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The Power of Now
© Cengage Learning 2015
Health and Wellness
Some characteristics of health
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Positive, optimistic outlook
Sense of control, able to relax
Energy and vitality
Supportive social network
Personally satisfying job or endeavor
How do you define being of sound of body,
mind and spirit?
© Cengage Learning 2015
Health and Wellness (cont’d.)
Wellness is purposeful, enjoyable living
Decision to move to optimal health
Way of life to reach potential
What it
looks like
Developing awareness that health
and happiness are possible now
Integration of mind, body, spirit
Belief that actions influence
personal health and health of world
© Cengage Learning 2015
The Dimensions of Health
Psychological
Physical
Environmental
DIMENSIONS
OF HEALTH
Social
Spiritual
Intellectual
© Cengage Learning 2015
The Dimensions of Health (cont’d.)
Physical
• Increased likelihood of disease, disability and premature death
Psychological
• Depression and Anxiety
• Shame and Guilt
Spiritual
• Lose sense of self and connection with a higher power
Social
• Withdrawal from others
Intellectual
• Logic and reasoning break down
• Impulses difficult to control
Environmental
• Behavior can lead to injury and damage
© Cengage Learning 2015
Health in America
• Areas where the United States lags behind other
developed nations
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Birth outcomes
Injuries and homicides
Teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections
HIV and AIDS
Drug-related mortality
Obesity and diabetes
Heart disease
Chronic lung disease
Disability
© Cengage Learning 2015
Why We Lag Behind
Fitness
Weight
Overall
health
Medical
conditions
Health
care
Mortality
© Cengage Learning 2015
Healthy People 2020
Six of the 2020 Health Goals for Americans
1. Prevent weight gain
2. Increase recent smoking cessation
3. Increase condom use and abstention in youth
4. Reduce misuse of prescription drugs
5. Increase cardiovascular health
6. Reduce sport and recreation injuries
© Cengage Learning 2015
Health Disparities
Primary reason for minority health
Income disparities is poverty
Level
Race
Poor receive worse care
Dramatic differences in disease, death
rates and injury between races
May have greater impact than any other
variable
Sex/
Gender Biological, social, behavioral factors and
health habits differ between sexes
© Cengage Learning 2015
Why Sex and Gender Matter
© Cengage Learning 2015
Health on Campus
Unique characteristics of current undergraduates
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Grown up in a digital world
Most diverse in higher-education history
More connected and more isolated
Dealing with worst economy in recent history
More coddled and protected by parents
Born into a nation that’s changing rapidly
Facing a future full of change that increases in
pace and scale
© Cengage Learning 2015
Young Americans at Risk
Serious health threats peak in young adulthood
• Substance abuse
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Homicide
• Motor vehicle crashes
Other health risks also increase
Eating fast food
Not exercising
Being obese
Smoking
Not visiting doctor
Binge drinking
© Cengage Learning 2015
Young Americans at Risk (cont’d.)
By graduation, 1 in 4 students
has at least one major risk factor
for Diabetes, Metabolic
Syndrome or Heart Disease
© Cengage Learning 2015
Health Prevention and Protection
Information to help healthy people
identify risks, reduce stressors,
Prevention
prevent potential medical
problems and enhance well-being
Making risky behavior safer to
Protection
prevent injury or unwanted risks
© Cengage Learning 2015
Making Healthy Changes
Four life-extending behaviors
1. Not smoking
2. Eating lots of fruits and vegetables
3. Exercising regularly
4. Drinking alcohol in moderation
© Cengage Learning 2015
Understanding Health Behaviors
© Cengage Learning 2015
Health Belief Model
People make health-related changes if they:
• Feel they can avoid a negative
consequence
• Expect a positive outcome
• Believe that they can successfully take
action
© Cengage Learning 2015
Self-Determination Model
Amotivated
Does not value a behavior
and/or does not believe it will
lead to a desirable outcome
Externally
motivated
Engage in behavior to gain
positive outcome or avoid
negative outcome
Intrinsically
motivated
Engage in behavior because it
is fun; most likely to succeed
at behavior
© Cengage Learning 2015
The Transtheoretical Model
Stages of
Change
Six stages which are not linear
in sequence – often repeat
and cycle through
Processes of Cognitive and behavioral
Change
activities that facilitate change
Self-Efficacy
© Cengage Learning 2015
Confidence and ability to cope
with change
The Transtheoretical Model (cont’d.)
© Cengage Learning 2015
Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control
Your belief that you can change influences the
likelihood of your success
Strong
Belief
Apply more energy to change
More likely to persist to change
Resigned to stress and feeling
Low self- helpless
belief
More likely to give up
© Cengage Learning 2015
Chapter Summary
Define:
• Health and wellness
Identify:
• Six dimensions of health
Describe:
• Causes of disparities in health in the United States
Outline:
• National Health Objectives for 2020
Describe:
• Stages of change in Transtheoretical Model
Apply:
• Models of change to a behavior that you want to change
© Cengage Learning 2015