6WELCOME
Improving Water Efficiency, Loss
Control & Your Bottom Line with
AWWA M36 Methodology
Expectations
1
6 Goal of the Workshop – gain hands-on training on the best practice
water auditing to guide loss control methods
6 Agenda
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Welcome & Expectations
Brief History of AWWA Water Audit method and its implementation
Fundamentals of the AWWA Water Audit Method
Compiling the Water Audit: Small Group Exercise
Lunch
Determining Data Validity: Small Group Exercise
Working with Your Data: Small Group Exercise
Monthly Data Collection and Auditing as a Standard Business Practice
Preview of the New AWWA Free Water Audit Software© v5.0
Open Forum: Question and Answer and recap discussion
Evaluations and Certificates
Adjourn
BRIEF HISTORY
OR THE AWWA
WATER AUDIT
METHOD
2
II. Brief History: Water Supply Efficiency
6 Focus for early system builders
– Bring forth water supply for new
communities
– Largely a supply-side focus – first seek a
larger water supply, conserve or become
more efficient only if needed
6 Earliest mention of a structured
approach for water efficiency
– 1957 AWWA report: Revenue Producing
vs. Unaccounted-for water
• Defines a “metered water ratio”
6 Guidance publications on water
audits, leak detection – 1980’s
1950’s
1980’s
IWA/AWWA Collaboration
6 International Water Association’s Water Loss Task
Force: 1996 -2000
– Formed to review world-wide approaches to water auditing and to
identify best practices
– Included representatives from four countries and North America
(AWWA)
– Devised best practice methodology by drawing from best features
of a number of water auditing approaches, including AWWA M36
– Results published in 2000, Performance Indicators for Water
Supply Service
6 The Water Loss Task Force continued its mission and is
now the IWA Water Loss Specialist Group, which
organizes the largest water loss conference in the
world, held on a biennial basis
Allan Lambert (UK)
IWA WLTF Chair
1996 – 2000
“the world’s foremost
authority on leakage
management”
– The next conference is “Water Loss 2014”, to be held
in Vienna, Austria from March 30 – April 2, 2014
3
2001 AWWA States Survey – sponsored by AWWA
Water Loss Control Committee
20%
10%
15%
15%
15% 10%
10%
15%
20%
15%
20%
20%
15%
15%
15%
7.5%
10%
15%
15%
15%
15%
10%
Conclusion: “A better system of accounting is needed to instill
better accountability in drinking water utilities”
AWWA Adopts Findings of IWA WLTF
6 AWWA adopted IWA’s best practice water audit method
in 2003 in the Committee Report authored by the Water
Loss Control Committee:
6 “Applying World-wide Best Management Practices in
Water Loss Control”
– It included a recommendation to assess water
consumption and losses by volume and cost
– It included for the first time an AWWA recommendation to
avoid use of the imprecise term “unaccounted-for” water
and the “unaccounted-for” water percentage as a detailed
performance measure
– It defined the economic level of leakage, and the
economic levels of apparent loss as the desired target
levels for utilities to seek, instead of seeking a specific
“percentage”
AWWA’s Water
Loss Control
Committee was
originally formed in
the 1980’s as the
“Leak Detection
Committee”
4
Best Practice Tools for Water Loss Control
AWWA WLCC Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet
Back to Instructions
Copyright © 2006, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
?
Click to access definition
Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department
Reporting Year: 2004
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where possible, m etered values should be used; if m etered values are unavailable please estimate a value.
Indicate this by selecting a choice from the gray box to the left, where M = m easured (or accurately known value) and E = estimated.
ALL VOLUMES TO BE ENTERED AS ANNUAL QUANTITIES
WATER SUPPLIED
6 AWWA M36 Publication
– First Ed. (1991) based on State of CA pub
– Second Ed. (1999)
– Water Audits and Loss Control Programs
(2009), 3rd Edition features the
IWA/AWWA Water Audit Methodology
– 4th Edition targeted for 2015 release
Volume from own sources:
Master meter error adjustment:
Water Imported:
Water Exported:
?
?
Billed metered:
Billed unmetered:
Unbilled metered:
Unbilled unmetered:
M
M
?
M
?
M
.
95,526.0 million gallons (US) per year
695.4 under-registered
million gallons (US) per year
0.0 million gallons (US) per year
7,210.2 million gallons (US) per year
.
.
.
.
89,011.2 million gallons (US) per year
?
