Consultative Committee Meeting
on
“PMKSY-CAD- SPRINKLER & DRIP PROMOTION”
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND
GANGA REJUVENATION
KHAJURAHO, MP
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
1
Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised
 Ultimate irrigation potential (UIP) of the country is 140
Mha, out of which 114 Mha of has been created (IPC)
and irrigation potential of 88 Mha has utilised (IPU) as per
then Planning Commission upto March, 2012. As per
Ministry of Agriculture, IPU is about 65 Mha.
 60% of the irrigation is covered under ground water
resources and a large section of the farmers are
dependent on ground water for agriculture.
 Therefore, it is important to bridge the gap of IPC and IPU
and promotion of water saving techniques like
drip/sprinkler irrigation systems.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
2
IPU under CADWM programme
Plan Period
Irrigation Potential Utilized (Mha)
Upto VIII Plan
13.95
IX Plan
1.80
X Plan
2.31
XI Plan
2.08
XII Plan
0.66
Total
20.8
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
3
Progress made by the States
 Some States have achieved very good progress under
CADWM
 States like Haryana, Punjab, Tamil Nadu which have
developed /utilised Irrigation Potential has shown higher
GDP
 Similarly, Madhya Pradesh has achieved miraculous
progress in optimization of water resources
 Land under cultivation rose 21% in 10 years to 2012-13
 State’s GDP has grown more than 9% points consistently
since 2009-10; agri growth >20% in these years
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
4
Progress made by the States
Madhya Pradesh :
 Contribution of agri to GDP 27.5 %; up 5% points
 Agri growth 24.99% in 2013-14; India 4.9%; State
becomes 2nd largest producer of food grains after UP
 Irrigated area increased to 27.5 lakh ha from 7.54 lakh ha.
 Impact assessment by IIM, Indore shows Areas under micro-irrigation systems/scheme showed 30%
higher yield for potato, onion, garlic and bananas; 20% for
other crops, while farmers used 50% less water.
CADWM-MoWR
5
Objective : CADWM programme
Centrally Sponsored Command Area Development (CAD)
Programme was launched in 1974-75
 for development of adequate delivery system of irrigation
water up to farmers’ field with an objective
 to bridge the gap between potential created and utilised
and
 to enhance water use efficiency and production and
productivity of crops per unit of land and water
 for improving socio-economic condition of farmers.
The programme envisages integration of all activities relating
to irrigated agriculture in a coordinated manner with multidisciplinary team under a Command Area Development
Authority
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
6
CAD - Brief History
 CAD programme was initially started in the Ministry of
Agriculture and was transferred to Ministry of Water
Resources in the early eighties.
 The programme has been modified from time to time as per
requirements felt during its implementation.
 Reclamation of waterlogged areas was added as a component
w.e.f. 01.04.1996.
 CAD Programme was restructured as Command Area
Development and Water Management (CADWM) Programme
w.e.f. 01.04.2004.
 The scheme was being implemented as a State Sector
Scheme during the XI Five Year Plan (2008-09 to 2011-12).
 The programme is being implemented pari-passu with
Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) during XII
Plan.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
7
Components under CAD Programme
 Survey, Planning and Design of On-Farm Development (OFD)
works
 OFD Works (comprising construction of field channels, microirrigation, land leveling where necessary)
 Construction of Field, Intermediate and Link Drains
 Reclamation of Waterlogged Areas (surface & sub-surface)
 Correction of System Deficiencies in canals between outlet upto
4.25 cumec (150 cusec) capacity
 Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)-One time functional
grants and One time infrastructure grant to Water Users’
Associations
 One time infrastructure grant to WALMIs/IMTIs
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
8
Components under CAD Programme Cont’d…
 Training of Functionaries of CADAs and Farmers
 Adaptive Trials and Demonstrations (including on microirrigation, land leveling, water use efficiency) on farmers’
field for promotion of improved practices
 Monitoring and Evaluation
 Establishment- limited to 10% of the works carried out for
OFD Works, Field Drains, Reclamation of Water Logged
Area & Correction of System Deficiency.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
9
CAD - Financial Achievements
 The continuation of CADWM scheme with an outlay of
Rs.15000 crore during XII Plan has been accorded in
September, 2013.
 An amount of about Rs.6140 crore has been released to
States as Central Assistance under the CAD Programme
since its inception in 1974-75 upto July, 2015.
 Out of total, about Rs.931 crore has been released during
the period from 2012-13 to 2015-16 (July, 2015)
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
10
Cad - Physical Progress
 Active on-going projects spread across the 29 States of
the country carried over from XI Plan and new projects
included during XII Plan as on 31.3.2015 are 142,
including 24 new projects included during XII Plan.
