The influence of gender on The Disability
Creation Process :
1
Human development model
Personal factors
Environmental factors
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Including sexe and gender
Including gender
Interaction
(RIPPH,
1996)
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
According to roles and tasks given to men and women within the community
2
Risk factors
Disability Creation Process
Cause
(RIPPH, 1996)
Personal factors
Environmental factors
Organic systems
Integrity
org. impairment
Aptitudes
capacity funct. impairment
Facilitator
Obstacle
Interaction
Life habits
Social participation
Disabling situation
3
Risk factors
Cause
« A risk factor is an element belonging
to an individual or resulting from the
environment that is liable to cause a
disease, a trauma or any other form of
deterioration in a person’s integrity or
development. »
Risks factors are sometimes different
for men and women.
4
How Sexe and Gender influence
Risk factors
The
main
categories:
1 – Biological risks : sex Eg. disability caused by pregnancy and delivery (18
millions women/year)
2 – Risks related to the physical environment: repartition of tasks within the
society (gender) Eg. Mine affected area around water point
3 – Risks related to social organisation : cultural and social practices
(gender) Eg :Female genital mutilation, professional risk, domestic
accident
4 – Risks related to individual and social behaviour: How individual behave
according to what is expected by society. Eg: road accident
5
Risk factor
Facteur de risque
Cause
Cause
Personal factors
Organic systems
Integrity
Aptitudes
org.impairment Capacity
funct.impairment
« An organic system is a group of body components
with a shared function. »
«An impairment corresponds to the degree of
anatomical, histological (structure) or physiological
(functioning) deterioration to an organic system. »
« A personal factor is a
characteristic belonging to
a person, such as age,
sex,
socio-cultural identity
(including gender),
organic systems,
aptitudes, etc. »
« An aptitude is the
possibility for a person
to accomplish a
physical or mental
activity. »
Some aptitudes are
also attributed by sex:
-giving birth for a
women (aptitude
related to reproduction)
-be strong for a man
(aptitude related to
resistance and
protection)
6
« An environmental factor is a
social or physical dimension that
determines the organisation and the
context of a society. » Gender is an
environmental factor that conditions
roles and responsibilities of men
and women
Environmental factors
« A facilitator is an environmental
factor that promotes the realisation
of life habits. »
Facilitator
Obstacle
« An obstacle is an
environmental factor that reduces
the realisation of life habits
7
Environmental factors
Facilitator
Obstacle
• Some
beliefs and cultural
perceptions can render
women with disabilities
ineligible to marriage and
motherhood.
Stereotypes on gender and disability and
some cultural practices (eg. dowry) represent
environmental obstacles
8
Environmental factors
Facilitator
Obstacle
In some cultural contexts
the presence of female
health workers facilitate the
attendance of rehabilitation
centers by women
9
Environmental factors
Facilitator
Obstacle
Sexual harassment and
gender based violence in
school environment
hamper disabled girls’
access to school
10
Environmental factors
Equal rights !
Facilitator
Obstacle
An efficient law to
facilitate insertion of
people with
disability and which
promote gender
equality will have a
significant impact
on how women and
men experience
their disability.
11
Environmental factors
Facilitator
Obstacle
Family can be a major
facilitator
12
Environmental factors
Facilitator
Obstacle
Family environment is a
major factor
(overprotection, control,
support…) The knowledge
of the allocation of tasks,
powers and responsibilities
within the household
between men and women
is essential
13
« A life
habit is an everyday activity or a
social role which relates to and is valued by
the person or his/her socio-cultural context
according to his/her characteristics (age, sex,
identity, etc.). It ensures a person’s survival
and well-being »
Gender conditions women and men’s life
habits. Gender keep them in specific roles and
tasks (reproductive role, productive role,
community role etc..)
Life habits
Social participation
Disabling situation
14
Life habits
Social participation
Disabling situation
A situation of social participation
corresponds to the full realisation of
life habits. Some of those habits are
conditioned by gender
Women:
Men:
Looking after
children
Working
Domestic tasks
Protecting his
family
Field labour
Cattle raising
Supplying in basic
goods
Attending school
dancing
Exercing sport
Examples differ with the cultural contexts
15
Questions
16