M
?
M
57,535.2 million gallons (US) per year
0.0 million gallons (US) per year
179.3 million gallons (US) per year
693.6 million gallons (US) per year
WATER SUPPLIED:
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
?
M
?
E
.
.
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:
58,408.1 million gallons (US) per year
.
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption)
.
.
Apparent Losses
.
Unauthorized consumption:
Customer metering inaccuracies:
Data handling errors:
Apparent Losses:
?
E
?
E
?
E
.
30,603.1 million gallons (US) per year
1,145.2 million gallons (US) per year
162.5 million gallons (US) per year
2,751.2 million gallons (US) per year
4,058.9 million gallons (US) per year
Real Losses
Real Losses (Water Losses - Apparent Losses):
.
.
.
26,544.2 million gallons (US) per year
WATER LOSSES:
.
.
.
30,603.1 million gallons (US) per year
.
NON_REVENUE WATER
.
NON-REVENUE WATER:
31,476.0 million gallons (US) per year
.
.
.
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains:
Number of active AND inactive service connections:
Connection density:
Average length of private pipe:
?
?
M
M
.
?
E
3,160.0 miles
548,289
174 conn./mile main
12.0 ft
(pipe length between curbstop
.
Average operating pressure:
?
E
and customer meter or property
55.0 psi
.
.
.
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system:
?
M
Customer retail unit cost (applied to apparent losses) :
?
M
Variable production cost (applied to real losses) :
?
M
$167,604,000 $/Year
$3.95 $/1000 gallons (US)
$133.58 $/million gallons (US)
DATA REVIEW - Please review the following information and make changes above if necessary:
- Input values should be indicated as either measured or estimated. You have entered:
12 as measured values
6 as estimated values
0 without specifying measured or estimated
- It is important to accurately measure the master meter - you have entered the measurement type as: measured
- Cost Data: No problems identified
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
6 AWWA Water Loss Control Committee’s
Free Water Audit Software© (2006)
– Current Version 4.2 exists in English and
French languages
– Upgraded Version 5.0 targeted for 2014
Financial Indicators
Non-revenue water as percent by volume:
Non-revenue water as percent by cost:
Annual cost of Apparent losses:
Annual cost of Real Losses:
35.4%
11.7%
$16,012,518
$3,545,768
Operational Efficiency Indicators
Apparent losses per service connection per day:
20.28 gallons/connection/day
Real losses per service connection per day*:
132.64 gallons/connection/day
Real losses per length of main per day*: N/A
Real losses per service connection per day per psi pressure:
?
?
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL):
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]:
2.41 gallons/connection/day/psi
5.98 million gallons/day
12.17
* only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated
6 Water Research Foundation Reports
6 Textbooks
6 www.awwa.org - select “Water Loss
Control” from resources menu
Water Research Foundation: Water Loss Projects
6 Evaluating Water Loss and Planning Loss Reduction
Strategies (2005): assessed water auditing approaches and
emerging loss control interventions
6 Leakage Management Technologies (2005): assessed
innovative leakage management technologies and their
applicability to North American water utilities. This included
District Metered Areas (DMA) and pressure management.
