BANGLADESH
URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT
Presentation at LCG-DER
July 8, 2015
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Background

Bangladesh is one of the world’s most disaster prone
countries.
•

The Government of Bangladesh has shown that proactively
investing in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) saves lives,
reduces economic losses, and protects development gains.
•

The country is highly exposed to a variety of hazards, such as
floods, cyclones, tidal surges, and earthquakes
GoB has successfully instituted disaster risk reduction policies
and invested in infrastructure along coastal areas to mitigate the
risk from floods and cyclones
City-level actors are critical to the effort of developing
resilient and live-able cities in Bangladesh.
•
Creating an enabling environment for coordinated, locallymanaged DRM is essential
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BACKGROUND
Bangladesh context
Bangladesh is a leader in coastal resilience
BACKGROUND
Vulnerable Urban Infrastructure
However urban resilience is lacking
Brittle
Flammable
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BACKGROUND
Recent fires and collapses
BSEC Building Fire, 26 Feb, 2007
Dead – 03, Injured - 55
Bashundhara City Fire 13 March, 2009,
Dead – 07, Injured 35
Nimtoly Fire, 03 June, 2010 .
Dead – 123, Injured 240
April 23, 2013: Dead – 1127, Injured 2500
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BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Rana Plaza collapse – crisis catalyzing change
 The building houses factories for major
clothing brands such as Benetton, Primark
and Mango and other well known shops
such as C&A, Matalan, and Wal-Mart
 Employs about 5,000 factory workers
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BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
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BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Issues: Rana Plaza Collapse?
1. Lack of quality infrastructure
2. Lack of urban emergency management system
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BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Unregulated building construction
 Approved as a 7-storied building but
later constructed to 10 floors
 Original seven storied design did not
comply to the Bangladesh National
Building Code
 Material property varied from place to
place - indicative of poor quality control
 The structural designers IEB no.
mentioned in the drawings was fake
(M/1016380)
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BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Weak Emergency Response System
The Emergency Response System lacks:

Accountability, including unclear chain of command and supervision

Communication system, including system integration

Orderly, systematic planning

Predefined methods to integrate interagency requirements into the
management structure and planning process
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BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
… just like between 1870 and 1960
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BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
… just like between 1870 and 1960
Boston Fire 1872
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BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
… just like between 1875 and 1925
… just
like between 1870 and 1960
San Francisco Earthquake 1906
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BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
… just like between 1870 and 1960
Tokyo
EARTHQUAKE
1923
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BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
… just like between 1870 and 1960
Chile
EARTHQUAKE
1960
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BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
What caused these urban disasters?
Lack of responsiveness to the needs of citizens
• Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes
• Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies
• Infrastructure to support emergency services was not well
built
• Emergency service providers were not professionalized
• Experts believed cities were doomed to never improve
These are the same challenges confronting cities like
Dhaka and Sylhet today!
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Addressing those Critical Issues

The GoB has been working with the World Bank since 2012 in preparation for the
planned investments addressing the aforementioned issues.

This collaboration has been supported by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction
and Recovery (GFDRR), to address seismic risk and the structural vulnerability of
urban buildings and infrastructure.

Urban Resilience Program (URP) was approved by the World Bank Board in March
2015 and signed by the Government and World Bank on June 30, 2015.
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Urban Resilience Program (URP)
The project development objective is to strengthen the capacity of Government of
Bangladesh agencies to respond to emergency events and to strengthen systems to reduce
the vulnerability of future building construction to disasters in Dhaka and Sylhet.
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Project Objectives
The project development objective will be achieved by:
1)
Enhancing national-level and local-level DRM facilities and agencies in Dhaka and
Sylhet to effectively plan and respond to urban disasters. This will be achieved by
developing disaster response systems, including emergency operations center,
interoperability communication systems, rescue and search equipment, and related
training and drills;
2)
Assessing the vulnerability of essential infrastructure, public facilities, and lifelines;
3)
Ensuring resilient construction by integrating disaster risk into development
planning, and establishing the infrastructure to ensure an efficient process for land
use and zoning clearance (e.g.: improved permitting systems and building code
enforcement).
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Project Implementation Structure (1)
The Urban Resilience Project (URP) – Phase 1 will be implemented by the
following Implementing Agencies:

