Mobile Money Agent Networks
Examining the NGO Sector’s Role
What is an Agent?
Bank
Agent
Client
MNO
A person or business that is contracted to facilitate transactions for users. The most important of
these are cash-in and cash-out (deposits/withdrawals). Agents bridge the gap between
traditional brick and mortar bank branches and potential down market clients.
Source: Sarah Rotman, “Branchless Banking 101” March 2012
Roles of an Agent
1) Promoting the product
2) Educating and Registering Costumers
3) Facilitating Transactions
Mobile Money Agent Hierarchy
(illustrative)
“Super Agents”
“Agents”
“Sub Agents”
Financial Institutions
(e.g. MFIs)
Large Merchants /
Specialized Companies
Local Retailers /
Small Vendors
Who can be an Agent?
National Post Office (Super Agent)
Your local bookstore (sub-agent)
Aggregator networks (Agent)
Your local convenience store (sub agent)
Agent Business Case
Being an agent can help small merchants generate more
revenue for their local business
Source: CGAP: “Agent Management Toolkit” 2011
Agent Network Development:
The Mercy Corps Haiti Experience
Table of Contents
• Background & Context
 Funding
 Financial Inclusion
 Unique Operating Environment
• Haiti Case Study
 Strategy
 Approach
 Execution
 Lessons Learned
 Potential Roles for NGOs
Background & Context
• Funding – Sizable flows of donor funds
in response to the earthquake; flexible
funding for innovation
• Financial Inclusion – Core mission
objective for Mercy Corps: enhancing
market-driven financial inclusion among
underserved communities
Background & Context
• Unique Operating Environment –
Logistical/implementation challenges on
the ground created an opportunity to
explore alternative delivery channels
Distinct context for mobile money
integration : massive earthquake, no prior
country office presence, staff “churn”, etc.
Haiti Case Study
• Strategy – a) Focus activities in regions
that received large influxes of IDPs
post-earthquake; b) Provide financial
assistance via alternative delivery
mechanisms c) flexible funding and a
TA grant from USAID allowed us more
room to experiment
Haiti Case Study
Mercy Corps ERP
Operations
Haiti Case Study
• Approach
Which partners?
 Trilogy/Voila
 Proactive relationship development
Which programs?
 Cash-for-work
 Unconditional cash transfers
 Food security (Kenbe-La)
Which participants?
 Selecting beneficiaries and merchants
 Aligning program objectives with funding parameters
Haiti Case Study
• Kenbe-La Program Overview
– Recurring conditional cash transfer program to
alleviate food security concerns among
vulnerable HHs
– 9 month program that targeted 5 districts in St.
Marc and 2 surrounding towns,
– Engaged ~7,000 beneficiaries and ~100
merchants; monthly disbursements = 1,618
HTG (~40 USD)
– Program parameters allowed for incubation of
merchants from acceptance points to agents
Haiti Case Study
Bocozelle
Blockhaus
Centre Ville
Mac Donald
Haiti Case Study
• Execution
Mobilization & Sensitization
• Airtime purchase/transfer as “the bridge” to mobile-$
Mobile Money Training
• Pictograms and simulation
Disbursements
• Who hits send, to whom, when, and for how much?
Mobile Money Agent Training
• Interactive exercises, explaining “buckets of money”
Haiti Case Study
1. Cash-out
m-$
Sub Agent
m-$
Sub Agent
2. Change in Liquidity
• e-wallet balance
increases
m-$ User
m-$
1
2
• Cash on-hand
decreases
3. Sub-Agent Rebalances
m-$
Sub Agent
m-$
Agent
4. Additional Cash-outs
m-$
Sub Agent
m-$
m-$
1
2
2
m-$ User
1
Blockhaus Vendor Profile:
Lundy Myslande
Sex / Age:
• Female / NA
Name of Business / Launch Date:
• Rosie Boutique / 2009 (3 yrs)
Source of Start-up Capital & Plans for Business:
• Source: Personal savings then small loan to grow her inventory
• Plans: Increase her inventory; diversify products to include “brand
name” items; purchase refrigerator to sell meats (poultry, beef)
Average cash sales pre-Kenbe La program (monthly):
• ~$1,925 USD (~77,000 HTG)
Average T-Cash sales from Kenbe La clients (monthly):
• ~$2,900 USD (~116,050 HTG)
Average number of Kenbe La clients (monthly):
• 70
Centre Ville Vendor Profile:
Alexis Moise
Sex / Age:
• Male / 50
Name of Business / Launch Date:
• Betabara Store / 2004 (8 yrs)
Source of Start-up Capital & Plans for Business:
• Source: Personal savings
• Plans: Increase the size of the store and offer an even wider selection of
products
Average cash sales pre-Kenbe La program (monthly):
• ~$6,750 USD (~270,000 HTG)
Average T-Cash sales from Kenbe La clients (monthly):
• ~$18,420 USD (~737,035 HTG)
Average number of Kenbe La clients (monthly):
• 302
Average Monthly T-Cash Sales in HTG
(Dec ‘11 – Sep ’12)
300,000
248,056
250,000
200,000
188,164
199,026
Avg = 190,621 (~$4,766 USD)
150,000
127,240
100,000
50,000
-
Bocozelle
Blockhaus
Centre Ville
Mac Donald
Perceived Disruption of Cash Sales
due to T-Cash
Yes
No
100%
100%
91%
83%
17%
82%
18%
9%
0%
Bocozelle
0%
Blockhaus
Centre Ville
Mac Donald
Overall
Time to Conduct T-Cash Transactions
(Start vs. End of Program)
Sense of Preparedness to be a Mobile
Money Agent Post Program
Haiti Case Study
• Lessons Learned
– Agent Mobilization & Training
– Integrating Mobile Money
– External Partnership Management
Haiti Case Study
• Potential NGO Role(s)
– Financier
– Acquirer
– Trainer
– Service Promoter