6 Criteria for Optimized Distribution Systems (2010):
produced recommendations for Partnership for Safe Water
Distribution System program, including water main breaks and
leaks and pressure management
6 Effective Organization and Component Analysis of
Water Utility Leakage Data (anticipated 2014): will offer
an Excel tool for leakage analysis and leakage management
planning. Will compliment AWWA’s Free Water Audit
Software©
5
Key Regulatory Milestones for Water in the
United States
Strong national structures exist for water
quality; less so for water “quantity”
6 Clean Water Act (1972): Control of pollutants,
wastewater into waterways (Wastewater Treatment)
6 Safe Drinking Water Act (1974, amendments 1986):
Drinking Water (Water Treatment, Source Water
Protection, Capacity Development)
– Partnership for Safe Water: Optimized water quality
leaving treatment plants – program launched in 1990’s
6 US Environmental Protection Agency focus on the
distribution system
– Partnership for Safe Water: Distribution Systems –
program launched in 2012
6 US national “quantity” regulations are typically limited to
reporting of source water withdrawals
Regulatory Activity: State and Regional Level
in the United States
6 State Agencies – focus on water audit reporting
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Georgia: Environmental Protection Division
Tennessee: Comptroller of the Treasury
Texas: Texas Water Development Board
Pennsylvania: Public Utility Commission
New Mexico: Office of the State Engineer
Wisconsin: Public Services Commission
Washington: Department of Health
Illinois: Department of Natural Resources
Southeastern States: NC, SC, KY, VA
6 Regional/Water Resource Agencies
– California: California Urban Water Conservation
Council – focus on reporting and leakage control
– Delaware River Basin Commission
6
States with Varying Mechanisms for Water Loss
Auditing, Reporting & Performance Targets
WA
10% Leakage
10% Leakage, 3 year average
10% UFW
OR
NY
WI
25% WL (small) 15% (large)
IL
8% UFW
Year 5, CA
improvement or top 20% or below benchmark leakage value
10% UFW
15% WL
MN
MA
RI 15% NAW
DRBC
PA
NJ Median UFW % MD DE of Class
25% WL
IN
NH
WV
VA
10% WL
30% Leakage
15% UFW
NC
TN
15% NRW
SC
DV 65, NRW%(cost) 30% 15% UFW
GA
15% WL
KY
MO
10% UFW
NM
TX
10% UFW
FL
States with Varying Mechanisms for Water Loss
Auditing, Reporting & Performance Targets
WA
10% Leakage
10% Leakage, 3 year average
10% UFW
OR
NY
WI
25% WL (small) 15% (large)
IL
8% UFW
Year 5, CA
improvement or top 20% or below benchmark leakage value
MO
10% UFW
NM
10% UFW
15% WL
MN
MA
RI 15% NAW
DRBC
PA
NJ Median UFW % MD DE of Class
25% WL
IN
NH
WV
VA
10% WL
30% Leakage
15% UFW
NC
TN
15% NRW
SC
DV 65, NRW%(cost) 30% 15% UFW
GA
15% WL
KY
TX
10% UFW
FL
7
15
8
1,600
Overall Performance - Trailing 12 Months
WATER LOSS
1,400
NON-REVENUE
WATER
WATER SUPPLIED
1,200
AUTHORIZED
CONSUMPTION
Million Gallons
1,000
800
600
400
200
-
Best Practice Water Audit Implementation
Summary – Brief History of Water Auditing
6 After a long history of casual water “quantity” management,
considerable advancement has occurred since the 1990’s
6 Excellent methods and tools exist, and are being refined and
expanded
6 Regulatory requirements – largely for water audit reporting –
are appearing in many state and regional agencies
6 US EPA is not currently seeking a national regulation
9
Life on the Street
6 Work on
underground
infrastructure is
not invisible
6 Public Perception
of the Water Utility
is formed in a
number of ways!
FUNDAMENTALS
OF THE AWWA
WATER AUDIT
METHOD
10
Water Balance: Categorizing Use and Loss
Water
Exported
Authorized
Authorized
Consumption
Consumption
Own
Sources
Total
Total
System
System
Input
Input
(allow
( allow
for
for
known
known
errors)
errors )
Water
Imported
Billed Water Exported
USE
Water
Supplied
Supplied
LOSS
Billed
Authorized
Consumption
Revenue
Water
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unauthorized Consumption
Apparent
Losses
Water
Water
Losses
Losses
NonRevenue
Water
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Systematic Data Handling Error
Leakage on Mains
Real
Losses
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
QUIZ
11
QUIZ
Billed Authorized Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Apparent Real Losses
Losses
Fire Dept. flushing
Under‐registered customer meters
Pipe joint leakage
Water theft
Customer billing adjustment
DOT metered usage
AMR reading device failure
Customer toilet leak
Water main break
Storage tank overflows
Water Balance: Categorizing Use and Loss
Water
Exported
Billed Water Exported
Authorized
Authorized
Consumption
Consumption
Own
Sources
Total
Total
System
System
Input
Input
(allow
( allow
for
for
known
known
errors)
errors )
Water
Imported
Billed
Authorized
Consumption
Revenue
Water
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
Water
Supplied
Supplied
Billed Metered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unauthorized Consumption
Apparent
Losses
Water
Water
Losses
Losses
NonRevenue
Water
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Systematic Data Handling Error
Leakage on Mains
Real
Losses
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
12
Real vs Apparent Loss
6 Real Loss
– Physical loss - leakage
– Cost impacts at ‘wholesale’ rate
– Tools for control include leakage and pressure
management
6 Apparent Loss
– Non-physical / revenue loss - slow meters, billing
issues and theft
– Cost impacts at ‘retail’ rate.
