Emerging Non-volatile Memories:
Opportunities and Challenges
Shahar Kvatinsky
Department of Electrical Engineering
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
November
November11,
11,2015
2015
1
The Problem with NAND Flash
Flash memory
1x
Source: D. Ruggeri, MICRON
November 11, 2015
2
Going 3D
Company
2012
2014
16-19nm
21nm 19nm V-NAND
(24 layers)
2015
12nm
V-NAND
(32L)
20nm 20nm
16nm
3D NAND
3D NAND
Gen. 2
15nm
3D NAND 3D NAND
BiCS
BiCS
20nm
2013
November 11, 2015
2016
12nm
V-NAND
(48L)
3
Motivation for New Technologies
• Scalability of 3D
• Volatile technologies:
– Energy (leakage, refresh in DRAM)
– Limited density and scalability
Chip
energy
Source: E. Esteve, IPNEST
November 11, 2015
4
Emerging Nonvolatile
Memory Technologies
RRAM
PCM
STT MRAM
CBRAM
November 11, 2015
5
Resistive RAM (RRAM, ReRAM)
November 11, 2015
6
RRAM Status
• Product:
• Prototypes:
24nm 2-layer 32Gb (ISSCC 2013)
40us read, 230us write
• Research/development:
November 11, 2015
7
Conductive Bridging RAM
(CBRAM, PMC)
• Low voltage/power
November 11, 2015
8
CBRAM Status
• Products:
• Prototypes:
27nm 16Gb (ISSCC 2014)
2us read, 10us write, 1T1R, 6F2
• Research/development:
November 11, 2015
9
Phase Change Memory
(PCM, PCRAM, PRAM)
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10
PCM Status
• Products:
20nm, 8 Gb, 2012
45nm, 1 Gb, 2012-14
• Prototypes:
• Research/development:
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11
Spin-Torque Transfer
Magnetoresistance RAM (STT MRAM)
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12
STT MRAM Status
• Products:
64Mb, DDR3, 400 MHz
• Prototypes:
1Mb, 45nm
32Mb
• Research/development:
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13
Shared Properties
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
BEOL CMOS compatibility
Resistive
Nonvolatility
High endurance
Speed
Density
Low voltage
Retention
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14
Challenges
•
•
•
•
•
Selectors
Device variations
Yield
Power
Endurance
Source: Crossbar, IEDM 2014
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15
Immediate Applications
• NAND Flash replacement
• Storage Class Memory
• Embedded NVM
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16
On-Die Intensive Memory Circuits
and Architectures
Multistate Register
17
November 11, 2015
Continuous Flow
Multithreading
17
FPGA
Source: P.-E. Gaillardon, EPFL
November 11, 2015
18
Logic with Memristors
Memristor layer
CMOS
layer
Integrating memristors
Logic
within
memory
with standard logic
Beyond Moore
19
Beyond Von-Neumann
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19
Neuromorphic Computing
20
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20
Circuits
Source: T. Prodromakis, University of Southampton
November 11, 2015
21
Summary
• Need for new nonvolatile memory technology
• Challenges
• Opportunities for novel applications:
– Logic
– Programmable circuits
– Neuromorphic
– On-die memory
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22
Thanks!
[email protected]
23
November 11, 2015
23