THE
COLONIES
NORTHERN, MIDDLE, AND SOUTHERN
COLONIES
COLONIES & CHARTERS
• Colony: a group of people in
one place who are ruled by a
parent country elsewhere
• Charter: a written document
granting land and the authority
to set up a government
THINKING
ACTIVITY
Draw a bubble chart;
put “American
Dream” in the center.
• What are some
ideals that fit your
idea of the
“dream”?
• What might be the
colonists’ dream?
PIN THE TAIL ON THE
COLONY
You have found a new colony-congratulations! Now you
have some decisions to make:
1. Economy-How will you make $$?
2. Government-How will it be structured?
3. Social/Cultural-What is daily life like? Are there social
classes; what determines them? Religion? Dress? Jobs?
4. Does this colony align with your group’s idea of the
“American Dream?”
5. ANALYZE: for each colony presented-how long will they
last, and why?
“THE BIG QUESTIONS”
Discuss the following questions with
your classmates:
1. Why might diverse groups of people have to
agree upon shared values and principles in
order to form and maintain a working
political and economic system?
2. How would the social, cultural, and political
ideologies of the colonists contribute to the
foundation for the American political and
economic system?
WHY LEAVE?
COLONISTS REVIEW
• Political: civil war, tyranny, and political unrest
English Civil War (1642-1645)
• Beheading of Charles I, 1649
• Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)
• Economic: overpopulation
• Feudalism ; illegal enclosure by Stuarts/Lords
• Poor from fighting Spanish
REVIEW CONTINUED
• Religious Persecution
• Henry XIII established
the Church of England
• Daughter Elizabeth I
est. Anglican Church
as the religion of
England
• Great Puritan
Migration: 1625-1628
GEOGRAPHIC IMPACT
• Activity: COLONIES MAP
• Think: How did the topography/geography of
the different regions of the 13 colonies and
the reasons the colonists immigrated
influence the economic development of the
different regions?
• Answer with a partner (5 bullet points)
LIST OF COLONIES
New England
Colonies
New
Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle
Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Southern
Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
NEW ENGLAND
COLONIES
• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Connecticut
• Rhode Island
(Never Make Cats Run)
NEW ENGLAND CULTURE
• A diversified economy developed in the North with a focus
on trade, shipbuilding, furs, fishing, and iron production.
• Industries led to a growth of cities and the problems
associated with cities:
• Sanitation
• Overcrowding
• Merchants and Business Owners were the most powerful
members of society.
• The Puritans in the New England Colonies were less
tolerant of other religious groups.
• Rocky Soil and cold weather prevented heavy farming in
New England. Instead, settlers only had small
subsistence farms.
NEW ENGLAND
Massachusetts
• Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620 as a joint-stock company; Puritans
founded Boston in 1630 for religious freedom
• Leaders: John Winthrop
• Massachusetts was a theocracy—religious beliefs served as law and
religious leaders had the most authority; Mayflower Compact created by
the Pilgrims as the first signed agreement holding democratic principles
• Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering,
shipbuilding)
Rhode Island
• Founded 1636 by Roger Williams as a haven for the Baptists
•
Advocated for fair treatment of the Native Americans and some religious
tolerance after he and Anne Hutchinson were exiled
• Agriculture, fishing, manufacturing (lumbering) and distilleries
NEW ENGLAND
Connecticut
• Founded 1636 by Thomas Hooker after he left
Massachusetts in search of more freedom from Puritans
• Formed the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut-the first
Constitution in the western world
• Agriculture (wheat, corn, fishing)
New Hampshire
• Broke away from Massachusetts in 1638 by John Mason;
further est. by John Wheelwright
• Problems with Massachusetts
• Agriculture (potatoes, fishing), Manufacturing (textiles,
shipbuilding)
MIDDLE COLONIES
• New York
• Pennsylvania
• New Jersey
• Delaware
(New Pennies New
Dimes)
MIDDLE COLONIES CULTURE
•
The Middle Colonies had the
most fertile soil in 13
colonies.
•
They were referred to as the
Bread Basket Colonies
because many different types
of grain were produced in the
area.
•
Immigration in 1700’s led to a
diverse population.
•
Haven for religious
minorities:
•
•
•
Quakers
Methodists
Moravians
MIDDLE COLONIES
New York
• Founded 1626 by Peter Minuit, named for King
Charles II’s brothers, the Duke of York & Albany
• Religious toleration, trade and profits for king
• Agriculture, trade and export, metal working
Pennsylvania
• Founded 1682 by William Penn, a Quaker seeking
religious freedom
• Non-Quakers (Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and
others) were allowed to practice their religion freely
• Agriculture, trade, iron work
MIDDLE COLONIES
New Jersey
• Founded 1664 by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret,
proprietors of England
• Religious toleration
• Traded agricultural products and natural resources
including cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat
Delaware
• Founded 1638 by Peter Minuit and the New Sweden Co.
