Unit 7 Adversity
Optional
Classroom
Activities
Listen and
Respond
Read and
Explore
Get Started
Enhance
Your
Language
Awareness
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following
brainstorming questions.
1. Have you ever experienced any intense difficulties,
hardships or major obstacles in your life? (Open.)
2. How do you usually deal with adversity?
3. Do you think adversity can make you grow better
and stronger? (Open.)
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
Study the following quotes on success. Which quote do you
like best? Why?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
Smooth seas do not make skillful sailors.
— African proverb
Interpretation:
Sailing on rough seas, sailors are constantly faced
with all kinds of hostile conditions. In their struggle
against adversities, they can acquire survival skills
in time. Similarly, the difficulties of life should make
us better, not bitter. In the process of dealing with
problems and difficulties, we can become more
experienced in life. Therefore, instead of panicking
or complaining in the face of adversity, we should
see it as a challenge as well as a chance to
improve our abilities.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
When it is dark enough, you can see the stars.
— Ralph Waldo Emerson
Interpretation:
Click Picture
This quote tells us not to lose hope in the face of
adversity. As we all know, we cannot see well
when night falls, but against the dark background
we find the shining stars in the sky. So, at a time
when we think we are at our worst, we can
always discover something that promises hope,
such as friendship, love and care from the
people who won’t desert us no matter what has
happened.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Unit 7
Quotes
Watching and Discussion
Adversity is the first path to truth.
—Lord Byron
Interpretation:
Click Picture
Through adversity we can approach truth.
When we are going through difficult times, we
are able to see things and people from an
angle different from when we are successful.
Hence we tend to see things more soberly and
objectively in times of adversity.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant;
if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity
would not be so welcome.
—Anne Bradstreet
Click Picture
Interpretation:
We love spring and resent winter; we love
prosperity and hate adversity. But just as
white would have no meaning if there is no
black as a contrast, we wouldn’t be able to
appreciate the warm spring sun without
having endured the cold of winter.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
Watch the following video clip “Magic Johnson” and do the
tasks that follow:
click here
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
1. Answer the questions.
1) What is the biggest challenge in Magic
Johnson’s life?
click here
He is an AIDS patient.
2) What a guy does Magic
Johnson
call himself?
Click
here
He calls himself “a competitor” and “a positive guy.”
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Get Started
Discussion
Quotes
Unit 7
Watching and Discussion
2. Discuss how people should meet challenges
such as some serious diseases.
click here
• hold a positive attitude
• follow the doctor’s instructions
• focus on important matters in life
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
bean n.
豆
adversity n.
[C; U] fml bad fortune; trouble 〖正式〗逆境，不幸，厄运，
患难
soften vt.
cause to become soft(er), gentle, less stiff, or less severe 使
变软，使变轻柔，使变温和
harden vt.
make sth. firm or stiff 使变硬，使坚固，使硬化
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following
sentences according to the information contained in the
listening passage.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
1. The main idea of this passage is ________.
A)
how to boil some carrots, eggs and coffee
beans in water
B)
that we should make better use of carrots,
eggs and coffee beans
C)
that daughters should learn how to cook
D)
how to deal with adversity in life
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
2. The daughter complained to her father because
________.
A) she did not know how to cook
B) she had a hard life and wanted to give up
C) she found it hard to boil carrots, eggs and
coffee beans in water
D) she couldn’t bear the bitter taste of the coffee
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
3. After being boiled in the boiling water, the coffee beans
________.
A) became softened
B) became hardened
C) made the water taste bitter
D) made the water taste better
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
4. The father hoped that his daughter would be like
________in the face of adversity.
A) a carrot
B) an egg
C) a coffee bean
D) himself
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
Listen to the recording carefully and fill in each of the
blanks according to what you have heard.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
1. A daughter complained to her father about her life and
how things were so ______
hard for her. She wanted
to _________
give up .
2. The carrots, eggs and coffee beans reacted to the
boiling water differently. The carrots went in strong and
softened and weak . The eggs had
hard, but came out _____________________
been weak. But after being boiled their inside
hardened . However the coffee beans had
became ____________
made the water _____________
taste better after they were boiled in
the boiling water.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Listen and Respond
Word Bank
Task One
Unit 7
Task Two
3. “When adversity________
knocks on your door, how do you react?
Are you a carrot, an egg, or a coffee bean? If you are
like the coffee bean, when things are at their _______
worst ,
you get better and make
things better around you.”
