Session IV: Project Strategy and Goal
Module 3: Project Formulation/Preparation
Sidaroth KONG; September 2016
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Objective
Analysis of Project Strategy
Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
Examples of Project Strategy Selection
SMART goal
Exercise
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Objective
Analysis of Project Strategy
Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
Examples of Project Strategy Selection
SMART goal
Exercise
3
1. Learning Objective
Participants will know how to select project strategy and to
formulate SMART goal.
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Objective
Analysis of Project Strategy
Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
Examples of Project Strategy Selection
SMART goal
Exercise
5
2. Analysis of Project Strategy
“A strategy is a broad approach that has to be followed to
achieve a goal.”(WHO, 2011)
“Project strategy is a direction in a project that contributes to
success of the project in its environment.” (Artto, Kujala, Dietrich, & Martinsuo, 2008)
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2. Analysis of Project Strategy
• During the strategy analysis, a decision is being made on
which objectives can or will and which objectives cannot or
will not be pursued within the frame of the project.
• The starting point for strategy analysis is the objective tree –
which is transformed from the problem tree.
• The choice of one ore more strategies is made on the basis
of criteria which have to be agreed upon in the project team
and/or with the project stakeholders.
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2. Analysis of Project Strategy
The following interrelated questions can be used to guide the analysis
of project strategy:
• Should all identified objectives be selected or only a few?
• What is the combination of interventions that most likely brings
about the desired results and promotes sustainability?
• What are the costs implications of different possible interventions,
and what can realistically be afforded?
• What is the most cost effective option?
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2. Analysis of Project Strategy
The following interrelated questions can be used to guide the analysis of
project strategy:
• Which strategy will impact most positively the needs or rights of the
poor and other identified vulnerable groups?
• How can local ownership of the project be best supported, including
capacity development of local organizations?
• How can potential negative environmental impacts be best mitigated
or avoided?
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Objective
Analysis of Project Strategy
Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
Examples of Project Strategy Selection
SMART goal
Exercise
10
3. Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
• In practice, a number of compromises often have to be
made in order to balance different interests of
stakeholders or project team, project context, and practical
constraints such as the likely available resources.
• Nevertheless, choosing a project strategy can be tactically
processed if there is an agreed set of criteria against which
to assess the merits of different intervention options.
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3. Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
A set of criteria could include:
• Expected contributions to a broad or national policy or goal
such as in the area of poverty reduction, economic integration,
education, health, gender equality, environment, and so on.
• Provide benefits to target groups including women and men,
young and old, disabled and able people.
• Complementary to other ongoing or planned programs or
projects.
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3. Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
A set of criteria could include:
• Capital and operational cost implications, and local ability to meet
recurrent costs.
• Financial and economic cost-benefit: costs produce deserving benefits.
• Contributions to institutional capacity building.
• Technical feasibility: strategy that is technically doable.
• Environmental impact: more environmental friendly or mitigate adverse
affects.
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3. Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
• Using these criteria will help to determine what should or
can be included within the scope of the project, and what
should not or cannot be included.
• The selected strategy will then be used to help formulate
the first column, intervention logic or project summary, of
the Logframe, particularly in helping to identify the overall
objective/goal, purpose/outcome, and results/outputs.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Objective
Analysis of Project Strategy
Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
Examples of Project Strategy Selection
SMART goal
Exercise
15
4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
After agreeing on the criteria for choosing a project strategy:
• The project team and stakeholders can start to look at the
objective tree
• Apply the criteria of strategy selection
• And then arrive at a selected objectives path for the project,
which is called project strategy selection.
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
Project Strategy Selection
Objective
Ends
Objective
Objective
Objective
Objective
Objective: Purpose
Means
Objective
Objective
Objective Objective
Objective
Objective Tree
Objective:
Positive
Statement
Tree Image source:
Clipartpenda
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
We will look at two examples of project strategy selection:
• “improve the quality of river water”
• “reduced infant and maternal mortality rates”.
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
Improve the quality
of river water
(EC, 2004)
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
• The starting point of strategy selection is
objective tree
• Some clusters in the objective tree can
be formed or grouped as a theme.
• Not all objectives in the objective tree
will be selected.
• In this strategy selection, the
organization chose to intervene in
“wastewater strategy” and drop “waste
or solid strategy”.
• The objectives obtained from the
strategy selection will be further used in
Logframe at the next step.
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
The next example looks at “high infant and maternal mortality rates” as
the main problem:
• The analysis starts with a problem tree, then transformed it into an objective tree.