• Used area for access to the Atlantic Ocean
• Trade and manufacturing; profits=goal
SOUTHERN COLONIES
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
(My Vehicle Needs
Some Gas)
SOUTHERN COLONIES CULTURE
• Fertile soils allowed the southern colonies
economies to focus on the plantation model
• Produced Cash Crops—plants grown for
profit, not subsistence (cotton, tobacco,
etc.)
• Wealthy Planters and Landowners dominated
economic, social and political life
• Plantations demanded more workers than
immigration and indentured servants provided
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Virginia
• Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Co (joint-stock); suffered
bankruptcy and turned into a crown/royal colony
• Leaders: John Smith, John Rolfe
• First permanent European settlement in present-day America;
tobacco saved the colony from demise
• Agriculture (cash crop: tobacco, wheat, corn)
Maryland
• Founded in 1633 by Lord Baltimore as a haven for Catholics and
named after Queen Mary
• The assembly of the Maryland colony created the Maryland
Toleration Act, protecting the rights of religions in Maryland,
(England was not in support of this decision)
• Agriculture, trade, iron working
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Georgia
• Founded 1732 by James Oglethorpe as a debtor state and a buffer
between the British and Spanish/French settlements
• Oglethorpe wanted to reform the prison system by offering prisoners
(usually Protestant) opportunities for redemption
• Agriculture (cash crops)
North & South Carolina
• Founded as one unit in 1653 by VA colonists, then in 1663 was
granted a Charter by King Charles to the 8 Lord’s Proprietors
• Separate into separate states in 1729 due to disagreements in gov’t;
sold back to the British crown to become a royal colony
• Agriculture (cash crops)
WORKFORCE
Originally, Southern Colonies used Indentured
Servants to work on plantations and farms.
• agreed to work for planters in the colonies in
exchange for passage to America
• serve for a predetermined number of years (usually
7 years) and then gain freedom at the end of that
time.
• African Slaves became the primary source of
plantation labor; served lifelong terms and did not
choose to come to the colonies.
THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
• African Slave traders from the
West Coast of Africa captured
other Africans from the interior
of Africa
• Only ½ of Slaves survived the
forced migration
• African Slave Traders gave
Slaves to the Europeans in
exchange for weapons and
other goods.
It is estimated that 20-30% of slaves died en route to the
Americas on the Middle Passage
TRIANGULAR TRADE
SOCIETY IN
COLONIAL AMERICA
1. Who was the Upper Class of society? Describe
their life.
2. Who was the Middle Class of society? Describe
their life.
3. Who was the Lower Class of society? Describe
their life.
4. How easy do you think it was to move from one
society to another? Explain.
5. Using information discussed earlier in class,
how do these sources compare with our
“American Dream” ideals?
WHO HAS CONTROL? MERCANTILISM AND
NAVIGATION ACTS
• BIG QUESTION: The colonies begin to
prosper…Who gets the wealth? Who deserves
to rule?
• Mercantilism: an economic system in which nations
seek to increase their wealth and power by obtaining
large amounts of gold and silver by est. a favorable
balance of trade
• Colonies’ purpose: satisfy the mother country
• England compared to other European countries:
more lax in policies…until colonies grow richer
MERCANTILISM: HOW DO YOU ENFORCE IT?
NAVIGATION ACTS
• 1651: England’s Parliament passed a series of laws known
as the Navigation Acts
• Purpose: restrict the colonies shipping and trade for
England’s economic benefit
• Ships, destinations, crews, goods: all strictly regulated
by the English
• If you trade w/ other nations, had to be shipped to
England first to handle taxation
• Encouraged to focus on raw materials
• LIST: England/Colonists: Positives? Negatives?
• Problem? The colonies were developing a spirit of selfdetermination
• Not yet a problem; Acts not strictly enforced
COLONIES COMPARED
TO ENGLAND
Were the colonies better off or worse off?
• Economic lifestyle (+/-)
• Native Americans (+/-)
• Higher standard of living (+/-)
• Religious and political freedoms (+/-)
• More economic opportunity “American Dream” (+/-)
• Same rights as the British (+/-)
• 3000 miles away from the King (+/-)
‘ELLO GOV’NAH!
Choose your colony
1. Host a convention of your peers where you will
extol the virtues of life, commerce, and natural
resources that make your colony a great place to
live (accurate info)
2. BE CONVINCING! Entertain us with your writing
skills.