DDM: (1) Renovate and Outfit National-Level DRM Facilities; (2) Provide Training, Exercises and Drills to NationalLevel and Local-level Agencies Involved in DRM (US$15 million)

DNCC (on behalf of DNCC, DSCC, SCC and FSCD): (1) Build, Renovate and Outfit Local-Level City Corporation
and FSCD DRM Facilities; (2) Supply, Install and Integrate Specialized Emergency Management and
Communications Technology (ECT) Equipment for DRM and Emergency Response within the National-Level and the
Local-Level Agencies; (3) Supply Specialized Search and Rescue Equipment to Local-Level Agencies Involved in
DRM (US$95 million)

RAJUK: (1) Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities and Lifelines; (2) Support the
Development of a Risk-Sensitive Land Use Planning Practice in Dhaka; (3) Create and Operationalize an Urban
Resilience Unit (URU) in RAJUK to Support DRR Mainstreaming and Improve Dhaka Urban Resilience; (4) Establish
an Electronic Construction Permitting System; (5) Introduce a Professional Accreditation Program for Engineers,
Architects and Planners; and (6) Improve Building Code Enforcement within RAJUK Jurisdiction (US$53 million)

PCMU: (1) Project Coordination, Monitoring, and Evaluation (US$10 million)
TOTAL: US$173 million
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Project Implementation Structure (2)
Sl. Component
1
2
Component A:
Reinforcing the
Country’s
Emergency
Management
Response Capacity
Component B:
Vulnerability
Assessment of
Critical and
Essential Facilities
SubSubcomponent Description
component
A1
Renovate and Outfit National-Level DRM Facilities
Implementing
Agency
DDM
Total Cost
(US$ m)
2.3
A2
Build, Renovate and Outfit Local-Level City
Corporation and FSCD DRM Facilities
DNCC
8
A3
Supply, Install and Integrate Specialized ECT
Equipment for DRM and Emergency Response within
the National-Level and the Local-Level Agencies
DNCC
47.5
A4
Supply Specialized Search and Rescue Equipment to
Local-Level Agencies Involved in DRM
DNCC
39.5
A5
Provide Training, Exercises and Drills (TED) to
National-Level and Local-level Agencies Involved in
DRM
DDM
12.7
B1
Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and
Essential Facilities and Lifelines
RAJUK
6.6
B2
Support the Development of a Risk-Sensitive Land
Use Planning Practice in Dhaka
RAJUK
5.4
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Project Implementation Structure (3)
Sl.
Component
3
Component C:
Improved
Construction, Urban
Planning and
Development
Subcomponent
Implementing
Agency
Total Cost
(US$ m)
C1
Create and Operationalize a URU in RAJUK
RAJUK
23.4
C2
Establish an Electronic Construction Permitting
System
Set Up a Professional Accreditation Program for
Engineers, Architects and Planners
RAJUK
8.7
RAJUK
4.7
C4
Improve Building Code Enforcement within
RAJUK Jurisdiction
RAJUK
4.2
Project Coordination, Monitoring, and Evaluation
PCMU
10
C3
4
Component D:
Project Coordination,
Monitoring, and
Evaluation
D
5
Component E:
Contingent
Emergency Response
Component
E
TOTAL
Subcomponent Description
0
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173
Building Urban Resilience
Integrating themes
Urban Resilience
Law and
Regulation
Establishment
Enforcement
Institutional
Arrangement
Human
Resources
Development
Disaster
Response
Capacity
Disaster
Management
Information
System
Disaster
Management
Capacity
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BANGLADESH: URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT
Swarna Kazi
Disaster Risk Management Specialist
World Bank
[email protected]
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