– Tools for control include data management, quality
control policies/practices, & meter testing & repair
Non-Revenue Water
1. Water put into the system that does not
return revenue to the Utility.
2. Real Loss + Apparent Loss + Unbilled
Authorized Consumption.
3. “Unaccounted-for water” has been
abandoned forever, as an “obsolete
technology”.
13
Infrastructure Leakage Index
ILI
CARL= Current Annual Real Loss
(current leakage)
UARL= Unavoidable Annual Real Loss
(theoretical low limit of leakage)
ILI =
CARL
UARL
> 1.0
Data Validity
1. A quantitative measure of the reliability of
your audit.
2. Quantified on a scale of 100.
3. Provides context to the audit, and guidance
for – what are my next steps?
14
AWWA Free Water Audit Software© - Version 4.2
Data Grading for each input
AWWA Free Water Audit Software©
Guidance on Use of Water Audit Data
Water Audit Data Validity Level / Score
Functional
Focus Area
Audit Data
Collection
Short-term
loss control
Level I (0-25)
Level II (26-50)
Analyze business process for
Launch auditing and loss control
customer metering and billing
team; address production
functions and water supply
metering deficiencies
operations. Identify data gaps.
Conduct loss assessment
Research information on leak
investigations on a sample
detection programs. Begin
portion of the system: customer
flowcharting analysis of customer
meter testing, leak survey,
billing system
unauthorized consumption, etc.
Level III (51-70)
Level IV (71-90)
Level V (91-100)
Establish/revise policies and
procedures for data collection
Refine data collection practices
and establish as routine business
process
Annual water audit is a reliable
gauge of year-to-year water
efficiency standing
Establish ongoing mechanisms
for customer meter accuracy
testing, active leakage control
and infrastructure monitoring
Refine, enhance or expand
ongoing programs based upon
economic justification
Stay abreast of improvements in
metering, meter reading, billing,
leakage management and
infrastructure rehabilitation
Long-term
loss control
Begin to assess long-term needs
requiring large expenditure:
Begin to assemble economic
Conduct detailed planning,
Continue incremental
customer meter replacement,
business case for long-term
budgeting and launch of
improvements in short-term and
water main replacement program, needs based upon improved data comprehensive improvements for
long-term loss control
new customer billing system or becoming available through the metering, billing or infrastructure
interventions
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
water audit process.
management
system.
Target-setting
Establish long-term apparent and
Establish mid-range (5 year
real loss reduction goals (+10
horizon) apparent and real loss
year horizon)
reduction goals
Benchmarkin
g
Evaluate and refine loss control
goals on a yearly basis
Preliminary Comparisons - can
Identify Best Practices/ Best in
begin to rely upon the
Performance Benchmarking - ILI
class - the ILI is very reliable as a
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) is meaningful in comparing real
real loss performance indicator
15
A Word About Data Validity
6 Utilities with a lower Data Validity should focus
program efforts on data collection and validation until
the overall data quality becomes more reliable.
6 Utilities with higher Data Validity can trust their data to
serve as the basis for budgetary decisions on major
loss control initiatives such as leakage management
controls or wholesale customer meter replacement.
6 Reliable data can also be benchmarked against data
from other utilities with reliable data.
Reporting Worksheet
AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet
Copyright © 2009, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
?
Click to access definition
Back to Instructions
WAS v4.0
Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department
2008
Reporting Year:
7/2007 - 6/2008
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy
of the input data by grading each component (1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades
All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR
<< Enter grading in column 'E'
WATER SUPPLIED
Volume from own sources:
Master meter error adjustment:
Water imported:
Water exported:
?
7
?
10
?
n/a
MG/Yr
?
10
7,100.400 MG/Yr
WATER SUPPLIED:
94,536.900 Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr)
2,779.300 over-registered
MG/Yr
84,657.200 MG/Yr
.
?
Click here:
for help using option
buttons below
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered:
Billed unmetered:
Unbilled metered:
Unbilled unmetered:
?
7
?
n/a
?
n/a
?
8
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:
?
57,242.400 MG/Yr
MG/Yr
MG/Yr
764.200 MG/Yr
Pcnt:
1.25%
Use buttons to select
percentage of water supplied
OR
value
58,006.600 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption)
Value:
764.200
26,650.600 MG/Yr
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized consumption:
?