 219 projects have been completed under CAD programme
 On-Farm Development (OFD) works comprise construction
of field channels etc. An area of about 20.8 Mha has been
covered under OFD works since inception up to end of
March, 2014.
 Under reclamation of water logged areas, 823
schemes of 9 states, namely, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala,
Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh have been
approved for reclamation of 122.532 th.ha. of water
logged areas. An area about 78.278 th.ha. has been
reclaimed by these States upto March, 2014.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
11
CAD - Physical Progress Cont’d
 To promote participatory approach, a functional grant is
provided to the Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) to
operate and maintain the irrigation system in their
jurisdiction. So far, 84779 WUAs have been formed in
various States covering an area of 17.842 M.ha.
 Under the component of correct ion system deficiencies,
129 schemes of 6 states namely Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu
approved for Correction of System Deficiency of 315.275 Th.
ha. area. An area of about 211.9 Th. ha. reported to be
covered by these States upto March, 2014.
 During XII Plan, assistance is being provided for
development of infrastructure to facilitate use of
sprinkler/drip irrigation systems as an alternative to
construction of field channels and at least 10% of CCA of
each project is to be covered under micro-irrigation.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
12
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
(PMKSY) - Introduction
 PMKSY has been approved with an indicative outlay of Rs.50000
crore over a period of five years from 2015-16 to 2019-20
 to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all
agricultural farms (Har Khet Ko Pani) in the country,
 to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired
rural prosperity.

The programme is an amalgamation of on-going schemes of
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation, Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperation and Ministry
of Rural Development.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
13
PMKSY - Convergence
PMKSY will also seek convergence of
 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (MGNRES),
 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY),
 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and Rural
Electrification programmes (JLNNSM&REP),
 Rural Infrastructure development Fund (RIDF),
 Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
(MPLAD),
 Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area Development
Scheme (MPLALAD),
 Local body funds (LBF),
 Working Plan of State Forest Department (WPSFD) etc.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
14
PMKSY - Objectives
The Prime objective of PMKSY is to increase agricultural production
and productivity and to enhance farm income. Other social, technical
and economic objectives include:
• convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level,
• enhancing access to water on farm,
• expand cultivable area under assured irrigation,
• integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use
through appropriate technologies,
• enhance on-farm WUE spatially and temporally to reduce
wastage, and increase availability,
• promote precision irrigation (sprinkler, drip, etc.),
• enhance recharge of aquifers for sustainable conservation,
• promote rain-fed integrated areas development from ground water
with supported livelihood options,
• promote agriculture extension and support,
• explore feasibility for re-use of treated municipal waste in
commands, and
• attracting private investments.
 .
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
15
PMKSY - Components
Four Schemes of MoWR,RD&GR are proposed under PMKSY, such
as
 AIBP, PMKSY(Har Khet Ko Pani),
PMKSY (per drop more crop) and
PMKSY (watershed development)
 AIBP: Main focus on AIBP would be faster completion of
ongoing major, medium irrigation (MMI) projects including
National projects.
 PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani): Its aim is to harness all
possibilities to facilitate and provide assured irrigation
supplies to each farm. The schemes include (i) new minor
irrigation schemes, (ii) repair, renovation and restoration
(RRR) of water bodies, (iii) Command Area Development
(CAD), (iv) groundwater development in potential areas, (v)
diversion schemes from plenty to scarce areas, (vi) creating
and reviving water tanks, pond etc
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
16
PMKSY – Components, Cont’d..
.
PMKSY (per drop more crop): Its aim is to promote micro irrigation
(sprinkle, drip, pivots, rain-guns). Possible candidates reported are:
District level schemes with annual plan approval, (ii) Micro irrigation
schemes under MGNREGS, (iii) micro level ground water schemes
under MGNREGS, (iv) Storage including canal storages for tail-ends
of canals, and (v) water lifting devises like diesel/electric/ solar pump
sets with water carriage pipes).
PMKSY (watershed development): Its aim is to promote rural
development, forest conservation, and drought prone area programs
including rain fed area programs such as IWMP of NRAA/MoRD.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
17
Planning
PMKSY
and
– Components,
implementation
Cont’d..
of PMKSY
 District Irrigation Plans (DIPs) shall be the cornerstone for
planning and implementation of PMKSY.
 State level and District level plans irrigation planning for all
converged schemes would be formulated.
 District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) were earlier prepared under
RKVY.
 Irrigation Plans are proposed to fill the gaps in DAPs.
 A holistic approach to irrigation planning and implementation is
suggested at block, district and state level.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
18
PMKSY – Cost Norm & Pattern of Assistance
 Technical requirements / standards, pattern of assistance etc. for
activities of respective components like AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet
Ko Pani), PMKSY (Per drop more crop) and PMKSY (Watershed
Development) will be as per the existing guidelines of the
respective Ministries/Departments or as per revised norms
including that of additional activities introduced, to be issued by the
respective ministries/departments with the approval of concerned
Union Minister.