• Different objectives in the objective tree are clustered into corresponding themes.
• Objectives that do not match criteria of strategy selection of the organization are
removed.
• The objectives obtained from the strategy selection will be further used in
Logframe at the next step.
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
Problem Tree Analysis:
High Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates
(ITAD, 1999)
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
Objective Tree Analysis:
Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates Reduced
(ITAD, 1999)
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4. Examples of Project Strategy Selection
Strategy Analysis and Selection:
Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates Reduced
(ITAD, 1999)
Not Selected
Not Selected
Not Selected
Not Selected
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Objective
Analysis of Project Strategy
Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
Examples of Project Strategy Selection
SMART goal
Exercise
25
5. SMART Goal
A goal is a broad statement of the overall outcome(s)
that the proposed plan is expected to achieve.
(WHO, 2011)
A goal is a view of the end result of the project or anticipated
outcome/purpose. Goals are conceptual and abstract.
Generally, each project should have only one goal.
(Sinclair Community College, 2003)
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5. SMART Goal
• A project goal can be obtained from the objective tree.
• A goal is the objective that is the “ends” level.
• There can be a lot of goals at the “ends” level of the
objective tree, the project team should choose one or
several among them.
• If more than one goals are chosen, they will be reformulated
into a new goal.
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5. SMART Goal
Objective Tree
Objective
Objective
Objective
Ends
Objective: Goal/Overall Objective
Objective: Purpose/Outcome
Means
Objective
Objective
Tree Image source: Clipartpenda
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5. SMART Goal
Some examples of project goal are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
To reduce infant and maternal mortality rates.
To improve public health services.
To reduce traffic road accidents.
To improve quality of general education.
To strengthen food security in rural communities.
To promote gender equality and empower women.
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5. SMART Goal
S
• Specific: identifies concrete events or actions that will take place
M
• Measurable: quantifies the amount of resources, activity, or change to be
expended and achieved
A
• Appropriate or Attainable or Achievable: logically relates to the overall
problem statement and desired effects of the program
R
• Realistic or Relevant: provides a realistic dimension that can be achieved with
available resources and plans for implementation
T
• Time-based or Time-bound: specifies expected time to be achieved
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5. SMART Goal
Goals
SMART Goals
To assist countries in reducing
effects of soil erosion.
To assist all sixteen counties
in reducing the effects of soil
erosion from agricultural,
forest and urban lands by
2018.
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5. SMART Goal
Goals
SMART Goals
To develop institutional
capacity for organizations in
the Lower Mekong Subregion.
To develop institutional
capacity for at least 30 civil
society organizations in the
Lower Mekong Sub-region by
2020.
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5. SMART Goal
Goals
SMART Goals
Mobile network operator will
provide access to essential
information to low or middleincome country.
By 2017 at least one mobile
network operator or mobile
handset manufacturer, in at
least one low- or middleincome country, will provide
access to essential health
information for direct use by
citizens and free of any charges.
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5. SMART Goal
Goals
SMART Goals
To improve health services in
Thailand.
To improve maternal,
neonatal and child health
services in Northern part of
Thailand by 2018.
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5. SMART Goal
Goals
SMART Goals
To increase access to
education and employment
opportunities for young
people in rural communities.
To increase access to
education and employment
opportunities for young
people aged 18-24 years in
five rural communities in
Khon Kaen by 2020.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Objective
Analysis of Project Strategy
Criteria for Choosing a Project Strategy
Examples of Project Strategy Selection
SMART goal
Exercise
36
6. Exercise
Work in Pair
• Exercise #1: Project Strategy and Goal
• What is the name of a project you are working on?
• What is the project goal?
• What factors were taking into consideration when
choosing strategy for this project?
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References
• Artto, K., Kujala, J., Dietrich, P., & Martinsuo, M. (2008). What is Project Strategy? International Journal of Project Management(26), 4-12.
• EC. (2004). Aid Delivery Methods: Project Cycle Management Guidelines. European Commission.
• EURIDA. (2014). The Logical Framework Approach – an Introduction. EURIDA.
• ITAD. (1999). Project Cycle Management Training Handbook. Information Training and Agricultural Development.
• Sinclair Community College. (2003). Creating Goals, Objectives and Activities.
• WHO. (2011). District Planning Tool for Maternal and Newborn Health Strategy Implementation: a Practical Tool for Strengthening Health
Management System. World Health Organization.
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