8
2,086.300 MG/Yr
Customer metering inaccuracies:
Systematic data handling errors:
?
8
?
5
190.300 MG/Yr
4,674.400 MG/Yr
Apparent Losses:
?
6,951.000 MG/Yr
Real Losses
Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses:
?
19,699.600 MG/Yr
Pcnt:
0.25%
Value:
2,086.300
190.300
?
WATER LOSSES:
Choose this option to
enter a percentage of
billed metered
consumption. This is
NOT a default value
26,650.600 MG/Yr
NON-REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER:
?
27,414.800 MG/Yr
= Total Water Loss + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered
16
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains:
Number of active AND inactive service connections:
Connection density:
Average length of customer service line:
?
9
?
7
?
7
Average operating pressure:
?
10
10
3,137.0 miles
547,932
175 conn./mile main
(pipe
12.0 ft
length between curbstop and customer
meter or property boundary)
55.0 psi
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system:
?
Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses):
?
9
Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses):
?
9
$219,182,339 $/Year
$4.97 $/1000 gallons (US)
$215.50 $/Million gallons
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Financial Indicators
Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied:
Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system:
Annual cost of Apparent Losses:
Annual cost of Real Losses:
32.4%
17.8%
$34,546,470
$4,245,264
Operational Efficiency Indicators
Apparent Losses per service connection per day:
34.76 gallons/connection/day
Real Losses per service connection per day*:
98.50 gallons/connection/day
Real Losses per length of main per day*:
N/A
Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure:
?
?
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL):
1.79 gallons/connection/day/psi
2,178.15 million gallons/year
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]:
9.04
* only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated
WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:
*** YOUR SCORE IS: 82 out of 100 ***
A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score
PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:
Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:
1: Volume from own sources
2: Billed metered
For more information, click here to see the Grading Matrix worksheet
3: Systematic data handling errors
Life on the Street
17
Validating Production Metering and Supply Data to
Produce an Accurate “Water Supplied Volume”
6 The importance of Production flows in the Water Audit
– The “Volume from own Sources” and/or “Water Imported” volumes
are the basis of the “Water Supplied” calculation in the water audit
– Master Meter Error Adjustment – takes into account several sources
of potential error in the production volumes that will skew the “Water
Supplied” volume. These include:
• Volume error due to inaccuracies of the production meters
• Volume adjustments as part of routine balancing tabulations across the supply
system to account for flows into- and out of storage tanks and reservoirs; and
across pressure zones and DMA’s.
• Corrections due to data gaps
6 Obtaining high degree of accuracy for the “Water Supplied”
volume is the most important step in the water audit process
Production Volumes – leading to Water Supplied
– Production Volumes: Volume from own sources, Water Imported,
Water Exported
3
18
Production Meter Site & the Flow Profile
Velocity Profiles at production meters
1.
Flowmeters should be located
and installed properly
a. Recognize the effects of pipe bends and
obstructions on the flow profile and the
meters ability to measure flow
i.
Smooth pipe:
ii.
Rough pipe:
iii.
iv.
Downstream obstruction:
Downstream bend:
b. The shape of the flow profile has bearing
on meter performance and the ability to
test the meter
c. Production meters are better sited at
locations with relatively smooth,
unobstructed flow
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Production Meter Site & the Flow Profile
6 Recommended clear spacing for flowmeters
19
Production Meter Site & the Flow Profile
6 What not to do
Accurately Quantifying “Water Supplied”
2. Meters should be regularly verified for
accuracy
a. Large meters can be compared with an inline
insertion or strap-on meter measuring flow
downstream of the primary meter
i.
Make certain that the temporary metering
location is representative and accurate
ii.
Strive for minimum 24-hr period if using this
method
iii.
Philadelphia Water Department conducts over
50 verifications each year in this manner
b. Smaller meters might be tested using field test
apparatus as is conducted on large customer
meters; or meter sent to a test laboratory
c. Document/store the inaccuracy values to serve
as a basis for data adjustments
Insertion pito rod measuring and
recording flow
20
What Constitutes a Meter?