 PMKSY funds will be provided to the State Governments as per
the pattern of assistance of Centrally Sponsored Schemes decided
by Ministry of Finance and NITI Aayog.
 During 2015-16, existing pattern of assistance of ongoing schemes
will be continued.
 Operational guidelines are in the website of Ministry of Agriculture.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
19
PMKSY – Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation
 One of the main objectives of PMKSY is improvement of on-farm
water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability
both in duration and extent.
 To accomplish this objective, enhancement for adoption of
precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop
per drop) are to be promoted with efficient water conveyance and
field application devices within the farm viz, underground piping
system, Drip & Sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns and other application
devices etc.
 Construction of micro irrigation structures are proposed to
supplement source creation activities including tube wells and dug
wells (in areas where ground water is available and not under semi
critical /critical /over exploited category of development) which are
not supported under AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani), PMKSY
(Watershed) and MGNREGS as per block/district irrigation plan.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
20
PMKSY – Status of the programme
 The operational guidelines of PMKSY approved by the Hon’ble
Agriculture Minister have been circulated.
 The preparation of DIP and SIP has been initiated. As existing
pattern of assistance of ongoing schemes will be continued during
2015-16, the process for implementation as per existing scheme
guidelines has been initiated.
 A meeting regarding implementation of Pradhan Mantri Krishi
Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) during 2015-16, was held on
06/08/2015 at New Delhi under the Chairmanship of Secretary
(MoWR,RD&GR) and Principal Secretaries of 14 State
Governments.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
21
Drip & Sprnkler Irrigation Systems
 Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation saves water and fertilizer,
allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants through a
network of bulbs, pipes, tube wells and emitters.
 Modern drip sprinkler irrigation systems have proved that yield of
crops increases upto 70% as compared to convention flow
irrigation systems.
 Adoption of modern irrigation systems also results in water savings
upto 50%, fertilizer such as utilization of difficult terrain,
maintenance of soil health, use of degraded/water logged areas,
are rendered feasible by technological interventions.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
22
Drip Irrigation Systems
 Modern drip irrigation has become the world's most valued
innovation in agriculture since the invention of the impact sprinkler
, which offered the first practical alternative to surface irrigation.
 Drip irrigation may also use devices called micro-spray heads,
which spray water in a small area, instead of dripping emitters.
These are generally used on tree and vine crops with wider root
zones.
 Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) uses permanently or temporarily
buried dripperline or drip tape located at or below the plant roots.
 It is becoming popular for row crop irrigation, especially in areas
where water supplies are limited or recycled water is used for
irrigation
 The pros are less loss of Fertilizer and nutrient due to localized
application and reduced leaching, high Water application efficiency
and the main cons are high initial cost and probable clogging of
pipes, if water is not filtered and lack of maintenance
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
23
Drip Irrigation Systems- Comparison with Traditional
Systems
Water Saving and Yield Increase under Drip Irrigation Systems for
some crops
Sl. No.
1
2
Name of Crop
Cauliflower
Cabbage
Water Saving
(%)
30-40
25-35
Yield Increase (%)
50-60
60-70
3
Potato
25-35
55-65
4
Tomato
30-50
55-75
5
Bhindi
30-45
40-50
6
Brinjal
25-35
50-70
7
Rice
30-40
105-145
8
Wheat
20-25
88-110
Source : Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural
University, Ranchi and Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences
& Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
24
Sprinkler Irrigation Systems
 Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is
similar to rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes
usually by pumping.
 It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire soil surface
through spray heads so that it breaks up into small water drops
which fall to the ground.
 Sprinklers provide efficient coverage for small to large areas and
are suitable for use on all types of properties.
 It is also adaptable to nearly all irrigable soils since sprinklers are
available in a wide range of discharge capacity.
 The pros of the system: Applicable to all types of surfaces, doesn’t
require any type of land leveling or resurfacing, and the main cons
are: High cost and maintenance, with regard to crop sensitivity due
to salt accumulation of leaves, affect of wind etc.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
25
Sprinkler Irrigation Systems- Comparison with Traditional
Systems
Water Saving and Yield Increase under Sprinkler Irrigation
Systems for some crops:
Sl.
No.