____________________
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
Exercise 1: Answer the following questions with the
information contained in Text A.
1. What did the researchers discover in the book
Cradles of Eminence?
2. What can we learn about Anna Eleanor Roosevelt?
3. What is meant by the "Adversity Principle"?
4. According to this text is it necessarily true that a
tough childhood means problems or failures over
one’s entire lifetime? What should we do when we
face adversity?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into three parts. Give the
main idea of each part in one sentence.
Part Para(s) Main ideas
Difficulties and obstacles in one’s childhood may
not necessarily mean problems or failures over
I
1
one’s entire lifetime.
The author cites some examples of successful
people who overcame various difficulties and
II
2-11
obstacles and fully developed their potential.
The author calls on readers to adopt a positive
attitude toward hardship and take action to
III
12
develop their true potential.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
It is said that childhood obstacles and hardships
restrain one’s growth and development. But with the
examples of many eminent people, the author makes it
clear that adversity is the cradle of success.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
Did You Have a Tough Childhood?
Jill Ammon-Wexler
Many claim unhappy and terrible childhood experiences
1
“damage” people in their adult years. But is this necessarily true?
Actually, just the opposite seems to be true. Intense difficulties,
hardships and major obstacles are actually often major contributors
to success. It’s true that difficult childhoods do leave some people
wounded and disadvantaged. But for others, a tough childhood
actually drives them to remarkable achievement and success!
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
2 In a classic book entitled Cradles of Eminence, researchers
reviewed the childhood family life of 700 of the world’s most
successful people. Their goal was to identify the early experiences
that contributed to the remarkable achievements of these successful
people. All of their “research subjects” are widely known for their
personal accomplishments. Their names are easily recognizable:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Helen Keller, Winston Churchill, Albert
Einstein, Sigmund Freud, etc.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
3 What they discovered is truly fascinating! Three-quarters of these
successful people (525 of the 700) came from deeply troubled
childhoods. They had endured extreme poverty, broken homes, and
even parental abuse. Over one-fourth (199 of the 700) had to deal
with very serious physical handicaps such as deafness, blindness or
crippled limbs. And over 80% of those who became successful
writers and playwrights had watched their own parents struggle with
intense psychological dramas.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
4
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, a former US “First Lady” provides an
excellent example. Anna lost her parents at the age of 10, and had a
very unpleasant childhood. As a young girl she was painfully aware of
being very homely. And her childhood writings reveal she never had a
sense of “belonging” anywhere, or to anyone. But as she matured,
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt refused to remain “disadvantaged.” She
hauled herself up by her own bootstraps and began to strive for a
higher, more powerful consciousness.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
5
After marrying Franklin D. Roosevelt, she ended up courageously
nursing her husband through crippling polio. Then when he was
elected to the US Presidency in the depth of the Great Depression, Mrs.
Roosevelt quickly transformed the position of First Lady. As First Lady,
she became an outspoken supporter for the disadvantaged people of
all races, religions and countries. At the same time, she helped her
husband manage the White House and raised six children.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
6 After her husband’s death, she spent the remainder of her life as a
highly respected American spokesperson to the United Nations. At her
death, this shy, disadvantaged, homely and withdrawn young woman
had become one of the most loved and respected women of her entire
generation.
7 Why did this happen? Eleanor Roosevelt made a personal choice
to lift herself beyond her perceived “limitations.” She displayed a tough,
unyielding courage, tempered by remarkable self-control and selfdiscipline.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
8 Obstacles and hardships do NOT have to lead to failure.
Scientific evidence has proven that “well-being” is NOT always an
advantage for either plants or animals. Where there is no challenge,
obstacle or hardship, growth and development is often limited.
Biologists refer to this as the “adversity principle.”
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
9 Consider Lou Gehrig: Lou was such a clumsy kid that the boys in
his neighborhood wouldn’t let him play on their baseball team. But he
tapped into his resources of inner courage and determination. Lou
Gehrig is today listed in the baseball “Hall of Fame” as one of the
greatest ball players of all time.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
10 Then there was Woodrow Wilson, who couldn’t read until he was
ten years old. Wilson went on in his life to become the twenty-eighth
President of the United States. Thomas Edison was deaf. Booker T.
Washington was born in slavery, and a “club foot” crippled Lord
Byron. The famous writer Robert Louis Stevenson had tuberculosis.
