Welcome to
Virtual Reality Technology
Introduction
What is Virtual Reality?
“A high-end user interface that involves real-time
simulation and interaction through multiple
sensorial channels.” (vision, sound, touch, smell,
taste)
Introduction
Introduction
Sensorama Simulator, US Patent #3,050,870, 1962
1963+
Ivan Sutherland's doctoral theses:
SKETCHPAD: stereo HMD, position tracking,
and a graphics engine. 1966+
Tom Furness: display systems for pilots;
1967+
Brooks developed force feedback GROPE
system;
1977
Sandin and Sayre invent a bend-sensing glove
1979
Raab et al: Polhemus tracking system
1989
Jaron Lanier (VPL) coins the term virtual
reality
VR Short History
1994 VR Society formed
Introduction
Ivan Sutherland’s HMD (1966+)
Introduction
Brooks’s Grope Project (1977)
Introduction
NASA … a pioneer in VR
The first complete system was
developed by NASA “Virtual Visual
Environmental Display” (VIVED early
80s; they prototyped the LCD HMD;
Became “Virtual Interface Environment
Workstation” (VIEW) 1989
Introduction
Why NASA?
Large simulation and training needs;
Could not send humans to other harm;
Relatively small budgets.
Introduction
NASA VIEW system (1989)
Introduction
NASA VIEW system (1992)
Introduction
Towards Commercialization…
The first commercial VR systems
appeared in the late 80s produced by
VPL Co. (California):
The VPL “Data Glove” and
The VPL “Eye Phone” HMD
Introduction
The VPL DataGlove (1987)
Introduction
The Matel PowerGlove (1989)
The first commercial VR glove for entertainment – Mattel
Power Glove $50 (1989)
Early HMDs were massive
The Flight Helmet (ca. 1990) weighs 5 lbs
…and had poor resolution
Introduction
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
Emergence of first commercial Toolkits:
WorldToolKit (Sense8 Co., now Engineering
Animation Inc.);
VCToolkit (Division Ltd., UK);
Virtual Reality Toolkit VRT3 (Dimension
Ltd./Superscape, UK);
Cyberspace Developer Kit (Autodesk)
Introduction
Superscape VRT3 Development System
Introduction
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
Emergence of first non-commercial toolkit:
Rend386;
Later Virtual Reality Modeling Language
(VRML 1.0);
Later still Java and Java 3D;
Introduction
Scene created with Rend386
Introduction
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
PC boards still very slow (7,000 – 35,000
polygons/sec);
First turnkey VR system – Provision 100
(Division Ltd.)
Emergence of faster graphics rendering
architectures at UNC Chapel Hill:
Pixel Planes;
Later Pixel Flow;
Introduction
35,000 polygons/sec;
$26,000 (with two coprocessors)/card
Require up to 6 PC slots for
stereo version
Stride PC graphics accelerator
Introduction
35,000
polygons/sec;
$64,000 (including
texture generator,
tracker, 3-D audio,
HMD and
software)
Provision 100 VR turnkey system
(Division Ltd., UK)
Introduction
Provision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK)
Introduction
~ 1 Million triangles/sec;
Pixel Planes 5 VR system (UNC)
Applications
Medicine
Teleconferencing
Architecture
MR
(VR /
AR)
Game
Military
Industry
Applications:
Medicine
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Virtual operating room for simulation and training
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Applications:
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Height phobia treatment
Medicine
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Applications :
Architecture
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Building design and simulation using heterogeneous
VR environments
Applications :
Immersive 3D Game
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Alice in Virtual World
Virtual Table
Projection Wall
Master
PC
PC
With a 3D mouse
TCP
PC
TCP
CAVE
PC
Cluster
With a 3D mouse
CAVE - Like System
Playing with a Wand
Interactive User Mirroring based on Stereo Video:
Results: Images
< mirrored local user >
< collaboration of two users >
< remote user >
< collaboration of three users >
Intelligent Augmented Reality
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Test-bed for AR technique applied for industrial fields
– Training for engineers for airplane maintenance.
– Huge piles of documentation which link to each other
: text, images, video
 Integrate all information into the real scene
< Paper manual in the workspace > < Pitch Trimmer>
VRML 실습
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1.1 VRML
(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)
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1.2 VRML의 특징
1.1 VRML
(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)
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VRML은 Virtual Reality Modeling Language의 약자로
인터넷 환경에서 상호 작용하는 3차원 환경을 개발하기
위해 제안된 스크립트 언어
VRML 시초
-1994년 5월 스위스 제네바에서 열린 WWW conference에서 Tim
Berners-Lee와 Dave Raggett가 제안
- Silicon Graphics 사의 Open Inventor 파일 형식을 기반으로 VRML
V1.0 규약 제정
- V1.0의 기능에 다양한 기능을 추가하여 1996년 VRML V2.0 제정
- 1997년에 VRML 2.0은 VRML97로 수정하면서 국제 표준으로
인정받았다.
- 현재 web3d 표준안으로 X3d(eXtensible 3 Dimension)란 명칭으로
가상현실을 모델링
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VRML 1.0
- 실리콘 그래픽스(SGI)의 오픈 인벤터(Open Inventor)의 파일 포맷을
기초로 하여 VRML 1.0 규정이 제정되었지만 사운드, 애니메이션 등이
결여되었고 가장 중요한 요소인 상호작용이 지원되지 않음
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VRML 2.0
- VRML 2.0에 대표적으로 추가된 기능은 상호작용(interactive), 키프레임
애니메이션, 3차원 사운드, 다양한 배경, 3차원 물체를 제어할 수 있는 여러
스크립트가 제공
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VRML 97
- VRML 2.0을 국제 그래픽 표준으로 인정받기 위하여 V2.0의
스펙(Specification)과 관련한 문서와 기능의 수정을 통해 그래픽
언어의 표준으로 VRML97이 제안됨
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X3D
-X3D는 “Extensible 3D"의 약자로 인터넷 가상현실 구현 표준
언어인 VRML97을 대체하는 표준안의 명칭
1.2 VRML의 특징
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상호작용과 탐색 기능(Interaction and Navigation)
- 3D 객체에 사용자의 이벤트를 발생 시킴으로서 더욱 현실감 있는
가상공간 체험
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인터넷상의 3D 그래픽 국제 표준
- 표준 스펙 공개
- ASCII 형태의 파일로 메모장에서 쉽게 구현
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다양한 스크립트 지원
-HTML 문서와 연결 가능할 뿐만 아니라, JAVA나 JavaScript와 결합
가능하여 다양한 기술을 효과적으로 표현
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다른 응용프로그램과 호환성