1
6 Primary Device:
Measuring Element
“Conducts the measurement”
6 Secondary Device:
Register
2
“Communicates the measurement”
6 Tertiary Device:
Remote Database (i.e.SCADA)
3
“Archives the measurement”
Defining Accuracy Testing:
1
Using an independent meter to compare to the
Primary Device measurement for “Flow
Verification”
Defining Calibration:
2
Adjusting the instrumentation to make sure the
measurement is converted, communicated
and archived correctly
between 1 and 2 , 2 and 3
3
21
Accurately Quantifying “Water Supplied”
3. Meters should be recalibrated,
repaired or replaced regularly to
maintain reliable performance
a. New, current-technology meters
should replace dated or defective
meters
b. Permanently installed insertion type
meters can be a less costly means
of establishing or renewing reliable
metering
c. Refer to AWWA M33 guidance
manual “Flowmeters in Water
Supply” for information on meter
selection
d. Many dated meters exist throughout
the North American water industry
Full-bore Magnetic Flowmeter replacement on 48-inch
untreated water line 2008 in Philadelphia
Insertion Magnetic Flowmeter in Birmingham, AL
Accurately Quantifying “Water Supplied”
4. Regularly determine Master Meter Error
Adjustment
a. Data should be reviewed at least weekly, but
ideally, each business day, for trends/anomalies
b. Balance flows to account for storage level
changes and district water transfers
c. Adjust for recorded inaccuracy levels of given
meters
d. Adjustments due to data error
e. Adjustments due to data gaps
f.
Aggregate master meter error is:
i.
Added if source meter under-registration exists
ii.
Subtracted if source meter over-registration
exists
16-inch turbine meter on
wholesale account being verified
via inline pito rod
22
Summary – Obtaining an Accurate “Water
Supplied Quantity”
6 The “Volume from own Sources” and
the “Water Supplied” quantities are the
most important quantities in the water
audit
6 All water sources, imports and exports
should be metered with good meter
management and routine data
surveillance
6 Flow data should be monitored and
balanced across the distribution system
6 Corrections should be carried-out to
adjust for bad data and the composite
adjustments become the quantity of
“Master Meter Error Adjustment”
36-inch High Service Venturi Meter
(Courtesy of Primary Flow Control)
Life on the Street
6 No matter how
challenging
your problems
may seem to
be, there is
always
someone with a
bigger
challenge!
23
6WATER
AUDIT
EXERCISES
Small Group Exercise 1: Data Inputs ONLY
6 Utilize the example utility data to
determine the appropriate Data
Inputs for the Water Audit
Reporting Worksheet
6 The trainers will be available to
answer questions throughout the
process
6 Be prepared to discuss the
process and findings of your Data
Inputs
24
Small Group Exercise 2: Data Gradings ONLY
6 Review the example utility data to
determine, as best you can, the
appropriate data grading (1 – 10)
for each data input
6 The trainers will be available to
answer questions throughout the
process
6 Be prepared to discuss the
process and findings of your Data
Validity
Small Group Exercise 3: Q&A with Your Audit
6 Discuss questions you brought
with you regarding your Water
Audit
6 Use your Reference Sheet to
take notes
25
Life on the Street
Monthly Data Collection and
Auditing as a Standard
Business Practice
26
Water Loss by Type
(Cost)
Apparent Loss $
Real Loss $
$673,122
33%
$1,349,895
67%
900
Overall Water Loss - Trailing 12 Months
800
Million Gallons
700
600
500
WATER LOSSES:
400
WATER SUPPLIED:
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:
300
200
100
-
Building it Monthly
AWWA WLCC Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet
Back to Instructions
Co pyright © 2006, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
?
Click to access d efinition
Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department
Reporting Year: 2004
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where possible, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value.
Indicate this by selecting a choice from the gray box to the left, where M = m easured (or accurately known value) and E = estim ated.
ALL VOLUMES TO BE ENTERED AS ANNUAL QUANTITIES
WATER SUPPLIED
Volume from own sources:
Master meter error adjustment:
Water Imported:
Water Exported:
?
?
?
?
WATER SUPPLIED:
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered:
Billed unmetered:
Unbilled metered:
Unbilled unmetered:
?
?
?
?
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption)
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized consumption:
Customer metering inaccuracies:
Data handling errors:
Apparent Losses:
?
M
M
M
M
.
.
.
.
95,526.0 million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
695.4 under-registered
0.0 million gallons (US) per year
7,210.2 million gallons (US) per year
89,011.2 million gallons (US) per year
.
M
M
M
E
.
.
57,535.2 million gallons (US) per year
0.0 million gallons (US) per year
179.3 million gallons (US) per year
693.6 million gallons (US) per year
.
.
.
.
