Malaysian, Chinese and the US, and
the reference ATDs (diagram not according to scale)
5.0 CONCLUSION
In summary, the anthropometry of Malaysian adults does not truly represent the widely used
ATDs for crash testing. This may affect the injury outcome as well as on the consideration of
restraint system design for Malaysian population.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The heading and body of Acknowledgements should be typed in bold and normal 11-point Times New
Roman, respectively, in single-spacing text.
REFERENCES (APA Style)
Online references will be linked to their original source, only if possible. To enable this linking
extra care should be taken when preparing reference lists. References should be listed in
alphabetical order according to the first letter of the first author’s name. Some examples are as
follow:
Ariffin, A. H., Hamzah, A., Paiman, N. F., Rahman, M. K., Solah, M. S., Md Isa, M. H., Jawi,
Z. M. & Abu Kassim, K. A. (2013). Pedestrian Protection Assessment in ASEAN NCAP:
Future Consideration. Paper presented at the Southeast Asia Safer Mobility Symposium,
Melaka, 21 October 2013.
Hans (13 September 2013). Malaysia Day Special - Tracing the Origins of Malaysia's
Automotive Industry. Retrieved from http://www.livelifedrive.com/news/malaysia-dayspecial-tracing-origins-malaysias-automotive-industry/24186
4
Humanetics Innovative Solutions (2015a). Hybrid III 50th Male User Manual. Plymouth,
Michigan: Humanetics Innovative Solutions.
Humanetics Innovative Solutions (2015b). Hybrid III 5th Female User Manual 880105-000XH. Plymouth, Michigan: Humanetics Innovative Solutions.
Humanetics Innovative Solutions (2015c). Hybrid III 95th Male User Manual. Plymouth,
Michigan: Humanetics Innovative Solutions.
King, M., Zhu, B. & Tang, S. (2001). Optimal Path Planning. Mobile Robots, 8(2), 520-531.
Mohd Hafzi M. I., Baba M. D., Zulhaidi M. J. & Khairil Anwar A. K. (2016). An
Anthropometric Comparison of Current Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) with
Malaysian Adults. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 1, 15-21.
Mohd Jawi, Z., Abu Kassim, K. A., Md Isa, M. H., Hamzah, A. & Ghani, Y. (2016). Towards
Safer Cars in Malaysia. Journal of Advanced Vehicle System, 3(1), 1-13.
Zulhaidi M. J., Mohd Hafzi M. I., Norlen M., Azmi A. & Mohd Rasid O. (2015). A Systemic
Analysis on the Usage of Safety Items among Malaysian Private Vehicle Users: Where
to from Now? Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances
in Automotive Engineering & Mobility Research, Melaka, 1-3 December 2015.
Zulhaidi M. J., Fauziana L., Abdul Rahmat A. M., Khairil Anwar A. K., Fuad A., Wong S. V.
(2012). Review of the National Automotive Policy on Car Maintenance Issues:
Malaysia’s Automotive Ecosystem Explained (MRev 02/2012), Kuala Lumpur: MIROS.