TREE DIAGRAM ON INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
1
Culture
1.1
Definitions
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.2
The personality of the group
The way we do things here
Similes
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.4
House
Iceberg
Onion
Spectacles/glasses
Nature
Opposite to culture
Universal
Culturally defined
Expressions
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
Language & gestures
Groups & hierarchies
Work
Sex roles
Territories & conceptions of
space
1.4.6 Conceptions of time
1.4.7 Education
1.4.8 Play & leisure activities
1.4.9 Protection & defence
1.4.10 Ideas on nature and technology
1.5
Roots
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
1.5.5
1.5.6
1.6
1.6.1
Geography
Climate
History
Religion
Demography
Traditions
Values
1.6.1.1
1.6.1.2
1.6.1.3
1.6.1.4
1.6.1.5
1.6.1.6
1.6.1.7
1.6.1.8
1.6.1.9
1.6.2
Positive and negative
Good – bad
Important – pointless
Natural – unnatural
Fun – boring
Serious – ridiculous
Clean – dirty
Healthy– dangerous
Wise – silly
Cool – corny
Dimensions
1.6.2.1 Power distance (hierarchy or
equality)
1.6.2.2 Individualism (or collectivism)
1.6.2.3 Masculinity (or femininity)
1.6.2.4
1.6.2.5
1.6.2.6
1.6.2.7
1.6.2.8
1.6.3
Uncertainty avoidance
Long term orientation
Universalism (or particularism)
Task or people orientation
Neutral or emotional
Attitudes
1.6.3.1 Positive value: detailed information
1.6.3.2 Negative value: superficial
information
1.6.4
Taboos
1.6.4.1 “Unclean” phenomena
1.6.4.2 Bringing bad luck
1.7 Beliefs
1.7.1
1.7.2
1.7.3
1.7.4
1.8
1.8.1
1.8.2
1.8.3
1.8.4
2
“Knowledge”
Undisputed truths
Ideology
Cosmology
Identity
Subjectivities
Groups
Beliefs
Attitudes
Communication
2.1
Elements
2.2
Codes
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.2.1
2.2.2
Transmitter/sender
Receiver
Message
Channel
Noise
Situation
Feedback
Encoding
Decoding
Response
Arbitrary
Signs
2.2.2.1 Icon
2.2.2.2 Index
2.2.2.3 Symbol
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
Combinations
Rituals
Style
Media
Rhetoric
Coverage
Fame
Stereotypes
TREE DIAGRAM ON INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.4
2.4.1
Advertising
Americanisation
Non-verbal communication
Things
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.3
2.4.1.4
2.4.1.5
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
Status symbols
Money
Adornment
Furniture
Architecture
Dress
Posture
Distance and touching
2.4.4.1
2.4.4.2
2.4.4.3
2.4.4.4
2.4.5
Public
Personal
Intimate
Coordinated with eye behaviour
Voice
2.4.5.1
2.4.5.2
2.4.5.3
2.4.5.4
2.4.5.5
2.4.6
Speed
Volume
Phrasing
Silence
Overlapping
Gestures
2.4.6.1
2.4.6.2
2.4.6.3
2.4.6.4
2.4.6.5
2.4.7
Signs with verbal translations
Illustrators
Expressive movements
Conversation management
Fidgeting
Eye behaviour
2.4.7.1
2.4.7.2
2.4.7.3
2.4.7.4
2.4.8
2.4.9
Public
Personal
Intimate
Varies with distance
Looks
Attraction
2.4.9.1 Similarity
2.4.9.2 Exotism
2.4.10 Surrounding factors
2.5
Verbal communication
2.5.1
Style
2.5.1.1 Cursing
2.5.1.2 Understatement
2.5.1.3 “Level”
2.5.2
2.5.2.1
2.5.2.2
2.5.2.3
2.5.2.4
2.5.2.5
2.5.3
Group language
Sociolect
Dialect
Chronolect
Jargon
Slang
Code
2.5.3.1 Elaborated
2.5.3.2 Restricted
2.5.3.3 Symbols
2.5.3.4 Rituals
2.5.4
Combinations with NVC
2.5.4.1 Conversation management etc.
3
Perception
3.1
3.1.1
Categorisation
Attribution
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.1.4
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.3
Trait
State
Situation
Culture
Broad or detailed categorisation
Directs expectations
Stereotypes
Projection of negative thoughts
Demonstrate the norms and
taboos
Reinforce the in-group
Time
3.3.1
3.3.2
Monochronous conception
Polychronous conception
3.4
Space
3.5
Expectations
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.5.1
3.5.2
4
Interpersonal distance
Architecture
Interior decoration
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Tendency to want to fulfil
Groups
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
Us and them
In-group
Loyalty
Demonisation
Indifference
Myths
Stereotypes
Roles
Positions
Expectations
4.3
Norms
4.4
Outsiders
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.4.1
Scapegoats
Criminals
Vary with the roles in the group
The stranger
TREE DIAGRAM ON INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
4.4.2
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.6
Bicultural personality
Leadership
Ascribed position
Achieved position
5.6
5.6.1
Minimising communication
Suspicion
Business
Free flow of raw materials,
products, people, money, and
ideas
Mergers
Joint ventures
Multinational enterprises
Subcultures
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
4.6.7
4.6.8
4.6.9
4.6.10
Immigrants
Work
Religion
Children
Gangs
Elites
WASP
Romani
Military
Other
4.6.10.1 Sports
4.6.10.2 Studies
4.6.10.3 Music fans
4.7 Networks
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.8
Professional
Criminal
Organisations
Personal
Gender
4.8.1
Cultural sex
4.8.1.1 Masculinity
4.8.1.2 Femininity
4.8.2
5
5.5.1
5.5.2
Gay culture
Cross-cultural contacts
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
Clashes of culture
Failed expectations
Strong feelings
Interruption of communication
Culture Shock
Depression
Personality change
Loss of identity
Isolation
Re-entry shock
Attraction
Similarity
Exotism
5.4
Integration
5.5
Segregation
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
Fusion
Mutual change
Assimilation is one-sided change
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.7
5.7.1
5.7.2
Work and studies
ICC skills in demand
Access to information in other
groups and places
Networking
5.7.3
5.8
Politics
5.8.1
Diplomacy
5.8.1.1 Ministries
5.8.1.2 Embassies
5.9 Consulates
5.9.1
UN
5.9.1.1 Peacekeeping missions
5.9.1.2 Development projects
5.9.1.3 Political cooperation
5.9.2
EU
5.9.2.1 Student exchanges
5.9.2.2 Free flow of people, money,
products, and ideas
5.9.2.3 Culture change
5.10 Conflicts
5.10.1
5.10.2
5.10.3
5.10.4
Repression
Segregation
War
Refugees
5.11 Tourism
5.11.1 Mass tourism
5.11.2 Superficial impressions
5.11.3 Close encounters
5.12 ICT
5.12.1 Mobile phones
5.12.1.1 SMS
5.12.1.2 MMS
5.12.2 Internet
5.12.2.1 Email
5.12.2.2 Chat
5.12.2.3 Forums
TREE DIAGRAM ON INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
6
Intercultural competence
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.4
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
Ethnocentrism
Wide categories
Suspicion
We (our ways) are better
Little understanding of language
Little understanding of other
codes
Ethnorelativism
Naivety
Cultural relativism
Immorality
Go native
Bicultural personality
Openness
Deep understanding
Assimilation
Becoming similar the majority or
elite
One-way flow of ideas
Integration
Mutual change into something
new
Free flow of ideas
Fusion