Enhancing 9-1-1
Location Accuracy
A Panel Discussion – Oct 6, 2015
RO GER HIXS O N – N E N A
B O B S HER RY – IN T RAD O
RO GER M A R SHAL L - TC S
Three Challenges around
Wireless E9-1-1 Location
•Call Routing Challenge
•Enhanced (Phase II) Location Challenge
•Indoor Location Challenge
Avoid conflating these: they are distinct!
Call Routing Challenge
• Cellsite/Sector based routing is used for E9-1-1 today
◦ usually delivered as a street address, sometimes delivered with Longitude and Latitude
• Wireless Traffic Plans are pre-determined routing instructions
◦ Agreements between wireless carrier and Public Safety
◦ Infrequent updates to the WTP can cause undesirable (non-final) Rerouting results – (e.g., demographic changes, cellsite
adds/changes)
• Non-optimal Routing Results – sometimes RF coverage reaches beyond cell site map boundaries
◦ If this boundary condition happens, the result is that the call is sent to the PSAP assigned to the serving cell site - not where
the call is expected to be handled. This is considered a “non-final” routed call, but not a misrouted call.
Location based routing using Longitude and Latitude as inputs to GIS systems is an new development topic
within the CSRIC V WG1 and has many facets, including Small Cell (e.g., Femtocells, Picocells) deployments,
new emerging location technologies and hybridization, and is dependent on overall accuracy of the position
estimate information produced as well as the base map information it is compared to.
Enhanced (Phase II)
Location Challenge
•Phase II location, (Long/Lat), takes time to determine, access via E9-1-1 data links
•Call routing, by comparison, has become quicker w/ network and operations changes
•An initial “bid” usually happens automatically, w/o Telecommunicator intervention
•A “Rebid”, often a manual process is sometimes needed to get Phase II location (up
to 70% of the time)
•Phase II position information, once determined, is available - cached at the
MPC/GMLC (~87%)
•If Telecommunicators (or their CPE) “Rebid” too soon, (e.g., less than standardized
~30 sec interval), updated Phase II location may not be available.
Washington DC
May, 2013
Single carrier
Initial Bid generally <8 sec
11,585 calls
10,812 bids
6.7% abandoned
Initial Bid Timing vs.
Location Fix
…but location fixes can take up to
24 seconds
3-5 sec
~15 sec
Phase II on Initial Bids: 2588
23.9%
Phase II
available
in time for
Initial Bid
data
23-24 sec
Importance of
Location Rebids
•Rebidding often is not done
◦ Washington DC: Only 1.8% made a Rebid (191 of 10,811 calls)
◦ CalNENA policy not to perform rebids: 2006 thru 2014
◦ Dispatch info sometimes overwritten by rebids (i.e., CAD/CPE)
On initial bid (by CoS)
75.4%
0.7%
21.8%
2.1%
Phase I
Poor Phase II
Phase II A-GPS
Phase II AFLT
Rebid after 30 seconds (by CoS):
9,614 of 10,811 had a Phase II fix = 88.9%
11.1%
1.7%
73.3%
13.9%
Phase I
Poor Phase II
Phase II A-GPS
Phase II AFLT
87.2%
NG9-1-1 Improves Phase II
Data Retrieval
NG9-1-1 increases ability to get and utilize location
• Location data can be pushed - rather than only pulled
◦ SIP Subscribe/Notify
◦ No need for re-bid strategy - location information can be presented as it becomes available
• Multiple location elements can be sent – courtesy of PIDF-LO
◦ A-GPS fix (improvements using add’l GNSS, like GLONASS)
◦ OTDOA fix (faster than A-GPS)
• Richer set of location for Indoors & Outdoors
Presence Information Data Format Location Object
◦ Better location achievable from new location technologies
◦ Additional Data incl. supplemental address info, building floor plans (text and graphics)
18
Indoor Location Challenge
• Phase II outdoors traditionally has been A-GPS location
• GPS signals don’t propagate well into deep indoor environments
• FCC 4th Report & Order on Location Accuracy requires carriers to meet several rules, of
which 3 are primary, outlined as follows:
Lat/Lon delivered at 50m or better (with Confidence at 90%)
Vertical component (Z-axis) required, either altitude or floor number, etc.
Dispatchable Location, a street address that includes supplemental location data
such as floor, building, unit, etc., where available, stored in the NEAD (National
Emergency Address Database)
Indoor Location – NEAD
•NEAD is provisioned with Wi-Fi and BLE identifier information along with a validated civic
street address
•Organizations such as CTIA, ATIS, IETF, NENA and others are engaged in building
requirements, architectures, and specifications
◦ Several CTIA LA (Location Accuracy) work groups are engaged
◦ ATIS WTSC Joint ELOC Task Force is developing an initial architecture
•New Location Technologies will emerge and be tested
◦ ATIS ESM is describing testing requirements and methodologies
◦ Some early prototypes have been developed, such as a LIS-NEAD and Enterprise Wi-Fi
Positioning
Proposed Standard NEAD Architecture
Legacy PSAP Delivery
Other
Data
Sources
Data Provision
Function
NEAD
Wi-Fi (BSSID)
BLE(UUID)
Carrier
Data
Sources
eSMLC
SR
Target
Device
Incoming
Emergency
9-1-1 Call
Access
Network
Detail
Not Shown
E-CSCF
MSC
9-1-1
LRF/GMLC
Legacy Emergency
Services Network
ALI
PSAP
E-CSCF
CPE
[deliver coarse location]
[deliver dispatchable location]
Proposed Evolved NEAD Architecture
Legacy PSAP Delivery
Other
Data
Sources
Data Provision
Function
NEAD
Wi-Fi (BSSID)
BLE(UUID)
Wi-Fi
Enterprise
E-CSCF
Loc Engine
Wi-Fi
Probe
E-CSCF
Data
OTT
Address
Database
Carrier
Data
Sources
Interface
Development Effort
Current and Future
eSMLC
SR
Target
Device
Incoming
Emergency
9-1-1 Call
Access
Network
Detail
Not Shown
E-CSCF
MSC
9-1-1
LRF/GMLC
Legacy Emergency
Services Network
ALI
PSAP
E-CSCF
CPE
[deliver coarse location]
[deliver dispatchable location]
Enterprise Indoor Location – Washington DC
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Wi-Fi AP
Controllers (2
Cisco MSEs)
Indoor Location
Dispatchable
Location
Indoor Map
Satellite Overlay for Campus View
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Satellite Map
(Campus View)
Expanded Indoor Location View
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Dispatchable
Location
Indoor Map
(Expanded View)
North Orientation
Multi-Story Enterprise Location
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Enterprise
Location for
Dispatchable
Location using
Measured Wi-Fi
Multi-faceted Location – Seattle, WA
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Enterprise
Location (Indoor
Map)
Dispatchable
Location
Other Data
Sources
Indoor Map
National Emergency Address Database (NEAD)
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
NEAD Location
NEAD
Dispatchable
Location (Address,
Floor, Additional Info)
Wi-Fi Access
Points
(Wi-Fi APs)
Global Wi-Fi Services (Geodetic Location)
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Global Wi-Fi
Services (Enhanced
Location)
Geodetic Location
Additional Location Data Sources
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Other Data Sources
(Enhanced Location)
Data from Mobile
Device
Bluetooth
Billing Data
Caller-supplied
Questions
Roger S. Marshall
TeleCommunication Systems (TCS)
[email protected]
Bob Sherry
Intrado
[email protected]
Roger Hixson
NENA
[email protected]