Alexander Pope had a hunchback. Yet each of these individuals
became famous historic figures in spite of their handicaps.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
11 Helen Keller, who could not hear or see, transformed an entire
nation when she graduated with honors from college. She is still a
source of inspiration for millions. Then there’s Ludwig van Beethoven.
Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his 20s, and was completely
deaf by 50. Yet he created some of the world’s most beautiful music.
Beethoven was once overheard shouting at the top of his voice, “I will
take life by the throat !”
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
12 Your attitude toward any perceived personal “handicap” determines
its impact on your life. This IS your life! Why not make it all it can be?
To become all we can be, we MUST stop making excuses. Use any
personal adversity or perceived limitations to do what Beethoven did:
Grab life by the throat! And this is a good day to take action to claim
more of your true potential. Get past your “old stuff,” my friend,
and fire yourself up ! If not now, when?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text A
Discovering the Main Ideas
In-Depth Study
Unit 7
Voicing Your Views
Work in threes or fours and have a group discussion on how
adversity might contribute to achievement and success.
Adversity might contribute to success in the following ways:
• Once a person has experienced both success and adversity, he or
she would not feel hopeless in adversity or overjoyed with success,
and would always be prepared to overcome difficulties and
obstacles on the way to success.
• Adversity builds character and fosters resilience and patience.
• If one treats adversity as challenge and succeeds in overcoming
one’s difficulties, he or she will be tempered and will grow stronger
and maturer in character. Meanwhile, he or she will have a sense of
fulfilment.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Key Words for Text B
accurate
component
stress
ease
identity
zone
convert
maintain
identification
breed
pose
strategic
impulse
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Expressions for Text B
in the face of
draw on
throw sb. off balance
try for sth. / try out for sth.
go for
in kind
by definition
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
1. Resilience is an emotional muscle that can grow with use
and practice — or become weak if ignored. (Para. 1)
1) Please paraphrase this sentence.
The nature of resilience is like that of a human muscle: the
more you exercise it, the stronger it will be. Leave it aside and
it will become weak and lose its function.
2) Translate the following Chinese into English by imitating the
above English sentence from the text.
英语也是一种技能，经常使用，经常练习，那么英语能力就会提高。
反之，如果完全忽视它，英语能力自然就会下降。
English is the same as any other skill that can grow with
regular use and practice — or become weak if ignored.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
2. It makes them more hardy in the face of adversity and better
able to draw on their cognitive abilities in situations that
throw others off balance. (Para. 4)
Please translate the following Chinese by using the pattern in
the above sentence: “sth. makes sb. + 形容词比较级and + 形
容词比较级.”
住在村里的这一周使他们更加清楚农村的现状，同时他们也更加渴望
政府制定政策，增加农民收入，使农村孩子不再缺少父母的陪伴。
The week they spent in the village made them better aware of
the reality in the countryside and more eager for governments’
policies to improve farmers’ income so that the children will not
be starving for their parents’ company.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
3. It is, in fact, more a learning process than an inherited gift.
(Para. 5)
Resilience requires being more strategic and less impulsive.
(Para. 18)
By definition, when you are less reactive, you become more
resilient. (Para. 19)
1) Comparative in the above sentences emphasizes contrast
of ideas. Please translate the above sentences into Chinese.
事实上，韧性的培养更像一个学习过程，而不是先天禀赋。(Para.
5)
要培养韧性，需要多些策略，少些冲动。(Para. 18)
从定义上来说，没有过激的反应时，你就变得更有韧性。(Para. 19)
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
3. It is, in fact, more a learning process than an inherited gift.
(Para. 5)
Resilience requires being more strategic and less impulsive.
(Para. 18)
By definition, when you are less reactive, you become more
resilient. (Para. 19)
2) Make up some sentences by yourself, imitating the
sample sentences from the text.
Success, in my eyes, is more related with hard work than with
luck.
To live in harmony with your roommates, you need to be more
tolerant and less selfish.
In fact, when you are less self-centered, you become more
likable.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Paras.
1-2
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Q1
What does resilience have in common with a
muscle?
Q2
Why do we all need to grow this emotional
muscle of resilience?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Paras.
3-5
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Q1
Is resilience an inborn trait according to Ellen
McGrath?
Q2
What role does personality play in the
development of resilience?
Q3
What helps promote resilience?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Paras.
