Earth Observation
W.G. Report
APRSAF-11
Nov 3 rd,2004
Yukio HARUYAMA
Director
Earth Observation Research and application Center (EORC)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
APRSAF-10　Recommendation (1)
APRSAF-10 was held in Thailand in January 2004
a, Understand the importance and effectiveness of Earth
observation system for sustainable development in AsiaPacific region
b, Recognize the progress and advancement of Earth
observation activities in the field of disaster and
environmental monitoring, natural resource management,
GIS application and so on
c, Improve the accessibility and availability of the EO data
and information
d, Strengthen the cooperation under the framework of
APRSAF among its members
APRSAF-10　Recommendation (2)
e, Enhance the APRSAF activities in accordance with the
Earth Observation Summit framework and the Group on
Earth Observations (GEO)
To enhance disaster and environmental monitoring by
Earth observation system
To establish EO data archive systems for sharing the
useful information from Earth observation satellites
To promote data application, in particular GIS
application
To support capacity building for promoting data
utilization of each country
To minimize the gap between user requirements and
satellite observations
Activities for the recommendation (c)
Improve the accessibility and availability of the EO data
and information
Digital Asia
1. Digital Asia concept study has been done in cooperation
with AIT. Digital Asia will improve mutual usage of GIS
data and satellite data　among Asian countries.
2. JAXA and Keio Univ. have
undertaken the joint study on
the integrate GIS database.
Sample of the integrate GIS database
Activities for the recommendation (d)-1
Strengthen the cooperation under the framework of
APRSAF among its members
AIT seminar for capacity building
4times/year, total 6 weeks
Thailand (AIT)
Caravan seminar: Bangladesh, Viet Nam, Nepal
10-20 participants
Theme: remote sensing, GIS, SAR, mapping,
disaster monitoring, forest monitoring and so on
AIT seminar
Field Survey in LAO
Activities for the recommendation (d)-2
JAXA had 4 proposals of new pilot project from the
APRSAF member countries.
Survey Department (Nepal)
Urban Change Detection in Katmandu Valley, Nepal
SPARRSO (Bangladesh)
“The Pilot Project on Flood Disaster Mitigation in Bangladesh”
Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (Vietnam)
“Pilot project on evaluation of the potential of Japanese satellite data in
monitoring and change detection of land-use and mangrove
distributions in coastal zone of Vietnam”
Department of Agriculture Bureau of Agricultural Research (Philippines)
“Remote Sensing Solution in Agriculture and Fisheries in the Philippines”
Activities for the recommendation (d)-3
Strengthen the cooperation under the framework of
APRSAF among its members
Mini-Project:
JAXA started education course to prepare for the Pilot
Project since July 2004. This project is named “MiniProject”.
JAXA invited 2 trainees from the each country (Nepal,
Bangladesh, Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia and LAO)
to the course.
・ Fundamental course (2 weeks)
・ On the Job training with AIT researchers (3 weeks)
・ Field work (1 weeks)
・ Report writing and future planning at AIT (4 weeks)
Activities for the recommendation (d)-4
Strengthen the cooperation under the framework of
APRSAF among its members
Status of current Pilot Project:
Two pilot projects have been done since 2003 and
will be continued until March 2006.
GISTDA (Thailand),
JAXA and GISDA signed the arrangement for the ALOS data
utilization cooperation in December 2003. The Pilot Project
in Thailand will enhance satellites data utilization in land
management and city planning field.
LAPAN (Indonesia)
JAXA and LAPAN signed the arrangement for the ADEOS-2
data utilization cooperation in September 2003. The Pilot
Project　will enhance satellites data utilization in fishery and
marine application field.
Activities for the recommendation (e)
Enhance the APRSAF activities in accordance with the
Earth Observation Summit framework and the Group on
Earth Observations (GEO)
To enhance disaster and environmental monitoring by
Earth observation system
To establish EO data archive systems for sharing the
useful information from Earth observation satellites
To promote data application, in particular GIS
application
To support capacity building for promoting data
utilization of each country
To minimize the gap between user requirements and
satellite observations
GEO and APRSAF
Side-meeting of the Earth Observation Summit
at Tokyo International Exchange Center ”Plaza Heisei”
on 6th February, 2004
The side-meeting on the Earth Observation Summit was held
after the Plenary session of International Work shop on IGOS.
JAXA (Mr.Chu Ishida) reported recommendations agreed by
the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF)
held in Chiang-Mai, Thailand on January 14th-16th, 2004, to
enhance APRSAF activities such as establishing data archive
systems, promoting data applications, and conducting capacity
building in accordance with the framework of the Earth
Observation Summit and GEO.
