Table 1: Distribution of patients according to type of haemorrhagic stroke
Type of stroke
Intracerebral haemorrhage
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Total
No. of patients (%)
92 (92%)
08 (8%)
100 (100%)
Figure 1. Distribution of patients according to type of haemorrahgic stroke
8
Intracerebral haemorrhage
92
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Table 2: Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation
Headache
Vomiting
Loss of consciousness
Hemiparesis
Seizure
Sensory Loss
Aphasia
No. of patients (%)
70 (70%)
68 (68%)
84 (84%)
82 (82%)
38 (38%)
7 (7%)
52 (52%)
Figure 2: Clinical presentation
38
7
52
70
Headache
68
Vomiting
Loss of consciousness
82
84
Hemiparesis
Seizure
Sensory Loss
Aphasia
Table 3: Distribution of Patients according to Serum Creatinine concentration
at time of presentation
Serum Creatinine(umol/L)
30-81
82-97
98-118
>119
Cases of Acute Haemorrhagic Stroke
12(12%)
24 (24%)
31(31%)
33(33%)
Figure 3: Distribution of Patients according to Serum Creatinine concentration
at time of presentation
33
35
31
30
24
No. of patients
25
20
15
cases of acute haemorrhagic
stroke
12
10
5
0
30-81
82-97
98-118
Serum creatinine level(umol/l)
>119
Table 4: Distribution of Patients according to Blood Urea concentration at time
of presentation
Blood Urea(mmol/L)
1.8-5.2
5.3-6.7
6.8-8.9
>9
Cases of Acute Haemorrhagic Stroke
8(8%)
18(18%)
32(32%)
42(42%)
Figure 4: Distribution of Patients according to Blood Urea concentration at
time of presentation
45
40
No. of patients
35
30
25
Cases of Acute Haemorrhagic
Stroke
20
15
10
5
0
1.8-5.2
5.3-6.7
6.8-8.9
Serum blood urea level (mmol/l)
>9
Table 5: Distribution of patients according to eGFR
Group A ( eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m2 )
Group B ( eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 )
Total
71 (71%)
29 (29%)
100 (100%)
Figure 5: Distribution of patients according to eGFR
71
80
70
No. of patients
60
50
29
40
30
20
10
0
Group A
Group B
Table 6: Age distribution of the study group
Age (in yrs)
18-40
40-65
>65
Total
Group A
05 (07.05%)
18 (25.35%)
48 (67.60%)
71 (100%)
Group B
01 (03.45%)
09 (31.03%)
19 (65.52%)
29 (100%)
Figure 6: Age distribution of the study group
67.60%
percentage distribution of patients
70.00%
65.52%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
31.03%
25.35%
30.00%
Group A
Group B
20.00%
10.00%
7.05%
3.45%
0.00%
18-40
40-65
Age (yrs)
>65
Table 7: Distribution of patients on the basis of sex
Sex
Male
Female
Total
Group A
45 (63.38%)
26 (36.62%)
71 (100%)
Group B
18 (62.07%)
11 (37.93%)
29 (100%)
Figure 7: Distribution of patients on the basis of sex
percentage distribution of patients
70.00%
63.38%
62.07%
60.00%
50.00%
36.62%
40.00%
37.93%
GroupA
30.00%
Group B
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Male
Female
Sex
Table 8: Distribution of patients according to BMI
BMI (kg/ m2)
<30
>30
Total
Group A
35 (49.29%)
36 (50.71%)
71 (100%)
Group B
10 (34.48)
19 (65.52%)
29 (100%)
Figure 8: Distribution of patients according to BMI
65.52%
percentage distribution of patients
70.00%
60.00%
50.71%
49.29%
50.00%
34.48%
40.00%
Group A
30.00%
Group B
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
<30 kg/m2
>30 kg/m2
BMI (kg/m2)
Table 9: Distribution of risk factors in both groups
Risk Factors
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Dyslipidemia
Smoking
Alcohol
Cardiovascular disease
Previous history of
stroke/TIA
Group A
44 (61.97%)
32 (45.07%)
22 (30.98%)
34 (47.89%)
28 (39.44%)
30 (42.25%)
15 (21.13%)
Group B
20 (68.96%)
15 (51.72%)
9 (31.03%)
14 (48.27%)
13 (44.83%)
20 (68.96%)
8 (27.56%)
Figure 9: Distribution of risk factors in both groups
68.96%
percentage distribution of patients
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
68.96%
61.97%
48.27%
51.72%
45.07%
47.89%
30.98%31.03%
30.00%
44.83%
42.25%
39.44%
27.56%
21.13%
20.00%
Group A
Group B
10.00%
0.00%
Risk factors
Table 10: Glasgow Coma Scoring
GCS
3-4
5-8
9-13
>13
Total
Group A
08 (11.27%)
26 (36.62%)
27 (38.03%)
10 (14.08%)
71 (100%)
Group B
06 (20.68%)
05 (17.34%)
10 (34.48%)
08 (27.50%)
29 (100%)
Figure 10: Glasgow Coma Scoring
percentage distribution of patients
40.00%
36.62%
38.03%
34.48%
35.00%
27.50%
30.00%
25.00%
20.68%
17.34%
20.00%
Group A
14.08%
15.00%
11.27%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
3 to 4
5 to 8
9 to 13
Glasgow coma score
> 13
Group B
Table 11: Outcome (Overall Mortality within 30 days of presentation)
Mortality
14(19.72%)
8(27.58%)
Group A
Group B
Total no. of patients
71
29
Figure 11: Outcome (Overall Mortality within 30 days of presentation)
19.72%
27.58%
Group A
Group B
Table 12: Distribution of Overall Outcome (Mortality within 30 days) according
to Serum Creatinine Concentration
Serum Creatinine(umol/L)
30-81
82-97
98-118
>119
Outcome (Mortality within 30 days)
3(13.65%)
5 (22.75%)
6(27.25%)
8(36.35%)
Figure 12: Distribution of Overall Outcome (Mortality within 30 days) according
to Serum Creatinine Concentration
8
8
7
6
No. of patients
6
5
5
4
3
Outcome
3
2
1
0
30-81
82-97
98-118
Serum creatinine level (umol/l)
>119
Table 13: Distribution of Overall Outcome (Mortality within 30 days) according
to Blood Urea Concentration
Blood Urea(mmol/L)
1.8-5.2
5.3-6.7
6.8-8.9
>9
Outcome (Mortality within 30 days)
2(9.15%)
5(22.75%)
7(31.75%)
8(36.35%)
Figure 13: Distribution of Overall Outcome (Mortality within 30 days) according
to Blood Urea Concentration
8
8
7
7
no. of patients
6
5
5
4
3
Outcome
2
2
1
0
1.8-5.2
5.3-6.7
6.8-8.9
Blood urea level (mmol/l)
>9
Table 14: comparison of type of stroke in different studies
Types
Present Study
92%
J Bamford et
al 7
66%
O G Nilsson et
al 8
73.2%
Intracerebral
haemorrhage
Subarachnoid
haemorrhage
8%
33%
22.7%
Table 15: Comparison of Renal dysfunction among stroke patients in different
studies on the basis of eGFR
Study
Present Study
Tsagalis et al 9
Hao Z et al 10
Naganuma et al 11
Diange Liu et al 12
Renal Dysfunction
29%
28.08%
26.30%
32.20%
45.10%