6-7
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Q1
What is the advice offered in the two
paragraphs?
Q2
What difference do you think it will make
when you stop thinking of yourself as a
victim?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Paras.
8-11
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Q1
What is the advice offered here?
Q2
What is a "comfort zone"? How does our
comfort zone influence our lives?
Q3
What are some of the things we can do to go
beyond our comfort zone?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Paras.
12-15
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Q1
Why do we need to choose a hero?
Q2
What do you know about Christopher Reeve?
Q3
What do you know about Lance Armstrong?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Paras.
16-17
Q
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Why do we need to push ourselves physically
when developing resilience?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Read and Explore – Text B
Key Words and Expressions
Paras.
18-19
Difficult Sentences
Unit 7
Comprehension Questions
Q1
What does patience have to do with
resilience?
Q2
How should we react when someone is rude
to us?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Optional Classroom Activities
Unit 7
Activity 1: Surf on the Internet for stories of stars of resilience,
e.g. Joan of Arc, Christopher Reeve, etc. Share the story you
like most with your classmates.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Optional Classroom Activities
Unit 7
Activity 2: Do you know what your Adversity Quotient (AQ) is?
Find out about it by answering the following “yes” or “no”
questions. Score your “yes” and “no” responses and count up
the number of “yes” responses you’ve marked. Consult your
teacher for the implications of the result.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Optional Classroom Activities
QUESTION
Unit 7
ANSWER
YES
NO
1. Are you still full of energy at the end of the
day?
2. Do you thrive on challenges and are you
usually not frustrated by most difficulties?
3. Do most people consider you optimistic,
resilient, and energetic?
4. When adversity strikes, do you keep a cool
head and focus on resolving the situation?
5. Do you constantly strive to learn, grow, and
improve?
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Useful Expressions from Text A
Theme-Related Writing
Chinese Equivalences
major contributors to success
造就成功的主要因素
It’s true that…
的确
a tough childhood
drive sb. to remarkable
achievement and success
不幸的童年
extreme poverty
极端的贫困
serious physical handicaps
严重的生理残障
a sense of “belonging”
in the depth of the Great
Depression
归属感
促使某人取得异乎寻常的
成就
在大萧条最严重时
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Useful Expressions from Text A
Chinese Equivalences
an outspoken supporter for
……的公开支持者
display a tough, unyielding
courage
Obstacles and hardships do not
have to lead to failure.
graduate with honors from
college
显示了坚强不屈的勇气
get past one’s “old stuff”
忘记“旧事”
fire oneself up
让自己振奋起来
障碍和困难未必会导致失败。
以优异成绩从大学毕业
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Useful Expressions from Text B
Theme-Related Writing
Chinese Equivalences
grow with use and practice
经常使用和练习就变得更好
in the face of adversity
面对逆境
an inherited gift
先天禀赋
go beyond one’s comfort zone
走出舒适圈
There is no end to …
convert everyday stresses into
opportunities for growth
develop coping strategies
……数不胜数
把日常生活中的压力转化
为成长的动力
培养应对策略
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Grammar task 1: Study the following sentences that appear
in this unit and reflect on the subject-verb agreement, and
then do the task that follows.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
1) All of their “research subjects” are widely known for their personal
accomplishments. (Para. 2, Text A)
2) What they discovered is truly fascinating! (Para. 3, Text A)
3) Where there is no challenge, obstacle or hardship, growth and
development is often limited. (Para. 8, Text A)
4) Everyone can grow this emotional muscle. Everyone needs to.
(Para. 2, Text B)
5) The media offer plenty of possibilities: Christopher Reeve, Lance
Armstrong, even Hillary Clinton. (Para. 14, Text B)
6) If someone is rude to you, don’t immediately respond in kind or
display contempt. (Para. 19, Text B)
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
主谓一致
一、基本语法规则
谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。例如：
He works in this factory.
c.f. They work in this factory.
There is little time left.
c.f. There are many guests here.
Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes.
c.f. Taxes as well as unemployment influence votes.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
二、单数主语
以下形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数
1) 不定式短语、动词-ing形式及名词从句。例如：
To get there before eight is impossible.
Reading makes a wise man.
What we need now is more time.
2) 事件、国名、机构名称、书名等。例如：
The United Nations was established in 1945.
Pride and Prejudice has become a classic.
