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The Electric Power System
- Great Britain-
GB Power System
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Basic facts
 Area: 229,500km2
 Population:64.6Million (source: Office for National Statistics)
 Number of electricity consumers: 26Million
 Number of TSOs:3 onshore, 7 offshore
 Number of DNOs: 9
 Peak load: 56GW
Transmission reliability 99.9999%
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Global map of the grid
and of its interconnections
 Interconnectors with:




Northern Ireland
Ireland
France
Netherlands
Moyle 500MW
East-West 500MW
Britned 1,000MW
IFA 2,000MW
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Grid facts and characteristics
The electricty grid in Great Britian in split with;
3 onshore transmission owners;
7 offshore transmisison owners;
1 system operator;
1 regulator;
9 distribution network operators;
218 generator companies with transmisison agreements
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Structure of the GB electrical power system
Transmission
TO (England and Wales)
TO (Scotland)
Non-Embedded
Customers
400 kV
275 kV
132 kV
Offshore
Transmssion
Distribution
Industry
33/11 kV
415 V
Distributed
Generation
Households
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Map of the high
voltage grid
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Information on TSO(s)
SHE
Transmsion
SP
Transmission
National
Grid
Network length [km] (400 kV)
49
942
11,131
Network length [km] (275 kV)
1,804
1,269
3,269
Network length [km] (132 kV)
3,009
1,729
0
Served area [km²]
78,400
Annual transmission [TWh]
Share load [%]
151,100
339
2.3
6.5
91.2
http://www.sse.com
http://www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/
http://www.nationalgrid.com
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Co-operation of TSO and DNOs
Distribution Network Operators
(DNOs) own and operate the
distribution network of towers and
cables that bring electricity from our
national transmission network to homes
and businesses. They don’t sell
electricity to consumers. This is done by
the electricity suppliers.
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Responsibilities of TSO & DSOs
System Operator
Transmisison security
Frequency control
Transmission network access planning
Transmission Owners
Transmission network access facilitation
Transmission voltage control
Transmission maintenance and construction activities
Distribution Network Operators
Distribution security and voltage control
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Power structure
of the country
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Installed capacity with
reference to primary resources
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Energy production with
reference to primary resources
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Development of
generation capacity since 2011
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Consumption per customer group
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Development of wind power
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Development of
photovoltaic power
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RES installed capacity since 2010
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RES production since 2010
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Price development for
industry consumers
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Price development for
households
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Electricity market
organisation: Participants
Generation & Supply:
Transmission & Distribution:
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Electricity market
organisation: Market Structure
Generation
Markets
 Through forward markets
generators Contract with
suppliers to produce the
right amount of energy.
 Forwards and Futures
Markets [>24h ahead]
 On the day Generators
decide which of their
generating units run to
meet their contractual
obligations
 All contracts are ‘pay as
bid’ and are firm.
 Power exchanges [<24h]
fine tune positions.
Suppliers
• Supply companies
forecast their electricity
requirements per half
hour.
• Arrange contracts with
generators per half-hour
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Electricity market
organisation: Parallel Streams
System
Operation
Generation
on to Grid
Demand from
the Grid
Sells Energy
Buys Energy
Market
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Power balance since 2010
Generation
Total demand
Imports
Exports
Losses
2010
381.8
384.9
7.1
-4.5
27.0
2011
367.4
374.3
8.7
-2.5
28.1
2012
363.6
376.0
13.7
-1.9
28.9
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2013
359.2
374.6
17.5
-3.1
27.7
2014
338.9
360.0
23.2
-2.7
28.6
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Electricity Market: Timescales
Suppliers contract
directly with
generators to source
the electricity they
need
~ 90+%
£30bn
Rolling half
hour trades
(fine tuning) ~
5%
Power
Exchanges
T- 24 hrs
Forward Markets
Generation &
demand
balanced by
National Grid
as SO
~ 3%
Post event
settlement
(Elexon)
£1bn
Balancing
Mechanism
Imbalance
Settlement
Reserve
Trades
T - Year Ahead
(or earlier)
T – 1hr
T+ 14 months
Response
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The Balancing Mechanism
Settlement
CONTRACT VOLUMES
Balancing
mechanism
Bilateral
trading
activities
BM
actions
FPNs
BM data
Op Data
Bids/Offers
~1,500,000
items /day
Bid / offer
acceptances
Meter
readings
~600
Balancing
actions/day
1 hour
Gate
closure
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Real time
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Price Coupling of
Regions (PCR) in
Europe
Specific aspects of
the electricity market
WHAT is PCR?
Price Coupling of Regions
(PCR) is the initiative of
seven European Power
Exchanges to harmonise
the European electricity
markets
HOW is this done?
By developing a single
price coupling algorithm to
be used to calculate
electricity prices across
Europe
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