Name of Crop
Water Saving (%)
Yield Increase
(%)
1
Bhindi
37
25
2
Chilli
40
26
3
Onion
41
25
4
Cauliflower
41
24
5
Wheat
42
27
Source : Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural
University, Ranchi
CADWM-MoWR, RD&GR
26
Potential Area under Micro-Irrigation in India
Name of
State
Drip
(Area in th.ha)
Pot
Andhra
Pradesh
Bihar
Actual
% age
Sprinkler
(Area in th.ha)
Pot
Actual
% age
Total
(Area in th.ha)
Pot
Actual % age
730
363.07
49.74
387
200.95
51.93
1117
564.02
50.49
142
0.16
0.11
1708
0.21
0.01
1580
0.37
0.02
Chhatisgarh
22
3.65
16.59
189
59.27
31.36
211
62.92
29.82
Goa
10
0.76
7.60
1
0.33
33.00
11
1.09
9.91
Gujarat
1599
169.69
10.61
1679
136.28
8.12
3278
305.97
9.33
Haryana
398
7.14
1.79
1992
518.37
26.02
2390
525.51
21.99
Himachal
Pradesh
14
0.12
0.86
101
0.58
0.57
115
0.70
0.61
Jharkhand
43
0.13
0.30
114
0.37
0.32
157
0.50
0.32
Karnataka
745
177.33
23.80
697
228.62
32.80
1442
405.95
28.15
Source: Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
27
Potential Area under Micro-Irrigation in India
Name of
State
Drip
(Area in th.ha)
Pot
Actual
Sprinkler (Area in
th.ha)
% age
Pot
Actual
% age
Total
(Area in th.ha)
Pot
Actual
% age
Kerala
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra
179
1376
14.12
20.43
7.89
1.48
35
5015
2.52
117.69
7.20
2.35
214
6391
16.64
138.12
7.78
2.16
1116
482.34
43.22
1598
214.67
13.43
2714
697.01
25.68
Nagaland
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Uttar
Pradesh
West Bengal
Others
Total
11
157
559
727
544
2207
0
3.63
11.73
17
131.24
10.68
0.00
2.31
2.10
2.34
24.13
0.48
42
62
2819
4931
158
8582
3.96
23.47
10.51
706.81
27.19
10.59
9.43
53
37.85
219
0.37 3378
14.33 5658
17.21
702
0.12 10789
3.96
27.10
22.24
723.81
158.43
21.27
7.47
12.37
0.66
12.79
22.57
0.20
952
128
11659
0.15
15
1428.46
0.022
11.72
12.25
280
188
30578
150.03
30.00
2442.42
53.58 1232
150.18
15.96
316
45.00
7.99 42237 3870.88
12.19
14.24
9.16
Source: Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
28
Comparison of Cost Benefit Ratio for Canal Irrigation
and Micro-irrigation
Sl.
No.
Parameter
1
Project Area (Acre)
2009
2009
2
Project Cost (Rs. Million)
275.1
364.0
3
Project Cost (Rs. /Acre)
1,36,817
1,81,042
4
Irrigation Efficiency
57%
86%
5
Water Required, Mm3
17.97
11.91
6
Anticipated Crop Yield
as per Project cropping
pattern, MT
60,317
1,20,635
7
Water Use Efficiency,
Kg/m3
3.36
10.13
8
Expected Gross Income,
Rs. Million
50.2
158.7
9
Net Income, Rs./Acre
24,980
78,938
10
Value Creation
Efficiency, Rs./m3
2.79
13.32
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
Traditional (piped
+On Farm flow)
System
Micro-irrigation (piping
network + On Farm Drip
irrigation)
29
Level of Efficiencies from Different Types of Irrigation
Factors
Sprinkler
Irrigation System
Drip
Irrigation
Surface
Irrigation
Overall irrigation
efficiency
50-60%
80-90%
30-35%
Application
efficiency
70-80%
90%
60-70%
30%
60-70%
NA
Water saving
Source: Present Status and Future Requirement of Farm Equipment for Crop Production, MM
Pandey, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
30
Micro-Irrigation in Sanchore, Rajasthan
 Sprinkler Irrigation has been made mandatory under Narmada Canal
Project in Sanchore district, Rajasthan, for utilisation of Narmada
Water allocated to Rajasthan to Reduce chances of water logging,
Conjunctive use of surface water and ground water. The System has
led to:
 Reduction in water allowance and will result in reduction in
depleting water table
 Introduction of Kharif crop area (about 20%), which in turn will
reduce ground water table (in addition to bio-drainage)
 Controlled water supply from single source to the farmers by
volumetric measurement through pipelines
 Increase of original command of 1.31 lakh ha. to 2.46 lakh ha. by
adopting a combination of flow and sprinkler
 125 villages of Jalore and 108 villages of Barmer to be brought
under irrigation, 874 villages of Sanchore, Bhinmal & Jalore and
667 villages of Barmer district are to be benefitted for drinking
water
 More than 80% of physical target ( to cover 2.46 lakh ha) for
approaching through sprinkler irrigation of this unique project
has already been achieved.
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
31
Micro-Irrigation Systems
CCADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
32
CADWM-MoWR,RD&GR
33