3) 以下不定代词和限定词作主语或修饰主语时：every, each,
everyone, everybody, one, either, neither, many a。例如：
Every student is given a handbook.
Is either of the books available in your store?
Many a student wishes for more freedom in selecting courses.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
三、复数主语
以下不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数：both, few, many,
several。例如：
Few of my family understand me.
Several of the managers are absent now.
四、带有量词的主语与动词的一致
确定核心主语，该主语与动词保持一致。例如：
A lot of the equipment is new.
c.f. A lot of my friends are here tonight.
More than one person is involved in the case.
c.f. More than one hundred people were killed in the typhoon.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
五、并列主语
1）由and或both…and连接两个主语时，动词一般用复数，除非
并列主语作为整体考虑，或在意义上指同一个人或事物。例
如：
Both John and Ann are my friends.
Riding a bicycle and playing basketball are my greatest
pleasure.
The editor and publisher of the journal is John Smith. (the
editor和 publisher是同一个人)
2）由or, either…or, 或 neither…nor连接两个主语时，动词与最
接近的一个主语一致。例如：
Neither the prices nor the quality has changed.
c.f. Neither the quality nor the prices have changed.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
六、集体名词作主语
集体名词作主语时，动词的数取决于主语表示的意义。当主
语表示不可分割的整体时，动词用单数；当主语强调集体中的
每一个成员时，动词用复数。例如：
The family is the basic unit of the society.
c.f. The family are sitting around the dinner table.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Now do the tasks on Page 218 in your textbook.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Grammar task 2: Study the following sentences that appear
in this unit, paying special attention to the pronounantecedent agreement, and then do the task in your textbook.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
1. And over 80% of those who became successful writers and
playwrights had watched their own parents struggle with
intense psychological dramas. (Para. 3, Text A)
2. But Anna Eleanor Roosevelt refused to remain
“disadvantaged.” She hauled herself up by her own
bootstraps and began to strive for a higher, more powerful
consciousness. (Para. 4, Text A)
3. Lou was such a clumsy kid that the boys in his neighborhood
wouldn’t let him play on their baseball team. (Para. 9, Text A)
4.Your attitude toward any perceived personal “handicap”
determines its impact on your life. (Para. 12, Text A)
5. If you are having trouble with a child, remember how much
you love him or her. (Para. 10, Text B)
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
代词一致
一、基本语法规则
代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词在人称、数、性上保持一
致。
例如：George loves his job.
c.f. These women expressed their opinions directly.
二、下列词作主语或修饰主语时，代词一般用单数
every, each, one, either, neither, anybody, nobody,
everyone, somebody, no one, nothing, anything, nothing等。
例如：Every citizen should exercise his / her right to vote.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
三、and连接两个单数名词时，代词用复数。
例如：Tom and Simon sat on the step with their coats on.
四、or或nor连接两个单数名词时，代词用单数；连接两个复数名
词时，代词用复数；连接的两个名词一个为单数，一个是复数，
或一个阳性，一个阴性时，代词与邻近的名词一致。
例如：Did Anny or Lucy lose her bag?
c.f. Did Anny or Tim lose his bag?
五、所指代的集体名词根据其具体意义确定代词的数。
例如：My family is large. It is composed of nine members.
c.f. My family are always loving and supportive. They never
fail me.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Now do the tasks on Pages 218-219 in your textbook.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Write a short essay entitled “When Facing Adversity.” The
following outline may be of some help.
a. The adversity we may encounter in life
b. General reactions of people to adversity
c. Your own view on dealing with adversity
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Sample
Writing
Throughout our lifetime we may encounter
many adversities: unable to pay for the education,
obstacles in studies and even physical disabilities.
Whether we are rich or poor, intelligent or slow,
adversity seems the constant companion of many of
us.
In the face of adversity there are typically two
reactions: one is to feel frightened and run away; the
other, to face it with courage. But what happens next
makes a big difference between the brave and the
cowardly. Some people turn away from adversity
without even an attempt to make things better;
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7
Useful Expressions
Grammar in Context
Theme-Related Writing
Sample
Writing
while others, though frightened emotionally or
disadvantaged physically, manage to shake off the
initial fear and take hold of their bootstraps to pull
themselves out of the bad situations they are in.
We should choose the attitude of the latter
because running away is not going to solve the
problem. In addition, this attitude may lead one to
acquire the habit of always thinking negatively and
thus limit one’s growth and development.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2
Thank You!