The 2nd Earth Observation Summit
The 2nd Earth Observation Summit
in Tokyo, JAPAN
on 25th April, 2004
Attendee: about 350
43 countries (G8 member countries, Asia, Europe Africa and EC)
25 International Agencies (World Bank, UNESCO, WMO etc.)
Participants from Japan: about 60
• Prime Minister KOIZUMI Junichiro
• Minister KAWAMURA Takeo of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Results:
The Framework for a 10-Year Implementation Plan and the
Communique of the Earth Observation Summit II were adopted.
Chairman KAWAMURA’s Speech
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan,
Chairman KAWAMURA’s Speech
at the Earth Observation Summit II, April 2004, Tokyo
Objectives of Japan’s contribution in the next 10 years.
Japan will focus on the following three areas.
1. Adaptation to global warming and carbon cycle change
2. Adaptation to the climate change including water cycle
variation
3. Reduction and prevention of disasters
Japan will also make continuous contribution as follows:
-Observation, data processing, and data exchange and dissemination
-Systems for transforming data into useful information
-Providing Cooperation to the Asian and Oceania regions
Framework for a 10-Year Implementation Plan
Identification of key observation areas and objective (nine benefits
such as reducing loss of life and property from natural and human
induced disasters, understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating,
and adapting to climate variability and change and so on).
Overcome shortcomings of current observation systems
(strengthen involvement of the developing countries, improve
Earth observation technology, strengthen observation systems).
Give guidance for establishing new Global Earth Observation
System of Systems (GEOSS) by strengthen existing observation
systems, establishing successor international mechanism.
Social Benefits and Requirement (GEOSS 10y-IP)
The social benefit area.
1. Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human
induced disasters
2. Understanding environmental factors affecting human health and
well being
3. Improving management of energy resources
4. Understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating and adapting to
climate variability and change
5. Improving water resource management through better
understanding of the water cycle
6. Improving weather information, forecasting and warning
7. Improving the management and protection of terrestrial, coastal
and marine ecosystems
8. Supporting sustainable agriculture and combating desertification
9. Understanding, monitoring and conserving biodiversity
Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human
induced Disasters (GEOSS 10y-IP)
Disasters killed 500,000 people and caused 750 billion dollars
of damage during the period 1990-1999, from hazards including
wild land fires, volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, subsidence,
floods, coastal hazards, tsunamis, ice hazards, extreme weather
and pollution events.
A successful GEOSS implementation will bring a more timely
dissemination of information through better coordinated systems
for monitoring, predicting, mitigating, and responding to hazards
at local, national, regional, and global levels.
Earth observations will be enhanced and better integrated,
blending in situ measurements with airborne and satellite remote
sensing, and with diverse socio-economic data and maps.
Data in the service of users (GEOSS 10y-IP)
Data sharing is a critical component to achieve social benefits
of Earth observations.
The societal benefits of Earth observations cannot be
achieved without data sharing. GEO Participants agree to
the following data sharing principles:
GEO supports full and open access to data, metadata,
and products shared within GEOSS, while recognizing
relevant international instruments and national policies and
legislation.
All shared data, metadata, and products should be made
available with minimum time delay and free of charge or no
more than the cost of reproduction.
Capacity Building (GEOSS 10y-IP)
Within 10 years, a well-funded and sustained capacity building
strategy will have significantly strengthened the capability of all
countries, and particularly of developing countries, to:
1. Use Earth observation data and products (e.g., process, integrate,
model) following accepted standards;
2. Contribute to, access, and retrieve data from global data systems
and networks;
3. Analyze and interpret data to enable development of decisionsupport tools;
4. Integrate Earth observation data and products with those from
non-Earth-observation sources, for a more complete view and
understanding of problems and derived solutions;
5. Develop the necessary infrastructure development in areas of poor
observational coverage;
6. Develop recommended priorities for new or augmented efforts in
capacity building.
