IEA Annex XXI Dynamic Models of
Wind Turbines
Dr. Alan Mullane, University College Dublin
Irish Country Representative for Sustainable Energy Ireland
Annex 21 Modelling Philosophy
Annex 21 Modelling Reality
Irelands Primary Activities
Fault Ride Thru
Non-linear
system
Net effect of non linearity
Knowledge is power
System Frequency
Intel Plant, Co. Kildare / Courtesy Intel
System Inertia
Growing System
Growing Demand
System Inertia
and wind
Growing System ?????
Growing
Demand
Inertial Response
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Rule : An inertial response is provided if an
increase in electrical demand causes the windturbine to decelerate.
Technology Dependant Responses
System-wide Effect
Initial Conclusions
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Increasing wind generation will degrade the ability to
control system frequency.
The level of degradation will depend on the windturbine technology employed.
Governor response may alleviate issue.
Speed control allows for configurable inertial
response.
Present-day analysis
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The low capacity factor of wind-turbines could be
beneficial for system wide frequency control.
Part loaded wind turbines provide little power but full
inertial contribution.
Many wind-turbines operating below rated power
could have a cumulative inertial response that would
exceed that of a conventional plant at the same
power output.
Required metric for Ireland is the number of turbines
spinning vs. output wind power.
Effective Inertia Analysis
Total
Spinning
Spinning Wind vs. Wind Output
Total Wind Output
Courtesy : Airtricity
Wind Turbine Inertia Multiplier
Main Publications from Annex Participation