Identifying Classes and Objects
Classical and Modern Approaches
TSRK Prasad
Department of CSE
BITS, Pilani - KK Birla Goa Campus
Object Oriented Programming
Identifying Classes and Objects
Lecture Outline
1
Classical Categorization
2
Conceptual Clustering
3
Prototype Theory
2 / 14
Identifying Classes and Objects
Lecture Outline
1
Classical Categorization
2
Conceptual Clustering
3
Prototype Theory
3 / 14
Identifying Classes and Objects
Defining Quotation
We can name a thing according to the knowledge we
have of its nature from its properties and effects.
–Aquinas
Classical Categorization
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Defining Quotation
We can name a thing according to the knowledge we
have of its nature from its properties and effects.
–Aquinas
Most useful categories are orthogonal.
Classical Categorization
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Defining Quotation
We can name a thing according to the knowledge we
have of its nature from its properties and effects.
–Aquinas
Most useful categories are orthogonal.
Definition of useful categories (properties and effects) are
subjective.
Classical Categorization
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Lecture Outline
1
Classical Categorization
2
Conceptual Clustering
3
Prototype Theory
6 / 14
Identifying Classes and Objects
Conceptual Clustering
Approach
Related to multivalue (fuzzy) set approach
Conceptual Clustering
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Conceptual Clustering
Approach
Related to multivalue (fuzzy) set approach
Define conceptual descriptions
Conceptual Clustering
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Conceptual Clustering
Approach
Related to multivalue (fuzzy) set approach
Define conceptual descriptions
Assign classes (clusters of entities) to one or more
conceptual descriptions
Conceptual Clustering
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Example
Classify the following representations of a train.
Conceptual Clustering
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Lecture Outline
1
Classical Categorization
2
Conceptual Clustering
3
Prototype Theory
Prototype Theory
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Prototype Theory
Example: What are the common properties of all chairs /
games?
Prototype Theory
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Prototype Theory
Example: What are the common properties of all chairs /
games?
Ans: Almost none except that people sit (chairs) or play
(games).
Prototype Theory
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Prototype Theory
Example: What are the common properties of all chairs /
games?
Ans: Almost none except that people sit (chairs) or play
(games).
Class of objects represented by prototypical object
Prototype Theory
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Identifying Classes and Objects
A Biological Example
Prototype Theory
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Identifying Classes and Objects
A Social Example
Prototype Theory
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Identifying Classes and Objects
A Social Example
emerald green, pea green, greeny green resemble prototypical
object green.
Prototype Theory
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Identifying Classes and Objects
Reading Material
Sec 4.2: Identifying Classes and Objects, Object-Oriented
Analysis and Design with Applications, Grady Booch, Robert A.
Maksimchuk, Michael W. Engle, Bobbi J. Young, and Jim
Conallen, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2007.
Prototype Theory
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