UNIV 1212: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
SPRING 2013
Name: Bashair Bin Afif.
ID# 201100788
Sec: 205
Assignment 4:
Compare and Contrast Two Argument Essays
(20%=Individual Written Report)
CRITERIA
Introduction
Assessment Rubric for Written Report
SCORES
Introduces the issue and its importance, a reference to justify importance of
assignment, states your initial overall opinion of both essay’s arguments, says
what your report will cover
4
Identify reason
Identify the reasons
2
Argument type
Identify the argument type and justify
2
Identify the fallacies and justify
2
Highlight questionable assumptions
2
Offers alternative explanations for reasons
2
Identify reason
Identify the reasons
2
Argument type
Identify the argument type and justify
2
Identify the fallacies and justify
2
Highlight questionable assumptions
2
Offers alternative explanations for reasons
2
Compare
Compares the similarities of the type of arguments and fallacies used in the 2
essays, and other similarities
4
Contrast
Contrasts the differences of the type of arguments and fallacies used in the 2
essays, and other differences
4
Conclusion
Restate the issue, summarizes the strength of the arguments in the essays, gives
your opinion about which essay is the strongest with supporting reasons
4
Mechanics
Punctuation, spelling, and capitalization are correct, words are well chosen, no cut
and pasting, uses your own words, use of headings, topic sentences, third person,
full sentences, no bullet points
4
Arguments against
issue
Fallacy
Assumptions
Counterexamples
Arguments for issue
Fallacy
Assumptions
Counterexamples
TOTAL
40
Comments:
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TOTAL SCORE (OUT OF 20%):__________________________________________
Introduction:
From a long time people start smoking until these days so, this is very dangerous problem.
There are many people who are smoking in all over the world. The number of smokers in the
world has reached to 1.3 billion. All doctors and scholarly said that smoking cause many
diseases also they said that smoking at the forefront of the leading causes of lung cancer.
Moreover, it is lead to polluting the plant. For example, it is cause air pollution, water pollution
and cigarette could cause fires. Smoking affects on smokers and the people who are around them
through different ways. That threat to non-smoking people. People have to put a solution to stop
this threat. They put the smokers' people in separate areas which called smoking areas. That is
one of the solutions but, there are not find a good, helpful and useful solution to protect the nonsmokers health. In this report, we will talk about Arguments against Banning Smoking,
Arguments for Banning Smoking and compare and contrast between these two arguments by
assumptions, fallacies and argument type.
Arguments against Banning Smoking:
In restaurants or work pleases foe example they put a separate areas for smokers people to not
hurt non-smoking people from the smell of smoke. Actually, smokers' people they would be
have smelled of cigarette stuck to their clothes and their mouths even if they smoking outside or
in the smoking areas. That will affect in people who are around them. That is dangerous for nonsmoking people which cause diseases for them because of smokers people and this is unfair.
Unless the laws are changed and become stricter such as punishable the smokers people if they
smoke in public areas. The type of argument is an example.
Smokers' people said that when we start smoke we feel better and comfortable and clam.
Most of smokers' employees said this. They said also that in work place we faced many pressures
and many assignments to do so, we found that smoking is the best solution to reduce the stress.
This is not a compelling reason for smoking at work place. If smokers' still smoke in a close
areas (work places) they will bother non-smoking people. In fact, there are many solutions to
reduce stress and they are better than smoking such as, go to open area and breathe fresh air or
drink coffee or tea. The argument type is analogy.
Some companies allow smoking inside the work places or in the work time. The reason of
allow smoking people to smoke at the work places companies said that this issue is a personal
freedom. In my opinion, this is incorrect reason to allow smokers smoking in public places. The
Risk cigarettes do not only affect the human body, but also affecting the whole world. Let's
assume that smokers follow the company policy. After a short period of time, cigarettes smoke
make the ozone layer be larger than leading to an explosion in the whole world. The argument
type is authority.
If it is prohibited to smoke at the public areas people will smoke at their homes or at their
cars. Smoking at home or at car it will cause a bothering or cause diseases to their families
especially children. Also, most smokers like to smoke with drink coffee, tea or alcohol. This
creates another big issue. Drinking too much coffee or tea or alcohol it is harmful and causes
many diseases. The argument type is example.
