Hydro-Energy
Hydro-Politics
Riccardo M. Galante
Prof. Scaramastra
Index
Nile Water
 Importance of Water
 Nile Basin Countries
 Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture
 Electricity production from hydroelectric sources
 Electric power consumption
Geopolitics
 Historical back ground
 Division
 Hydro-hegemony
 Conflict
 Cooperation
Word file
Importance of Water
 Your body and water
 The history of water
Symbol in Ancient Greece
 Hydro-therapy
 Our water today
 What choices have we got?
http://www.laleva.cc/environment/water.html
Index
Nile Basin Countries
The Nile is 6,853 km long. It is
an "international" river as its
water resources are shared by
eleven countries, namely,
Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda,
Burundi, Democratic Republic
of Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia,
Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan
and Egypt.
Sources of the Nile: Lake
Victoria and Lake Tana.
Index
Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture
(% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Percenage of total fresh water withdrawl
2009-2013
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
2009-2013
30%
20%
10%
0%
For Excel data
Click here
Index
Electricity production from hydroelectric sources
(% of total)
Electricity production from hydroelectric sources
(% of total)
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
2009
50.0%
2010
40.0%
2011
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
For Excel data
Click here
Index
Electric power consumption
(kWh per capita)
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
DEM.REP.CONGO
TANZANIA
RWANDA
BURUNDI
UGANDA
2009-2013
KENYA
2004-2008
1999-2003
ETHIOPIA
ERITREA
SOUTH SUDAN
SUDAN
EGYPT
20
100
180
260 340 420 500 580 660 740 820 900 980 1,060 1,140 1,220 1,300 1,380 1,460 1,540 1,620 1,700 1,780
For Excel data
Click here
Index
Hydro-Politics: Egyptian Hydro-hegemony
 Historical back ground
 Division
 Hydro-hegemony
 Conflict
 Cooperation
Back to main
Index
Historical Back Ground
 Treaties:
1. Anglo-Italian Protocol (1891)
2. Tripartite Agreement (1906)
3. Anglo-Egyptian Agreement (1929)
4. Egyptian-Sudanese Agreement(1959)
Index
Division
Index
Hydro-Hegemony
 “Upstream countries use water to get more power, while
downstreamers use power to get more water” (Warner,
2004)
 “Absence of war does not mean absence of conflict”
(Zeitoun, Warner, 2005 pag.2)
 Negative Vs Positive form of Hydro-Hegemony
 International support: largest recipient of US financial,
political and military support
 Lack of International Law
Real politique
Index
Conflict
 Egypt against Ethiopia supporting the Eritrean
Liberation Front and Isolation through Somalia
 Renaissance Dam (Ethiopia)
Stalemate
Index
Cooperation
 Steps toward more cooperation
 Game theory
 Nile Basin Initiative (1999)
Index