3. Write a keynote address to be delivered at the
governor’s convention (classroom audience)
AMERICA THE
BEAUTIFUL
Review: What is the American Dream?
(yes, there is a true definition)
Explain in your own words (think political,
economic, social, religious, etc)
American Dream: the national ethos (ethics)
of the United States that includes 5 specific
ideals (Democracy, Rights, Liberty,
Opportunity, and Equality)
How did we come to this decision?
ENLIGHTENED MATCHING/DEFINE
Republicanism/ Civic Virtue
Hobbes
“Majority isn’t the best”
Montesquieu
Natural Laws, Inalienable Rights
Plato
Separation of Government
Voltaire
Social Contract Theory
Aristotle
Concern “For the Common Good”
Machiavelli
Give up Rights for the Collective
Locke
Free Speech/Criticism
Rousseau
ENLIGHTENED ANSWERS
Republicanism/ Civic Virtue
Machiavelli
“Majority isn’t always the best”
Rousseau
Natural Laws, Inalienable Rights
Locke
Separation of Government
Montesquieu
Social Contract Theory
Hobbes
Concern “For the Common Good”
Aristotle
Give up Rights for the Collective
Plato
Free Speech/Criticism
Voltaire
ENLIGHTENED INFLUENCES
1. Plato: believed that government should create good for all collectively
and that all individuals needed to give up things for the collective good
of all citizens
2. Aristotle: Ideal governments should be concerned with the common
good or common interest
3. Machiavelli: believed in "republicanism" and "civic virtue" where
citizens act for the common good and they would put their selfish
desires aside
4. Hobbes: believed man was naturally selfish and brutish, therefore
requiring government; in this case an ABSOLUTE government;
believed in social contract theory.
CON’T
5. Locke: Believed that all men are created equal and that people should
have the freedom to act. Believed in the social contract theory, natural
laws/rights, and people can overthrow their government.
6. Montesquieu: believed in separation of power and that there should be
3 branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial (checks and
balances).
7. Voltaire: supported the notion of free speech and criticizing powerful
institutions (Catholic Church); also supported ending the slave trade
8. Rousseau: Agreed with Locke but didn't think that the majority would
always act for the common good. Believed that the role of the government
was to ensure that the common good was protected.
ENLIGHTENMENT IN AMERICA
1. Define Enlightenment in 3-5 words.
2. Explain the political/social impact that the
Enlightenment had on Europe and the New World.
3. Who was Roger Williams? How did he help shape
a new vision for the New World?
4. What ideals influenced the beginnings of
America? Are they still present today?
5. What is an Enlightened Despot? Give examples.
6. What is the greatest irony of the Enlightenment?
Explain.
7. Why is the Enlightenment important to America’s
history?
COLONIAL SET UP
1. Royal Colonies: Monarch selects the governor and
appoints the members of the governor’s council (upper
house). Qualified voters elect the colonial assembly
(lower house). 8 colonies-who? GA, SC, NC, VA, NJ, NY,
MA, NH
2. Proprietary Colonies: Proprietor selects the governor and
eligible voters elect the colonial assembly. 3 colonieswho? Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania
3. Self-Governing Colonies: Colonists directly or indirectly
elect governor and both members of legislature. 2
colonies-who? Connecticut, Rhode Island
ACTIVITY
Draw this table in your
notebook
Fill in the date for each
event.
In blue book: read p. 2324 for information. Add
the following to your list:
Mayflower Compact,
Town Meetings, and
Fund. Orders of Conn.
Cut the seven icons from
your handout, and tape
each icon into your table
for the event it best
represents. Then
describe their effect on
American Rights/Gov’t.
CONTINUED
Mayflower Compact, 1620: pledge to further the general good
of the colony, enact equal laws, and set an example of direct
democracy, rule by the majority, and fair treatment under the
law
Town Meetings: centered around the church; only free,
property owning men participated; example of direct
democracy and training for self-government
Fundamental Orders of CT, 1639: Thomas Hooker, first
official, successful written constitution in the New World;
rested upon the consent of the governed (with property)
QUESTIONS TO
CONSIDER
1.
What type of economic system existed
in colonial America?
2.
Who profited? Is this fair? Explain.
3.
How does the Enlightenment and the
“American Dream” affect this system?
4.
Preview: What is revolution?
WRAPPING IT UP
Review Sheet posted on website!
Things to know: TEST ON FRIDAY
1. Pre-Columbian Americas; fact v. myth
2. Factors that influenced Europeans Exploration and
Colonization
3. Geography/Topography: effect on settlement and
creation of different regions in the colonies
4. Migration: Reasons, Trends, Problems, Society
5. Tensions in the Colonies: Economics and Enlightenment
6. Decisions that impacted early America