A ban on smoking in public places would drive many bars, pubs and clubs to be out of this
business. In my opinion, anything that prohibited in public places, such as alcoholic beverages
and cigarettes are allowed in bars and clubs to be an advantage for them to gain customers. Let`s
Suppose that the smoking ban in public places, as well as bars, there would be no place for
smokers can smoke in it only in their homes and this is impossible. The argument type is
authority.
This makes non-smoking people hate to work in these places. If they have problems in their
lung may have to leave this work if there is no decision to prevent smokers to smoke. When non-
smoking people find a job, the first concerns is to ask about the work environment and is there
any smokers around them or is their smoking areas. The argument is analogy.
Arguments for Banning Smoking:
In United State (USA) there is a study said that smoking increases the percent of heart and
lung degasses by about 40%. Also, it is cause problems in fetuses of mothers who are smoking or
exposed to it. There are many studies says that non-smoking people who set in a place with a
smokers people have a risk or heart or lung problems more than people who smoke. That's mean
that the non-smoking people affected more than smokers themselves. The argument type is
example.
American heart association shows studies those children who breathe the cigarette smoke
more likely to gain diseases. In fact, children bodies have less protection than older people
bodies. Let's assume that smoker smoke in front of child and teenager. It affects children
behavior when they see their father, mother, sister or brother smoking. They will try to do like
them. The result will be more harmful for the child than the teenager. The argument type is
authority.
Even if there are smokings areas the cigarette smoke will not remain in one place. That is the
reason for prevent smoking in public places. The cigarette smoke will spread out through the
place in less than few minutes. After it is spread, it will affect the whole people in the place. The
argument type is analogy. The argument type is example.
The non-smoking peoples some of them if they smell the cigarette smoke they will be on bad
mood the whole day. Also, the unpleasant smell of cigarette will stuck on non-smoking people
clothes and body. Suppose the smell of cigarette sticks on their body, it will remain until they
take a shower and sometimes it will still remain. This situation makes them suffer more and
more. The argument type is analogy.
As I said in the begging the cigarette could cause a fire. This fire will affect the environment
and especially the green places. The studies shows that the percent of fire increase in places that
are allow smoking in. The fire will case many injuries and deaths. Also, there will be many
people who will lose their money because the cigarette.
Non-smokers have freedom to reject secondhand smoke. No one has the ability to force
someone accept something he/she ignore it. The smoker has the ability to hurt himself, but he
don`t have the ability to hurt anyone else. Every time assume yourself in people place, and think
is this fair or unfair situation for them. The argument type is authority.
Comparison between the Two Essays:
Smoking in public places will affect the non-smokers that what both essays agree with. The
writer uses argument by analogy in both essays to support his/her reasons. He/she supports
his/her reasons by giving examples which are alike in many ways. This considered being an
effective way when you convince people by giving them more clear examples. The clearest
example is when he/she said the cigarette smoke will not remain in one place. As the color when
it drops in water, it will spread out. This example shows smokers that designing a smoke area is
not enough solution to deal with cigarette. And of course banning smoking will be bad for
business, but some things have to be banned as they are unhealthy to the general population.
Contrast between the Two Essays:
As it said, there is nothing in the world that all people agree with. Smokers believe that
banning smoking in public places such as subways, planes, etc., is that smoking sill affect non-
smoker’s health unfair for them especially, when a lot of places follow the places policy of
smoking. On the other hand, non-smokers think that allow smoking in public places unfair for
them. The writer mostly uses argument by authority in the second essay to show the smokers
what happen when they smoke in public places. The facts that he/she used it are more than
enough to ban smoking in public areas. This way is the most effective way to convince the
smokers about banning smoking in public spaces.
Conclusion:
Finally, smoking is a very dangerous issue that many people suffer from it these days. Both
essays agree that smoking affect the non-smokers more than smokers themselves. In my opinion,
the second essay is stronger than the first one. It shows studies that indicate the number of people
and children who got diseases and deaths because of the cigarettes smoke. Also, it explains how
the cigarette smoke spreads even if there is especial area for smoking. Furthermore, it talks about
the fires that generate from the cigarettes. As it show, the disadvantages of smoke is more than
enough to avoid it. The good person is the person who thinks about other people and their world
before they thinks about themselves. You have to think carefully before doing anything. Look at
the advantages and disadvantages for everything then decided.
References:

http://www.topics-mag.com/edition7/smoking-no.htm

http://www.naturalnews.com/smoking.html