GEO Calendar (Draft)
Earth Observation Summit-I July 31
United States
Initial GEO Meeting—August 1-2
Complete Framework Document
GEO-2 Italy
November 28-29
=
EO Summit II - Japan
Document Milestones
= GEO Secretariat
Meetings
Complete10-Year
Implementation Plan
South Africa
February 23-25
G-8
= GEO Meetings planned
= GEO Meetings notional
Earth Observation Summit III
Europe
= Significant Events
2003
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2004
J
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J
J
A
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2005
J
A Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation
JFY
Disaster
Monitoring
And
Resource
Management
～ 2002
【Optical Sensor】
MOS-1,ADEOS
(87~95)
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
ALOS
14
4.2 Health
4.1 Disasters
(96~97)
【Optical & SAR】
JERS-1
Geo-Stationary Earth Observation Mission
(92~98)
Disaster Monitoring Constellation Mission
4.8 Agriculture
4.7 Ecosystems
4.9 Biodiversity
Global Warming
And
Global Water
Cycle Observation
Water Cycle
Observation
【Precipitation
Radar】
TRMM/PR
GPM / DPR
TRMM / PR
(97~)
【Microwave
Sensor】
MOS-1
4.5 Water
ADEOS-II / AMSR
(87~95)
Aqua / AMSR-E
【Sea Surface Wind Vector, SST】
GCOM-W/ AMSR
【Cloud, Aerosol, Vegetation】
Climate
Change
Observation
【Optical Sensor】
MOS-1, ADEOS
(87~95)
GCOM-C/ SGLI
4.4 Climate
4.3 Energy
ADEOS-II / GLI
(96~97)
【Cloud, Aerosol】
Earth CARE / CPR
【Cloud Radar】
Greenhouse
Gas
Observation
4.6 Weather
【Spectrometer】
ADEOS/ILAS
(96~97)
GOSAT 【CO2 】
ADEOS-II / ILAS-II
Social Benefit
Areas of
Drafts GEOSS
10-Year
Implementation
Plan
Note:
This chart includes
NOT authorized plan
Legend Symbol
Planned Project
Approved Project
After Operation Period
ALOS Satellite System
Data Relay
Antenna
Star Tracker
GPS Antenna
PALSAR
PRISM
AVNIR-2
Launch Date
JFY 2005（TBD）
Launch Vehicle
H-IIA
Spacecraft Mass
about 4,000kg
Generated
Elec. Power
about 7kW
at EOL
Orbit
Sun Synchronous
Altitude
691.65km
Repeat Cycle
(Sub-Cycle)
46 days
( 2 days )
Solar Array Paddle
Velocity
Nadir
PRISM　: Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping
AVNIR-2 : Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2
PALSAR : Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
Features of ALOS
1)
Providing terrain elevation map with ~5m altitude accuracy
9 2.5m resolution image.
9 Triplet stereoscopic images with nadir, forward, and backward.
2) Highly accurate position and attitude determination to provide
"Mapping without any Ground Control points".
9
Exact satellite position information within 1 m accuracy.
9
Precise “pointing” information within 0.0002° accuracy.
9
Absolute time information for each pixel better than 0.37 ms.
3) Wide observation swath with 70km or wider.
⇔Conventional high resolution satellites have narrower swath width (10 –
20km).
4) Large capacity mission data handling
ALOS Acoustic Test in Spacecraft Integration and
Test Facilities, Tsukuba Space Cente
( 15th January, 2004 )
ALOS　Data　Node
ALOS Data Node Concept
increased capacity for ALOS Data processing and archiving
accelerated scientific and practical use of ALOS data
increased international co-operation including joint validation and
joint science study activities
enhanced service for potential users of ALOS data
Each Node is associated with a
geographical zone which defines
the extent of its area of activity
(supporting the physical residents
therein as potential ALOS users)
as an ADN partner.
-ESA: Europe and Africa
-NOAA/ASF: North and South
America
-GA: Oceania
-JAXA: Asia
-GISTDA: Asian Sub-Node
Flood monitoring
Using L band SAR image
■Detect a Spatial and temporal
characteristics of flooding
patterns
■
Central Amazon basin Low flood
(Oct. 1995)
Flood pattern
derived by JERS-1/SAR
High flood (May 1996)
(JERS-1 GRFM) NASDA/METI/JPL/JRC
Landslides monitoring
Simulated data of PRISM
and AVNIR-2.
ALOS’s orbit, and AVNIR-2’s & PALSAR’s cross-track pointing angles
were optimized for frequent revisit.
■As a result, within 48 hours (from command to observation), disaster
struck area can be observed using AVNIR-2 or PALSAR. (Cloud cover is
not considered.)
■DRTS helps near real-time data down link.
■
Heat Wave in Australia
AMSR-E captured the
heat wave during Feb.
2004 in southern and
eastern Australia.
The figure indicates the
difference between
estimated average air
temperatures near land
surfaces during February
2003 and 2004.
Red and orange; Warmer in 2004
than in 2003
Blue;
Cooler in 2004 than in 2003.
Thank you for your Attention.
ADEOS-II GLI, JAXA