30,603.1 million gallons (US) per year
58,408.1 million gallons (US) per year
E
E
E
.
1,145.2 million gallons (US) per year
162.5 million gallons (US) per year
2,751.2 million gallons (US) per year
4,058.9 million gallons (US) per year
Real Losses
Real Losses (Water Losses - Apparent Losses):
.
.
.
26,544.2 million gallons (US) per year
WATER LOSSES:
.
.
.
.
.
.
?
?
NON_REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER:
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains:
Number of active AND inactive service connections:
Connection density:
Average length of private pipe:
Average operating pressure:
?
?
?
?
.
.
M
M
.
E
.
E
30,603.1 million gallons (US) per year
31,476.0 million gallons (US) per year
3,160.0 miles
548,289
174 conn./mile main
12.0 ft
(pipe length between curbstop and
customer meter or property
55.0 psi
.
.
.
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system:
?
M
Customer retail unit cost (applied to apparent losses):
Variable production cost (applied to real losses):
?
M
M
?
$167,604,000 $/Year
$3.95 $/1000 gallons (US)
$133.58 $/million gallons (US)
DATA REVIEW - Please review the following information and make changes above if necessary:
- Input values should be indicated as either measured or estimated. You have entered:
12 as measured values
6 as estimated values
0 without specifying measured or estimated
- It is important to accurately measure the master meter - you have entered the measurement type as: measured
- Cost Data: No problems identified
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Financial Indicators
Non-revenue water as percent by volume:
Non-revenue water as percent by cost:
35.4%
11.7%
27
Monthly Tracking
Water
Exported
Billed Water Exported
Authorized
Authorized
Consumption
Consumption
Own
Sources
Total
Total
System
System
Input
Input
(allow
( allow
for
for
known
known
errors)
errors )
Billed
Authorized
Consumption
Revenue
Water
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
Water
Supplied
Supplied
Water
Imported
Billed Metered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unauthorized Consumption
Apparent
Losses
Water
Water
Losses
Losses
NonRevenue
Water
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Systematic Data Handling Error
Leakage on Mains
Real
Losses
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
Monthly Tracking
Water
Exported
Billed Water Exported
Authorized
Authorized
Consumption
Consumption
Own
Sources
Total
Total
System
System
Input
Input
(allow
( allow
for
for
known
known
errors)
errors )
Water
Imported
Billed
Authorized
Consumption
Revenue
Water
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
Water
Supplied
Supplied
Billed Metered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unauthorized Consumption
Apparent
Losses
Water
Water
Losses
Losses
NonRevenue
Water
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Systematic Data Handling Error
Leakage on Mains
Real
Losses
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
28
Monthly Tracking
WATER SUPPLIED
1. Volume from Own Sources (with
error adjustment, if known)
2. Water Imported
3. Water Exported
WATER SUPPLIED = 1 + 2 - 3
Monthly Tracking
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
4. Billed Metered
5. Billed Unmetered
6. Unbilled Metered
7. Unbilled Unmetered
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION = 4 + 5 + 6 + 7
29
Monthly Tracking
WATER SUPPLIED
-AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
= WATER LOSS
Monthly Tracking vs Annual Audit
Monthly
Volume from Own Sources
Water Imported
Water Exported
Billed Metered Use
Billed Unmetered Use
Unbilled Metered Use
Unbilled Unmetered Use
Annual
Data Validity Score
Master Meter Error Adjustment
Customer Meter Inaccuracy
Systematic Data Handling Errors
Length of Mains
Number of Connections
Annual Operating Cost
Customer Retail Rate
Variable Production Cost
30
Essential Components for Success
Water Loss Control Team
•Distribution
•Metering
•Billing
•Finance
•Customer Service
•Fire Department
•Parks & Rec
•Engineering
•Executive
•Multi-departmental
•Cross-functional
•Essential for
establishing a culture
of efficiency
Performance
Benchmarking
Monthly Data,
Unadjusted
Monthly Data,
Lag-Time Adjusted
Trailing 12 Month
Data
31
Life on the Street
6Preview of AWWA Free
Water Audit Software©
v5.0
32
6 Inputs & Outputs separated into
2 tabs
6 Meter error adjustment for all
water supplied components
6 Updated grading matrix and
scoring
6 Updated definitions
6 New Water Loss Dashboard
6 New comments page
6 Color scheme improvements
Life on the Street
33
6Evaluations &
Certificates
6Departing With Action
34